Unit 3 Family Mtters Section Ⅲ　Using language & Writing(word 教师用书 含答案解析)

Section Ⅲ　Using language & Writing

复习动词时态


一般现在时
1．表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与often, usually, always, sometimes, never, every day, once a month等时间状语连用。
◆He goes to school at seven o’clock every day.
他每天七点钟去上学。
◆We like communicating with our friends using WeChat now.
现在我们喜欢用微信和朋友们交流。
2．表示普遍存在的真理和客观事实。
◆Light travels faster than sound.
光比声音传播得快。
◆China lies in the east of Asia.
中国位于亚洲的东部。
3．表示按规定或时刻表将要发生的动作，仅限少数动词如begin, come, go, leave, start, arrive, end, return, take off等。
◆The plane takes off at 15：05.
飞机15：05起飞。
◆The meeting begins at eight.
会议八点开始。

在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
◆We’ll let you know the good news as soon as you arrive.
你一到我们就告诉你这个好消息。
◆If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。

现在进行时
1．表示说话时正在进行的动作，常与时间状语now, at the moment等连用。
◆I am writing a letter now.Will you please turn down the radio?
我正在写信，请你把收音机的音量调小一点儿，好吗？
2．表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定进行的动作。
◆He is writing a book about Chinese history these days.
这些天他正在写一本关于中国历史的书。
3．表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。有此用法的动词： go, come, leave, start, arrive, return等。
◆Mr.White is leaving for Beijing in a few days.
几天后，怀特先生将动身去北京。
4．表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等，常与always, constantly, continually等副词连用。
◆He is always asking such simple questions.
他老是问这种简单的问题。
◆He is always thinking more of others than of himself.
他总是为别人考虑得多，为自己考虑得少。

一般过去时
1．一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或者某一段时间发生的动作或者状态。常与then, at that time, just now, a moment ago, the other day, in the past, at one time, three days ago, last year, yesterday, in 2018等时间状语连用。
◆Tom wanted to help us yesterday, but he was very busy.
汤姆昨天想帮助我们，但他太忙了。
2．表示过去的习惯动作，常与often, always, usually等表示频度的时间状语连用。
◆During his middle school years, he played football nearly every day.
他在中学时代几乎天天踢足球。
3．有些情况，虽然没有明确表示过去的时间状语，但可根据语境判断出动作发生在过去，应用过去时态。
◆I didn’t know you were in Paris.
我事先不知道你在巴黎。
◆Your phone number again, please. I didn’t quite catch it.
请再说一遍你的电话号码。我没有听清楚。

一般将来时
一般将来时由“shall/will＋动词原形”构成，表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow，next week, in the future, in a few days 等时间状语连用。will＋动词原形还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
◆(湖南卷)As you go through this book, you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
当你浏览这本书时，你将会发现经历过第二次世界大战的数百万人中的每一个都有着不同的经历。
◆(北京卷)—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
——Jackson博士现在不在他的办公室里。
—All right. I will call him later.
——好的。我晚些时候给他打电话。

将来时的其他表达法：
(1)be going to表示按计划、打算要做某事，此外，还可以表示根据某些迹象判断将要发生的事情。
◆I am going to meet Mr. Smith at the airport at 8：30 tonight.
今晚八点半我将在机场接史密斯先生。
◆Look at the black clouds! It is going to rain.
瞧那些乌云！要下雨了。
(2)be about to do表示即将发生的将来动作，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用，多与when连用。
◆I was about to go to have dinner when he called me up.
我正要吃饭，这时他给我打电话了。
(3)be to do表示按照约定、职责、义务或要求等即将发生的动作。
◆We are to meet at the school gate at six in the morning.
我们定于早晨6点在学校门口碰头。

现在完成时
1．表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，着眼于现在。常与already, just(刚刚), yet, never, before, lately, recently, in the last (past) few years, up to now, till now, so far等连用。
◆(北京卷)In the last few years, China has made great achievements in environmental protection.
在过去几年里，中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大成就。
2．表示从过去某时开始而延续至今的动作或状态，常与for＋一段时间， since＋时间点等表示一段时间的状语连用。
◆He has worked here for over twenty years.
他在这里工作已有20多年了。
◆He has lived in London since 2018.
自从2018年以来他就住在伦敦。
3．在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可代替将来。
◆(天津卷)We won’t start the work until all the preparations have been made.
直到所有的准备工作都做完了，我们才开始工作。
◆I’ll go to the party as soon as I have finished my homework.
我一完成作业就去参加聚会。
4．在“This/It is the first/second...time＋that从句”句式中，that从句一般用现在完成时。
◆This is the first time that I have visited the Great Wall.
这是我第一次参观长城。
5．在“This/It is the＋序数词/形容词最高级＋名词＋that 定语从句”结构中，定语从句中用现在完成时。
◆This is the most interesting film that he has watched.
这是他看过的最有趣的电影。

