【备战2023高考】英语全复习——专题14：阅读理解细节题 -精讲精练（上海用）

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►专题14 阅读理解细节题高分技巧+高考题型组合练
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考点精讲







【考情链接】
细节理解类在高考阅读卷中占相当大比例，这类题考查对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解，要求在快速阅读文章的同时，能从中获取某些特定的信息。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该类题的关键。谓语动词的时态、语态是高考的必考重点。
细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，一般包括：
1．直接信息题——在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who，what，when，where，why和how等提问。
2．间接信息题——需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理方能得出结论。
3．数字计算题——文章中直接给出来相关数据，要经过具体的计算才能够得出答案。
4．排列顺序题——根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。
5．图表、图画题——有的图表、图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，它们的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含与文章内容相关的信息。
此类考题主要针对文章的细节，一般提问方式如下：
1) Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?
2) Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?
3) Which of the following is not mentioned?
4) Choose the right order of this passage.
5) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) ...
6) From this passage we know that ________.
7) In the passage, the author states that ______.
细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。英语中有许多功能词，如：表因果关系的because, since, as等；表转折关系的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。
正确选项特点:
1.语言简化: 把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。
2.同义替换: 对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。
3.正话反说: 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
千扰项特点:
1.扩缩范围; 以偏概全或以全概偏。
2.张冠李戴: 为原文内容，但非题目要求或要点。
3.无中生有: 与原文不符或原文并未提及。
4.偷梁换柱: 符合常识但不符合原文内容。
5.颠倒黑白: 与原文意思大相径庭或完全相反。

【要点梳理】
Ø 考点一：直接信息题

题干定位直接破解直接信息题。细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作解释或判断，只要求他们从阅读材料中直接获取信息。
题干定位法
【2022宝山二模】GENNY takes air in and passes it through a filter to remove dust and dirt. The filter is powerful enough to work even in areas with high air pollution. The air then passes through a chamber where heating and cooling cause water vapor in the air to condense (凝结). This water is then passed through several more filters and minerals are added to make it healthier and taste better. Finally, the water is stored in a tank where it is continually circulated to keep it fresh.
57. What does GENNY accomplish by adding ingredients to the water?
A. It satisfies local water regulations.
B. It improves the flavor of the water.
C. It prepares the water for shipment abroad.
D. It keeps the water at the right temperature.
【答案】 57. B
【解析】
细节理解题。根据第三段“This water is then passed through several more filters and minerals are added to make it healthier and taste better.”（然后，这些水会通过多个过滤器，并添加矿物质，使其更健康，味道更好。）可知它通过向水中添加配料来改善水的味道。故选B项。

Ø 考点二：间接信息题
同义互释破解间接信息题。间接辨认不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息用同义或近义的语言形式复述出来。审读题干，提取关键信息→速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换(同义或近义词语)→逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。
同义互释法
【2022虹口二模】New analysis of these scans revealed that activity in the same regions Chen’s group had accurately pointed out in mice, the aDCN, appeared to be significantly disturbed in humans with Prader-Willi syndrome. In healthy individuals, the aDCN were more active in response to food images while fasting than just after a meal, but no such difference was identifiable in participants with the disorder. The result suggested that the aDCN were involved in controlling hunger.
44. According to the project conducted by the researchers, ________.
A. the healthy testees were more likely to overeat after fasting
B. food images increased the appetite of the testees with Prader-Willi syndrome
C. the aDCN in the healthy testees responded to food images more actively after fasting
D. the aDCN in the testees with Prader-Willi syndrome made no response to food images
【答案】 44. C
【解析】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“ In healthy individuals, the aDCN were more active in response to food images while fasting than just after a meal, but no such difference was identifiable in participants with the disorder. (在健康个体中，与饭后相比，禁食时aDCN对食物图像的反应更为积极，但在患有这种疾病的参与者中没有发现这种差异。)”可知，健康受试者的aDCN在禁食后对食物图像的反应更积极。故选C。

