人教版八年级上册英语第九单元知识点归纳总结

Unit 9 Can you come to my party?一、词汇与短语● 重点单词● 重点短语● 重点句子● 重点单词变形二、语法知识点A部分1.情态动词can表示邀请的用法情态动词can除了表示能力、许可或猜测以外，还可以表示邀请；could也可表示邀请；较can更礼貌、委婉。这里could不在是can的过去式；情态动词can表示邀请时的用法如下：❶ 当用情态动词can发出邀请时，要用其一般疑问句形式。其结构为：Can+主语+动词原形+其他？eg：Can you come to the concert? 你能来听音乐会吗？Can you come to my party? 你能来参加我的聚会吗？(此处的can不再表示"能力"，而表示的是作者发出的"邀请"。)❷ 情态动词can疑问句的答语当用情态动词can发岀邀请时，其回答分为两类。一类表示接受邀请(肯定回答)，另一类表示拒绝邀请(否定回答)。⑴ 接受邀请(肯定回答)★ Yes, sure./Yes, I'd love to. 是的，当然。/是的，我很乐意。(to不可省略)★ Sure,I'd love/like to. 当然，我很乐意。(to不可省略)★ Thanks for asking/inviting/your invitation. 当然，谢谢邀请。⑵ 拒绝邀请(否定回答)★ Sorry, I'm not available./I'm sorry, + 理由。★ Sorry. I'm not available/I'm busy. 对不起，我没有空/我很忙。★ I'm sorry. I have to look after my younger sister. 对不起，我不得不照看我妹妹。★ I'd love to,but I'm afraid I can't. I have to study for an English test.我很乐意去，但是 恐怕不能。我不得不备考英语。eg：--Can you come to my birthday party tomorrow? 你明天能来我参加我的生日宴会吗？--Yes, I'd love to. 好的，我很乐意。--I'm sorry, I have to look after my sister. 对不起，我要照顾我妹妹。向别人发出邀请、请求、建议或征求别人的意见时，还有几种表达方式，语气比较委婉，显得客气而有礼貌。❶ Let's + do sth. 咱们做某事吧。eg：Let's go shopping. 咱们去购物吧。 Let's play football. 让我们踢足球吧。❷ Shall we + do sth. ? 我们做某事好吗？eg：Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗？❸ Would you mind (not) + doing sth. ? 你介意(不)做某事吗？eg：Would you mind closing the door? 你介意关上门吗？❹ How/What about doing sth. ? 做某事怎么样？eg：How about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样？❺ You'd better (not) do sth. 你最好(不要)做某事。eg：You'd better not read such books. 你最好不要看这样的书。❻ Why don't you do sth.?=Why not do sth. ? (你)为什么不做某事呢？eg：Why don't you ask your teacher? =Why not ask your teacher? 为什么不问你的老师呢？❼ Would you like ( not) to do sth. ? 你愿意(不)做某事吗？eg：Would you like to have a rest? 你想休息一会儿吗？❽ Would/Could you please (not) do sth. ? 请你(不要)做某事好吗？eg：Would you please wait for me? 请你 等等我好吗？2、can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon ?on Saturday afternoon 意为“在星期六的下午”。当时间具体到某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上等时，时间前的介词要用on。in the morning (这里的in不是具体的某一天)eg：on the morning of July 5st. 在七月五日早上。on Monday evening 在星期一晚上。◆ 介词in,on,at表示时间时的用法区别：⑴ in时间范围大（一天以上）eg：in January；in winter；in 1999in the morning/afternoon/evening 泛指在上午，下午，晚上⑵ on指在某一天或某一天的上午，下午，晚上，eg：on Monday；on Sunday afternoon；on July 1, 1999⑶ at时间最短，一般表示点时间，eg：at six o’clock；at three thirty.习惯用法：at night；at noon；at this time of year.3、prepare的用法用作不及物动词，意为“做准备”，也可用作及物动词，意为“使做好准备;把……预备好”，其名词形式为preparation，为“准备；准备工作"。常用短语：prepare for( = get ready for) 意为“为……做准备”。eg：I can't go to the movies with you because I have to prepare for an exam.我不能和你一起去看电影，因为我不得不为考试做准备。Mom is preparing the traditional dinner, and we are preparing for the new year.