【同步练习】译林版初三英语上册 Unit 7 Films（单词语法讲义）

这是一份【同步练习】译林版初三英语上册 Unit 7 Films（单词语法讲义），共9页。试卷主要包含了 adventure n， nvel n， sympathy n， humrus adj， survey 及物动词，意为，rest 名词，意为，pity名词，意为， silence n等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Unit7 知识考点—单词语法讲义
★重点短语
have a rest 休息一下 in silence 沉默地
think of 想象到 after a while 过了一会
come along 出现 turn sth over 使翻转
what a pity 真可惜 trick sb into doing sth 诱使某人做某事
go on doing 不停地做
★重点单词讲解
1. adventure n.[C]冒险；冒险经历 I wish to hear the details of your adventure.
adj. adventurous 爱冒险的 adventurer n. 冒险者
2. novel n.小说 novelist n.小说家
He spent two whole years writing the novel.
3. congratulations n.祝贺；恭贺 congratulation on… 祝贺…;恭贺…
Congratulations on your success. 祝贺你成功。
congratulate v.祝贺
4. sympathy n.同情 have sympathy for… 对……表示同情
I have much sympathy for those homeless people.
5. humorous adj. 滑稽有趣的；有幽默感的
The film is both humorous and moving.
humor/ humour n.幽默 a sense of humor 幽默感
6. survey 及物动词，意为：查看，审视
【拓展】 survey 作动词，还可意为：调查；作名词，意为：调查，测量
7.progress 不可数名词，意为：进展
make progress 取得进展 make great progress取得很大进步
练一练：
(1)He （make） great progress in English since he came into the college.
8.rest 名词，意为：休息 have/take a rest 休息一下
rest作名词，还意为：剩余部分，余下的人或物 the rest of 剩余的....
rest也可作动词，意为：休息
The workers stopped to have a rest. We rested for an hour after lunch.
The rest of the apples have gone bad.
9.pity名词，意为：可惜，遗憾 近：shame 遗憾
The pity is that you are not a prophet.
It is a great pity that all students in the city cannot have the same chances.
【拓展】 pity还可做不可谓数名词，意为：怜悯，同情心
take pity on sb.同情某人I felt pity for the poor old man.
10. silence n.沉默；缄默；寂静 adj. silent 安静的 adv. silently 安静地
in silence 意为：沉默地，无声地
The students are waiting for their teacher in silence.
11. deal n.交易 [短] make a deal 达成协议 [口语] No deal! 没得商量！ That’s a deal! 成交！
v. (dealt, dealt) 应付；处理 [短] deal with 处理；应付
I’ll try to make a deal with him.
12. celebrated adj.著名的；闻名的 近：famous/ well-known adj.著名的
He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.
13. lazy adj.(lazier, laziest) 懒惰的 [反] hard-working adj.勤奋的
派：lazily adv.懒惰地 laziness n.懒惰
14. pretend v.假装；佯装 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
Please don’t pretend that you know everything.
★重难点讲解
1.On Saturday morning,every boy in the town was happy,except Tom Sawyer.
except在此处用作介词，意为：除......之外，表示同类事物之间的关系，不能放在句首。其后可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语和动词不定式。
We have classes every day except Sunday.
辨析：except, besides, but与except for
except
除去...,除...之外
强调从整体中除去部分，except后面的部分不包括在整体内。
besides
除...之外还有
强调除去一部分还有另外一部分，besides后的部分包括在整体内。
but
除了
多与on one, nobody, all, who等连用，其余情况下可与except互换。
except for
除去...之外
表示对一个人或者事物先进行一个整体评价，再就局部或细节提出看法或修正，前后不同类。
练一练：
1） Everyone was tired _________ John. 除了约翰之外，大家都累了。
2） You can come any day _________ Thursday. 除了周四以外，你哪天来都行。
3） The street was empty ____________ a few cars. 除了几辆汽车外，这条街空空荡荡的。
4） We have lots of things in common __________ music. 除了音乐以外，我们还有很多共同点。
5） I know nothing about him __________ that he lives next door.
2.Tom began to think of the games that he wanted to play.
think of 意为：想象到，想出，考虑。后面接名词、代词或动名词。
Can you think of any other way to do it? We’re thinking of moving house.
【拓展】think of 还可意为：认为