单句语法填空
1．I have heard(hear) nothing from him up to now.
2．The real reason why prices were(be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
3．He felt surprised to meet me in Beijing, for he didn’t know I was living(live) there.
4．Mary has been working(work) really hard on her book and thinks she’ll have finished it by Friday.
5．After Jack had sent some emails, he started(start) working on his project.
6．It is the third time that he has won(win) a prize in the field of music.
7．Tom is a great talker. It is high time he did(do) something instead of talking.
8．It doesn’t matter whether you will attend(attend) the meeting to be held tomorrow afternoon.
9．I won’t catch up with the early bus which passes(pass) by my house at 5：50 every morning.
10．My mother often said to me，“Time is(be) precious for everyone and never waste your time.”
语法与写作
1．他总是想着怎样才能为人们多做些事情。
He is always thinking of how he could do more for the people.
2．除非我亲眼看到，否则我不会相信你的。
I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.
3．我小时候，妈妈很少听到我在公共场合唱歌。
My mother seldom heard me singing in public when I was young.
4．我已经多次劝说我父亲戒烟。
I have persuaded my father to give up smoking for many times.
5．他答应我今年夏天带我去海里游泳。
He promises that he will take me to have a swim this summer.

家庭回忆

文体感知
家庭回忆属于记叙文范畴。主要是描述某一个具体事物引发的个人对过去家庭中所发生的一件小事的美好回忆。整篇文章以复述故事为主。基本写作结构如下：
1．引入话题：是什么唤醒了自己的记忆；
2．讲述故事内容：时间、地点、人物、事件；
3．联系现实：表述个人感受或对自己产生的启迪。
增分佳句
1．Last Christmas.../Three years ago.../When I was.../This morning...
2．It was a lovely Sunday/Sunday morning/..., and I was wandering on the street when...
3．I was cleaning my study/bookshelf...when I saw/noticed a toy/picture...
4．I was listening to the radio...when a familiar song/...came into my ear/mind/...
5．It called back my lovely memory that...
6．It reminded me of my brother, Tony/ my last visit to my grandma/...
7．Looking at the...a wonderful/...memory came back to me/my mind.
8．It made me feel so warm/proud/happy...that...
9．I will never forget it.
10．It will stay in my mind forever.
11．It was so lovely/interesting/exciting...that I will never forget it.
12．It taught me that.../I learned (a lesson) that...
13．I learnt a lot/so much...from that experience.
14．Every time I think of...I feel...
15．Although/Though/While it is a long time away, it is still clear in my mind/it seems as if happening just now.

写作要求
假如你是 Tony，有一件东西让你回忆起了家庭中发生的一件事。请你写一篇80词左右的文章，叙述该故事。
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
记叙文
话题
叙述家庭故事
时态
一般过去时
人称
第一人称、第三人称
词句推敲
1．词汇
①进入脑海　　　　　　 come into one’s mind
②花时间做…… spend time in doing...
③用严肃的语气 in a serious tone
④管理时间 manage your time
⑤一眼就喜欢上某物 fall in love with sth. at first sight
⑥充分利用 make good use of
⑦很强的时间意识 a strong sense of time
⑧按……的话去做 follow one’s words
⑨从……中收益 benefit from...
⑩感谢某人 be thankful to sb.
2．句式
①三年前，我刚上初中。我花了大量时间去玩，学习上很懒。
普通表达：Three Years ago, I just attended junior school. I spent much time playing and I was rather lazy in my study.
高级表达：Three years ago when I just attended junior school, I spent much time playing and was rather lazy in my study.(定语从句)
②你是一名中学生了，你应该知道如何管理时间。
普通表达：You are a junior student. You should know how to manage your time.
高级表达：As a junior student, you should know how to manage your time.(介词短语)
③我迫不及待地接过了它，我第一眼就喜欢上了它。
普通表达：I took it over eagerly. I fell in love with it at first sight.
高级表达：I took it over eagerly, falling in love with it at first sight.(v.­ing作结果状语)
妙笔成篇
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One possible version：
Every time I look at the watch on my wrist, a lovely memory will come into my mind.
Three years ago when I just attended junior school, I spent much time playing and was rather lazy in my study. One day, Father came back home and called me into his room. He talked to me in a serious tone，“Tony, you are now a junior student. As a junior student, you should know how to manage your time.”And then he took out a nice watch and handed it to me. I took it eagerly, falling in love with it at first sight. Father told me to make good use of the watch and try to become a student with a strong sense of time.
I have been following Father’s words and have benefited a lot from it. I am thankful to my father.