妈妈在准备传统晚宴，我们在为新年做准备。We made preparations to move to new offices. 我们做好搬到新办公室的准备工作了。◆ prepare to do sth. 意为“准备做某事”eg：Taking out a piece of paper,he prepared to write to his parents.他拿出一张纸，准备给父母写信。◆ prepare sb. for sth. 意为"使某人为某事做准备”。eg：We must prepare her for the bad news. 我们必须使她为这个坏消息做好准备。4、have the fluflu名词，意为“流行性感冒；流感"，常用短语have the flu意为"患流感"。flu前不用a,要用the。eg：She didn't go to school,because she had the flu. 她没去上学，因为她感冒了。“have a/an +表疾病的名词” 意为“患了……病” 这里用a/an；不用the5、another, other, the other, others 与 the othersanother用于修饰或指代单数可数名词,主要有两个用法：一是表示“另外一个”，即暗指除这个之外的另外一个，具有不确指性。另一个用法是表示“增加的；额外的”，暗指在原有基础上另增加一个。eg：You'd better try and find another job. 你最好设法另找一份工作。❶ 表示两件东西或两个人中“一个……另一个……”这一意思用"one……the other……"❷ 表示许多人或物中的“一部分”和“另一部分(并非全部)”，用"some…others/some…”意为“一些……另一些……”。❸ 表示许多人或物中的“一部分”和“其余的全部”，用"some…the others/the rest…”意为“一些……其余的……”。❹ 表示不定数目中的“一个”与“另一个”，用"one……another……"eg：Could I have another glass of milk? 我可以再喝一杯牛奶吗？Miss Li and three other teachers are there. 李老师和其他三位老师在那里。I have two books. One is about math and the other is about politics.我有两本书。一本是关于数学的，另一本是关于政治的。The students of Class Four are cleaning the classroom. Some are carrying water, others are sweeping the floor. 四班的学生们在打扫教室。一些人在提水，另一些人在扫地。Some students are on the playground. Where are the others?一些学生在操场上。其他的学生在哪里？The coat is a little too big, show me another one.这件外套有点太大了,给我看看另一个。6、I'm sorry. I'm not available.available形容词，意为“有空的”，常作表语。其同义词为free, 反义词为busy或fulleg：--Are you available tonight? 今天晚上你有空吗？--No,I'm full. 没有，我很忙。★ available作形容词还可表示“可用的；可获得的”。eg：Tickets are available from the box office. 售票处有票出售。7、not...... until......not...... until......意为“直到……才……”，句子中的谓语动词常用非延续性动词，指until所表示的时间到了，该动作才发生。此处until用作介词，意为“到……时；直到……为止”。until也可作连词，相当于till。即可做介词也可做连词，做介词时后面跟时间点。做连词时，后面跟状语从句。eg：The noise didn't stop until midnight. 那噪音直到午夜才停止。Helen did her homework until 10:00 last night. 海伦昨晚做作业到10点。Sam ran in the park until he was tired. 萨姆在公园里一直跑到累了。eg：You can't leave the office until I arrive. 直到我来你才能能离开办公室。(动作开始)They didn't talk until the next day. 直到第二天，他们才交谈。(动作开始)He lived with his parents until 23. 他跟父母住在一起，一直到23岁。(动作结束)8、exam的用法exam做名词,意为“考试”，是examination的缩写。常用短语：pass the exam通过考试；fail the exam考试不及格；final exam期末考试；mid-term exam期中考试。eg：I have to prepare for an exam. 我得准备考试。If you follow my advice, you will pass the exam. 如果你听从我的劝告，你会通过考试的。9、hang out的用法hang out意为“闲逛；常去某处”。hang作动词，可意为“悬挂；垂下”，其过去式为hung。hang作动词，意为“（被）吊死，（被）必死”时，其过去实为hanged。eg：He likes reading and he often hangs out in the bookshop.他喜欢阅读，并且经常逛书店。Hang the picture on the wall. 把这幅画挂到墙上。hang out with sb. 和某人一起闲逛Can you hang out with us on Monday night? 星期一晚上你能跟我们一起逛逛吗？相关短语：hang on紧紧抓住 hang about（在某处）闲荡 hang up 挂断电话；悬挂，挂起10、catch的用法⑴ 常用于口语中，意为“再见”。