山西省部分市2021-2022学年高一上学期期末英语汇编：阅读理解专题（含答案）

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山西省部分市2021-2022学年上学期高一期末英语解析版试卷分类汇编
阅读理解专题
山西省太原市2021-2022学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题
三、阅读理解
Iceland is Europe's westemmost country,with the world's most northerly capital city. Reykjavik. Iceland has a population of about 340,000, spreading over more than 100,000 square kilometers. Despite its small size, there are many reasons to visit this amazing country.
City of Culture
Most visitors' first destination is Reykjavik, a small and clean city known for its colorful and stylish buildings. The city's downtown area is lined with shops, art galleries,cafes and bookstores. In 2000, Reykjavik was awarded the title of Europe's City of Culture, thanks to its art museums for true art lovers.
Hot Springs
Iceland has a number of hot springs around the island. All are heated naturally by underground volcanic activity. In fact, this energy is tumed into electricity, which powers and heats people's homes and businesses. As a result, Iceland burns very little fossil fuel, such as oil and gas. Iceland has some of the cleanest air in the world.
Caves and Monsters
In Iceland, one of the most popular outdoor activities to enjoy is caving. Exploring Iceland's special lava caves or ice caves is challenging and requires special clothes and hiking tools. The best-known ice caves are in Vatnajökull, which, at 8,000 square kilometers, is Europe's largest ice cave. Outside the town of Reykjavik, the huge rocks were once believed to be monsters. These are dramatic scenery on a magnificent black-sand beach.
The Golden Circle
No trip to Ieeland would be complete without a visit to the Golden Circle, which connects Gullfoss, the hot springs region of Geysir, and Thingvellir National Park. The Mid-Atlantic Fault that runs through Iceland is literally pulling the island apart. No place is more obvious than Thingvellir Valley, where the land is actually separating and the stony ground frequently changes.
21．What made Reykjavik win the name of Europe's City of Culture?
A．Its typical art museums. B．Its creative buildings.
C．Its special ice caving. D．Its dramatic scenery.
22．What contributes to Iceland's cleanest air according to the text?
A．Its geographical feature. B．The less need for electricity.
C．Plenty of fossil fuel. D．The use of volcanic energy
23．Which part of the Mid-Atlantic Fault can be most easily seen?
A．Gullfoss. B．Vatnajökull. C．Geysir. D．Thingvellir Valley.

Every summer,the beautiful singing of thousands of American swamp sparrows can be heard across North America's wetlands. These little brown birds may know just a few songs,but they know them well.
Like humans,baby swamp sparrows learn to communicate by copying adults from a young age.Swamp sparrows very rarely make mistakes when they learn their songs.Their copy is so accurate (精准的) that the music changes little between generations.This learning ability was thought to be special only to humans.Until recently,the research found the ability in other creatures was super cool.
Between 2008 and 2009, Lachlan's research can recorded the calls of 615 swamp sparrows.The research found that only 2 percent of them sang a different song from the standard tune (曲调).The accurate copy allows the birds to create traditions that last for centuries.The song-types that you hear in the woods of North America today may well have been there about 1,000 years ago
In the modern world of human beings. the little bird's ability in singing in the same tune is outstanding.Scientists are also exploring the influence of human's activities on songbirds. Man-made barriers-such as cities and roads - can break up a bird population into several separate groups.These barriers may prevent cultural interaction between the songbird populations,such as the exchange of song types.
24．What do we know about swamp sparrows from the text?
A．They like singing songs they hear.
B．Their songs change little for long.
C．Their singing differs from each other.
D．They sing songs better than humans.
25．How are the songbirds influenced by man-made barriers?
A．They will have a smaller population.
B．They may have less communication.
C．They can sing more different songs.
D．They make more mistakes in singing.
26．What can be the best title of the text?
A．Man and Nature B．A Bird Similar to Humans
C．Song Types of the Sparrows D．A Bird with a Musical Tradition
四、其他
Free solo climbing is a risky form of rock climbing where the climber makes the climb alone without ropes or any other protective things. In June 2017, Alex Honnold completed an ultimate free solo climb up El Capitan, a 3,000-foot wall in Yosemite National Park.
On a freezing November morning in 2016, Alex determined to take up a challenge-a free solo climb of the world’s most famous vertical（垂直的）cliff. Every step, he had to be extra careful to keep the balance. All the time he had to shine his headlamp on the cold, smooth part of stones to decide where he could next place his foot. Unlike parts of the climb higher up that Alex could climb with his strong fingers, this lower part he must manage with a perfect balance of fine skills and confidence.
Every move tied people’s hearts. The cameraman said. “Every time I got no response, I thought Alex was bailing. But it turned out that I was wrong-He was still moving on.”
More physically challenging parts wait for him to climb up with his feel and hands pressing the rock. The Free blast is the most frightening part. In 2016, after several failures, Alex knew he would try again. His foot tap-tap-tapped against the wall as if he was feeling his way into the huge rock, but he wouldn’t turn back this time. And then, he stood on the top and he made it!
People view free soloing differently. Critics regard it as risky, considering the long list of those who’ve died attempting it. Others, myself included, recognize it as the sport's truest expression. Such was the attitude of Austrian climber Paul Preuss, the father of free soloing. He believed that the spirit of mountain-climbing was to master a mountain with wonderful physical and mental skill.
27．Why is the headlamp mentioned in paragraph 2?
A．To prove how dark the environment is.
B．To indicate how risky the free soloing is.
C．To share the great pleasure of a solo climber.
D．To introduce the location of the mountain climber.
28．What does the cameraman mean by saying "Alex was bailing" in paragraph 3?
A．Alex was climbing.
B．Alex was giving up.
C．Alex was struggling.
D．Alex was being saved
29．What does Alex's experience in 2016 aim to tell readers?
A．A great dream is limitless.
B．Wisdom is better than force.
C．Gains can't make up for losses.
D．Strong will leads to a smooth path.
30．Why was the climb in 2016 a challenge for Alex"
31．What did Alex need to climb the lower part?
32．What does "turn back" mean in paragraph 4?
33．How does Paul Preuss feel about free soloing?
山西省大同市2021-2022学年高一上学期期末调研英语试题
一、阅读理解
If you are visiting New York City this year, don’t miss the events where you can taste food from different countries.
Chinatown Restaurant Week—March 14-30
Various meals will be offered for $18.88 per person at participating Chinatown restaurants such as Golden Unicorn, Nom Wah Tea Parlor, Red Egg and Shanghai Gourmet. Peking Duck House will offer a special at lunch only.
More Info.: www.Chinatownrestaurantweek.com
Malaysian Restaurant Week—June 18-24
Malaysian restaurants will offer various $ 20.12 meals while Asian-influenced restaurants will feature a special limited-time-only menu inspired by the country’s special flavors. Participating restaurants include Fatty Crab, Michelin-starred Laut, and Spice Market.
More Info.: www.Malaysiakitchennyc.com
Italian Restaurant Week—June 26-July 6
Celebrate New York City’s fifth Italian Restaurant Week—the Italian Dine Out, offering diners special 3-course menus for lunch and dinner. The 11-day event will offer discounted prices of $23 at New York City’s most authentic(真正的)Italian restaurants.
More Info.: www.Italianmade.com
Belgian Restaurant Week—July 21-28
This is your chance to enjoy tasty multi-course meals and some of the world’s finest beers. The Belgian restaurants in NY bring you amazing cuisines(菜肴)and great beers during a week-long celebration of Belgian food.
More Info.: www.Belgianrestaurantweeknyc.com
I’m sure you’ll have a great time during the events. Remember: don’t eat too much for the sake of your health.
1．Where should you probably avoid going to enjoy an $18.88 supper during Chinatown Restaurant Week?
A．Shanghai Gourmet. B．Nom Wah Tea Parlor. C．Golden Unicorn. D．Peking Duck House.
2．Which would you probably expect if you love eating at Michelin-starred Laut?
A．Belgian Restaurant Week. B．Italian Restaurant Week.
C．Malaysian Restaurant Week. D．Chinatown Restaurant Week.
3．Which of the following is a feature of the Belgian Restaurant Week?
A．Bringing you free Chinese food. B．Offering some of the world’s finest beers.
C．Having a special limited-time-only menu. D．Providing authentic Italian food.

