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初中英语外研版 (新标准)九年级下册Module 2 Education综合与测试公开课课件ppt
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这是一份初中英语外研版 (新标准)九年级下册Module 2 Education综合与测试公开课课件ppt，文件包含27Module2模块小结课件pptx、27Module2模块小结练习解析版doc、27Module2模块小结练习原卷版doc等3份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共60页， 欢迎下载使用。
英语（外研版）
九年级 上册
Module 2 Public holidays
English
模块小结
要点1 wear的用法wear作动词,意为“穿;戴”,其过去式为wore,过去分词为worn。辨析wear, dress, put on与 be in
例如:My sister is wearing a pair of sunglasses.我的妹妹戴着一副太阳镜。My son is too young to dress himself.我的儿子太小,还不能自己穿衣服。It’s cold outside. Please put on the sweater.外面很冷。请穿上这件毛衣。Our English teacher is in a red dress.我们的英语老师穿着一条红裙子。
【典例分析】完成句子1）你能给婴儿穿衣服吗？Can you _________the baby?【点拨】dress。表示穿的动作,其宾语通常是人。2）她今天穿着一件红色外套。 She ___________________ a red coat today.【点拨】is in/ is dressing in。强调状态,其后接颜色或某种颜色的衣服。如果表示状态,则用be/get dressed in...“穿着……”。
3）他穿上他的外套出门去了。 He __________ his coat and went out. 【点拨】put on强调动作,其宾语通常是衣物。4）你认识那个穿黑衣服的男孩吗？ Do you know the boy who______________ black?【点拨】is in/ is dressing in。强调状态,其后接颜色或某种颜色的衣服。如果表示状态,则用be/get dressed in...“穿着……”。 5）我的祖父总是戴着眼镜。My grandpa always___________ a pair of glasses.【点拨】wears wear意为“穿;戴”,强调“穿着/戴着”的状态,其宾语通常为服装、鞋帽、首饰、眼镜.6)快穿上衣服，外面很冷。____________your coat quickly, it’s cold outside.【点拨】Put on put on强调动作,其宾语通常是衣物。
2.选择填空 1. She hurriedly _______the child and took him downstairs. A. put on B. wore C. dressed D. had on【点拨】A。wear意为“穿;戴”,强调“穿着/戴着”的状态,其宾语通常为服装、鞋帽、首饰、眼镜。dress意为“给……穿衣服”,表示穿的动作,其宾语通常是人。put on意为“穿上;戴上”,强调动作,其宾语通常是衣物。Have on 表示状态。2. The child doesn’t need any help. He is old enough to________. A. put on B. wear C. dress himself【点拨】C。
要点2 pass的用法及与past区别1.pass作动词,意为“及格;通过(考试或检查)”,指在考试或测验中过关。例如:She was glad to pass the Chinese exam.通过了语文考试,她很高兴。2.pass作动词,还可意为“传递;经过”。例如:Pass the book to me, please.请把那本书递给我。I pass the shop every day.我每天都经过那家商店。3.pass作名词,意为“及格;入场证;通行证”。例如:Here is your pass, Mary.玛丽,这是你的入场证。4.常见pass短语小结:pass away消失;去世pass by走过;(时间)逝去pass on继续下去pass sth.to sb.=pass sb. sth.把某物递给某人
pastprep. 用作介词意为“超过;到另一侧;晚于;在……之后”。adv. 经过n. 名词“过去 往昔“adj. 作形容词“过去的，从前的”词组：in the past另外希望大家能够区分pass和past，前者是动词，而后者则是介词或副词
【典例分析】一、指出下列各句‘past’的用法1.I walk past the farm every day on my way to work【点拨】句意：我每天在上班的路上经过农场。past adv. 经过2.I will never forget the past days.【点拨】句意：我永远不会忘记过去的日子。past adj. 作形容词“过去的，从前的”3.We can't change the past.【点拨】句意：我们不能改变过去。past n.名词“过去 往昔“4.It is half past ten.【点拨】句意：现在是十点半。past 用作介词意为“超过”5.She ran past with a smile.【点拨】句意：她微笑着跑了过去。past adv. 经过6.In the past, life was very hard.【点拨】句意：过去，生活很艰难。past n. 名词“过去 往昔“