单句语法填空
1. Our flight takes(take) off at seven o’clock this evening.Don’t be late.
2. Look! The monkey is__climbing(climb) the banana tree.
3. Hurry up! The train is__leaving(leave)．We must get on as soon as possible.
4．(2016·北京卷)I have__read(read) half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
5．Mrs. Brown worked(work) in a high school for three years in the past, but she works in a bank now.
6．You are always watching(watch) TV.You should do something more active.
7．I don’t know whether my sister will come.If she comes(come), I will let you know.
8．(2019·福建师大附中高一期中)I don’t want to buy a new house because I am__saving(save) money for my son, who is going to have further study abroad.
9．(重庆卷)James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he was__coming(come) until yesterday.
10．—Dad, can you bring me my kite?
—Sorry, son.I am__repairing(repair) your bike.
阅读理解
When I was about 12, I had an enemy, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings(缺点). Week__by__week__her__list__grew:__I was very thin, I wasn’t a good student, I talked too much, I was too proud, and so on. I tried to hear all these as long as I could. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes.
He listened to me quietly, then he asked, “Are the things she says true or not? Janet, didn’t you ever wonder what you’re really like? Well, you now have that girl’s opinion. Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said.”
I did as he told me. To my great surprise, I discovered that about half the things were true. Some of them I couldn’t change (like being very thin), but a good number I could—and suddenly I wanted to change. For the first time I went to a fairly clear picture of myself.
I brought the list back to Daddy. He refused to take it. “That’s just for you，” he said. “You know better than anyone else the truth about yourself. But you have to learn to listen, not just close your ears in anger and feeling hurt. When something said about you is true, you’ll find it will be of help to you. Our world is full of people who think they know your duty. Don’t shut your ears. Listen to them all, but hear the truth and do what you know is the right thing to do.”
Daddy’s advice has returned to me at many important moments. In my life, I’ve never had a better piece of advice.
【解题导语】　本文讲述了一个女孩总是说作者的缺点，那一天作者哭着去找爸爸，爸爸让她敢于面对自己的缺点。
1．What did the father do after he had heard his daughter’s complaint?
A．He told her not to pay any attention to what her “enemy” had said.
B．He criticized(批评) her and told her to overcome her shortcomings.
C．He told her to write down all that her “enemy” had said about her and pay attention only to the things that were true.
D．He refused to take the list and have a look at it.
C　解析：细节理解题。由第二段的Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said.可知爸爸让女儿写下小女孩所说的并且接受事实，所以选C。
2．What does “Week by week her list grew” mean?
A．Week by week she discovered more shortcomings of the author and pointed them out to her.
B．She had made a list of the author’s shortcomings and she kept on adding new ones to it so that it was growing longer and longer.
C．The author was having more and more shortcomings as time went on.
D．Week by week, the author’s shortcomings grew more serious.
A　解析：推理判断题。由第一段中I was very thin, I wasn’t a good student, I talked too much, I was too proud, and so on.可知随着时间的流逝，她发现作者的缺点越来越多，所以选A。
3．Why did her father listen to her quietly?
A．Because he believed that what her daughter’s “enemy” said was mostly true.
B．Because he had been so angry with his daughter’s shortcomings that he wanted to show this by keeping silent for a while.
C．Because he knew that his daughter would not listen to him at that moment.
D．Because he wasn’t quite sure which girl was telling the truth.
A　解析：推理判断题。由第二段爸爸说的话可知爸爸认为这个女孩说的是真的，所以选A。
4．Which do you think would be the best title for this passage?
A．Not an Enemy, but the Best Friend
B．The Best Advice I’ve Ever Had
C．My Father
D．My Childhood
B　解析：标题归纳题。由本文的主要意思“爸爸对自己的女儿说要敢于面对自己的缺点，这是作者一生中的最好的建议” ，所以选B。
语法填空
A common tip on fitting walking into your day is to park your car at the back of the parking lot when you shop or go to work.To take that idea one step further，why not consider 1.____________(walk) from your home to the story or to your office? If you take public transportation 2.____________ someone gives you a lift, get off one stop earlier.
Another common 3.____________(suggest) is to take the stairs whenever possible.However，some people find that they can do all the things on one floor and don’t find the need 4.____________(use) the stairs.If this is the case, you can regularly use a copier 5.____________ is across the building from your desk or use a washroom on a different floor.
If you 6.____________ (frequent) go out for lunch，suggest to your workmates that you find a wonderful restaurant 7.____________ walking distance.If time is a matter, speak with your boss about lengthening(延长) your lunch break.And you promise that you can work for a few extra minutes at 8.____________ end of the day.
As we all know, walking your dog really 9.____________ (provide) many health benefits.It is one of the 10.____________ (good) ways to get extra steps while you can appreciate the beauty of nature.