What do you think of the film? = How do you like the film?
相关短语：think about 考虑 think over 仔细考虑
3.He knew the boys who were free would soon come along and make fun of him.
come along 意为：出现，来到
Do you want to come along? Take any job opportunity that comes along.
There's a barbecue tonight and you're very welcome 今晚有个烧烤野餐，非常欢迎你一起来。
4.He picked up his brush and went back to work.
pick up 意为：拾起，捡起
He picked up his cap from the floor .
【拓展】pick up还有“（开车）接/取，搭载；（不费力/无意）学会，获得”之意。
5.What a pity! pity 近义词：shame n.遗憾
感叹句: what+a/an+可数名词单数
拓展：what/how 引起的感叹句：
(一)由 what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：
(1). 可用句型：“ What + a/an ＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。
What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！
(2). 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！”。
What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！
(2). 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！”。如：
What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！
(二)由 how 引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种：
(1).可用句型：“ How ＋形容词 / 副词＋主语＋谓语！”。如：
How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！
(2). 可用句型：“ How ＋形容词＋ a/an ＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。
How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！
(3). 可用句型：“ How ＋主语＋谓语！”。如：
How time flies! 光阴似箭！
6.Does a boy get a chance to paint a fence like this every day?
chance此处用作名词：机会,可能性
take a chance 冒险，碰运气
have/get a chance to do sth. 有机会做某事
Don't take a chance to cheat in the exam.
7.Then he went on painting.
go on doing sth.意为：不停地做某事，继续做某事
近义短语：continue doing sth= continue to do sth.继续做某事
go on to do sth.意为：接着做另一件事
go on with sth.意为：继续做某事 （前后做同一件事，但中间有暂停情况）
8.After a while, he said, “Tom, will you let me do some painting?”
1)while 在此处用作名词，意为：一会儿，一段时间
2)do some painting
该短语中v-ing为动名词，这是一个常见的固定结构。
例如：do some cleaning do so shopping do some cooking
9.Aunt Polly warned me to do it well.
warn动词，意为：警告，提醒
warn sb. of /about sth. 警告某人某事
warn sb. (not) to do sth.
They warned him of the dangers of sailing alone.
练一练：
(1).He warned me (not,tell) others his secrets.
(2).The public to be careful of false appeals. 但广大民众已被提醒要小心虚假的声援。
10.I’ll give you half my apple.
half 此处用作形容词，意为：一半的。一般放在冠词，物主代词或指示代词之前。
Half the workers come from Shandong.
【拓展】
1）half还可做名词，意为：一半。
2）half of...意为：半数的
11.Without making a noise or sound.
without介词,意为：无，没有。后接名词，代词或动名词。
Fish can’t live without water. He left without saying a word.
12.trick other boys in doing the work for him.
trick 此处用作动词，意为：欺骗，哄骗
trick sb. into doing sth.诱使某人做某事
They tricked me into making a great mistake.
【拓展】trick作名词，意为：诡计，花招
play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人
13.The cave looked like a frozen waterfall.
frozen形容词，意为：被冻结的，被冷却的
freeze动词，意为：冻结，结冰
freezing形容词，意为：冰冻的，严寒的
14.so he took Becky’s hand to hurry her away,but one of the bats followed and put out
Becky’s candle with its wings..
1）hurry away 意为：匆忙离开
I must hurry away to catch the train.
2) put out 意为：扑灭，熄灭
We put out all the ship's lights.
Careless people forget to put out their barbecue fires.
15. ......and at last they got away from the bats.
get away from 意为：逃离，远离

