(通用版)高考英语二轮复习写作备考技巧专题07《写作必备的it句型引人入胜的开头》(含答案)

2020年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧

专题（七） 写作必备it句型+引人入胜的开头

 it本身用作代词外，也常作形式主语或形式宾语。在英语中，为了避免头重脚轻，即主语太长 ，我们会经常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语后置。这时真正的主语常为不定式、从句或动名词；相应地有时候如果宾语太长，我们也会用it作形式宾语而去替换它们。这样就会显得句子更为平衡。跟it相关的一些重要句式也常用语写作当中；灵活运用这些句型可以使书面表达更为高级和紧凑。

一．   it作形式主语的常用写作句型

1. It takes (sb.) time /energy/effort… to do…

It took the police three weeks to get the criminal arrested.

2. It is/was + 形容词 + of/for sb. to do…, 其中of表示一个人的品质；for表示一个事情的特征

It’s necessary for you to have a good knowledge of Tang Poetry. (2017全国一卷书面表达)

It’s diligent of him to spend an hour a day learning a foreign language.

3. It is/was + 形容词 + that…

It’s significant that we students get well prepared for their own future.

4. It is a +名词+ (for sb.) to do…

It’s a virtue and tradition for us Chinese to give assistance to those in need.

5. It is/was a pity/shame/ that… ……真遗憾

It’s a pity that you didn’t attend the evening party last night.

6. It’s my honor/privilege/pleasure to do sth…

It’s my great privilege to be here, sharing this moment with our friends from the Great Britain. (2016天津高考书面表达)

It’s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes. (2018北京高考书面表达)

7. It is/was reported/believed/said...过去分词 that…

It’s known to all that “Where there’s a will, there’s a way.”

8. It seems/appears/happens that…

Taking of energy saving and greenhouse reduction, it happens that I have read a report on this topic in a newspaper.

9. It occurs to/hits/strikes sb that… 某人突然想起……

It occurred to me that I should give the rooms a thorough cleaning. (2013陕西高考书面表达)

It suddenly hit me that traditional culture is of great charm and huge value. (2018北京高考书面表达)

10. It is (about/high) time that…did…

It’s high time that the government took proper steps to settle the traffic problems.

11. It matters that/if/whether/疑问词

It doesn’t matter whether you make mistakes or not.

12. It is/was one’s turn to do…

It is your turn to clean our classroom this afternoon.

13. It is/was no good/use/useless doing…做……无用

It is no use/useless advising him to change his mind; he is too stubborn.

14. It is/was no surprise/wonder that………不足为怪

The Internet keeps us informed of the latest news and also provides entertainment in the house. It is no wonder that it’s so popular worldwide.

15. It goes without saying that………不言而喻

Therefore, it goes without saying that it is this proverb that brings me motivation and encouragement.

16. It is one’s + 名词 + 同位语从句

It’s my sincere hope that you can spare some time for a visit to Tianjin again. (2017天津高考书面表达)

二．   it作形式宾语的常用写作句型

1. find/consider/feel/think/make/suppose/assume…it +形容词/名词+ to do/doing/that从句

I think it great fun to learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty. (2017全国一卷书面表达)

2. I would appreciate it if…

I would appreciate it if you could reply to me at your earliest convenience. (2017全国三卷书面表达)

3. Sb. likes/loves/hates/dislikes it when…

I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone.

三．   其它常用的it写作句型

1. When it comes to…

When it comes to the season I like best, spring will always occur to me in no time. (2016四川高考书面表达)

2. It is the first/second… time that sb. has done…

It is the first time that I’ve been a volunteer, so I am now receiving all the training involved.(2017天津高考书面表达)

3. It is/has been + 时间段 + since… 自从……已有多长时间了……

While it has been more than a year since you taught us English, I’ve missed you a lot. (2017天津高考书面表达)

4. It be + 时间段 + before… ……过了多久才……

Don’t be gloomy. I will be half a year before we get together again.