类似的说法还有：See you later!（回头见!）eg：--I'll visit you in a couple of days. 我过几天会去拜访你。--Okay. Catch you later. 好的。再见。Catch you on Monday! 星期一见！⑵ catch作动词,意为“及时赶上；接住；抓住”。其第三人称单数形式为catches，过去式为caught。eg：Cats like catching mice. 猫喜欢捉老鼠。As long as you work hard, you will catch up with others.只要你努力学习，你就会赶上别人。相关短语： catch a bus 赶公交车 catch a cold 感冒 catch the ball 接球 catch the fish 捉鱼11、I'm afraid not.I'm afraid …… 意为“恐怕……”，用于推测令人不愉快的事。表示否定时，用I'm afraid not. “恐怕不能”；表示肯定时，用I'm afraid so. “恐怕如此”。eg：--Can you go to the concert? 你能去听音乐会吗？--Sorry. I'm afraid not. 对不起，恐怕不能。--Is she very ill? 她病得很厉害吗？--I'm afraid so. 恐怕如此。12、invite的用法invite为及物动词，意为“邀请”。其常见用法有：“invite sb.to+地点名词”表示“邀请某人去某地”，“invite sb. to do sth.”表示“邀请某人做某事”。其名词为invitation 邀请;请柬;请帖eg：My pen friend invites me to his hometown. 我的笔友邀请我去他的家乡。Yesterday Jack invited me to play tennis. 昨天杰克邀请我去打网球。13、accept的用法accept为动词，意为“接受”。其反义词为：refuse。eg：I accepted his invitation. 我接受了他的邀请。eg：I received his gift yesterday, but I wouldn't like to accept it.昨天我收到了他的礼物，但是我不想接受它。refuse的用法refuse作动词，意为“拒绝”，其后可接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语，不能接动词-ing形式作宾语。refuse to do sth. 意为“拒绝做某事”。eg：She usually refuses the invitation from Tony. 她通常会拒绝托尼的邀请。I don't think he will refuse me. 我想他不会拒绝我。B部分weekday与 weekendweekday为可数名词，意为“工作日”，指星期一到星期五的任何一天。常用短语on weekdays意为 “在工作日"。eg：Don't drink on weekdays. 在工作日不要喝酒。eg：I only work on weekdays, not on weekends. 我只在工作日工作，周末不工作。如何询问星期与日期❶ 问今天是星期几，有三种问法？What day is today?/What day is it?/What day is it today? 用星期几回答。eg：--What day is it today? 今天是星期几？ --It's Monday. （今天是）星期一。It's Wednesday. 或 Today is Wednesday. （今天是）星期三。❷ 问今天几月几号，有四种问法？What's the date today? /What's today's date? /What's the date? /What date is it today? eg：--What's the date today? 今天是几月几日？--It's September 10th. （今天是）九月十日。❸ 用来询问今天是几号、星期几，用What's today? 回答时通常用星期几和日期，也可用节日。eg：--What's today? 今天是什么日子？--It's Monday the 14th. 今天是14号，星期一--What's today? 今天是什么日子？--It's Mother's Day. （今天是）母亲节。3、look afterlook after意为“照料;照顾”，其同义短语为：take care of=look after=care forlook after……well = take good care of……意为"好好照顾……”。eg：He is old enough to look after himself. 他足够大了，能照顾自己了。You should look after the dog well. 你应该好好照顾这只狗。=You should take good care of the dog.4、invitation的用法invitation用作可数名词，意为“邀请”，the/an invitation to do sth.意为“做某事的邀请”，the/ an invitation to……意为 “……的邀请”。eg：Mr. Green accepted an invitation to speak at a meeting.格林先生接受了在大会上发言的邀请。Tom never refuses an invitation to dinner. 汤姆从不拒绝宴会邀请。5、turn down❶ turn down意为“拒绝”，相当于refuse，turn down为“动词+副词”结构，人称代词作其宾语时，人称代词要放在turn和down之间。eg：turn down an invitation 拒绝邀请He turned down his good friend's advice. 他拒绝了好朋友的建议。