A boy playing in the woods noticed a cocoon（茧）. While watching it, he suddenly found a small opening appeared, and that a butterfly struggled to force its body through that little hole. Then it seemed to stop making any progress. So the boy decided to help the butterfly.
He cut off the remaining bit of the cocoon so that the butterfly could come out easily. Much to his surprise, the butterfly got a swollen（鼓胀的）body but very small, weak wings when it came out of the cocoon.
The boy expected that the butterfly's body would grow smaller at any moment and the wings would enlarge and be able to support the body. But neither happened! In fact, the butterfly spent the rest of its life crawling（爬）around with a swollen body and small wings. It was never able to fly.
The boy was in his kindness, but he did not understand the nature rules. The struggle required for the butterfly to get through the tiny opening was the way of forcing fluid（流体）from the body of the butterfly into its wings so that it would be ready for flight once it achieved its freedom from the cocoon.
Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our life. If we go through our life without any difficulties, it would make us fail. We would not be as strong as we could have been. And we could never fly.
4．What did the boy see the butterfly doing in the first paragraph?
A．It was flying difficultly in the woods. B．It was trying to get out of the cocoon.
C．It was looking for food in a cocoon. D．It was busy making a cocoon for itself.
5．What would have happened to the butterfly without the boy's help?
A．The butterfly would come out easily. B．The butterfly could crawl on its wings.
C．The butterfly would prepare for the flight. D．The butterfly would never gain its freedom.
6．What is the best title for the story?
A．The struggle for freedom. B．A kind-hearted boy.
C．The joy of helping a butterfly. D．A lucky butterfly.

45-year-old performer Yang Jinlong drives to schools in Xi'an at 9 am and teaches students about Shaanxi kuaiban until 6 pm. Then, he returns home to prepare classes for the next day. On the weekends, he teaches for six hours each day at art education institutions（机构）. He thinks the art deserves（值得）whatever effort he pays.
Shaanxi kuaiban is a form of Chinese traditional storytelling in the Shaanxi dialect to the rhythm（节奏）of bamboo strips（竹板）. The art form can be traced back to the late Qing Dynasty. Now, more people, amateurs（业余的）and professionals alike, perform Shaanxi kuaiban on different occasions—for example, at parties and art shows.
Yang first learned this particular art of storytelling at the age of 9. Before that, he often went with his father, an amateur performer, to watch kuaiban performances. “As a young boy, I loved the art form because many of the stories are about heroes. The performer tells stories while playing kuaiban, and it's easy for the audience to remember the stories since all the lines rhyme（押韵）,” Yang said.
To promote the art, especially among young people, Yang made some innovations（创新）. He wore a suit while telling modern stories. Yang also integrated（融入）many pop elements like tap dance and the rhythm of popular music. He took on more modern topics, such as the stories of the Chinese Olympic team. He believes that art education is important for students in China.
7．What do we know about Shaanxi kuaiban?
A．It dates back to the Ming Dynasty. B．People perform it in Shaanxi dialect.
C．It was originally used by teachers for teaching D．It focuses on Chinese ancient literature.
8．Why was Yang Jinlong attracted to Shaanxi kuaiban as a child?
A．Because he liked stories about heroes. B．Because all the lines rhyme.
C．Because it was a way to earn money. D．Because he wanted to be like his father.
9．What did Yang Jinlong do to promote Shaanxi kuaiban?
A．He wore local clothes of Shaanxi. B．He told stories about superheroes.
C．He added pop elements to kuaiban performances. D．He performed Shaanxi kuaiban in Western countries.
10．Which best describes Yang Jinlong?
A．Talented and modest（谦虚的）. B．Patient and capable（有能力的）.
C．Humorous and responsible. D．Determined and creative.
山西省运城市2021-2022学年高一上学期1月期末调研英语试题
一、阅读理解
Do you want to explore the wild nature? If you want to make your approaching holiday more adventurous, pay a visit to these natural parks,which are unlike any trip you've ever taken before.
Pensthorpe Natural Park
Pensthorpe Natural Park is a perfect goldmine for anyone who is looking for somewhere to take the whole family in summer. The park was voted as England's Best Large Attraction 2014&2015. The 700-acre woodland park has a mass of public places and eco-play areas for kids.
Broads National Park
Broads National Park is one of the top attractions to England. Did you know the Broads are actually man-made? They were created by the flooding of peat（煤泥）workings but over the years have become a protected landscape（风景,景致）. They provide a home for more than a quarter of Britain's rare（珍稀的）plants and wildlife.
RSPB Titchwell Marsh Nature Reserve
Located bet ween two beautiful villages. RSPB Titchwell Marsh is a real heaven for bird lovers. Whether you're a bird-watcher or you simply love wildlife, you'll enjoy getting close to this area. Standing by freshwater and saltwater lakes, you can expect to see huge groups of birds flying in all day long. You can also choose watching hides to view wildlife in the distance.
Welney Wetland Centre
The UK's leading wetland charity provides one of the best places in the area to view birds in their natural living places and learn more about wetlands. Covering over 1,300 acres of wetlands, it's a perfect adventure-filled backyard. The centre offers bird and wildlife watching hides, play areas and lots of walks.
1．If you intend to take a family trip in summer， which one will be a good choice?
A．Broads National Park. B．Pensthorpe Natural Park
C．Welney Wetland Centre. D．RSPB Titchwell Marsh Nature Reserve
2．What can you do in Broads National Park?
A．View monkeys from hides. B．Visit the eco-play areas with kids
C．Observe the rare plants and wildlife D．Learn more about the wetlands.
3．What do RSPB Titchwell Marsh Nature Reserve and Welney Wetland Centre have in common?
A．They are both man-made. B．They are natural living places for birds
C．They are home to rarest wildlife in the world. D．They are England's best large attractions.

Once in a school, the girls started to leave kissing marks on the mirrors of the restroom Janitor（清洁工）was troubled by this because it was difficult for her to clean that. Janitor left notices on toilet walls asking the girls to stop leaving lipstick（口红）marks on mirrors but it didn't work.
Janitor went to the Headmaster and told him about the problem in the girls' restroom. Then, an announcement was made by the Headmaster for the girls to stop doing that, but the next day a lot more kisses would be planted on the mirror. It had become a bit of a game.
Seeing that the girls would not understand this in an easy way, the Headmaster thought of a creative way to solve this problem. Next day, a few girls representatives（代表）from each class were asked to meet the Headmaster at the restroom. When everyone came, the Headmaster said, "Thank you for coming. You all can see that there are several lipstick kisses on the mirrors in this restroom." Some girls smiled at each other secretly.
Then the Headmaster said, "As you all know, lipsticks are designed to stay on lips for long and that's why lipsticks are not easy to clean from mirrors. I would like you to see this and my hope is that when you see how hard to clean lipstick marks on the mirrors, you will take the responsibility to tell other girls not to do so." After this, Janitor came with a sponge（海绵块）cleaner, she put the sponge cleaner into the toilet bowl（抽水马桶）and then used that tool to clean one of the marks on the mirrors. Janitor smiled. Then, the girls left. feeling shocked and terrible.
4．What troubled Janitor when cleaning the restroom?
A．Girls' leaving notices on mirrors B．Girls' leaving lipstick marks on mirrors.
C．Headmaster's ignoring the trouble she met with. D．Headmaster's not being satisfied with her work.
5．Why were girls asked to go to the restroom by Headmaster?
A．To understand how hard to clean the marks B．To leave more lipstick marks on the mirrors
C．To think of a creative way to solve the problem. D．To clean the marks on the mirrors by themselves.
6．Which of the following best describes the Headmaster?
A．Strict and unkind B．Friendly and honest
C．Creative and responsible. D．Determined and narrow-minded
7．What can be inferred（推断）from the text?
A．Janitor would be sad and give up her job. B．Janitor would have more trouble in her work.
C．Girls would leave more lipstick marks on the mirrors. D．There would be no more lipstick marks on the mirrors.

