【备战2023高考】英语全复习——第11讲《阅读理解细节理解题》练习（全国通用）

第11讲 阅读理解细节理解题 （练）

A

Sora observed in amazement as Weilun picked up two large metal cans. She followed Weilun with a pail (桶) of clothes, watching him carry the two cans effortlessly. They were large and were covering Weilun’s small frame.

Sora’s father had sent her to the village to learn about rural life. Sora had never once done any household chores back home. She did not understand why her father would always chant “Where is your willingness to learn?” whenever she asked him if she could stay home for the holidays. Her father had given her a checklist on the life skills that she needed to learn, one of which was to wash clothes. She recalled washing a table cloth after an art lesson in school. That was a piece of cake, she thought. So Sora refused Weilun’s offer to help. Weilun then went to fill the large cans with water at the far end of the river.

Suddenly, a big bird dived from the sky when Sora placed the last piece of clothing back in the pail. Sora released her grasp of the pail in shock. Then she was relaxed to find it was aiming for a worm near her. But the clothes were drifting in the river. Weilun immediately came to help and Sora shifted the blame to the bird.

He pointed at the detergent foam (洗涤剂泡沫) on the surface of the river. “Don’t tell me you rinsed (漂洗) the detergent from the clothes in the river. Don’t you know that it may kill the river creatures? You caused the problem, not the bird!” Sora looked down in shame. “You think that you know everything, but you actually don’t.”

Sora closed her eyes to let Weilun’s words sink in for a moment. She finally understood the meaning behind her father’s chants. She walked towards Weilun and whispered, “Could you teach me all the life skills that my father had planned for me to learn?”

1．Why was Sora amazed?

A．Weilun was too small in size for the two large cans.

B．Weilun was willing to help his parents do some chores.

C．Weilun managed to carry the two large cans easily.

D．Weilun was willing to accompany her to the riverside.

2．Why did Sora refuse Weilun’s offer to help wash the clothes?

A．She thought it was an easy task.

B．She had learned how to do it.

C．She wanted her father to be proud of her.

D．She wanted to learn new things by herself.

3．What happened when Sora found the bird flew towards her?

A．The bird was diving for food.

B．The bird was attacking her.

C．Sora was rinsing the detergent in the pail.

D．Sora was shocked to find a worm in the pail.

4．What do you think Sora “finally understood”?

A．She wasn’t capable of living on her own.

B．She really lacked the willingness to learn.

C．Life skills could be learned in the country.

D．Her father wanted her to learn from Weilun.

B

Independent living at home is the ideal for every aging person. But a fall or other health-threatening incidents can change everything rapidly.

The wearable “panic buttons” introduced in the late 1980s were a great advance. But they only work if people actually wear them and can reach the button in an emergency. Today there are passive wearables that automatically detect falls, and camera-based systems to monitor elder safety.

Coming from a 40-year career in the semiconductor and wireless communication field, Rafi Zack decided to find a better alternative. “People aren’t devoted to wearing small devices 24/7, and camera-based systems are an invasion（侵犯）of privacy,” he points out, “The most challenging aspect is a fall. How fast we can detect a fall matters because the medical situation worsens quickly. Sometimes people stay on the floor for a long time. We have to find out how to solve that problem.”

Zack is a co-founder, CEO and vice president of R&D at EchoCare Technologies which has developed ECHO (Elderly Care Home Observer), a cloud-connected monitor based on radar technology and machine learning.

Because radar sees through walls, one ECHO unit fixed on the ceiling or wall can monitor one person (or two persons, in a future version) in a standard-sized apartment in a senior living facility. The device detects falls, breathing difficulties, drowning in a bathtub and other dangerous events. It gives out warnings to potential health worsening conditions by continuously monitoring and analyzing the person’s location, posture（姿势）, motion and breath. EchoCare tested the device in the United States, Japan, Australia and Israel. ECHO was certified（认证）in 2019 in Japan with the most aging population in the world.

“Bathrooms were the main testing area where about 17,000 deadly accidents happen annually.” said SMK Director and Executive Vice President Tetsuo Hara. “Bathroom makers, home security service providers and nursing homes are highly interested in EchoCare’s solution.” Zack noted, “As more and more elder people live alone as a result of social distancing, there is an increased need to monitor them without the burden of wearables or privacy-invading cameras.”