Grammar定语从句的用法
关系代词的用法；
在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose。
【图示】

考向一: 定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
考向二: 定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
考向三: 关系代词的基本用法

作主语
作宾语
作定语
指人
who/that
who/whom/that/省略
whose
指物
which/that
which/that/省略

The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。
The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。
【典例】I don’t know the teacher ______________ is talking with Miss Wang.
A. what B. whom C. which D. who
【注意】1. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。
He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。
He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。
2. 通常在以下六种情况下只能用that而不能用which：
（1）先行词为all，much，something，everything，nothing，little，none，the one等代词时。
That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。
【典例】—Is that all?
—Yes. That’s all ______________ I want to take.
A. which B. that C. who D. whose
（2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.。
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
This is the most wonderful film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最精彩的电影。
Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me. 看这些苹果。你能看到你给我的那两个。
（3）以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
（4）先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。
（5）先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。
We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
（6）先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。
It’s a book that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的书。
（7）主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which。
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
3. 关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：
（1）先行词为that， those时，用which，而不用that。
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
（2）关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
（3）引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
考向四: ＂介词+关系代词＂引导的定语从句
要掌握＂介词+关系代词＂引导的定语从句，我们要注意以下五点：
1. 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的＂介词+关系词＂结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
→This is the house where I lived two years ago.
这就是我两年以前住过的那间房子。
2. ＂介词 + which / whom＂构成的定语从句。
介词后只能用which/whom，不用who/that，但当介词放在后面时，在限制性定语从句中，可用that代替which / whom，并且that可省略。在非限制性定语从句中只能用关系代词which/whom。
我向你请教的那个问题现在已经解决了。
【误】The problem about that I consulted you has now been solved. （错）
【正】The problem about which I consulted you has now been solved. （对）
【正】The problem I consulted you about has now been solved. （对）
3. ＂名词+ 介词+which / whom＂引导的定语从句
We had a meeting the purpose of which was completely unclear.
我们开了一个会，会议的内容还不完全清楚。
4. 在非限制性定语从句中，of which / whom 可用来修饰不定代词 all, each, one, many, much, more, most, any, some, a few, a little, none, both, several, enough, the latter, the former等。
There are 103 elements found in nature, most of which are metals.
自然界中发现了103种金属元素，大都是金属。
5. ＂介词+ which +名词＂引导的定语从句。
which是一个代表所有关系的关系代词，可用来代表一个名词/代词或句子的一部分，但更多的是来代表整个句子。其中的名词通常是一个抽象名词，如：case, fact, state, time, point等。
He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.
他可能要迟到，因此我们应该等他。
方法技巧
一、定语从句
定从分类有奥妙，限与非限看逗号；
定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜；
定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系。

二、关系代词
关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破；
which表物人用who，人物都有that顾；
which用在逗号后，意表前句你要know；
who作主语很称职，whom用到宾语里。

三、that用法
that用法真有趣，两个地方它不去；
逗号后边它不去，介词之后不考虑。

四、that和which的区别
that which代表物，区别听我来叙述；
先行若是不定代，that就把which踹；
先行词前有两数，就用that定无误；
先行词前最高级，还用that必无疑；
句中若有there be，that应把which替；
先行主中作表语，避免重复从句里；
just， the only，very，same，last其后也要用that。

五、指人的关系代词
指人可用that, who，以下情况多用who；
those people作先行，there be的结构中；
先行指人不定代，从中作主who要在；
两个定从一起来，不要重复你有才。

六、whose的用法
定从之中少定语，whose为你唱一曲；
whose指人又指物，所属关系要记住。

七、as和which的区别
as/which在句末，若有否定as错；
句首只能用as，还有认知猜想词；
固定结构用as, the same/such/so/as；
so/such...that宾不离，so/such...as...宾要弃。
八、关系代词用法总结
关系代词到这里，主宾表定作用起；
关系代词作宾语，省与不省全靠你。

九、特殊情况
只记上边不可以，特殊情况告诉你；
先行用way作状语，in which/ that /略可以；
one of +复作先行，从中谓语复数明；
one前若有only/very，从中谓语定用单；
定从名从可转换，all that被what换。