From the functions and abilities provided by Artificial intelligence (AI人工智能), we have two different types of AI.
The first is weak AI. also known as narrow AI that is designed to perform a narrow task, such as Internet search or self-driving cars. Many currently existing systems which use “AI” are likely to work as a weak AI. Although this weak AI seems to be helpful to human living, there are still some people who think weak AI could be dangerous because weak AI could cause problems in electric grid (电网) when AI goes wrong.
The new development of the long-term goal of many researchers is to create strong AI, which is the intelligence of a machine that has the ability to understand or learn any intelligent task, thus helping people to settle the problem that they confront. Although narrow AI may work better than humans in some aspects, such as playing chess or solving math problems, its effect is still weak. Strong AI, however, could work better than humans at nearly every cognitive (认知的) task. Strong AI can be programmed to be a human mind, to be intelligent in whatever it is ordered to do. even to have beliefs that are usually only owned by humans.
Is AI really needed in human society? It depends. If human chooses a faster and more effective way to finish their work, yes, it is. However, if humankind is satisfied with natural way of living without other hopes, it is not. History tells us that human is always looking for something faster, easier, more effective and convenient to finish the task they work on; therefore, the pressure for further development encourages humankind to look for a new and better way of doing things, the process of which may be difficult, but it is meaningful.
8．Why could weak AI be dangerous?
A．Because it could cause inconvenience sometimes.
B．Because it is very narrow when it goes wrong.
C．Because currently existing weak AI is not practical.
D．Because it doesn’t work well when self-driving
9．What does the underlined word “confront” in Para 3 probably mean?
A．Debate B．Select. C．Contact. D．Face.
10．Which of the following is true about strong AI?
A．It can’t perform a narrow task well. B．It can’t play chess as well as humans.
C．It can be programmed to be a human mind. D．It can be programmed to complete all the tasks.
11．What’s the author’s attitude to AI in human society?
A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Unclear.

The year 2021 saw some important developments in the exploration of Mars as well as a rise in space tourism.
In February, NASA announced（宣布）that its Mars explorer. Perseverance. landed successfully on the Red Planet, whose mission（任务、使命）was to search for signs of ancient life.
Perseverance landed in an area of Mars called Jezero Crater. Scientists believe the area contains a large ancient lake bed. Scientists believe if life ever existed on Mars, it would have been present 3 to 4 billion years ago, when water flowed on the planet. Perseverance also carried to Mars a small experimental helicopter（直升飞机）named Ingenuity, which had successfully completed a takeoff and landing on the planet.
This year. both China and the United Arab Emirates（UAE）sent their first spacecraft to Mars.
In May, China announced that its Tianwen—I spacecraft had successfully landed on Mars after a seven-month trip. The spacecraft landed at Utopia Planitia. a large flat area in the northern half of the planet. The six wheeled explorer is studying the planet's surface soil and atmosphere in search for signs of ancient life. The UAE's Hope Probe spacecraft was sent to an extremely high orbit（轨道）above Mars to study the planet. Unlike other explorations, the UAE's project aims to study atmospheric conditions around Mars.
In July, British billionaire Richard Branson flew into space on a rocket plane built b Virgin Galactic. the space tourism company he founded. Branson joined two pilots on the flight. Virgin Galactic aims to fly private citizens to space to experience a few minutes of weightlessness and observe Earth. Over a week later. Amazon boss Jeff Bezos flew to space on a rocket built by his company. Blue Origin. The flights by Branson and Bezos officially created a new industry that promises any citizen the chance to visit space. Such trips will be costly. however. Virgin Galactic's price for a single flight is $250,000. Blue Origin has not announced its price.
12．Which of the following about "Perseverance" is true?
A．It found a water source in a lake. B．It landed at Utopia Planitia on Mars.
C．It found life present 3 to 4 billion years ago. D．It was designed to search for signs of ancient life.
13．What can we learn about the UAE's Hope Probe spacecraft?
A．It carried a helicopter to the Mars. B．It studied the Mars' surface soil.
C．It mainly studied the Mars' atmosphere. D．It landed on the Mars to do experiments
14．What can we infer about space travel from the text?
A．The common people can afford to travel to space.
B．The rich tend to show more interest in space exploration.
C．Space tourism is far too expensive to afford for the most.
D．Tourists can experience a few hours of weightlessness.
15．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Space Tourism is Appreciated by the Public
B．2021 Saw Advances on Mars and Rise in Space Tourism.
C．Space Exploration on Mars Shows Signs of Ancient Life.
D．2021 Saw Significant Technological Advances in IT.
山西省晋中市2021-2022学年高一上学期期末调研测试英语试题

一、阅读理解
People on the Move
Technology
Edgar Vargas, TransPerfect
Edgar Vargas brings nearly ten-year experience supporting large-scale business to TransPerfect as the new president of Business Department. With both buy-side and sell-side knowledge, Vargas brings various skills set to the TransPerfect team.
Advertising
Roy Massey, Version 2
Version 2, a leader in advertising technology, names Roy Massey Vice President, Head of Media Development. Roy considers participation and profitability(盈利能力)important. Previous leadership roles include Dentsu, AudienceX, PMI 5 Media Inc. and RCM Group.
Law
Jennifer Lieser, Kaplan Marino
White Collar Crinunal Defense Firm Kaplan Marino set up partnership with Jennifer Lieser. Jennifer practices white collar(白领)and complex criminal suits(诉讼), defending against various forms of Internet crimes. Jennifer brings unique point of view to each case and deals with matters with great skills as an experienced lawyer.
Public Relations
Kellie Hawkins, KEA
Kellie Hawkins has become a worker at KEA．She will run the company’s Health. Social Services and Education practice. Kellie served as COO for National Health Foundation before and managed the health and human services practice for the Hawkins Company. She holds degrees from Howard University and the University of Southern California.
1．What can we know about Edgar?
A．He is a beginner in large-scale business.
B．He is a COO for National Health Foundation.
C．He masters the skills of sales and purchasing.
D．He thinks highly of the willingness to make profit.
2．Who graduated from Howard University?
A．Edgar Vargas. B．Roy Massey.
C．Jennifer Lieser. D．Kellie Hawkins.
3．What do the four people have in common?
A．They all become leaders m new jobs.
B．They all do well in their working field.
C．They all have less working experience.
D．They all have a good knowledge of laws.

After his father was rushed to hospital for an operation, 18-year-old Yanatha Desouvre began to panic. So he did the one thing chat he knew would calm himself—writing.
“I'm so seared,” he started. “I don't know what I'll do if I lose my dad.” Over the next few weeks, Desouvre filled several notebooks writing about his worry as well as his happy memories with his dad - the jokes they'd shared, the basketball games they'd watched and so on. Some times Desouvre cried as he wrote. Often he laughed. “Writing allowed me to face my fear and my pen was a tool to reduce the pain,” says Desouvre.
He is not alone. A lot of research shows benefits of writing about a painful experience or difficult situation in a manner that psychologists refer to as “expressive writing”. They say it can strengthen the immune（免疫）system, help reduce pain, and improve mood, sleep and memory.
When asked about his first writing, Desouvre says it was when he was 12, he survived a shooting in a barber shop in Brooklyn. After it he had nightmares about it over the years, so he started writing about it, then kept going. It helped. He say, “You can't keep things bottled up; it will make you sick.”
Now he thinks of his expressive writing as a recording of what happened and what he's learned. He always starts with “the tough stuffs” and then writes about how he's grown from the experience. Last year, he wrote in a notebook, recording the stress of his study. But he's also written about what he has pained: being stronger. “My expressive writing gave me the courage to face ray fears,” Desouvre says. “And I believe it has helped me discover the hope I need to heal.”
4．What happened to Desouvre when his father was sent to hospital?
A．He was so frightened that he did nothing.
B．He watched a basketball game with his father.
C．He called his mother to tell her his father's illness.
D．He recorded something to free himself from anxiety.
5．What benefit can a person get from expressive writing?
A．More experience. B．A good manner.
C．A better memory. D．Different mood.
6．Why did Desouvre begin his first writing?
A．To recover from a shooting.
B．To become a famous writer.
C．To keep his secret of being sick.
D．To get rid of a terrible experience.
7．What does Desouvre regard expressive writing as?
A．A recording of gains and losses.
B．A willingness to become stronger.
C．A great tool to deal with difficult problems.
D．A good way to react properly to an accident.