Ø 考点三：数字计算题
查读分析破解数字计算题。宙读题干，提取关键信息→速读定位原文中包含该信息的相关段落一进行推算，得出答案。这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。此类试题在文章中直接表现出事实细节，但要经过具体的计算才能得出正确答案。具体可以是对年代、月份、费用等计算。此类题目宜采用“查读分析法”，即先阅读题干，然后对文中相关的数字、时间、年代等作出标记，按照一定的规律分门别类地列出相关数字，然后进行简单的计算。
【2022徐汇二模】So far, the world has relied on wood, oil, coal, and natural gas to produce energy for heating, lighting, transportation, and manufacturing. Since the 1950s, world consumption has been increasing persistently. In the year 2000, 80 percent of commercial energy was generated from the combustion of fossil fuels, and every day, 50 million barrels of oil are reined (支配) and converted to gasoline and other fuels. In addition to the rapid exhaustion of fossil fuels, the consequences of high consumption rates are pollution and global warming.
64. How long has the world been in high speed of burning fossil fuel for energy?
A. For half a century. B. For nearly sixty years.
C. For over 70 years. D. For more than a century.
【答案】 64. C
【解析】
细节理解题。根据该段“So far, the world has relied on wood, oil, coal, and natural gas to produce energy for heating, lighting, transportation, and manufacturing. Since the 1950s, world consumption has been increasing persistently. In the year 2000, 80 percent of commercial energy was generated from the combustion of fossil fuels, ... (到目前为止，世界依靠木材、石油、煤炭和天然气来生产用于取暖、照明、运输和制造业的能源。 20世纪50年代以来，世界消费持续增长。2000年，80%的商业能源来自化石燃料的燃烧，…)”可知，fossil fuels((煤、石油、天燃气等矿物燃料)自 20世纪50年代以来被高速消耗，至今应有70多年了。故选C项。

Ø 考点四：排列顺序题
首尾排除破解细节排序题。审读题干和四个选项的内容→利用首属，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围→如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，进一步缩小范用;如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案。做此类试题时可采用“首尾排除法”，即先找出第一件事情和最后一件事情，使用排除法迅速缩小范围，从而快速选出正确选项；也可使用“代入淘汰法”按顺序逐一排除，得出正确选项。
【节选片段】
In many countries of the world, people can confidently tell you the meaning of their town or city, but most people who live in Manchester, Oxford or Birmingham would not be able to explain what the name of their city means. The name of every British town and city, however, has a long history.
Two thousand years ago, most people living in Britain were Celts........
This is why there are so many place names in England which end in “-chester” or “-caster” –Manchester, for example. ..........
The Romans never reached Wales or Scotland, and many place names there are Celtic.........
After the Romans left Britain, it was attacked by tribes called the Anglo-Saxons who were from the area of Europe that is now Germany and Holland............
Twelve hundred years ago, the Vikings came to England from Scandinavia. They traded with the Anglo-Saxons but lived in their own villages. ........
Finally, in 1066, England became Norman –the Normans gave us the place name “grange”, which means farm. .........
58. Which of the following shows the correct order of the arrival of inhabitants in Britain?
A. The Celts –The Romans – The Vikings –The Normans –The Anglo Saxons
B. The Romans –The Celts –The Vikings –The Anglo Saxons–The Normans
C. The Celts –The Romans –The Anglo Saxons–The Vikings –The Normans
D. The Romans –The Anglo Saxons–The Celts –The Normans –The Vikings
答案　C
解析　事件排序题。通读全文，根据文章的叙述可知，特别每段开头，得出英国原居民的居住先后次序为The Celts –The Romans –The Anglo Saxons–The Vikings –The Normans故选C。
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重点小练







1．直接信息题——题干定位法
“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are on the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.
72. The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that ________.
A. they had no model in their mind
B. they did not have sufficient time
C. they had no ready-made components
D. they could not assemble the components
【答案】　C
【解析】　细节理解题。由关键词difficulty定位至第二段最后一句话
“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own.”意为这个项目的困难实际上在于所需的元件都没有现成的，需要我们自己开发。on the shelf（现货供应）与ready-made（现成的）同义。因此，正确答案为C。

2．间接信息题——同义互释法
Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Bӧӧgg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds.
68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Bӧӧgg symbolizes__________________.
A. the start of the parade B. the coming of a longer summer
C. the passing of the winter D. the success of tradesmen
【答案】　C
【解析】　细节理解题。根据本段“he people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman.”可知，答案C用the passing of the winter同义表达the beginning of spring