【解题导语】　作者在本文介绍了几种走路健身的方法。
1．walking　解析：考查非谓语动词。consider doing sth.意为“考虑做某事”。
2．or　解析：考查连词。此处用or表选择，连接两个句子。
3．suggestion　解析：考查名词。此处需要主语，用suggest的名词形式。句意：另一个通常的建议就是在任何可能的时候多爬楼梯。
4．to use　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式作need的定语，意为“……的需要”。
5．that/which　解析：考查关系代词。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词是copier，且在从句中作主语，故用that或which引导定语从句。
6．frequently　解析：考查副词。修饰谓语动词go要用副词形式。
7．within　解析：考查介词。within walking distance意为“在步行的距离内”；within意为“在……范围内”。
8．the　解析：考查冠词。at the end of ...意为“在……的结尾”。
9．provides　解析：考查动词时态。动名词短语walking your dog作主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数；且根据全文内容可知，此处表示一般性动作，故填provides。
10．best　解析：考查形容词最高级。“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”表示“最……之一”。
应用文写作
一位网名为Joe的人因与好朋友发生争执而苦恼，在国外某交友网站上发帖求助。请你用英文给他回复，内容主要包括：
1．表示安慰和鼓励；
2．你的建议。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头已给出，但不计入总词数。
Hi，Joe.I have read about your situation.____________________________________
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One possible version：
Hi，Joe.I____have__read__about__your__situation.It is common for everyone to have arguments or even quarrels with friends.So take it easy, and find a way out.
You may follow my suggestions.First, try to find out who did wrong and caused the arguments.If it is you, be brave enough to say sorry to your friend.And if it is your friend，you shouldn’t be too hard on him or her either.Instead, try to take it easy and be kind.Second, give yourself and your friend some time to calm down, as it is not necessary to deal with the arguments immediately.
Good luck and best wishes for you!
读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
A Simple Thank
I have been in the teaching profession more than thirty years, and one of the best teachers I have ever known was Mr.__Rowe. I was lucky enough to co－teach the fourth grade with him.
Mr. Rowe had infinite patience and understanding and I learned so much from watching him. He could perform miracles, like the one he performed with Steven,__one of the unhappiest kids I ever saw. Steven couldn’t stand school. He didn’t like being picked last for kickball. He didn’t like the kids who raised their hands and knew all the answers, and most importantly, he didn’t like himself.
The first day he walked into Mr. Rowe’s classroom, he ignored the other students, looking angry and annoyed, and slid into his chair, knocking a couple of textbook onto the floor.
Mr. Rowe walked over to him and touched Steven’s shoulder, but Steven pulled away. Nevertheless, Mr. Rowe welcomed him：“Hi, Steven. I’m happy you are in my class. We are gonna have a great year.”Steven looked around the room as if Mr. Rowe must be mistaken. No teacher in his right mind would want Steven to be part of his classroom.
So, while Mr. Rowe seemed cheerful and relaxed that day of school, it seemed like Steven was angry and confused．
That day after classes, Mr. Rowe chose Steven to pitch the kickball at recess.“Hey, Steven，”Mr. Rowe commented. “You are good at pitching. Let me show you my secret trick.”Mr. Rowe taught Steven one of the tricks that not a single kid could perform. Steven learned fast and did quite well! Everyone cheered for him!
After the kickball, Steven sat as close to Mr. Rowe in classes as he could. When a question was asked, Steven lit up; he knew the answer! He raised his hands. When he answered the question, his voice shook. However, he got the answer right! He said, with Mr. Rowe, his days of the fourth grade promised wonderful．
That is not to say that every day went smoothly, but it was evident that Steven grew to love Mr. Rowe more and more with each passing day.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
Time passed quickly that year, and before we all knew it, it was the last day of school.
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Paragraph 2：
Many years later, Mr. Rowe and I were surprised when a handsome young man walked into our classroom, dressed in the Marine Corps(海军) uniform.___________________________
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One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
Time passed quickly that year, and before we all knew it, it was the last day of school. Our school had a very special tradition on the last day. All the teachers filled the sidewalk, waving goodbye to the students as the buses pulled out with their horns honking. But on that particular day, Steven walked slowly to the bus, his head down, tears in his eyes. He boarded the bus reluctantly, hesitated, and then ran back off the bus to hug Mr.__Rowe．“I don’t want to leave you，”he sobbed. With red－rimmed eyes, Mr. Rowe comforted him，“I will miss you, too.”
Paragraph 2：
Many years later, Mr. Rowe and I were surprised when a handsome young man walked into our classroom, dressed in the Marine Corps(海军) uniform. The young man stood tall and proud. It was Steven! Mr. Rowe and I couldn’t believe our eyes. He saluted and hugged Mr. Rowe tightly！“I have come back to school today just to say thanks to you！”It is my hope that every teacher is blessed with such an experience of a former student coming back to say, simply to say a very simple thank.