Some people, regardless of what they lack—money, looks, or social connections—always show with energy and confidence. Even the most doubting individuals find themselves attracted with these lovely personalities. These people are the ones you turn to for help, advice, and companionship. You just can’t get enough of them, and they leave you asking yourself, “What do they have that I don’t? What makes them so attractive?”
The difference? Their sense of self-worth comes from within. Attractive people aren’t constantly searching for value, because they’re confident enough to find it in themselves. There are certain habits they pursue every day to keep this healthy view. Since being attractive isn’t the result of dumb luck, it’s time to study the habits of attractive people so that you can use them to your benefit.
Get ready to say “hello” to a new, more attractive you. Attractive people treat everyone with respect. Whether interacting with their biggest shoppers or a server taking their drink order, attractive people are unfailingly polite and respectful. They treat every one with respect because they believe they’re no belief than anyone else.
They follow the golden rule. One person loves public recognition, while another hates being the center of attention. The golden rule is to treat others as they want to be treated. Attractive people are great at reading other people, and they adjust their behaviors and styles to make others fell comfortable.
Bringing it all together, attractive people have simply perfected certain appealing qualities and habits that anyone can adopt as their own. They think about other people more than they think about themselves, and they make other people feel liked, respected, understood and seen. Just remember: the more you focus on others, the more attractive you’ll be.
8．Why are the people with lovely personalities different from you?
A．Because they show confidence and energy.
B．Because they maintain their healthy view.
C．Because they get along well with doubting individuals.
D．Bemuse they don’t lack money, looks, or social connections.
9．What does the underlined phrase “dumb luck” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Bad luck. B．Study habit.
C．Valuable belief. D．Good fortune.
10．What will an attractive person probably do when having dinner with his leader?
A．He will comfort his leader and the waitress during the dinner lime.
B．He will treat his leader properly and help the waitress when necessary.
C．He will make the leader focused when the leader prefers to stay alone.
D．He will just care about his leader rather than the waitress when ordering.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．The Intelligent People B．The Golden Rule
C．The Attractive Personalities D．The Different Qualities

Plastics are everywhere. Microplastics—the size of a sesame(芝麻)seed or smaller—have been found on top of mountains, at the bottom of oceans, in rivers and lakes, and in whales, birds, and fish.
It isn’t too difficult to imagine how all that plastic ends up in our bodies of fresh water. A piece of research has shown as much as 75% of it comes from the breakdown of larger consumer products made of plastic—such as bottles, bags, and fishing poles. Clothing made from wool is another cause, as the microbeads(塑料微粒)are found in some health and beauty products recently forbidden by the United States and Canada.
But even though we know there is too much plastic where it doesn’t belongs, there is a lot we still don’t know. For example, what impacts do those plastics have on living organisms? Do plastics build up in ecosystems(生态系统)? Can they travel through the air? And, given that we are all likely to use more plastics due to some measures, what lasting influence will that have?
That’s exactly what makes our experimental hikes area in Canada’s original northern forest so unique and perfect. The 58 lakes and their river basin that make up the world’s freshwater laboratory are at the top of the river basin and are not fed by any significant upstream sources. This means researchers can monitor the air and water in and around the lakes to determine how much plastic pollution already exists in remote lakes. It also means that with the whole-lake experiment by carefully and safely adding microplastics and closely monitoring the ecosystem, we will better understand the influences on the whole lake and food web that it supports.
Besides, we will do more research and believe it will help us discover how big an influence microplastics really have and what we can do to fix them.
12．How does the author develop Paragraph 2?
A．By presenting a fact. B．By giving examples.
C．By making a comparison. D．By listing numbers.
13．What’s the purpose of the experiment in Canadian lakes area?
A．To monitor the ecosystem.
B．To track the air and water of the lakes.
C．To support the whole lake and food web.
D．To understand the effects of microplastics.
14．What’s the author’s attitude to the research in the future?
A．Hopeful. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Uncaring.
15．What can we infer about the author from the text?
A．He’s a news reporter. B．He’s a published writer.
C．He’s a scientific researcher. D．He’s a professional designer.
山西省吕梁市2021-2022学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题
一、阅读理解
Backpacking Tour of China
Are you looking for an oriental adventure? Join our 9-day tour and explore China—a country famous for its delicious food, cute pandas and the longest wall in the world! Our China backpacking tour combines history and culture, exciting activities and popular sites.
Day 1—Hong Kong
•Start your adventure at the hotel
•Receive a full introduction from the tour leader
•Board a famous Chinese high-speed train to get to the mainland of China
Day 2 to 4—Chengdu
•Meet your new adventure leader
•Spend the afternoon learning some helpful Mandarin phrases at a free lesson
•Visit the lovable pandas at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding as they eat their bamboo shoots for breakfast
•Board the night train to Xi’an
Day 5 to 6—Xi’an
•Visit the unmissable Terracotta Warriors
•Cycle around the ancient city’s walls on a bike
•Explore the Bell and Drum Towers
•Experience a Chinese night out
Day 7 to 8—Hangzhou
•Head to the famous West Lake, a UNESCO Heritage Site
Take a boat to one of the islands
•Hike up to Jiuyao Mountain to see the impressive sunset
•Visit China National Tea Museum
Day 9—Macao
•Visit the historic center and spend time at the Venetian Macao Resort Hotel Travel across the sea on a high-speed ship back to Hong Kong, arriving at 20:30.
•Time to say goodbye at the hotel that you started at. Congratulations, you’ve completed your tour of China!
1．Where can you get a better idea of China’s tea culture?
A．In Xi’an. B．In Chengdu. C．In Hangzhou. D．In Hong Kong.
2．What can you do while staying in Chengdu?
A．Visit cultural heritage sites. B．Learn to communicate in Chinese.
C．Enjoy the beautiful sunset scenery. D．Go on a bike tour on the city’s walls.
3．How will you return to Hong Kong at the end of the journey?
A．By train. B．By plane. C．By subway. D．By sea.

Liu Xingwu, a primary school math teacher in Shiqian County, Southwest China’s Guizhou Province, usually goes to play basketball with his colleagues on the school’s rooftop playground instead of going straight home, as he used to do,
Liu started working at the school last autumn, which was established in 1996. Located in an old area of the county, and with a shortage of fund, it was hard for the school to increase its sports fields.
All 2, 600 students had to take their PE classes in the open space next to the teaching building before. What’s more, all collective activities were also held there before.
According to Gan Youjun, a PE teacher who has worked at the school for eight years, with all the students taking PE at the same time, they all had to cluster together, and as a result, there was no enough space for educational activities.
“Things changed this year. A public welfare foundation (福利基金会) in Shanghai and several other companies in Shanghai donated 590, 000 yuan to help us build a playground,” said school headteacher Zhang Yi. Zhang and his partners decided to build a rooftop playground because there was no other available (可用的) land, and they started the construction this summer vacation. The playground, containing two basketball courts, a football field, a plastic running track and a badminton court, as well as a throwing zone, came into use this September.
“The playground not only broadens the school’s sports facilities (设施), but also provides more fitness facilities for students and teachers, ”Zhang said. Liu usually plays basketball for one hour after school, “It makes me feel relaxed and ensures a better performance in class,” he said. In addition, Gan also found that his students’ interest in PE is much higher than before, since they now have better conditions and facilities.
4．What enabled the school to build a new playground?
A．A large piece of available land.
B．A large donation from Shanghai.
C．The headteacher and his partners’ donation.
D．The goal of making students much healthier.
5．What does the underlined word “cluster” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Crowd. B．Run. C．Grow. D．Pull.
6．What can be inferred about the new playground from the last paragraph?
A．It will fall out of use some day.
B．It limits students’ after-school life.
C．It will increase the school’s daily expenses.
D．It’s of great benefit to both teachers and students.
7．What is the best title for the text?
A．PE is very important to students
B．Welfare foundation funds a primary school
C．New playground does much good to a primary school
D．More kids are inspired to take part in sports in Guizhou

It was June 8, 1816 and it was early summer in Vermont, US. Yet, a wild winter snow-storm was going on. Nearly a foot of snow covered the fields which had been planted crops only weeks before. This storm would kill all of the crops. At the time, people struggled to understand what had caused the weather to change so wildly. It is only now, more than 200 years later, that scientists have finally solved the mystery. The cause of the extreme weather was an event that took place a year earlier and 10, 000 miles away. It all started with a volcano called Mount Tambora.
Mount Tambora sits on the island of Sumbawa, a beautiful land with rushing streams, gentle hills, and thick jungles, in Indonesia. Nobody had any reason to think the peaceful mountain was in fact a volcano. It had been asleep for centuries, but on April 5, 1815, Tambora woke up.
The first eruption shook the island and sent up streams of fire and ash. But that was nothing compared with what would come five days later, on April 10. The volcano exploded with a huge cloud of gas, fire and ash shot high into the sky. The day turned midnight black, but the mountain turned red as rivers of lava（岩浆）flowed down the mountain.
The eruption went on for more than three days, which instantly killed at least 12, 000 people living on and around Mount Tambora. Ash and lava ruined the island’s soil and poisoned its rivers and streams. Rice fields were destroyed. No fruits or vegetables would grow.
There were no fish to catch; almost every animal had been killed. The eruption of Tambora in 1815 was the deadliest and most powerful volcanic eruption in human history.
8．Why did it snow heavily in Vermont in the summer of 1816?
A．Vermont was located in the southern part of the earth.
B．Vermont had serious environmental pollution.
C．A faraway volcano erupted a year earlier.
D．A huge earthquake hit Vermont.
9．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To lead in the topic. B．To present an argument.
C．To introduce Vermont. D．To explain the cause of a volcano.
10．When did Mount Tambora start erupting?
A．On June 8, 1816. B．On April 13, 1816.
C．On April 5, 1815. D．On April 10, 1815.
11．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．The process of the eruption was made up of three stages.
B．Tambora asleep for centuries woke up in the end.
C．The eruption of Tambora broke a historic record.
D．The eruption of Tambora led to a terrible disaster.