3．排序题——首尾排除法
A schoolgirl saved her father’s life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic(过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.
Izzy，nine，restarted her father Colm’s heart by stamping(踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.
Izzy’s mother，Debbie，immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father，so decided to use CPR.
However，she quickly discovered her arms weren’t strong enough，so she stamped on her father’s chest instead.
Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions(按压) until the ambulance arrived.
Izzy，who has been given a bravery award by her school，said：“I just kicked him really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn’t strong enough to use hands.I was quite scared.The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”
40．What’s the right order of the events?
①Izzy kicked Colm.
②Debbie called 999.
③Izzy learned CPR.
④Colm’s heart stopped.
A．③①②④ B．④②③①
C．③④②① D．④③①②
【答案】　C
【解析】　事件排序题。根据文章的叙述可知，女孩以前就学会了CPR，在父亲的心脏停止跳动之后，她的母亲先拨打了999，女孩想要在救护车到来前对父亲进行急救，却发现自己的手臂力气不够用，才采用踩父亲胸部的方式。故选C。

4．数字计算题——查读分析法
Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work.Now，the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours，they would earn as much as ￡172,000 a year.
The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do，as well as the hours they are working，to determine the figure.This would make their yearly income ￡30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.
38．How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister?
A．￡30,000. B．￡142,000.
C．￡172,000. D．￡202,000.
【答案】　B
【解析】　数字计算题。根据文中的“...they would earn as much as ￡172,000 a year.”以及“This would make their yearly income ￡30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.”可知，总理的工资是￡172 000－￡30 000＝￡142 000。故选择B。

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好题必测





【题1】(2021·新高考全国卷I) Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel(旅社).The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that,you'll often get to stay in a central location(位置)with security and comfort.
21. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel?
A.Comfort. B. Security.
C. Price. D. Location.
【答案】C
第一步 题干关键词: what,concern,stay in a hostel
第二步 原文定位点: Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel(旅社).
第三步 直接得答案: 根据pricey可知“罗马对旅行的人来说可能很昂贵”, 故选C项。
【题2】(2021·全国乙卷·D篇)So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face­to­face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
34．What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A．Personal privacy unprotected.
B．Limited working space.
C．Restrictions on group discussion.
D．Constant interruptions.
【答案】D　
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“open office unwelcome to many people”可定位原文信息句为本段第一句“So why do so many of us hate our open offices？”其中unwelcome与hate为近义词转换。由此可知，开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中，受到很多干扰。故选D。

【题3】(2018·江苏高考·A篇) ... Admission
$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters (回廊) on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult.
...
56．How much may they pay if an 11­year­old girl and her working parents visit the museum?
A．$12. B．$37.
C．$50. D．$62.
【答案】C　
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词How much和pay可迅速定位到原文信息“$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters (回廊) on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult.”可知，成人票价25美元，12岁以下儿童在大人的陪同下免费。因而11岁的女孩和其父母只需支付两张成人票款即可。故选C。
【题4】　(2020·浦东期末)A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.
Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm's heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.
Izzy's mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.
However, she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough, so she stamped on her father's chest instead.
Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived.
Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said, “I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”
“She's a little star，” said Debbie, “I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just can't believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we've got to see an expert.”
Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.
He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.
What's the right order of the events?
①Izzy kicked Colm. ②Debbie called 999.
③Izzy learned CPR. ④Colm's heart stopped.
A．③①②④ B．④②③①
C．③④②① D．④③①②
【答案】B　
【解析】细节理解题。通过速读原文可知，第一件事是Colm's heart stopped，而最后一件事是Izzy kicked Colm，故选B。
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Section A：阅读理解
高考题型组合练



