译林版英语八年级上册Unit1知识点复习练习
展开八年级 Unit One 知识点集锦
一、 知识点详解
Comic Strip ＆ Welcome to the Unit
- honest以元音因素开头，故当表示“一位诚实的...”应用“an honest”,反义词为 dishonest
【拓展】be honest with sb. 对某人坦诚
【例题】---Look! Who’s_____ boy over there? ---Oh, he is my cousin Bob. He is___ honest boy.
A.an; the B. the; an C. the; a
- care动词：关心，，在意；还可作名词，译为“小心，照料”形容词形式有两个：careful(小心的，仔细的)，careless“粗心的”；其对应的副词形式为：carefully “小心地，仔细地”，carelessly“粗心地”。
【搭配】care常见的短语：
care for照顾； take care注意，当心； care about关心；关怀； take care of照顾
- polite反义词 impolite,意为“没有礼貌的，粗鲁的”； 其副词形式politely,意为“礼貌地”。
- lie为可数名词，复数形式为lies. lie还可作动词，意为“说谎；躺；卧”。
lie作“说谎”讲时，其过去式为lied;做“躺，卧”讲时，其过去式为lay. lie现在分词为lying.
【搭配】tell a lie说谎；lie down躺下 （tell stories 讲故事 tell jokes 讲笑话）
【例题】你不应该对你的朋友撒谎。You shouldn’t ______ _______ to your friends.
- true 形容词“确实的；的确；真实的，忠实的”
（1）Yes, that’s true 是的，确实如此。
（2）Do you think he is a true friends? 你认为他是一个忠实的朋友吗？
【探究】true 既可以用在名词前作定语，又可以用在连系动词后作表语。
true的副词形式为truly,名词形式为truth. 说出真相 tell the truth
【辨析】real和true
(1) real强调人或事物真是存在，而不是想象的或虚构的。
(2) True强调符合事实。是真的而不是假的，是相符的而不是编造的。
【例题】(1) Lily is my__________ (忠实的) friend. I can tell her everything about myself.
(2) This story is not exactly_______ (真实的)
6. Make是使役动词，其后可接动词原形、形容词或名词作宾语补足语。Make具体用法如下：
(1) make+sb./sth.+adj. “使某人或某事变得...” I’ll make it easier.我将使他变得更容易些。
(2) “make+sb./sth.+n.” “使某人或某物成为....”
(3) “make sb. do sth.” “让/迫使某人做某事”
【拓展】与make类似，后面也接动词原形作宾语补足语的动词有以下几类：一感（feel），二听（hear, listen to），三让（let, have, make），四看（watch, see, notice, look at ）。
- Can I have some more food.我可以再来一点食物吗?
【探究】more是many和much的比较级，常用来修饰名词。
【拓展】(1) more之前可用基数词或some, any, many, much, a little, a few, no等词修饰。
（2）“基数词+more+名词”结构可与“another+基数词+名词”结构互换，意为“再...”
如：two more books= another two books=two boos more
- 在日常交际用语中，向别人提出建议的句型有以下几种：
(1) “Let’s+动词原形”意为“让我们...吧。”
(2) “What/How about+动词ing/名词/代词宾格”意为“...怎么样？”
(3) “Shall we+动词原形”表示“我们...好吗？”
(4) “Why don’t we/ you+动词原形”或“Why not+动词原形”意为“为什么不...？”
(5) “Would you like (to do) ...?”意为“你愿意/想要（做）......吗？”
(6) “Would/ Will you please+动词原形”意为“请你......好吗？”
- Maybe we can share it. Maybe意为“也许，可能，大概”是副词。
【辨析】maybe和may be
(1) maybe常位于句首，表示不太肯定的推测，相当于perhaps, probably, possibly.在口语中maybe可单独使用。
(2) May be意为“可能是，也许是”，由情态动词may加系动词be构成，常用于句中，放在主语后作谓语，构成主系表结构。
【例题】同义句转换 They may be in the classroom.=___________ they in the classroom.
- Do you believe what he/ she says? 宾语从句要用陈述句语序
【拓展】当主句主语为第一人称，谓语动词是believe, think, suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定形式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。
I don’t think he will come with you.我认为他不会和你一起来的。
【例题】(1) 你知道她在哪儿吗？ Do you know_______ ________ ________?