When the UNESCO World Heritage Committee (WHC) met from July 16 to 31, 2021, they were tasked with addressing threats to some of the world’s most treasured sites of priceless natural and cultural heritage. Among the issues the committee must face is the growing threat that dams cause to some of the worlds most treasured World Heritage Sites.
A recent study found that over 500 dams under construction or planned worldwide would be built in protected areas, while dams threaten at least 80 World Heritage Sites. This number is only expected to grow as dam developers, faced with a reduction in the number of dam sites available, pursue increasingly reckless（不计后果的）projects such as the Batang Toru Dam, which experts say could lead to the extinction of the newly discovered Tapanuli orangutan（红毛猩猩）.
The increasing impact of dams on World Heritage Sites has caused a global outcry, most recently in the case of the Selous Game Reserve, a World Heritage Site recognized as a biodi-versity hotspot and one of the largest protected areas for African wildlife. The Tanzanian government’s decision to construct the Julius Nyerere Dam in the Selous led to an angry proposal from UNESCO to remove it from the list altogether.
Meanwhile, history is in danger of repeating itself in Laos, where the planned Luang Pra-bang dam threatens the historic city it’s named for Luang Prabang, the old royal capital was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1995. Despite this World Heritage status, the Mekong River, which flows through and is an important part of Luang Prabang’s history, culture, and way of life, is under threat. The Laos’ government is planning to build a dam, 25 kilometers upstream from Luang Prabang. Given the proposed dam’s size and location, the dam will have major environmental impacts on the river system and surrounding area.
12．Which was an unavoidable topic at the meeting of WHC in 2021?
A．The number of dams under construction or planned worldwide.
B．The growing threat that dams cause to World Heritage Sites.
C．The extinction of the endangered animals in the whole world.
D．The measures that some major countries governments took.
13．What can we know about Batang Toru dam?
A．It is a project in Tanzania. B．It blocks Mekong River.
C．It caused a global outcry. D．It could endanger a species.
14．What’s UNESCO’s attitude towards the construction of Julius Nyerere Dam?
A．Curious. B．Opposed. C．Interested. D．Thankful.
15．Which project is most likely to be under construction now?
A．Batang Toru Dam. B．The Selous Game Reserve.
C．Julius Nyerere Dam. D．Luang Prabang Dam.

参考答案
山西省太原市2021-2022学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题
21．A    22．D    23．D
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了冰岛这个神奇的国家为什么值得人们参观。
21．细节理解题。根据City of Culture部分最后一句“In 2000,Reykjavik was awarded the title of Europe's City of Culture, thanks to its art museums for true art lovers.(2000年，雷克雅未克因其面向真正艺术爱好者的艺术博物馆而被授予欧洲文化之城的称号)”可知，雷克雅未克因为它是典型的艺术博物馆赢得了欧洲文化之城的称号。故选A项。
22．细节理解题。根据Hot Springs部分“Iceland has a number of hot springs around the island. All are heated naturally by underground volcanic activity. In fact, this energy is tumed into electricity, which powers and heats people's homes and businesses. As a result, Iceland burns very little fossil fuel, such as oil and gas. Iceland has some of the cleanest air in the world. (冰岛岛周围有许多温泉。所有这些都是由地下火山活动自然加热的。事实上，这种能源被转化为电力，为人们的家庭和企业提供动力和热量。 因此，冰岛几乎不燃烧石油和天然气等化石燃料。冰岛拥有世界上最清洁的空气)”可知，冰岛由于火山能源的使用才拥有世界上最清洁的空气。故选D项。
23．细节理解题。根据The Golden Circle部分“The Mid-Atlantic Fault that runs through Iceland is literally pulling the island apart. No place is more obvious than Thingvellir Valley, where the land is actually separating and the stony ground frequently changes. (贯冰岛的大西洋中部断层实际上正在将该岛拉开。没有什么地方比Thingvellir山谷更明显了，那里的土地实际上是分离的，石头地面经常变化)”可知，大西洋中部断层的Thingvellir Valley最容易被看见。故选D项。
24．B    25．B    26．D

【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国沼泽麻雀，这是一种很会歌唱的鸟。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段“Swamp sparrows very rarely make mistakes when they learn their songs. Their copy is so accurate (精准的) that the music changes little between generations.”（沼泽麻雀学唱歌时很少出错。它们的复制非常精确，以至于音乐在几代麻雀之间几乎没有变化。）可知，沼泽麻雀的歌曲在很长一段时间内变化不大。故选B项。
25．细节理解题。根据第四段“Man-made barriers-such as cities and roads - can break up a bird population into several separate groups. These barriers may prevent cultural interaction between the songbird populations, such as the exchange of song types.”（城市和道路等人造屏障会将鸟类种群分成几个不同的群体。这些障碍可能阻碍鸣禽种群之间的文化互动，如鸣禽类型的交流。）可知，人造屏障会阻碍鸣禽种群之间的文化互动，使得它们之间的交流减少。故选B项。
26．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了沼泽麻雀，一种很会歌唱的鸟，所以“一种有音乐传统的鸟”可以作为文章标题。故选D项。
27．B    28．B    29．D    30．Because it was a free solo climb of the world's most famous vertical cliff.    31．Alex needed a perfect balance of fine skills and confidence.    32．It means “give up”./It means giving up.    33．He recognizes it as the sport's truest expression.