随堂练习：
1. —What are you looking for?
—I’m looking for a book _______________ tells the history of England.
A. which B. who C. what D. where
2. —What are you doing?
—I’m reading the book _______________ you lent me last week.
A. what B. who C. when D. that
3. —Why do you call him Mr. Knowledgeable?
—Because he knows almost everything _______________ we want to know.
A. which B. what C. that D. who
4. —I heard that Shao Yifu passed away.
—Yes, he is a great man _______________ donated billions of dollars to charity, schools and hospitals.
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
5. No one knows _______________ in the future.
A. what will be happen B. what will happen
C. what will it happen D. what it will happen
6. He always forgets all the things _______________ he needs to do.
A .what B. that C. what D. which
7. —In a text message, 88 means Bye-bye.
—And another example is F2F _______________ stands for face to face.
A. that B. who C. whom D. it
8. After Mandela was free(自由的) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people _______________ wanted to kill him.
A. whose B. which C. / D. who
9. The book in _______________ I have much interest now is Around the World in Eighty Days.
A. that B. who C. which D. whose
10. He always forgets all the things _______________ he needs to do.
A .what B. that C. that what D. which
11. The book in _______________ I have much interest now is Around the World in Eighty Days.
A. that B. who C. which D. whose
12. This is the room in I used to live.
A. which B. why C. who D. when
13. He showed me around the school he studied three years ago.
A. that B. when C. in which D. there
14. He is the teacher class we all like.
A. when B. who C. whom D. whose
15. —Please tell me something about Yang Liwei.
—He is a great astronaut of all the Chinese are proud.
A. that B. whose C. who D. whom
16. The famous basketball star, ______________ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where B. when C. which D. who
17. Have you seen the film Titanic, ______________ leading actor is world famous?
A. its B. it’s C. whose D. which
18. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ______________ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
19. She heard a terrible noise, ______________ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
20. I shall never forget the day ______________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ______________ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; which B. that; which C. which; that D. when; that
21.The book __________ I read last night was fantastic.
A. that B. what C. whose D. who
22. Mr. Brown is a teacher __________ is strict with all is students.
A. which B. who C. where
23.—Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth(流浪地球) ?
—Yes. It’s the best one __________ I have ever seen.
A. that B. which C. what D. it
24. Wang Yangming is a great educationalist __________ developed most of his thoughts in Xiuwen.
A. which B. what C. who
25. The book __________ was written by him is very interesting.
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
26. My mother doesn’t like stories __________ have sad endings.
A. that B. who C. where D. those
27.—Frank, look! Who are the children under the tree __________ waiting in a line?
—They are the students from No. 1 Primary School.
A. that are B. where are C. which is D. who is
28. Sitting down after a walk is relaxing. But would you like to sit on a seat __________ tell you your weight?
A. / B. who C. whom D. that
29. On Monday April 15， 2020， the fire __________ broke out in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris shocked the world.
A. that B. who C. where
30.—Hey, Anna, would you like to see The White Storm with me?
—You mean, the new police story __________ was filmed by Chen Musheng.
A. who B. what C. whose D. which
模拟检测：
一、单项选择。
1.I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school _______________ I met in the English speech contest last year
A. whom B. whose C. which D. where
2. Every time I go to ask him for help, he always says, ＂There’s nothing _______________ I can do for you. Go to ask somebody else.＂
A. that B. which C. what
3. The earth is the only planet _______________ provides us with everything we need. It’s our duty to protect it.
A. who B. what C. that
4. She is talking about the school and teachers _______________ we visited last month.
A. who B. which C. where D. that
5. It is the school rooftop _______________ a group of Shanghai students have grown vegetables.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
二、用适当的关系代词填空。
1. This is the house in I lived ten years ago.
2. The man from I borrowed the book is Li Lei.
3. This is the car for he paid fifty thousand dollars.
4. He was surprised at you said to him yesterday afternoon.
三、用适当的介词填空。
1. Do you like the book which she paid $10?
2. Do you like the book which she learned a lot?
3. Do you like the book which she often talks?
4. The library which students often study was on fire last night.
5. The reason which he didn’t come was that he was ill.
6. I’ll never forget the time which I lived in the countryside.
7. The woman whom Spielberg is married is an actress.
8. She didn’t know the teacher whom I turned for advice.
9. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest which is the Yellow River.
四、同义句转换。（每空一词）
1. He is a good comrade with whom you can work.
He is a good comrade ______________ ______________ ______________.
2. The meeting, which was held in the park, was attended by 1,000 people.
The meeting was attended by 1,000 people, ______________ ______________ was held in the park.
3. I don’t like the boy, since he is very lazy.
I don’t like the boy, ______________ is very lazy.
4. Last month part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods and people are still suffering from its effects.
Last month part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, ______________ ______________ effects people are still suffering.
5. Small computers need small amount of power. That means you use less electricity.
Small computers need small amount of power, ______________ means you use less electricity.
五、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句。
1. The fan is on the desk. You want it. _____________________________________________________________________
2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. The students will not pass the exam. They don’t study hard.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it. _________________________________________________________________
11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.
_________________________________________________________________
12. That’s the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.
________________________________________________________________________
13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.
___________________________________________________________________________
14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework haven’t been handed in.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.
___________________________________________________________________________
16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.
____________________________________________________________________________
19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________