A
Years of unbalanced investment in public parks has left 100 million Americans without access to decent nearby green spaces during the coronavirus lockdown a new report reveals.
Local parks have been a godsend to many people during the disease as schools, gyms and walking trails have closed to minimize physical contact and check the spread of the virus. But the annual parks score index by the Trust for Public Land (TPL) has revealed wide gap in access. For instance, 98% of residents in Washington and Minnesota are within a ten-minute walk of a park, compared to less than 50% of those in cities like Arizona and Oklahoma City.
Even within cities, access to green spaces – like access to healthy food, healthcare and good schools – is also unfair, with low-income households and people of colour least likely to live close to parks with basic facilities like toilets, playgrounds and basketball courts.
As summer edges closer, it’s clear that public parks will play a crucial role in providing safe, affordable leisure spaces for millions of people unable to work or travel. Yet, evidence detailed in the report suggests park services could face dramatic cutbacks as local governments face unprecedented economic challenges as a result of the shutdowns.
A survey of 300 park officials in mid-April by the National Recreation and Park Association found that about half had already been instructed to cut budgets by 10% to 20% for the current financial year. Nationwide, the parks system took years to recover from budget cuts after the Great Recession that upset planned improvements and expansions. The economic consequences of the coronavirus disease are expected to be both deeper and longer.
For environmental justice activists, there is some hope. The unprecedented crisis could enhance appreciation for parks – and encourage a wave of local activism to fight for fair access. Rue Mapp, the founder and CEO of Outdoor Afro, said, “This is an opportunity for us to rethink public lands and to get people out of the mindset that nature is somewhere that you have to drive to.”
56. Why are local parks described as a “godsend”?
A. Because they are a treat for the eyes.
B. Because they can limit the spread of the coronavirus.
C. Because residents in most cities in the US have access to a park.
D. Because schools, gyms and walking trails are not accessible during the lockdown.
57. Access to green spaces is often problematic for low-income households and people of colour in that ______.
A. they are unlikely to live close to parks
B. those green spaces often lack basic facilities
C. they are more likely to come down with the coronavirus
D. they have less access to healthy food, healthcare and good schools
58. What effect could coronavirus have on US parks?
A. Parks would be forced to charge visitors to enter.
B. People are discouraged from playing and exercising in the parks.
C. Parks became safe leisure places for people to avoid the spread of the coronavirus.
D. Their budget could be sharply reduced, and this will affect improvements and expansions.
59. What possible benefit might the coronavirus crisis have?
A. It might encourage local activism.
B. It might encourage people to drive to parks.
C. It might make people recognize the worth of parks better.
D. It might increase the budget for improvements and expansions.
【答案】56. D 57. A 58. D 59. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。一份新报告显示，多年来对公共公园的不平衡投资导致1亿美国人在冠状病毒封锁期间无法去附近像样的绿地。文章主要说明了美国公园系统的现状，以及公园系统因受到疫情影响而导致预算可能会大幅削减，这将影响其改进和扩张。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Local parks have been a godsend to many people during the disease as schools, gyms and walking trails have closed to minimize physical contact and check the spread of the virus.(在疫情期间，当地的公园对许多人来说都是天赐之物，因为学校、体育馆和步道都关闭了，以减少身体接触，遏制病毒的传播)”可知，当地的公园被描述为“godsend”，是因为在封锁期间，学校、体育馆和步道不能进入。故选D。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Even within cities, access to green spaces – like access to healthy food, healthcare and good schools – is also unfair, with low-income households and people of colour least likely to live close to parks with basic facilities like toilets, playgrounds and basketball courts.(即使在城市里，获得绿色空间——比如获得健康食品、医疗保健和好学校——也是不公平的，低收入家庭和有色人种最不可能住在有厕所、运动场和篮球场等基本设施的公园附近)”可知，对于低收入家庭和有色人种来说，进入绿地往往是个问题，因为他们不太可能住在公园附近。故选A。
【58题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A survey of 300 park officials in mid-April by the National Recreation and Park Association found that about half had already been instructed to cut budgets by 10% to 20% for the current financial year. Nationwide, the parks system took years to recover from budget cuts after the Great Recession that upset planned improvements and expansions. The economic consequences of the coronavirus disease are expected to be both deeper and longer.(美国国家娱乐和公园协会4月中旬对300名公园管理人员进行的一项调查发现，约有一半的人已经被指示在本财政年度削减10%至20%的预算。在全国范围内，公园系统花了数年时间才从大衰退后的预算削减中恢复过来，这打乱了计划中的改善和扩张。冠状病毒疫情的经济后果预计将更加严重和持久)”可知，冠状病毒会对美国公园产生的影响是公园的预算可能会大幅削减，这将影响其改进和扩张。故选D。