(2) 我想他今天不会来了。I_______ _________ he will come today.
(3) 我相信他不是小偷，不是吗？I________ ________ he’s a thief, ______ _______?
Reading
- Voice即可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。 Betty has a good voice.贝蒂有一副好嗓子。
【辨析】voice, sound和noise
(1) voice意为“嗓音”，一般指人说话、唱歌、谈笑的声音，也可指动物的鸣叫声。
(2) sound意为“声音，响声”，范围很大，可指大自然的任何声音。
(3) noise意为“噪音，喧闹声”，常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。
【搭配】in a loud/ low voice大声地/低声地 in a sweet voice用甜美的声音
raise one’s voice提高嗓音
- almost “几乎，差不多”。常用来修饰形容词或动词等。almost不能用not修饰，但可放在no, none, nothing等的前面。
【拓展】nearly的意思与almost相近，但nearly与no, none, nobody, never等词连用。
- knock... onto将某物碰到...上 knock at/ on敲...... knock down打到；撞倒
knock over撞翻；碰倒 knock... off把....从....上撞倒/打翻
【例句】(1) When he walks past our desks, he often knocks our books and pens onto the floor.
当他经过我们课桌时，他经常把我们的书和钢笔撞倒地上。
(2) Peter knocked the glass off the table and broke it.
彼得把玻璃杯打翻，从桌子上掉下去摔碎了。
- choose既可作及物动词，也可做不及物动词，其过去式是chose，名词形式是choice.
【搭配】(1) choose to do sth.选择做某事 （2）choose sb. to do sth.选择某人做某事
(3) choose from从.....中选择
- Betty is one of my best friends.贝蒂是我最好的朋友之一。
【探究】one of+形容词+名词复数表示“最...之一”；of后如果是名词，名词前还应加上限定词，如the, these, our等。one of后接名词复数，也可接代词复数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
【例题】---What do you think of the film you saw? ---Oh! It’s one of_ _ films I’ve ever seen.
A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting
- be ready to do sth.= be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事
【辨析】be ready 和 get ready
be ready “准备好了”强调状态；get ready“为......做准备”，强调准备的动作。
- She helps me with my homework and she always gives her seat on the bus to someone in need.
【探究】(1) help sb. with sth.=help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事。
(2) in need(= in trouble) 是介词短语，意为“有需要的，处于需要状态的”，通常作后置定语。
【拓展】be in need of sth.需要某物 in great need of很需要
【例题】
(1)我们应该随时准备帮助需要帮助的人。We should be ready to help people_______ ________.
(2)那里的人很需要医生和护士。People there are_______ ______ ______ of doctors and nurses.
(3)今晚你能帮我做家庭作业吗？Can you_______ ______ _______ my homework this evening.
- Everyone为不定代词，相当于everybody。作主语时谓语动词用单数。
【辨析】everyone与every one
(1) everyone指人，every one既可指人也可指物。
(2) Everyone不能与of连用，而every one可以，意为“......中的每一个”。
【例题】Everyone in pur class________ (have) a pet.
- say a bad word about sb.=speak ill of sb.说某人的坏话
【拓展】say a good word about sb.=speak well of sb.说某人的好话
【例题】(1) ---Shall we go and________ “hello” to the foreign teachers? ---Good idea! Let’s go.
A. say B. speak C. talk D. Shout
(2) The two pictures look the same to me. It’s hard to______ one from the other.
A. speak B. say C. talk D. tell
Grammar
1. What is his height= How tall is he?他多高？height 形容词为high
一、 adj.比较级的用法
1. 表一方超过另一方用“比较级 + than…”
- “the +比较级, the+比较级 越…, 越…
eg. 1) 越多越好。the more, the better 2) 越少越坏。The less, the worse
3. “比较级+and +比较级” “more and more +原级” (只用于以“more”构成比较级的词) 意为“越来越......”
eg. 1) 他的鞋子越来越脏。His shoes are_______________________
2) 衣服越来越贵。Clothes are _________________________________________________
- “the + 比较级 + of 两者”表示“在两者中较…
eg. Lily is _____________ (short) of the two girls.