Thanks for your invitation, But I have to turn it down. 谢谢你的邀请，但是我不能接受。❷ turn down还可意为“关小；调低”eg：The baby is sleeping, so please turn down the radio.这个婴儿正在睡觉，所以请把收音机声音调低。6、reply与answer◆ reply用作不及物动词，意为“回答，答复”，reply to (sb./sth.) 表示“对……的答复”。eg：He failed to reply to my question. 他没能回答我的问题。◆ reply用作及物动词，意为"回答，回答说”。eg：He replied that he knew nothing about the accident.他回答说关于那起事故他什么都不知道。◆ reply用作名词，意为“回答，答复”，后面跟介词to。eg：Silence is the best reply to his words. 沉默是对他的话的最好答复。eg：He never replied to any of my letters. 他从来没给我回过信。Please answer my question. 请回答我的问题。7、see sb. do sth.与see sb. doing sth.eg：I'm sad to see her go,and this party is the best way to say “Thank you and goodbye.”看到她离开我很难过,这个聚会是向她说“谢谢和再见”的最好方式。I often see the boy play soccer in the park. 我经常看到那个男孩儿在公园里踢足球。I saw her cleaning the classroom. 我看到她正在打扫教室。8、take a triptake a trip意为“去旅行”eg：Are you planning to take a trip next month? 你们正计划下个月去旅行吗？Last June I decided to take a trip to China. 去年6月我决定去中国旅行。My family is taking a trip to Wuhan at the end of this month to visit my aunt and uncle.我们全家打算在这个月末去武汉旅行，看望我的姑姑和姑父。9、at the end of……at the end of意为“在……尽头；在……的末尾”，可以表示地点，也可以表示时间。by the end of…意为“到……末为止”，in the end意为“最后；终于”。eg：You can see a bookshop at the end of the road. 在路的尽头你会看到一家书店。At the end of the month, we'll have an exam. 在这个月末，我们将会有一场考试。My family is taking a trip to Wuhan at the end of this month to visit my aunt and uncle.我们全家打算在这个月末去武汉旅行，看望我的姑姑和姑父。10、be glad to do sth.glad形容词，意为“高兴，愿意”，常用来作表语。be glad to do sth. 意为“高兴做某事”。eg：I'm glad to receive your letter. 我很高兴收到你的信。However,I'd still be glad to help out with any of the party preparations, like planning the games. 然而，我仍然很高兴帮助做一些聚会的准备工作，像计划一些游戏。11、help outhelp out意为“（帮助……）分担工作，解决难题。eg：Do you need anyone to help out in the shop? 你需要有人在店里帮一把吗？However,I'd still be glad to help out with any of the party preparations, like planning the games. 然而，我仍然很高兴帮助做一些聚会的准备工作，像计划一些游戏。12、without的用法without介词，意为“没有；不（做某事）”，其后跟动词-ing形式、人称代词宾格或名词，用来表示伴随或假设的情况。without doing sth. “没有做某事”。without的反义词为with，意为“具有;带有”。eg：He left the room angrily without (saying) a word.他一句话也没有说就气冲冲地离开了房间。Bring Ms. Steen to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised. 在没有告知斯蒂恩女士的前提下，把她带来聚会，以便她会感到惊喜。◆ without 可以和 if……not……进行同义句转换。eg：You can't buy things without money. 没钱你就买不了东西。=You can't buy things if you don't have money.13、so……that……, so that与in order toeg：I am so busy that I have no time to see my mother. 我工作太忙了，没有时间去看母亲。I work hard every day so that I can catch up with Tom.我每天努力学习，以便能赶上汤姆。I took a bus so that I could get to school on time.=I took a bus in order to get to school on time.我乘了一辆公共汽车，以便可以按时到校14、surprise的用法surprise可作名词，意为“惊奇;惊讶”，其常用结构为：to one's surprise 意为“使/令/让……惊讶的是” 其形容词为surprised/surprising；常用短语 be surprised to do sth. 