【59题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“For environmental justice activists, there is some hope. The unprecedented crisis could enhance appreciation for parks – and encourage a wave of local activism to fight for fair access.(对于主张环境正义的积极分子来说，还有一些希望。这一前所未有的危机可能会提高人们对公园的欣赏程度，并鼓励一波当地的激进主义运动，争取公园的公平使用权)”可知，新冠病毒危机可能带来的好处是它可能使人们更
B
Pali Overnight Adventures offers children and teens exciting experiences this summer. From broadcasting to street art, these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered.
Broadcasting Camp
Become the next star reporter, news writer, director or producer. While running every aspect of our own news station, kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp. Every night it goes on the web, keeping parents and the world informed of the happenings at Pali.
Secret Agent Camp
In the movie Mission Impossible, Tom Cruise made being a secret agent seem like the coolest job ever. Campers who sign up for the 2-week secret agent camp can get to know about the life of real secret agents by learning strategies and military skills on the paintball field.
Culinary Camp
If your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit. Campers learn technical skills of roasting, frying and cutting, as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their families.
Street Art Camp
This camp takes creative license to an entirely new level. Campers will share their colorful ideas and imagination with each other and work together to visualize, sketch and paint with non-traditional techniques to create the coolest mural which will be displayed in public for all to see.
8．How many camps does Pali Overnight Adventures offer this summer?
A．2. B．4. C．17. D．21.
9．What will campers do at the Broadcasting Camp?
A．Create a website. B．Run a news station.
C．Meet a star reporter. D．Hold a dinner party.
10．Which camp will attract children who are interested in cooking?
A．Broadcasting Camp. B．Secret Agent Camp.
C．Culinary Camp D．Street Art Camp.
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个不同类型的夏令营的情况。
8．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“From broadcasting to street art, these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered.”可知从广播到街头艺术，这只是17个非常独特的营地中的4个。由此可知，今年夏天巴利岛有17个露营地。故选C。
9．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“While running every aspect of our own news station, kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp.”可知在经营好我们自己的新闻电台的方方面面的同时，孩子们和他们的营员们将在每天晚上的晚餐时，为整个夏令营创作并主持播出一个广播。由此可知，营员在广播营会经营一家新闻电台。故选B。
10．C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit. Campers learn technical skills of roasting, frying and cutting, as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their families.”可知如果你的孩子喜欢呆在厨房里，那么烹饪夏令营绝对是最合适的选择。露营者学习烘焙、油炸和切菜的技术技能，以及一些他们可以带回家和家人分享的食谱。由此可知，Culinary Camp会吸引对烹饪感兴趣的孩子。故选C。
C
These days, nobody needs to cook. Families graze on high-cholesterol take-aways and microwaved ready-meals. Cooking is an occasional hobby and a vehicle for celebrity chefs.
Which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modern house, what the great hall was to the medieval castle, the kitchen is to the 21st-century home.
The money spent on kitchens has risen with their status. In America the kitchen market is now worth $170 billion, five times the country's film industry. In the year to August 2007, IKEA, a Swedish furniture chain, sold over one million kitchens worldwide. The average budget for a "major" kitchen overhaul in 2006, calculates Remodeling magazine, was a staggering $54,000, even a "minor" improvement cost on average $18,000.
Exclusivity, more familiar in the world of high fashion, has reached the kitchen: Robinson &Cornish, a British manufacturer of custom-made kitchens, offers a Georgian-style. one which would cost £145,000-155,000—excluding building, plumbing and electrical work. Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it :"You won't see this kitchen anywhere else in the word."
The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants for the modem family tells the story of a century of social change. Right into the early 20th century, kitchens were smoky, noisy places, generally located underground, or to the back of the house, as far from living space as possible. That was as it should be: kitchens were for servants, and the aspiring middle classes wanted nothing to do with them.