5．What’s the advantage of ECHO over “panic buttons”?

A．It has camera-based systems. B．It has been widely accepted.

C．It can function without cameras. D．Its buttons can be easily reached.

6．What can we know about ECHO from paragraph 5?

A．It is designed to send out warnings regularly.

B．It monitors dangerous health-related events.

C．It was certified in many developed countries.

D．It detects more than one person at the same time.

7．What can we infer about the future of ECHO?

A．It’ll become more popular with the elderly.

B．It’ll stop 17,000 deaths happening annually.

C．It’ll be used in nursing homes and hospitals.

D．It’ll help elderly people to live an active life.

8．What can be the best title for the passage?

A．An Advanced Medical Instrument

B．A High-tech Monitor for the Elderly

C．The Invention of a Healthcare Device

D．The Improvement of a Medical Facility

C

Nearly everyone knows eBay is a website where you can buy and sell pretty much anything. There are other Internet auction (拍卖) sites, but none come close to eBay for brand-name recognition. And for good reason: eBay is the largest English-language online auction site in the world. Buyers come to eBay for the best chance of finding the particular thing they want. Sellers come for the largest pool of buyers, which they hope means the best chance of selling at the highest possible price.

Buying things on eBay is pretty simple. You can type a term into the search field, or click through the categories list to get to what you want. Inside an individual item listing, you’ll see the current asking price, and a little button to click if you wish to place your own bid. Enter a price, occasionally come back to see if someone has bid higher than you and wait for the end of the auction period. If your bid is the highest, you win! Now all you have to do is arrange payment and shipping method with the seller. eBay is only in the business of putting buyers and sellers together for a small fee from the seller. It doesn’t handle the actual payment or shipping of goods. In other words, it isn’t a big department store, or a warehouse. It’s the owner of a flea market, and you have to do your own deals with the individual sellers in their virtual stalls.

To be a skillful eBay buyer, you should learn when to trust sellers and how a proxy (代理人) bid can save you from going online every half-hour to up your bid. Experienced eBay users also know how to use escrows (公正托管) to guarantee goods, and how to avoid selling tricks such as fake bids that push up prices. The more often you buy on eBay, the more you learn.

9．Why is eBay the best website for people to buy and sell things?

A．Because it has all brand products.

B．Because the trade language is English.

C．Because sellers and buyers can close their deals.

D．Because sellers can find a swimming pool there.

10．What should you do first if you want to buy something at the site?

A．Find the current asking price.

B．Click a button to place your own bid.

C．Enter a price which is higher than others.

D．Find what you want in the categories list.

11．What should the buyer do if he/she wins the bid?

A．Get goods from eBay.

B．Determine payment and shipment.

C．Send somebody for the goods.

D．Talk about the price of the goods.

12．What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph?

A．How to be a skillful buyer at eBay.

B．How to make sure of qualified goods.

C．How to avoid being cheated by others.

D．How to spare you from going online frequently.

D

The use of AI (artificial intelligence) is becoming more common in many branches of industry and online shopping. Traditional lines of work, such as goods transport and driving, are developing in a similar direction although mainly out of public view. Scientists at the University of Göttingen have now investigated how efficient (高效的) the use of AI can be in the commercial management of trucks.

“Digital applications—as well as machine leaning, a kind of AI—are increasingly applied to operations and courses in the transport area,” explains Professor Matthias Klumpp from the Faculty of Economics. “The question in the commercial area, however, is whether or not this contributes to achieving goals.”

To answer this question, the researchers compared the work efficiency of truck drivers with their main use of AI applications. Looking at trade delivery by truck, they studied three groups: the first drove completely following human decision-making models; the second used a combination of human and machine; and the third depended completely on fully automated decisions.

The researchers found that an intelligent combination of human work and decision-making abilities with AI applications promises the highest transport and driving efficiency. “On average, the second group achieved the most efficient transport trips, with the fewest interventions (干预) and off-course from the best path.” one researcher said, “Clearly, neither a completely human decision-making structure nor a fully automated driving system can promise to meet current goods transport requirements.” The scientists therefore summarized that despite the progress of AI in the field of transportation by truck, human experience and decision-making abilities will still be necessary in the longer term. However, the challenge is that a wide range of training and qualification (资格) needs will come along by working with Al applications, especially for simple goods transport activities.