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了亚历克斯在一度3000英尺高的墙上挑战，完成了一次终极单人徒手攀爬。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段“Every step, he had to be extra careful to keep the balance. All the time he had to shine his headlamp on the cold, smooth part of stones to decide where he could next place his foot.”（每走一步，他都必须格外小心以保持平衡。他必须一直把头灯照在冰冷光滑的石头上，以决定下一步该把脚放在哪里。）可知，第二段提到头照灯是为了表明自由攀爬是非常危险的。故选B项。
28．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Every time I got no response”（每次我没有得到回应）以及“But it turned out that I was wrong-He was still moving on.”（但结果证明我错了，他还在继续前进。）可知，摄影师在没有得到回应的时候，以为亚历克斯放弃了，但事实证明亚历克斯还在继续前进，推测划线句子表示“亚历克斯放弃了”。故选B项。
29．推理判断题。根据第四段“In 2016, after several failures, Alex knew he would try again. His foot tap-tap-tapped against the wall as if he was feeling his way into the huge rock, but he wouldn’t turn back this time. And then, he stood on the top and he made it!”（2016年，在几次失败后，亚历克斯知道他会再次尝试。他的脚一次又一次轻扣墙面，好像他正在摸索着进入那块巨大的岩石，但这次他不会往回走。然后，他站在顶端，他成功了！）可知，亚历克斯经历了多次失败后，凭借坚强的意志，终于站在顶端，获得了成功，旨在告诉读者坚强的意志可以通往平坦的道路。故选D项。
30．考查细节理解。根据第二段“On a freezing November morning in 2016, Alex determined to take up a challenge-a free solo climb of the world’s most famous vertical cliff.”（2016年11月的一个寒冷的早晨，亚历克斯决定接受挑战——单人徒手攀登世界上最著名的垂直悬崖。）可知，2016年的攀登对于亚历克斯而言是一个挑战，是因为这是在单人徒手攀登世界上最著名的垂直悬崖。故答案为Because it was a free solo climb of the world's most famous vertical cliff.
31．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Unlike parts of the climb higher up that Alex could climb with his strong fingers, this lower part he must manage with a perfect balance of fine skills and confidence.”（不同于亚历克斯可以用他强壮的手指攀爬的更高的部分，这个较低的部分他必须在高超的技巧和自信之间取得完美的平衡。）可知，亚历克斯攀爬较低的部分时，必须在高超的技巧和自信之间取得完美的平衡。故答案为Alex needed a perfect balance of fine skills and confidence.
32．考查词句猜测。根据第四段“And then, he stood on the top and he made it!”（然后，他站在顶端，他成功了！）可知，亚历克斯获得了成功，所以上文表示“这次他不会往回走”，即他不会放弃。故答案为It means “give up”./It means giving up.
33．考查观点态度。根据最后一段“Others, myself included, recognize it as the sport's truest expression. Such was the attitude of Austrian climber Paul Preuss, the father of free soloing.”（包括我在内的其他人都认为这是这项运动最真实的表现。这就是徒手攀爬之父，奥地利登山运动员保罗·普劳斯的态度。）可知，保罗·普劳斯认为这是这项运动最真实的表现。故答案为He recognizes it as the sport’s truest expression.
山西省大同市2021-2022学年高一上学期期末调研英语试题
1．D    2．C    3．B
【分析】这是一篇广告。本文介绍今年要去纽约不可错过的不同国家的品尝食物活动。
1．细节理解题｡根据 “Chinatown Restaurant Week—March 14-30(唐人街餐厅周3月14-30日)”标题下“Various meals will be offered for $18.88 per person at participating Chinatown restaurants such as Golden Unicorn, Nom Wah Tea Parlor, Red Egg and Shanghai Gourmet. Peking Duck House will offer a special at lunch only. (参加活动的唐人街餐厅，如金麒麟、诺华茶馆、红蛋和上海美食，将提供每人18.88美元的各种餐食。北京烤鸭馆只在午餐时提供特价)”可知，3月14-30日唐人街餐厅周期间，北京烤鸭馆址在午餐时提供特价，而参加活动的唐人街餐厅只需要18.88就可以提供各种美食，应该避免去北京烤鸭馆。因此，在唐人街餐厅周期间，你应该享用18.88美元的晚餐，避免去D项“Peking Duck House.(北京烤鸭馆)”符合题意，故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据“Malaysian Restaurant Week—June 18-24(马来西亚餐厅周6月18-24日)”小标题下“Participating restaurants include Fatty Crab, Michelin-starred Laut, and Spice Market. (参与的餐厅包括肥蟹、米其林星级的劳特餐厅和香料市场)”可知，马来西亚餐厅周期间，参与的有米其林星级的劳特餐厅。因此，如果你喜欢在米其林星级的劳特餐厅用餐，你会期待的是C项“Malaysian Restaurant Week.(马来西亚餐厅周)”符合题意,故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据“Belgian Restaurant Week—July 21-28 (比利时餐厅周7月21-28日)”小标题下“This is your chance to enjoy tasty multi-course meals and some of the world’s finest beers. (这是您享受美味多道菜和世界上最好的啤酒的机会)”可知，比利时餐厅周的特色是提供世界上最好的啤酒。因此，以下是比利时餐厅周的特色的是B项“Offering some of the world’s finest beers.(提供世界上最好的啤酒)”符合题意，故选B项。
4．B    5．C    6．A

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文通过讲述一个人帮助蝴蝶破茧而出的故事，说明了生活中的拼搏是必须的。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“and that a butterfly struggled to force its body through that little hole.（一只蝴蝶挣扎着让自己的身体穿过那个小洞。）”可知这只蝴蝶正试图从茧中出来。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The struggle required for the butterfly to get through the tiny opening was the way of forcing fluid（流体）from the body of the butterfly into its wings so that it would be ready for flight once it achieved its freedom from the cocoon. (蝴蝶通过这个小开口所需要的挣扎是为了将体内的液体挤到翅膀上，这样当它从茧中解脱出来时，就可以准备好飞翔了。)”可知如果没有男孩的帮助，蝴蝶也会为飞行做好准备。故选C。
6．主旨大意题。根据文章主题段最后一段“Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our life. If we go through our life without any difficulties, it would make us fail. We would not be as strong as we could have been. And we could never fly.( 有时候，奋斗正是我们生活中所需要的。如果我们没有任何困难地度过我们的一生，它会使我们失败。我们就不会像以前那样强大了。我们永远飞不起来。)”可知本文在生活中奋斗是我们所需要的。C项：The struggle for freedom.（为自由而奋斗）故选A。
7．B    8．A    9．C    10．D

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了45岁的快板演员杨金龙。
7．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Shaanxi kuaiban is a form of Chinese traditional storytelling in the Shaanxi dialect to the rhythm（节奏）of bamboo strips（竹板）（陕西快板是一种用陕西方言以竹条打节奏讲故事的中国传统形式）”可知人们用陕西方言表演陕西快板。故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“As a young boy, I loved the art form because many of the stories are about heroes.（作为一个小男孩，我喜欢这种艺术形式，因为很多故事都是关于英雄的。）”可知杨金龙从小就被陕西快板吸引是因为他喜欢陕西快板讲关于英雄的故事。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Yang also integrated（融入）many pop elements like tap dance and the rhythm of popular music.（他还融合了许多流行元素，比如踢踏舞和流行音乐的节奏。）”可知他在快板表演中加入了流行元素。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“On the weekends, he teaches for six hours each day at art education institutions（机构）. He thinks the art deserves（值得）whatever effort he pays.（周末，他每天在艺术教育机构上6个小时的课。他认为这种艺术值得他付出任何努力。）”可知他是很坚定的；根据文章的最后一段Yang also integrated（融入）many pop elements like tap dance and the rhythm of popular music.（他还融合了许多流行元素，比如踢踏舞和流行音乐的节奏。）”可知他是有创新精神的。故选D。
山西省运城市2021-2022学年高一上学期1月期末调研英语试题
1．B    2．C    3．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几个值得参观的自然公园，去欣赏自然的美。
1．细节理解题。由第一个小标题的内容“Pensthorpe Natural Park is a perfect goldmine for anyone who is looking for somewhere to take the whole family in summer.”（彭斯索普自然公园是一个完美的金矿，适合任何想在夏天带全家去的地方的人。）可知，如果全家想在夏天度假，就可以选择Pensthorpe Natural Park。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。由第二个小标题的内容“They provide a home for more than a quarter of Britain's rare（珍稀的）plants and wildlife.”（它们为英国四分之一以上的稀有植物和野生动物提供了栖息地。）可知，在Broads National Park你能观察到珍稀动植物。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。由第三个小标题的内容“RSPB Titchwell Marsh is a real heaven for bird lovers.”（RSPB Titchwell Marsh 是鸟类爱好者的真正天堂。）和第四个小标题的内容“The UK's leading wetland charity provides one of the best places in the area to view birds in their natural living places and learn more about wetlands.”（英国领先的湿地慈善机构提供了该地区最好的地方之一，可以在自然生活的地方观察鸟类并了解更多关于湿地的信息。）可知，这两个地方都是天然的鸟类生活地。故选B项。
4．B    5．A    6．C    7．D

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记述了曾经在学校，女孩们开始在洗手间的镜子上留下口红印记。清洁工为此感到困扰，因为清理那些很难。校长知道此事以后，想出了办法，让女生以后再也不往镜子上留口红印的事情。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句可知“Once in a school, the girls started to leave kissing marks on the mirrors of the restroom Janitor（清洁工）was troubled by this because it was difficult for her to clean that.（曾经在学校，女孩们开始在洗手间的镜子上留下接吻的痕迹。清洁工为此感到困扰，因为清理那些很困难）”所以，清洁工打扫厕所时遇到的麻烦就是女孩留在镜子上的口红印。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句和第三句“I would like you to see this and my hope is that when you see how hard to clean lipstick marks on the mirrors, you will take the responsibility to tell other girls not to do so.（我希望你能看到这一点，我希望当你看到擦干净镜子上的口红有多难时，你会有责任告诉其他女孩不要这样做）”所以，女生被校长要求去洗手间，就是为了让女生明白清理这些痕迹有多难。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Seeing that the girls would not understand this in an easy way, the Headmaster thought of a creative way to solve this problem.（鉴于女孩们不会轻易理解这一点，校长想到了一个创造性的方法来解决这个问题）”可知校长是具有创造力的。根据第二段第二句“Then, an announcement was made by the Headmaster for the girls to stop doing that（然后，校长发出通知，要求女生们停止这样做）”可知校长是负责任的。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句和第三句“I would like you to see this and my hope is that when you see how hard to clean lipstick marks on the mirrors, you will take the responsibility to tell other girls not to do so.（我希望你能看到这一点，我希望当你看到擦干净镜子上的口红有多难时，你会有责任告诉其他女孩不要这样做）”，还有最后一段“After this, Janitor came with a sponge（海绵块）cleaner, she put the sponge cleaner into the toilet bowl（抽水马桶）and then used that tool to clean one of the marks on the mirrors. Janitor smiled. Then, the girls left. feeling shocked and terrible.（清洁工带来了一个海绵清洁剂，她把海绵清洁剂放进马桶，然后用那个工具清洁镜子上的一个痕迹。清洁工笑了。然后，女孩们离开了。感到震惊和可怕。）”，这几句话相结合，可推出这些女生以后不会在镜子留口红印了。故选D。
8．A    9．D    10．C    11．B

