高考英语二轮复习语法专练专题十一构词法课件 (含解析)

这是一份高考英语二轮复习语法专练专题十一构词法课件 (含解析)，共29页。PPT课件主要包含了合成名词，其他形式的合成词等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考向分析构词法包括合成法、派生法、转化法、缩写和简写,名列高考大纲的语 法项目表之中,其中合成法和派生法是重点,特别是派生法,是每年高考 的高频考点之一,例如,形容词的副词形式、动词的名词形式、名词的 形容词形式等。
考点清单一、合成法单句改错1.(2017课标全国Ⅲ)But unlike her schl friends, 16-years-ld Sarah is nt spending half-term resting.   16-years-ld→16-year-ld   答案　16-years-ld→16-year-ld　在带有连字符的复合形容词中,名词 应用单数形式,故16-years-ld改为16-year-ld。
2.(2016课标全国Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-mnths-ld twin that had been rejected by its mther.three-mnths-ld→three-mnth-ld答案　three-mnths-ld→three-mnth-ld　复合形容词three-mnths-ld 使用错误,名词应用单数形式。3.Stephen Francis bserved eighteen-years-ld Shelly Ann at a track meet and was cnvinced that he had seen the beginnings f true greatness.   eighteen-years-ld→eighteen-year-ld   答案　eighteen-years-ld→eighteen-year-ld　在题干中,eighteen-years- ld错误,中间的名词years应用单数形式。
合成法是两个或两个以上的词按一定的规则合成一个新词的方法。这 样的词被称为合成词。1.合成形容词
二、派生法(一)形容词转换为副词单句填空1.(2017课标全国Ⅱ)Steam engines were used t pull the carriages and it must have been 　 fairly      (fair) unpleasant fr the passengers, with all the smke and nise.答案　fairly　空格处在句中作状语,修饰形容词unpleasant,故填提示词 的副词形式。
2.Dr. Barne was my dctr when I was a kid, and even thugh I was 　 prba-bly    (prbable) just anther patient t her, t me she was mre than just my dctr.答案　prbably　空格处在句中作状语,故空格处填副词prbably。3.(2015广东)　 Luckily     (lucky), he als had a cw which prduced milk ev- ery day.答案　Luckily　空格处作状语,用于修饰整个句子,故空格处填提示词 的副词形式。单句改错4.(2016课标全国Ⅰ)Instead, he hpes that his business will grw steady.steady→steadily 答案　steady→steadily　句尾的词在句中作状语,用于修饰动词,故 steady改为steadily。
1.派生法是在词根上添加后缀或前缀来变成新单词的方法,这样构成的 单词被称为派生词。添加后缀往往改变词性,而添加前缀往往改变词义。2.形容词转换为副词的常用后缀:
[温馨提示]1.注意以下形容词变副词的拼写whle—whlly 完全地　　shy—shyly害羞地dry—dryly干燥地　　gd—well 好地2.注意以-ly结尾的形容词friendly友好的　　lvely 可爱的lively生动的　　lnely 孤独的deadly致命的　　mnthly每月的yearly每年的　　daily每日的weekly每周的
(二)形容词转换为名词单句填空1.In additin t their simple beauty, what makes the adbe dwellings ad- mirable is their 　 ability    (able)t “air cnditin” a huse withut using electric equipment.答案　ability　结合空前的形容词性物主代词their可知,空格处应填名 词ability。2.The line has a 　 length     (lng) f 174 km as a duble tracked passenger dedicated line, with ten statins situated alng its rute.答案　length　根据空前的冠词可知,空格处应该填提示词的名词形 式。
3.(2017河北衡水中学高三小二调)Nw there is a resurgence (复苏) in its 　 ppularity      (ppular) in the UK and it is available t anyne wh can affrd it.答案　ppularity　根据空前的形容词性物主代词its可知,空格处填名 词ppularity。4.(2017黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中高三月考)Only in this way can we enjy the pleasure and 　 cnvenience      (cnvenient) f nline shpping withut the cncern f being cheated.答案　cnvenience　空格处在句中作宾语,结合空前的pleasure可知,空 格处填名词cnvenience。
形容词变名词的常用后缀:
(三)动词转换为名词单句填空1.(2017课标全国Ⅲ)She is determined t carry n with her 　 educatin      (educate).答案　educatin　空格处在句中作宾语,结合空前的定语her可知,空格 处应填写提示词的名词形式。2.(2017课标全国Ⅱ)This develpment was nly pssible with the intrductin   (intrduce) f electric-pwered engines and lifts.答案　intrductin　根据空前的定冠词the和空后的介词f可知,空格处 应该填名词intrductin。
3.Magically, that shw remains the Great Jasn’s best 　 perfrmance      (perfrm) t this day.答案　perfrmance　根据空前的定语best可知,空格处应该填写名词 perfrmance。4.(2016课标全国Ⅱ)Then, handle the mst imprtant tasks first s yu’ll feel a real sense f 　 achievement     (achieve).答案　achievement　根据空前的f和语境可知,此处为常用短语“a sense f achievement”,意为“成就感”,故空格处填提示词的名词形 式。
动词变名词的常用后缀:
(四)动词转换为形容词单句填空1.(2017课标全国Ⅰ)Hwever, be 　 careful    (care) nt t g t extremes.答案　careful　空格处作表语,结合空后的不定式可知,空格处填形容 词。故填careful。2.I gave him a quick hug and went back int the seating area, leaving him with a 　 surprised      (surprise) smile.答案　 surprised 　空格处在句中作名词smile的定语,结合语境可知,空 格处填surprised。
3.While there are 　 amazing    (amaze) stries f instant transfrmatin, fr mst f us the changes are gradual and require a lt f effrt and wrk, like cleaning up a plluted river.答案　amazing　空格处在句中作定语,用于修饰名词stries,故填amaz- ing。
1.动词转换为形容词的常用后缀:2.分词形容词化:anny,disappint,frighten,terrify,wrry等使役性动词的 现在分词和过去分词可作为形容词使用。现在分词构成的形容词常用 于物,过去分词构成的形容词常用于人,而修饰与人有关的表情、眼 神、声音等时,常用过去分词构成的形容词。
(五)名词转换为形容词单句填空1.(2017课标全国Ⅱ)The Central Lndn Railway was ne f the mst      successful     (success) f these new lines, and was pened in 1900.答案　successful　根据空前的the mst和语境可知,此处为形容词最高 级,故填提示词的形容词形式。
2.(2015课标全国Ⅱ)As 　 natural    (nature)architects, the Puebl Indians fig- ured ut exactly hw thick the adbe walls needed t be t make the cycle wrk n mst days.答案　natural　空格处在句中作定语,修饰名词architects,由此结合语境 可知,空格处填形容词natural。
单句改错3.(2017课标全国Ⅲ)I enjyed studying difference kinds f cars and planes, playing pp music, and cllecting the latest music albums.   difference→different   答案　difference→different　根据后面的kinds f和语境可知,此处应用 形容词作定语,故difference改为different。
名词转换为形容词的常用后缀:
三、转化法转换法指的是单词在词形不变的情况下,由一种词性直接转换为另外一 种词性的方法。
四、缩写和简写缩写和简写指的是通过缩写或简写的形式来构成单词的方法。这一方 法通常被称为缩略法;另外,通过这一方法所构成的单词特点是读音和 拼写发生了变化,但是词义和词性均保持不变。