意为“对做某事感到意外”。eg：I was surprised to see him there. 在那里见到他我感到很意外。We are all surprised to learn that she is sixty years old.得知她六十岁了，我们都感到意外。The news was surprising.这则消息令人吃惊。To my surprise, all the questions were different. 令我惊讶的是，所有的问题都不一样。15、look forward tolook forward to意为“期待；盼望”，其中to为介词，其后可跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式作宾语。eg：I look forward to hearing from you all. 我期盼着收到你们所有人的答复。Cindy is looking forward to her birthday party. 辛迪正盼望着她的生日聚会。I'm looking forward to buying a new house for my parents.我一直盼望着给父母买一套新的房子。16、heard fromheard from意为“收到某人的信、电话等"，相当于receive a letter/telephone call from sb.。write (a letter) to sb.意为“给某人写信”；give a telephone call to sb.或 give sb. a call意为“给某人打电话”。eg：I look forward to hearing from you all. 我期盼着收到你们所有人的答复。I heard from my mother last week. 上周我收到了我母亲的来信。=I received a letter from my mother last week.17、make itmake it是一个在口语中使用频率较高的习语，具有较强的的交际功能。具体用法如下： ❶ 意为“在约定时间内赶到”，相当于arrive in timeeg：If we run, we should make it. 我们如果跑的话，应该来得及。❷ 意为“办成某事”,相当于succeed。eg：After years of hard work, he finally made it. 多年的辛勤劳动后，他终于成功了。18、固定搭配A部分exam n. 考试flu n. 流行性感冒；流感available adj. 有空的；可获得的until conj. & prep.到…时；直到…为止hang v. 悬挂；垂下catch v. 及时赶上；接住；抓住invite v. 邀请accept v. 接受refuse v. 拒绝B部分weekday n. 工作日invitation n. 邀请;请柬reply v. 回答;答复forward v.转寄；发送 adv.向前；前进delete v. 删除print v. 打印；印刷sad adj. (令人)悲哀的；(令人)难过的goodbye interj. & n. 再见glad adj. 高兴;愿意preparation n. 准备；准备工作glue n. 胶水without prep. 没有；不（做某事）surprised adj. 惊奇的；感觉意外的housewarming n. 乔迁聚会concert n. 音乐会；演奏会event n. 大事；公开活动；比赛项目guest n. 客人；宾客daytime n. 白天；日间A部分prepare for…… 为……做准备go to the/a doctor 去看医生have the flu 患感冒go to the party 去聚会another time 其他时间；别的时间have an exam 参加考试not ……until…… 直到……才……hang out 闲逛；常去某处plan to do sth. 计划做某事study for a math test 备考数学考试B部分the day before yesterday 前天the day after tomorrow 后天look after 照料；照顾turn down 拒绝; 调小（声音）the best way to do sth. 做某事最好的方法take a trip 去旅行at the end of this month 在这个月末so that 以便;为了help out （帮助……）分担工作、解决难题look forward to 盼望；期待make it 成功hear from接到（某人的）信、电话等reply in writing 书面回复A部分--Can you come to my party on Saturday? --Sure, I'd love to.--周六你能来参加我的聚会吗？ --当然，我想来。Sam isn't leaving until next Wednesday. 萨姆直到下周三才离开。Catch you on Monday! 周一见！--Can you go to the movies tomorrow night? --Sorry, I must study for a math test. /I'm afraid not. I have the flu. --明天晚上你能去看电影吗？ --对不起,我必须备考数学考试/恐怕不行,我得了流感。--Can he go to the party? --No, he can't. He has to help his parents.--他能去聚会吗？ --不，他不能去。他不得不帮助他父母。--Can she go to the baseball game? --No, she's not available. She must go to the doctor.--她能去（参加）棒球比赛吗？ --不行，她没空。她必须去看医生。