13．What does Matthias Klumpp focus on?

A．The efficiency of AI.

B．The advantages of AI.

C．The problems caused by AI.

D．The wide applications of AI.

14．How did the researchers get the finding?

A．By providing examples.

B．By making comparisons.

C．By using different trucks.

D．By listing three experiments.

15．What can we know from the last paragraph?

A．Al is better at making decisions.

B．A balance is needed between human and AI.

C．Human will soon be replaced by AI in driving.

D．Al applications meet the current requirements.

16．What is the best title for the text?

A．The future of transport.

B．Artificial intelligence as a co-driver.

C．Artificial intelligence-a better choice in driving.

D．The strengths of artificial intelligence in transport.

E

Just as a hungry brain craves (渴望) food, a lonely brain craves people. A new brain study demonstrates this. After being left alone, it shows people's brains would be activated at the sight of other people. The action was in the same brain region that speeds up when a hungry person sees food.

Livia Tomova, a neuroscientist, who studies how the brain produces mental activities, and her colleagues began this study. They recruited (招募) 40 people. On one day, the participants had to fast—not eat anything at all—for 10 hours. On another day, the same people were placed in a room for 10 hours. They couldn't see anyone. No friends, no family and no social media. They weren't even allowed to check their email. After both days, Tomova and her colleagues put the people in a MRI machine. It shows activity in the brain by tracking how much blood is flowing to each region.

At the end of each day, the participants showed high activity in a brain area called the midbrain. The scientists were interested in two, small areas within it. Both areas produce dopamine, a chemical that is important in craving and rewards. The two areas activated when hungry participants saw pictures of tasty pizza or juicy hamburgers. After the volunteers had been isolated, those brain areas became active when they saw social activities they missed. It might be playing sports or chatting with friends.

The midbrain plays an important part in people's motivation to seek food or friends. In fact, it responds to food and social signals even when people aren't hungry or lonely. But hunger and loneliness increased the reactions and made people's responses specific to the thing they were missing. And the more hunger or isolation the volunteers said they were experiencing, the stronger the activity in this part of the brain. Tomova and her colleagues published their results November 23 in Nature Neuroscience.

17．How does Tomova test out the result of the study?

A．By stimulating desire. B．By controlling blood flow.

C．By monitoring brain activity. D．By examining mental activities.

18．What do we know about midbrain?

A．It consists of two areas. B．It helps motivate desire for food.

C．It stops working when people are full. D．It decreases responses to lost friends.

19．What does the underlined “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A．A midbrain area. B．A social activity. C．A volunteer. D．A hamburger.

20．What can be the best title for the text?

A．Dopamine—a Sure Sign of Age B．Midbrain—a Nest for the Thoughts

C．Hunger Makes Mental Health Struggle D．Loneliness Makes Our Brains Need People

F

Black Valley, 63 kilometers from downtown Chongqing, is one of the best preserved natural wonders around the municipality. The national 5A-level scenic spot is a popular summer resort for sightseeing, forest adventures, outdoor camping, hunting and angling.

Located in Heishan town, Wansheng Economic Development Zone, the scenic spot spans over 103 square kilometers, 97 percent of which are covered by primitive forests. With over 110,000 negative oxygen ions in each cubic centimeter of air, it is dubbed as a natural oxygen bar and “the most beautiful healthcare-themed valley.”

Black Valley is also known as “the natural gene bank of Chongqing and Guizhou regions” for the diversity of its rare plants and wildlife, including Cathaya argyrophylla, Davidia involucrata, Trachypithecus francoisi and clouded leopards.

Scenic spot level: AAAAA

Address: Heishan town, Wansheng Economic Development Zone, 63 kilometers from downtown Chongqing Opening hours: 8:30 am - 3:30 pm (peak season from November to February), 9:00 am-3:00 pm (off season from March to October)

Ideal sightseeing season: from May to September

Ticket price: 60 yuan ($8.72) during off season and 100 yuan during peak season, sightseeing bus and cable not included.

Notes:

1. It is recommended that tourists start from the higher southern area for a downward journey.

2. The average temperature is 18.1 degrees.

3. It’s a good idea to experience the local folk culture of the Miao ethnic group, especially when you choose to visit in May when the traditional Caishan Festival of Miao ethnic group is celebrated.