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。从人工智能提供的功能和能力来看，我们有两种不同类型的人工智能。文章介绍不同类型的 weak AI和strong AI。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Although this weak AI seems to be helpful to human living, there are still some people who think weak AI could be dangerous because weak AI could cause problems in electric grid when Al goes wrong.”（虽然这种弱人工智能似乎对人类生活有帮助，但仍然有一些人认为弱人工智能可能是危险的，因为弱人工智能可能会导致电网出现问题，当AI出错时。）可知，弱人工智能之所以会很危险，是因为它有时会造成不便。故选A。
9．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“helping people to settle the problem”（帮助人们解决问题）且the problem在句中作先行词，后面是that引导的定语从句，由此推知这里指AI解决人们“面对”的问题，confront意为“面对（Face）”。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Strong AI can be programmed to be a human mind, to be intelligent in whatever it is ordered to do.”（Strong AI可以被编程成人类的大脑，无论被命令做什么，它都会变得聪明。）可知，strong AI可以被编程成人类的大脑。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If human chooses a faster and more effective way to finish their work, yes, it is. However, if humankind is satisfied with natural way of living without other hopes, it is not. History tells us that human is always looking for something faster, easier, more effective and convenient to finish the task they work on; therefore, the pressure for further development encourages humankind to look for a new and better way of doing things, the process of which may be difficult, but it is meaningful.”（如果人类选择了一种更快更有效的方式来完成他们的工作，是的，它是。 然而，如果人类满足于没有其他希望的自然生活方式，那是不可能的。 历史告诉我们，人类总是在寻找更快、更容易、更有效、更方便的方法来完成他们的工作；因此，要求进一步发展的压力鼓励人类寻找一种新的和更好的做事方式，这一过程可能是困难的，但却是有意义的。）可知，作者对人工智能在人类社会中的作用持积极的态度。故选B。
12．D    13．C    14．C    15．B

【分析】这是一篇说明文，讲述2021年在Mars的探险和太空旅游的兴起中的一些重要发展。
12．细节理解题。由文章第二段“In February, NASA announced that its Mars explorer. Perseverance. landed successfully on the Red Planet, whose mission was to search for signs of ancient life.”（今年2月，美国宇航局宣布其火星探测器毅力号成功登陆这颗红色星球，其任务是寻找古代生命的迹象。）可知，Perseverance的任务是寻找古代生命的迹象。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。由文章第五段“Unlike other explorations, the UAE's project aims to study atmospheric conditions around Mars.”（与其他探索不同，阿联酋的项目旨在研究火星周围的大气条件。）可知，UAE's project 是为了研究火星周围大气层。故选C项。
14．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“The flights by Branson and Bezos officially created a new industry that promises any citizen the chance to visit space. Such trips will be costly. however. Virgin Galactic's price for a single flight is $250,000. Blue Origin has not announced its price.”（布兰森和贝佐斯的飞行正式开创了一个新的行业，向任何公民承诺有机会访问太空。这样的旅行会很昂贵。然而Virgin Galactic的单程机票价格为25万美元。Blue Origin尚未公布其价格。）可知，太空旅行是非常贵的，不是一般人能接受的。故选C项。
15．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“he year 2021 saw some important developments in the exploration of Mars as well as a rise in space tourism.”（2021年在Mars探险和太空旅游的兴起中看到了一些重要的发展。）可知，文章主要讲2021年在Mars的探险和太空旅游的兴起的一些情况。B选项“2021 Saw Advances on Mars and Rise in Space Tourism.”（2021见证了在Mars的进步和太空旅行的兴起）切题。故选B项。
山西省晋中市2021-2022学年高一上学期期末调研测试英语试题
1．C    2．D    3．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了公司里面四个部门的杰出人才。
1．细节理解题。根据Technology中的“With both buy-side and sell-side knowledge, Vargas brings various skills set to the TransPerfect team.(拥有投资和销售知识，Vargas将带TransPerfect team团队带来不同的策略)”可知，Vargas精通投资和销售。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据Public Relations中的“She holds degrees from Howard University and the University of Southern California. (她拥有来自霍华德大学的学位和南加利福尼亚大学的学位)”可知，毕业于霍华德大学的人是Kellie Hawkins。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第一部分“Edgar Vargas brings nearly ten-year experience(Edgar Vargas有10年的经验)”；第二部分“Version 2, a leader in advertising technology, names Roy Massey Vice President, Head of Media Development. (Roy Massey是媒体发展部的副总裁)”；第三部分“Jennifer brings unique point of view to each case and deals with matters with great skills as an experienced lawyer. (Jennifer有独特的视觉，作为一名有经验的律师可以处理棘手案件)”；第四部分“ She will run the company’s Health. Social Services and Education practice. (Kellie Hawkins将负责公司健康，服务和教育事宜)”可知，他们在各自领域都做得非常好。故选B。
4．D    5．C    6．D    7．A

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了Desouvre 的经历以及表达性写作对于他的帮助。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“ So he did the one thing chat he knew would calm himself—writing.（所以他做了一件他知道能让自己平静下来的事情——写作）”可知，当Desouvre的父亲被送进医院时，Desouvre写了一些东西以解除焦虑。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They say it can strengthen the immune（免疫）system, help reduce pain, and improve mood, sleep and memory.（他们说这可以加强免疫系统,帮助减轻疼痛和改善情绪、睡眠和记忆）”可知，一个人能从表达性写作中得到更好的记忆力。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“After it he had nightmares about it over the years, so he started writing about it, then kept going. It helped.（之后，他多年来一直做噩梦，所以他开始写这篇文章，然后继续写下去。这很有帮助）”可知，Desouvre 开始他的第一部作品主要是因为这能帮助他摆脱可怕的经历。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Now he thinks of his expressive writing as a recording of what happened and what he's learned. （现在他认为自己的表达性写作是对所发生的事情和所学到的东西的记录）”可知，Desouvre 认为表达性写作就是一种关于自己本身得与失的记录。故选A。
8．A    9．D    10．B    11．C

【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何培养具有吸引力的个性。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Some people, regardless of what they lack—money, looks, or social connections—always show with energy and confidence. Even the most doubting individuals find themselves attracted with these lovely personalities.(一些人，不管他们缺乏什么——钱，相貌或者社会关系——总是表现出活力和自信。即使是最怀疑的人也会发现自己被这些可爱的个性所吸引)”可知，拥有可爱个性的人和你不同是因为他们总是表现出活力和自信。故选A。
9．词义猜测题。根据第二段“There are certain habits they pursue every day to keep this healthy view. (为了保持这种健康的观点，他们每天追求某些习惯)”可知，这些吸引人的个性是长期坚持的结果，而不是靠好气。因此dumb luck的意思是“好运气”。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“Whether interacting with their biggest shoppers or a server taking their drink order, attractive people are unfailingly polite and respectful. They treat every one with respect(不管是和老板还是和服务员打交道，有魅力的人总是表现出礼貌和对人的尊敬。他们尊敬地对待每一个人)”可知，有魅力的人总是恰当地对待每一个人。因此B. He will treat his leader properly and help the waitress when necessary. (他将恰当地对待领导，有必要也会帮助服务员)符合题意。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“What makes them so attractive? (什么使他们如此吸引人)”以及最后一段“Just remember: the more you focus on others, the more attractive you'll be. (仅仅记着：你越关注其他人，你将越有吸引力)”可知全文在讲如何具有吸引力的个性。因此C. The Attractive Personalities(吸引力的个性)可知概括全文大意，适合做文章标题。故选C。
12．B    13．D    14．A    15．C