5. 为免重复，在than后常用one(s), that, those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。
eg. The weather there is better than _____ in Nanjing.
A. one B. it C. that D. Those
6. 在比较级前可用 much, even, a little, a lot等来修饰
eg. Now the air in our hometown is ______ than it was before.
A. much better B. more worse C. more better D. much worst
- “Which/Who is+比较级， A or B?”意为“A和B哪一个/谁更......?”
- “比较级+ than any other+单数名词”或“比较级+ than the other+复数名词”意为
“比其他......都要......”
eg. Spring is the best season.
=Spring is better ____ ____ _____ ______.=Spring is better _____ ____ _____ _______.
二、adj.最高级的用法
- 三者或以上相比, 表示最高程度用 “the/one’s + 最高级+ of/among/in … ”
(1) in表示环境范围，其后的名词与主语不是同一概念范畴；
(2) of表示对象范畴，其后的名词与主语是同一概念范畴。
(3) among通常接代词宾格、指示代词these, those以及没有数词修饰的复数名词
- one of +the +最高级+复数名词“最…之一”
eg. The hair clip is one of _______________ (pretty) among those ones.
He was one of _______________(fast) _____________(swim).
3.最高级+范围=比较级+than any other +单数名词 =比较级+than the other +复数名词
Max是我们班最高的男生。 Max is the tallest boy in our class
=Max is taller than any other boy in our class.=Max is taller than the other boys in our class.
- the second/third/fourth…+最高级表示“第几……”
eg. Millie is the third tallest in her class.
eg. Huanghe is shorter than Changjiang, but longer than the other rivers in China.
= Huanghe is ______ _______ ________ river in China.
5. “Which/Who+系动词+the+最高级，A，B or C” 意为“A 、B 和C哪一个最......?”
【注意】(1). He is _________ (tall) of the 3 students. He is _________ (tall) of the 2 students.
(2) Which is +比较级, A or B? Which is+最高级,A, B or C?
(3) Beijing is bigger than __D_ city in China. Beijing is bigger than __B__ city in Jiangsu.
A. all the other B. any C. other D. any other
易混淆的两个句型：
He is the tallest (tall) of the 3 students. He is the taller (tall) of the 2 students
Integrated ＆Skills Task
1. plan为可数名词，复数形式为plans. Make a study plan 制定一个学生计划；
make a plan for...为......制定计划
【拓展】plan还可作动词，意为“计划，打算”；plan to do sth.计划做某事
【例题】我们打算这个周末去公园。
We’re________ ________ __________ to the park this weekend.
- famous常作定语或表语，即可修饰人，也可修饰物。
be famous for因......而出名，闻名，强调出名的原因；
be famous as“以......(身份)出名”，as后常接表示职业的名词。
【例题】Sanya is famous______ its beautiful beaches. A. of B. for C. As
鲁迅在中国以作家出名。Lu Xun________ ________ ________ a writer in China.
- make friends 交朋友；make friends with sb.与某人交朋友
- What’s he like?他怎么样？
【探究】what’s sb. like句型,意为“某人（为人或长相）怎么样？”。常用来询问人的性格、品质，也可用来询问人的相貌。
【拓展】what does sb. look like?意为“某人长得如何”，用来询问人的相貌。
【例题】----_________? ----He is humorous.
A. How is he B. What does he look like C. What does he like D. What is he like
- smiling形容词（微笑的，带着笑意的）
【探究】smiling既可作表语，也可作定语。其中动词为smile，后可接介词at或to.
【例题】(1) 她对我微笑了，多好啊！She________ at me. How wonderful!
(2) 他那双充满笑意的眼睛表明他很友好。His__________ eyes show he is very friendly.
- patient形容词（耐心的）既可作定语，也可作表语；patient反义词impatient(没有耐心的)
be patient with sb./ sth.对某人/某事有耐心。
【拓展】patient还可作名词，意为“病人”，是可数名词。
【例题】她对孩子们很有耐心。She________ ________ ________ _________ the children.
- Kate is both my neighbour and my best friends.凯特既是我的邻居又是我最好的朋友。
【探究】both...and意为“既......又......”,连接并列结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
【例题】______ Tom_____Peter are fond of watching TV.