提升训练

一．    用it作形式主语或宾语翻译下列句子。

1. 非常遗憾我不得不取消我们周日一起去书店的约定。

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2. 显然，这次经历将会成为一个愉快的回忆。

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3. 据报道，这次事故是由于四季的粗心驾驶造成的。

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4. 而且，多与你的美国朋友一起参加户外活动对你更好，这可以帮助你放松。

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5. 作为你亲密的朋友，我认为这对你来说是一个很好的机会，所以我想告诉你一些有关它的细节。

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6. 这是我第一次跨出国门，踏上异国土地。

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7. 父母通常有如此高的期望值，以至于孩子们觉得很难不辜负父母的期望。

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8. 当谈及足球时，他就更兴奋了。

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9. 我们从一中毕业已经十年了。

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10. 我认为这会让你感兴趣，因为你一直热衷于乒乓球运动。

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11. 在我看来，保护地球是每个人的责任。

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12. 不久之后，在我们学校存车处有了两个入口，使得我们在那里存放自行车更加容易。

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13. 当谈及我所在的班级时，我必须说不能忍受一些同学的自私。

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14. 我突然想起在什么地方见过他。

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15. 据说教授已经成功地完成了这个实验。

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      题目一

【答案】

1. It’s a great pity that I have to call off the Sunday bookstore appointment with you.
2. It’s evident that this experience will be a pleasant memory.
3. It was reported that the accident resulted from the driver’s careless driving.
4. Furthermore, it’s better for you to join in more outdoor activities with your American friends, which can help you relax.
5. As your close friend, I think it a great opportunity for you, so I’d like to tell you some details about it.
6. It is the first time that I have left my country and set foot on foreign soil.
7. Parents usually have such high expectations that their children find it hard to live up to them.
8. When it comes to football, he is more excited.
9. It is/has been ten years since we graduated from No. 1 High School.
10. I consider it appealing to you, for you have been enthusiastic about table tennis.
11. As far as I’m concerned, it is everyone’s duty to protect the earth.
12. Soon after, there are two entrances to the parking place in our school, making it easier for us to park our bikes there.
13. When it comes to my class, I have to say that I can’t put up with some students’ selfishness.
14. It struck me that I had met him somewhere.
15. It’s said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.

二． 概要写作。阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored (监控) in different ways，researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e­mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”

Researchers analyzing word­of­mouth communication—e­mails, Web posts and reviews, face­to­face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e­mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non­science articles. He found that science amazed The Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article was, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, Contagious: Why Things Catch On.

题目二

【答案】One possible version:

          Nowadays scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. This is because when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. It was found by them that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non­science articles and that readers also tended to share positive and exciting articles.

引人入胜的开头

一篇好的书面表达讲究“起、承、转、合”。“起”是文章的开头，要做到简洁有力、引人入胜；“承、转”是文章的中间部分，要做到内容充实的同时借用各种写作技巧和衔接过渡词，使文章从整体上层次分明、逻辑清晰；“合”是文章的结尾部分，要做到照应主题，回味深远。俗话说，“Well begun is half done.”；一个好的开头，不仅能引起阅卷老师的兴趣，也能留下好的印象。

一．            以下是一些常见的开篇方法：

1. 开门见山式

用简单明白的叙述引出话题，让读者直观了解要谈论的主题是什么。多用于邀请信、申请信、道歉信和求助信等。

①.I am writing to invite you to see the Chinese paper-cutting exhibition to be held this Sunday. (2017全二卷书面表达)

②.I am more than delighted to receive your letter knowing your coming to China. (2017北京高考书面表达)

2. 背景介绍式

这类开头多用于要求就某一社会现象进行分析的书面表达，要交代写信事件或社会热点现象发生的背景，比如网络投票，公共场所不文明现象，环境保护，节约型社会等。可用于邀请信，议论文等书面表达。

①.As a major channel of consumption information, the rating is an efficient source of information for shopping in our own consumption. Interestingly, the same rating may have different influences on different consumers.(2018江苏高考书面表达)

②.Online voting becomes increasingly popular, and many competitions get involved in it. It is beneficial to some people, whereas it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not. (2017江苏高考书面表达)

③.Last time you told you me you looked forward to learning more about traditional culture….(2017年全国二卷书面表达)

④.We’re going to Yendang Mountain to have an outing on July 8. We really hope you can join us.

3. 自我介绍式

此类开头多用于与陌生人之间的通信与交流，由于双方关系陌生，故需要先自我介绍，比如询问信、申请信、投诉信、求助信和建议信等。

①.I am Li Hua, a Senior 3 student. Hearing that some volunteers are wanted to welcome the foreign students, I am gladly writing to apply for this job. (2018浙江高考书面表达)

②.I am Li Hua, a student from your writing class. There’s going to be an exhibition in the Art Museum on Sunday.