【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了塑料无处不在，作者以及其他研究者在研究塑料究竟有多大的影响。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“such as bottles, bags, and fishing poles（比如瓶子、袋子和钓鱼竿）”以及“as the microbeads(塑料微粒)are found in some health and beauty products recently forbidden by the United Slates and Canada.（比如塑料微粒在一些最近被美国和加拿大禁止的健康和美容产品中发现）”可知，作者主要是通过举例说明来写第二段的。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段的“And, given that we are all likely to use more plastics due to some measures, what lasting influence will that have?（而且，由于一些措施，我们都可能使用更多的塑料，这将产生什么持久的影响?）”倒数第二段中的“That’s exactly what makes our experimental hikes area in Canada’s original northern forest so unique and perfect. （这正是为什么我们在加拿大原始北部森林的实验徒步区如此独特和完美）”以及“It also means that with the whole-lake experiment by carefully and safely adding microplastics and closely monitoring the ecosystem, we will better understand the influences on the whole lake and food web that it supports.（这也意味着，通过谨慎、安全地添加微塑料并密切监测生态系统的整个湖泊实验，我们将更好地了解对整个湖泊及其所支持的食物网的影响）”可知，在加拿大湖区进行实验的目的是了解微塑料的影响。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Besides, we will do more research and believe it will help us discover how big an influence microplastics really have and what we can do to fix them.（此外，我们将做更多的研究，相信这将帮助我们发现微塑料真正有多大的影响，以及我们可以做些什么来修复它们）”可知，作者对未来的研究是充满希望的。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“This means researchers can monitor the air and water in and around the lakes （这意味着研究人员可以监测湖泊内外的空气和水）”以及最后一段中“we will do more research （我们会做更多的研究）”可知，作者是一名科学研究人员。故选C。
山西省吕梁市2021-2022学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题
1．C    2．B    3．D
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个为期九天的中国之旅，介绍了行程安排和特色等。
1．细节理解题。根据Day 7 to 8—Hangzhou部分中“•Visit China National Tea Museum(•参观中国茶叶博物馆)”可知，你在杭州可以更好地了解中国的茶文化。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据Day 2 to 4—Chengdu部分中“•Spend the afternoon learning some helpful Mandarin phrases at a free lesson(花一下午的时间在免费课程上学习一些有用的汉语短语)”可知，你在成都期间可以学习用中文交流。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“•Visit the historic center and spend time at the Venetian Macao Resort Hotel Travel across the sea on a high-speed ship back to Hong Kong, arriving at 20:30.(•参观历史中心，并在澳门威尼斯人度假酒店度过一段时间。乘坐高速船穿过大海返回香港，于20:30到达)”可知，旅程结束后，你将坐船返回香港。故选D。
4．B    5．A    6．D    7．C

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是上海的一个公益基金会和其他几家公司捐赠了59万元，帮助建造了一所小学建立操场及其意义。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Things changed this year. A public welfare foundation (福利基金会) in Shanghai and several other companies in Shanghai donated 590, 000 yuan to help us build a playground (今年情况发生了变化。上海的一个公益基金会和其他几家公司捐赠了59万元，帮助我们建造了一个操场。)”可知上海的一大笔捐款使这所学校得以建一个新操场。故选B。
5．词义猜测题。根据后句“and as a result, there was no enough space for educational activities. (因此，没有足够的空间进行教育活动。)”可知，他们不得不聚集在一起，“cluster”和“crowd”意思相近，意为“集中”。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The playground not only broadens the school’s sports facilities (设施), but also provides more fitness facilities for students and teachers(操场不仅拓宽了学校的体育设施，还为学生和教师提供了更多的健身设施)”可知，新操场对老师和学生都有很大的好处。故选D。
7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The playground not only broadens the school’s sports facilities (设施), but also provides more fitness facilities for students and teachers (操场不仅拓宽了学校的体育设施，还为学生和教师提供了更多的健身设施)”可知，文章主要讲解的是新操场对小学很有好处。故选C。
8．C    9．A    10．C    11．D

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章由1816年美国佛蒙特州夏季暴雪为切入点，介绍了在1815年4月5日，沉睡了几个世纪的坦博拉火山喷发了，成为了当时人类历史上最致命、威力最大的火山爆发。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段最后三句“It is only now, more than 200 years later, that scientists have finally solved the mystery. The cause of the extreme weather was an event that took place a year earlier and 10, 000 miles away. It all started with a volcano called Mount Tambora.”（直到200多年后的今天，科学家们才最终解开了这个谜。造成这种极端天气的原因是一年前发生在10000英里外的一个事件。这一切都始于一座名为坦博拉山的火山），可知1816年夏天佛蒙特州下大雪的原因是一年前，一座遥远的火山爆发了。故选C。
9．目的意图题。根据第一段最后两句“The cause of the extreme weather was an event that took place a year earlier and 10, 000 miles away. It all started with a volcano called Mount Tambora.”（造成这种极端天气的原因是一年前发生在10000英里外的一个事件。这一切都始于一座名为坦博拉山的火山），结合文章后文讲述了坦博拉火山的爆发及造成的伤害，可知第一段的目的是引出话题。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It had been asleep for centuries, but on April 5, 1815, Tambora woke up.”（它已经沉睡了几个世纪，但在1815年4月5日，坦博拉醒来了），可知坦博拉山开始喷发的时间是1815年4月5日。故选C。
11．段落大意题。根据文章最后一段“There were no fish to catch; almost every animal had been killed. The eruption of Tambora in 1815 was the deadliest and most powerful volcanic eruption in human history.”（没有鱼可捕；几乎所有的动物都被杀死了。1815年的坦博拉火山爆发是当时人类历史上最致命、威力最大的火山爆发。），可知该段主要介绍坦博拉火山的爆发导致了一场可怕的灾难。故选D。
12．B    13．D    14．B    15．A

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章举例说明了水坝对一些世界上最珍贵的世界遗产造成的威胁越来越大。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Among the issues the committee must face is the growing threat that dams cause to some of the worlds most treasured World Heritage Sites.”（在委员会必须面对的问题中，水坝对一些世界上最珍贵的世界遗产造成的威胁越来越大。），可知2021年WHC会议上，一个不可避免的话题是水坝对世界遗产造成的威胁越来越大。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话“This number is only expected to grow as dam developers, faced with a reduction in the number of dam sites available, pursue increasingly reckless（不计后果的）projects such as the Batang Toru Dam, which experts say could lead to the extinction of the newly discovered Tapanuli orangutan（红毛猩猩）.”（随着大坝开发商面临可用坝址数量减少的局面，继续进行巴塘托鲁大坝等不计后果的项目，预计这一数字还会增加。专家表示，巴塘托鲁大坝可能导致新发现的塔帕努里猩猩灭绝。），可知我们对巴塘土鲁大坝了解的是：它可能危及一个物种。故选D。
14．观点态度题。根据第三段最后一句“The Tanzanian government’s decision to construct the Julius Nyerere Dam in the Selous led to an angry proposal from UNESCO to remove it from the list altogether.”（坦桑尼亚政府决定在塞卢斯修建朱利叶斯·尼雷尔大坝，导致联合国教科文组织愤怒地提议将其从名单中删除。），可知联合国教科文组织对朱利叶斯·尼雷尔大坝的建设持的态度是：反对的。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段“The increasing impact of dams on World Heritage Sites has caused a global outcry, most recently in the case of the Selous Game Reserve, a World Heritage Site recognized as a biodi-versity hotspot and one of the largest protected areas for African wildlife. The Tanzanian government’s decision to construct the Julius Nyerere Dam in the Selous led to an angry proposal from UNESCO to remove it from the list altogether.”（水坝对世界遗产地的影响越来越大，这引起了全球的强烈抗议，最近的一个例子是赛卢斯禁猎区。赛卢斯禁猎区是世界遗产地，被公认为生物多样性热点，也是非洲最大的野生动物保护区之一。坦桑尼亚政府决定在塞卢斯修建朱利叶斯·尼雷尔大坝，导致联合国教科文组织愤怒地提议将其从名单中删除。），可知BC选项可排除；根据最后一段第一句“Meanwhile, history is in danger of repeating itself in Laos, where the planned Luang Pra-bang dam threatens the historic city it’s named for Luang Prabang, the old royal capital was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1995.”（与此同时，老挝的历史有重演的危险，计划中的琅勃拉邦大坝威胁着它以琅勃拉邦命名的历史名城，这座古老的皇家首都在1995年被列为世界遗产。），排除D。根据第二段第二句“This number is only expected to grow as dam developers, faced with a reduction in the number of dam sites available, pursue increasingly reckless（不计后果的）projects such as the Batang Toru Dam, which experts say could lead to the extinction of the newly discovered Tapanuli orangutan（红毛猩猩）.”（随着大坝开发商面临可用坝址数量减少的局面，继续进行巴塘托鲁大坝等不计后果的项目，预计这一数字还会增加。专家表示，巴塘托鲁大坝可能导致新发现的塔帕努里猩猩灭绝。），可知目前最有可能在建的项目是：巴塘土鲁大坝。故选A。