A. Not only; but also B. Both; and C. Either; or D. Neither; nor
巩固练习
一、词汇
A）请根据题中空格后的中文提示、英文释义或音标，写出句中所缺单词，使句子通顺。
1. The girl is getting fatter and fatter, so she eats less to lose her w_____________.
2.The play wasn’t interesting at all. We all felt very _________________(not interesting).
3.My father likes reading __________________(杂志) about cars when he is free.
4.She will not tell this to anyone. She can keep s_______________.
5.A lot of people like her song very much for her sweet v_____________.
B) 请根据句意，从方框中选用合适的词，并用其适当形式填空，使句子通顺, 每词限一次。
1.He often tells funny jokes and makes us happy. He is __________________.
2.Her _____________ face told us that she was very happy at that moment.
3. Betty is very generous and ___________ to share her things with others.
4.I think Peter is __________________ among the six students.
5.My mother says she feels much ________________ today.
C) 请根据句意，从方框中选用合适的动词, 并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。
1.We often _____________ a room when we were in England.
2. It’s a fine day. Why not _______________ the Great Wall with us?
3.What does Simon want to do when he _________ up?
4. You can do what you can __________ the old.
5. Both Li Lei and Han Meimei __________ interested in the film.
二、单项选择
( )1.This is ________ interesting work. We really enjoy it.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )2.Did Lisa tell you ________ in the letter?
A. funny anything B. anything funny C. funny something D. something funny
( )3. It will be ________ if you buy a return ticket on the train when you travel in England.
A. much cheap B. more cheaply C. much cheaper D. more cheap
( )4.Tom, you must do the homework __________ . Don’t copy your sister’s.
A yourselves B. yourself C.himself D. themselves
( )5. There is a big cake. ____________ share it.
A. May be we can B. We may be C. Maybe we can D. Maybe can we
( )6.Millie wants to __________ you ___________ her new school.
A. tell, about B. talk, about C. tell, on D. talk, on
( )7.My dad makes me _______ the piano for three hours every day.
A. playing B. to play C. play D. plays
( )8. Lucy didn’t make any mistakes in the maths exam. She is ______ than any other student.
A. much careful B. more careful C. more careless D. the most careful
( )9.What makes you _________ today than yesterday?
A. happy B. happily C. happier D. happiest
( )10.Listening is as _________ as speaking in language learning.
A. important B. more important C. most important D. the most important
( )11.I didn’t know which T-shirt was _______, so I took them both.
A. nicer B. well C. best D. good
( )12.What’s your best friend like? ___________
A He’s fine, thank you B. He likes watching TV
C. He’s a teacher D. He’s helpful and generous
( )13. –Which of the two T-shirt will you take?
-I’ll take _________. One is for my brother and the other is for myself.
A either B. both C. all D. every
三、按要求完成句子
1.Max is the tallest boy in his class. （改为同义句)
Max is _________ than ________ _________ in his class.
Max is _________ than ________ _________ in his class.
2. When I feel worried about something, I can always go to her. (改为同义句)
When something ________ ________ , I can always go to her.
3.This bag is 90 yuan. That bag is 70 yuan（改为同义句）
This bag is _______ ________ that one.
That bag is _______ ________ this one.
That bag is _______ ________ _______ ________ this one.
That bag is _______ ________ _______ this one.
4. 上海比中国的其他任何一个城市都要大。
- 上海比日本的任何一个城市都要大。
- 南京比江苏的其他城市都要大。南京市江苏最大的城市之一。
- 你越是仔细，你犯的错误将会越少。
8. Tom是双胞胎中较高的那个。
9.长江是世界第三长河。
10. 我们的国家将会越来越美丽。
四、假设你Sandy请根据下面的要点提示，发挥适当的想象，写一篇70词左右的英语短文介绍一下你自己。 要点提示：
1. 个子不高，圆脸，小鼻子，短发，笑咪咪的眼睛让人觉得很亲切；
2. 聪明勤奋，最擅长英语、语文，但是最不擅长数学；
3. 长大后想当一名医生，帮助人们保持身体健康。[来源:Z|xx|k.Com]
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