But as the working classes prospered and the servant shortage set in, housekeeping became a natter of interest to the educated classes. One of the pioneers of a radical new way of thinking about the kitchen was Catharine Esther Beecher, sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe. In American human's Home、published in 1869, the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach to use hold management, designed to enhance the efficiency of a woman's work and promote order. Many contemporary ideas about kitchen design can be traced back to another American, Chris Frederick, who set about enhancing the efficiency of the housewife. Her 1919 work,
House-Engineering: Scientific Management in the Home, was based on detailed observation of a wife's daily routine. She borrowed the Principle of efficiency on the factory floor and applied mystic tasks on the kitchen floor.
Frederick's central idea, that "stove, sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relation that useless steps are avoided entirely". Inspired the first fully fitted kitchen, designed in the 1920s by Mangarete Schutter. Libotsky. It was a modernist triumph, and many elements remain central features of today's kitchen.
11. What does the author say about the kitchen of today？
A. It is where housewives display their cooking skills.
B. It is where the family entertains important guests.
C. It has become something odd in a modern house.
D. It is regarded as the center of a modern home.
12. Why does the Georgian-style. kitchen sell at a very high price？
A. It is believed to have tremendous artistic value.
B. No duplicate is to be found in any other place.
C. It is manufactured by a famous British company.
D. No other manufacturer can produce anything like it.
13. What does the change in the status of the kitchen reflect？
A. Improved living conditions.
B. Technological progress.
C. Women's elevated status.
D. Social change.
14. What was the Beecher sisters' idea of a kichen？
A. A place where women could work more efficiently.
B. A place where high technology could be applied.
C. A place of interest to the educated people.
D. A place to experiment with new ideas.
15. What do we learn about today's kitchen？
A. It represents the rapid technological advance in people's daily life.
B. Many of its central features are no different from those of the 1920s.
C. It has been transformed beyond recognition.
D. Many of its functions have changed greatly.
【答案】DBDAB
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了厨房如何从家居边缘走入家居核心。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段Which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modern house, what the great hall was to the medieval castle, the kitchen is to the 21st-century home.“奇怪的是，厨房已经成为现代住宅的核心，就像中世纪城堡中的大会堂，21世纪的家庭中的厨房一样。”可知，关于今天的厨房，作者认为它是一个现代家庭的中心。故选D项。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it :"You won't see this kitchen anywhere else in the word."它最大的卖点是没有其他人会拥有它:“你在世界上任何地方都不会看到这个厨房。”可知，乔治王朝风格的厨房之所以卖个好价钱是因为“在任何其他地方都不能找到复制品。”故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段第一句The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants for the modem family tells the story of a century of social change.可知，厨房状况的改变反映了“社会变化”。故选D项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段中In American human's Home、published in 1869, the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach to use hold management, designed to enhance the efficiency of a woman's work and promote order.“在1869年出版的美国妇女的家庭一书中，比特姐妹推荐了一种科学的家务管理方法，意在提高女性做家务的效率，促进工作的秩序。”可知，比特姐妹认为厨房是“一个女性工作效率更高的地方。”故选A项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Inspired the first fully fitted kitchen, designed in the 1920s by Mangarete Schutter. Libotsky. It was a modernist triumph, and many elements remain central features of today's kitchen.“20世纪20年代，曼格莱特·舒特(Mangarete Schutter)设计了第一个全配套厨房。Libotsky。这是一个现代主义的胜利，许多元素仍然是当今厨房的核心特征。”可知，今天厨房的许多中心特征与20世纪20年代的没什么不同。故选B项。

Section B：句子翻译


1. 窃贼一定是深夜时从窗户逃出去的。(must)
The thief must have got out through the window late at night.

2. 在涉及到公司的利益之处，我们永远不会轻易放弃。（where)
He will never give up easily where the interests of the company are involved.

3. 他发音进步很快，英语已经说的非常流畅了。（Such.......that)
Such rapid/fast progress has she made in pronunciation that she can speak English very fluently.

4. 我已经说清楚了：所有的问题都不能通过一次协商就能解决。（clear)
I have made it clear that none of the problems can be solved through a negotiation.

5. 湖底刚被发现了一个古城遗址就有一些科学家和建筑家赶往那儿进行实地研究。（Hardly)
Hardly had the remains/relics of an ancient city been discovered at the bottom of the lake when some scientists and architects rushed there to carry out/do/conduct field research / do research on the spot.