③.I am one of your students, Li Hua, from Class Two. I’m writing to ask for your help. (2016全国一卷书面表达)

4. 询问问候式

询问开头是一种客套语，给人亲近的感觉，也是书信中一种常见的礼貌交流方式。可用于熟人的信件中。

How are you doing? I am Li Hua. I’m glad to tell you the table tennis in our school is recruiting new players. (2017全国三卷书面表达)

5. 感谢来信式

这种开头多用于回信表示感谢、请求建议或帮助等。

①.I’m glad to hear from you. I’m writing to tell you that everything goes well with me. (2017天津高考书面表达)

②.It’s great to hear from you. I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history.

6. 列举事例式

开头列举事例往往通过一个现象或事例引出相关的话题，接着在点名文章主题。可用于议论文、记叙文、文章续写或夹叙夹议的文体。

①.Last night I was preparing for the coming examination when the noise from my neighborhood interrupted me.

②.Nowadays, people in many big cities are complaining about heavy traffic, seriously affecting people’s daily life and economic development.

7. 引语使用式

摘录或引用名人名言或常见的习语、谚语等作为文章开端。（具体更多谚语请详见学案一）

As the saying goes, “As every thread of gold is valuable, so is every moment of time.” It’s indeed the case.

8. 描述图表式

引用已经证实的某些统计数字来引出话题和问题，可以用于数据分析图的书面表达。

①.As is indicated in the graph, the box-office income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015. However, that increase slowed down in 2016. (2017江苏高考书面表达)

这种开头也可以描述漫画型的书面表达，先描述图片内容再透过现象看本质。

②.As is vividly shown in the picture, one person is asking the other to do some voluntary labor.

9. 问题描述式

用提出问题的方式来引出文章的话题和内容，引起读者的思考或兴趣，可用于议论文等问题。

Every student will be confronted with the choice when he passes the College Entrance Examination. Should he choose a good major or a good university first? Answers vary from student to student.

10. 主题抛入式

提出一个观点或论据作为文章要阐明和归纳的主题，可用于议论文、概要写作等。

The aged have a place in our country’s development, since they are wiser, more experienced in problem solving and flexible in time.

    二． 常用于开头和结尾的短语和句型：

1. As is known to all,…/It is known to all that…/What is known to all is that...
2. As far as…is concerned,…
3. As far as we know,…
4. As the proverb/saying goes,…
5. As has already been discussed,…
6. As we can see from the above table,…
7. The picture presents to us that…
8. Recently, we held…
9. The drawing bears a deep meaning in it that…
10. The chart shows the differences between…
11. The graph represents…
12. There’s a widespread concern over the issue that…
13. This kind of phenomenon isn’t unusual in our society…
14. Compared with/to…,…
15. To begin/start with,…
16. To tell the truth,…
17. We must recognize the fact that…
18. What calls for special attention is that…
19. What we believe is that…
20. When it comes to…, …
21. As a consequence/As a result,
22. From this point of view,…
23. With the development of…
24. If we can do as mentioned above, there is no doubt that…
25. Only with combined efforts can we…
26. Therefore, we have the reason to believe that…
27. Last but not least
28. In a word/In brief/In conclusion/In short/In summary

根据提示翻译下列书面表达的开头。

1. 我写信请你帮忙。我正在申请去一家外资公司做兼职。(开门见山式)

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2. 常言道，“世上无难事，只怕有心人”。(引语使用式)

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3. 交通问题是一个棘手的事情。它不仅影响我们的日常生活，也会威胁着人们的生命。上述所提的三种现象就是典型的例子。(列举事例式)

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4. 越来越多的中国年轻人喜欢过洋节。中国传统节日似乎渐渐没了吸引力。(背景介绍式)

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5. 上周五，我们邀请了一位特殊的嘉宾参加我们学校一年一度的艺术节。(背景介绍式)

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6. 从图中可以看出，自从2014年，海归人数 (overseas returnees) 就在不断增长。仅2014年就有69300的留学生回国，而2017年的海归人数剧增到186200. (描述图片式)

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【答案】

1. I’m writing to ask you for help. I’m applying for a part-time job in a foreign capital company.
2. As the saying goes, “Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.”
3. The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten people’s lives. The three phenomena presented above are typical examples.
4. An increasing number of Chinese youngsters are fond of celebrating western festivals these days. It seems that traditional Chinese festivals are losing their attraction.
5. Last week, a special guest was invited to our annual school art festival.
6. As is indicated in the picture, the number of overseas returnees have been on the rise since 2014. In 2014 alone, about 69.3 thousand returnees came back to China while the year 2017 witnessed a boom with a total of 186.2 thousand overseas returnees.