21．What can we know about Black Valley?

A．It lies in downtown Chongqing.

B．Plants and wildlife are rarely seen there.

C．A visit there costs at most 100 yuan.

D．The air is very high in negative oxygen ions there.

22．A best time for a visitor and lover of the folk culture to Black Valley is in

A．January. B．March. C．May. D．July.

23．Which section is the text taken from in a newspaper?

A．Culture. B．Travel. C．Nature. D．Wildlife.

G

THE BEST BOOKS OF 2020

In our efforts to increase and spread knowledge, we highly recommend these titles issued this year.

You Never Forget Your First: A Biography of George Washington

Treating the first president’s masculinity (刚毅) as a ‘‘previous conclusion”, historian Alexis Coe explores lesser-known aspects of Washington’s life, from his interest in animal husbandry (畜牧业) to his role as a father figure.

All We Can Save: Truth, Courage, and Solutions for the Climate Crisis

Johnson, a marine biologist and the founder of Ocean Collective, and Wilkinson, the editor in chief of Project Drawdown edited appealing pieces on climate change crafted by 60 women. The collection, All We Can Save, showcases a diverse range of experts, all working to tackle climate issues in powerful ways.

Feasting Wild: In Search of the Last Untamed Food

Gina Rae La Cerva travels the globe in search of some of the planet’s last truly wild foods. Her journey takes her to a place in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where she investigates the “bush meat" trade that is common in the region’s rainforest and results in the illegal hunting of wild animals.

The Man Who Ate Too Much: The Life of James Beard

James Beard Award-winning author, John Birdsall writes this book to show a more complete picture of Beard’s life, examining the cook’s use of coded language in early cookbooks. The language itself is as rich as Beard’s fried chicken.

24．What can we learn from You Never Forget Your First?

A．Washington’s wide interests.

B．Washington’s masculinity as a father.

C．Some popular aspects of Washington’s life.

D．Some unfamiliar aspects of Washington’s life.

25．Which book should you read if you want to know the topic about climate problems?

A．Feasting Wild. B．All We Can Save.

C．You Never Forget Your First. D．The Man Who Ate Too Much.

26．What is the similarity between Feasting Wild and The Man Who Ate Too Much?

A．Foods are both mentioned. B．Both are about traveling.

C．Their languages are vivid. D．Their authors are famous.

H

You can pay a fortune to travel around the world. Or you can pay nothing at all. Here are some places you'll never regret visiting. They won't cost you a dime.

The British Museum, London(U.K.)

You need to go here to see the Egyptian mummies, the ancient Greek Marbles and so many other treasures. It's open every day, and unlike most other attractions in England that cost much money, it's completely free.

National Mall, Washington D．C．(U.S.A．)

You can walk a pathway from the Lincoln Memorial to the severe Vietnam Veterans Memorial and to the Washington Monument with other sights in between. Do you know you can go up in the elevator to the top of the Washington Monument? Tickets are free, but pay a small fee to reserve them in advance to avoid being disappointed.

Notre-Dame Cathedral, Paris(France) .

This great treasure of the world simply can't be missed. The great stained-glass rose window alone is worth the visit. The Sunday Mass with the Gregorian chant was like stepping back in time. Admission is free every day, but you're welcome to leave a donation. There are also free tours a few times each week. You'll pay extra for tours of the bell tower or the crypt.

National Museum of Ireland , Dublin and Mayo (Ireland)

Want to see bog bodies, gold ornaments, Viking artifacts and learn about rural Irish life? All four branches of this museum are free to visit, including museums devoted to archaeology, natural history, decorative arts and history and country life. The museum of country life in Tur lough Park, Mayo, is devoted to Irish rural traditions, while the natural history museum is especially famous for its collection of insects.

27．Where can you visit the ancient Greek marbles from the passage?

A．National Mall, Washington D．C． B．The British Museum, London.

C．Notre-Dame Cathedral, Paris. D．National Museum of Ireland, Dublin and Mayo.

28．Which place do you need to pay for an appointment?

A．Lincoln Memorial. B．Vietnam Veterans Memorial.