What are you planning to do after school? 放学后你计划做什么事情？Are you free to come to my place on Saturday? 星期六你有空来我的住处吗？B部分--What's today? --It's Monday the 14th. --今天是什么日子？ --14号，星期一。What a great idea! 多好的一个主意啊！I'm sad to see her go. 看到她离开我难过。My family is taking a trip to Wuhan at the end of this month to visit my aunt and uncle.我全家在本月末要去武汉旅游拜访我的婶婶和叔叔。Let's have a surprise party for her next Friday the 28th!我们（本月）28日下周五为她举办一场惊喜聚会吧！Bring Ms. Steen to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised.把斯蒂恩女士带到聚会上来，事先不要告诉她，这样她才能感到惊喜。I look forward to hearing from you all. 我盼望收到你们所有人的回复。I would like to invite you to the opening of our new library.我想邀请你们参加我们新图书馆的落成典礼。A部分examination—exam（缩写形式）hang—hung/hanged（过去式）catch—caught（过去式）invite—invited（过去式）—invitation(名词)accept—refuse（反义词）B部分weekday—weekdays（复数）invite—invitation（名词）reply—replied（过去式）sad—glad/happy/pleased（反义词）prepare—preparation（名词）with—without（反义词）open—opening（名词）surprise—surprising/surprised (形容词)have a headache 头痛have a toothache 牙痛have a sore throat 喉咙痛have a cold 感冒have a cough 咳嗽have a fever 发烧have a stomachache 胃痛another可作限定词，也可作代词，意为”又一，另一”，可用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的"另一个”，可修饰或代替单数可数名词other可作形容词或代词，作形容词时，意思是"别的，其他的"，泛指其他的人或物，其后常接可数名词复数也可接单数。the other作形容词讲时，意为"（两者之中）另一个的"；作代词讲时，意为"（两者之中的）另一个人或物，常用结构"one……the other……"意为“一个……另一个……”。others是other的复数形式，泛指"另外几个；其余的"，在句中可作主语或宾语。表示除去一部分后的另一些，但不是剩下的全部。常用结构"some…others…”意为“一些……另一些……”。the others意为"其他东西；其余的人"，特指某一定范围内除去一部分后，剩下的全部人或物"，是the other的复数形式。相当于“the other +可数名词复数”。◇◆onethe other◇◇◇◇◇◇◇◆◆◆◆◇◇someothers/some◇◇◇◇◇◆◆◆◆◆◆◆somethe others/the rest◇◇◇◇◆◇◇◇oneanothernot...... until.....表示"直到……才……”，句子中的谓语动词常用瞬间性动词，表示直到until后面的动作才刚刚开始。until表示动作、状态的持续，强调"一直到……为止"，句子中的谓语动词常用延续性动词。表示直到until后面的动作就已经结束了。accept意为"接受"，指主观上愿意接受。receive意为"收到”，指客观上收到或拿到，但主观上不一定会接受。weekday指星期一到星期五的任何一天weekend指星期六和星期天reply作及物动词时，后接that从句或直接引语；作不及物动词时，后跟介词to后才能接名词或代词作宾语。answer可作及物或不及物动词，还可表示接听（电话）或对门铃等声响做出反应等,reply不能这样用。see sb. do sth.意为"看到某人做某事”，表示看到做某事的全过程see sb. doing sth.意为"看到某人正在做某事”，表示看到某人在做某事的片段，强调动作正在发生。so……that……引导结果状语从句，作“如此……以致于……”讲，常用在“so+形容词/副词+that 从句”结构中。so that意为“以便；为的是”，用于引导目的的状语从句，that引导的从句常与 may,can,could等情态动词连用。in order toin order to与so that同义，只是后者跟句子，前者跟动词原形。surprised形容词，"感到意外的”，主语常为人，说明人的感受。surprising形容词，"令人惊讶的"，主语通常是物，说明事物具有的特征。1. one of十可数名词复数 ……之一What's today? 今天是什么日子?reply to sth. /sb. 答复某事/某人look forward to doing sth. 期盼做某事have a surprise party for sb. 为某人举办一个惊喜聚会the best way to do sth. 做某事最好的方式see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事would love/Iike to do sth. 愿意做某事thanks for doing sth. 感谢做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事be sad /glad to do sth. 做某事很悲伤/高兴without doing sth. 没有做某事