查尔斯·狄更斯是19世纪英国批判现实主义小说家的代表。《双城记》是狄更斯所著的一部以法国大革命为背景的长篇历史小说。故事将巴黎、伦敦两大城市连接起来，并围绕着马内特医生一家和以得法热夫妇为首的圣安东尼区展开。
[词句积累]
1．knit/nIt/v.编织衣物等
2．lock/lɒk/vt.锁，锁上
3．whisper/wIspə(r)/vi.
耳语，低声说
4．be afraid of害怕……
5．They followed him upstairs, many stairs, until they reached the top.
分析：这是一个复合句。名词短语many stairs在句中作状语，until引导时间状语从句。,A Tale of Two Cities(excerpt)
In the part of Paris called Saint Antoine everyone was poor. The streets were narrow and dirty, the food shops were almost empty. The faces of the children looked old already, because they were so hungry. In the wine shop of Monsieur Defarge there were not many customers and Defarge was outside, talking to a man in the street. His wife, Madame Defarge, sat inside the shop, knitting and watching. Defarge came in and his wife looked at him, then turned her eyes to look at two new customers, a man of about sixty and a young lady. Defarge went over to speak to them, suddenly kissed the young lady’s hand, and led them out of the back of the shop. They followed him upstairs, many stairs, until they reached the top. Defarge took a key out of his pocket.
“Why is the door locked？”asked Mr Lorry in surprise. “He is a free man now.”
“Because he has lived too long behind a locked door，” replied Defarge angrily.“He is afraid if the door is not locked! That is one of the things they have done to him.”
“I’m afraid，too，” whispered Miss Manette. Her blue eyes looked worriedly at Mr Lorry. “I am afraid of him—of my father.”
Defarge made a lot of noise as he opened the door. Mr Lorry and Lucie went into the room behind him. A thin, white­haired man was sitting on a wooden seat. He was very busy, making shoes.
“Good day，”said Defarge.“You are still working hard, I see.”
After a while they heard a whisper, “Yes, I am still working.”
“Come，”said Defarge.“You have a visitor. Tell him your name.”
“My name？” came the whisper, “One Hundred and Five, North Tower.”
《双城记》(节选)
在巴黎的一个名叫圣安东尼的地方，所有的人都很穷。街道狭窄肮脏，食品店几乎都是空的。孩子们的脸已显出老态，因为他们太饥饿了。得法热先生的酒店里没有多少顾客，得法热则在门外与街上的一个男人交谈着。他的妻子得法热夫人坐在店里一边织毛衣一边观察着周围。得法热走进店来，他的妻子看着他，然后就把眼光转过去盯着两位新来的顾客，他们是一位大约60岁的男人和一位年轻的女士。得法热走过去同他们说话，他突然吻起了那位小姐的手，接着领着他们从店铺后面走出去。他们跟着他上楼，爬了很多级楼梯，直到他们到达楼顶。得法热从兜里掏出一把钥匙来。
“为什么锁着门？”劳里先生惊讶地问。“他现在是个自由人了。”
“因为他在上了锁的房子里生活的时间太长了，”得法热气愤地回答说。“门要是不锁上他就会害怕！这是他们给他造成的恶果之一。”
“我也害怕，”马内特小姐低声地说。她那蓝蓝的眼睛忧心地看着劳里先生。“我害怕他——我的父亲。”
得法热开门时弄出了很多响声，劳里先生和路茜跟在他后面进了屋子。一个瘦削而头发全白的人正坐在一个木头凳子上。他在忙着做鞋子。
“您好，”得法热说。“我看您还在忙着呢。”
过了一会儿他们才听到一声嘟哝：“是的，我还在干着活。”
“瞧，”得法热说。“有人来看您了。告诉他您的名字。”
“我的名字？”嘟哝声传过来道。“一百零五，北塔。”