C．Notre-Dame Cathedral. D．The top of the Washington Monument.

29．If you do a study on how a worm turns into a butterfly, you probably go to ________.

A．National Museum of Ireland, Dublin and Mayo. B．The British Museum, London.

C．Notre-Dame Cathedral, Paris. D．National Mall, Washington D．C．

I

Savannah Family Vacation Package

Bring your whole family to Savannah for a vacation adventure that combines sightseeing with a show at Savannah’s most historic theatre and three nights’ lodging in the exciting Savannah Family Vacation Package!

Prices Starting at:

Ages 19 and Up: $150.00

Ages 13—19: $50.00

Ages 4—12: $20.00

Ages 0—3: Free

Historical Attractions in Savannah

Savannah is a beautiful city, as well as one of the most historic in the United States, Here, visitors will enjoy Southern history and culture. Head out on any one of the remarkable activities offered to experience some fun. Plus, the city is full of historic sites to explore.

About the Included Savannah Theatre Musical Production

Savannah Theatre has brilliant architecture and is known for being a top theater with a state-of-the-art sound and light system and talented performers. At this theater you can experience a high-energy and interesting musical or a two-hour variety show in an unforgettable performance! The possibilities are endless with the Historic Savannah Theatre, as the show changes throughout the year. During November and December, guests will get to experience the Christmas production.

About the Included Savannah Old Town Trolley Tour

Guests will also be able to board upon the Savannah Old Town Trolley Tour. The trolley tour gives guests a comfortable and fun way to see the city in style. Though the guided tour lasts approximately 90 minutes, guests will be able to hop on or hop off at a mass of locations including the City Market, Sorrel-Weed House, and Massie Heritage Museum. With transportation taken care of, guests can simply focus on seeing the best that Savannah has to offer.

30．How much should a couple with their five-year-old twins pay for this tour?

A．$170.00. B．$190.00. C．$340.00. D．$400.00.

31．What contributes most to the reputation of Savannah Theatre Musical Production?

A．Its sound and light system. B．Its high-quality musical.

C．Its changeable show. D．Its Christmas production.

32．Where is the text probably taken from?

A．A historical book. B．A travel website.

C．A guide to Savannah. D．A fashion magazine.

J

Constantly forcing knowledge and experiences into your brain may seem like the quickest path to self-improvement. But sometimes the best thing you can do for your brian is absolutely nothing at all.

Taking time to space out — whether by showering, pulling weeds, or petting a dog — provides an opportunity for what psychologists call wakeful rest. It’s a time when you can put immediate tasks aside like how to meet the work deadline and instead focus on current feelings, reflect on the past, and think about the future.

In the blankness, MRI (磁共振) brain imaging shows a harmony of gray matter called the default mode network (默认模式网络) takes control. Neuroscientists (神经系统科学家) still don’t completely understand how this system works, but they think it connects inharmonious parts of our brains, which can help us find meaning in our messy lives. “This blankness might also reduce anxiety, boost creativity, and improve memory,” says Mary Helen Immordino-Yang, a neuroscientist at the University of Southern California’s Brain and Creativity Institute.

The trouble is, the battle of life leaves little room to let your mind wander. Many spend their free time-consuming entertainment. It may feel relaxing but requires brainpower to enjoy. Fortunately, there are ways to encourage your resting-state network to take over:

FIND YOUR JOY

Casual hobbies that are totally different from your day job can help prevent out-of-office anxiety.

GET AWAY

New surroundings give your brain a break from environmental cues, like the sight of your desk and laptop, that tell it to work.

SWITCH OFF

Information can be too attractive to ignore. Turning off any and all devices helps maintain relaxation mode.

33．What is “wakeful rest” according to the psychologists in the text?

A．It is a time to space out. B．It is a system to take control.

C．It is a state to concentrate. D．It is an opportunity to work.

34．In what aspect can this blankness benefit us?

A．Promoting creativity. B．Managing moods.

C．Removing anxiety. D．Controlling brains.

35．Which activity does the author suggest to a stressful software engineer?

A．Working on his desk in a new office.

B．Playing his favorite computer games.

C．Doing some gardening in the backyard.

D．Developing a software with colleagues.

36．Where can we probably read the text?

A．A book review. B．A science journal.

C．A guide book. D．A film poster.