三、请用pass和past填空He ran ________________ the building.He _____________ him without a word.【点拨】past passed四. He ________ by me but didn't notice me.A．passes B．past C．passed D．goes past【点拨】C此题用分析句子结构法。空格处为谓语，应用动词pass，past 介词，“通过，穿过”。如I go past the hospital every day.再由后半句可知前面的时态应为一般过去时，故选C。
要点3 absent的用法1.absent作形容词,意为“缺席的;不在场的;茫然的”,既可作定语,也可作表语;其反义词为present,意为“在场的;出席的”。absent作表语时,常用短语为be absent from,意为“缺席;没有到场”;其反义短语是be present at,意为“出席”。例如:John was absent from the press conference because of his bad cold.约翰因为重感冒缺席了记者招待会。2.absent作动词,是及物动词,常接反身代词作宾语。表示“做某事缺席”时,其后也接from。例如:He absented himself from the meeting.他缺席了会议。3.点名时,若自己在场,用“Here.”或“Present.”回答,意为“到;有”;若自己不在场,旁人可用“Absent.”回答,意为“不在”。
【典例分析】1.昨天你为什么缺席会议？Why______________________________ yesterday?【点拨】are you absent from 2.If you are often from classes, you may fail in the final examination. A. absent B. quiet C. active D. silent【点拨】A 根据题干中的"You may fail in the final examination "可知,此处是说"如果你总是缺课,期末考试你可能会不及格",故用absent"缺席"。quiet"安静的";active"积极的";silent"沉默的"。3. Today he didn't come to school again. He has been a_________ from classes for a week.（首字母填写单词）【点拨】absent是形容词, 意为“缺席的”
要点4 instead of的用法1.instead of是短语介词 ,意为“代替;而不是”,其后可以接名词、代词或动名词等。例如:We will play football instead of swimming.我们要去踢足球,而不是游泳。2.instead作副词,意为“代替;反而;却”,常用于句尾或句首。若位于句首,常用逗号与后面内容隔开。She didn’t study. Instead, she played table tennis the whole day.她没有学习。相反,她打了一天乒乓球。Tom didn’t go to see a film. Instead, he read at home.
【典例分析】1.根据句意, 选用instead或instead of填空。1) Mary is going to Shanghai __________Guangzhou.2) Jack didn’t do his homework. ________, he went to see a film.3) Ann said nothing. She began to cry ________.4) I have to do my homework __________ going out.【点拨】1.instead of 2.instead 3.instead 4.instead of
2.昨晚他待在家里，而没有去看电影He stayed at home_________ ________ ________ to the cinema last night.【点拨】instead of going3.她没有玩电脑游戏，而是为考试而学习。She didn’t play computer games. She studied for the test __________.【点拨】instead 4.He didn't answer my question. Instead，he asked me a question.(同义改写)＝He asked me a question_________ ________ ___________my question. 【点拨】instead of asking5. What a nice day！We should go sightseeing ________ watching TV in the hotel.A．because of B．instead of C．together with D．instead【点拨】句意：多好的一天！我们应该去观光而不是在旅馆看电视。instead of作为介词短语，意为“而不是”，其后常接名词、代词或动名词等。6．Miss White doesn't like buying nice clothes. She likes collecting storybooks________. A．instead B．either C．too D．instead of 【点拨】A instead
要点5 none的用法none作代词,表示全部否定,意为“没有一个;毫无”。辨析none与neither
例如:None of us like/likes swimming.我们中没有人喜欢游泳。All of us like swimming.我们所有人都喜欢游泳。Neither of us speaks English.我们两个都不说英语。Both of us speak English.我们两个都说英语。
both，all，either与neither★辨析both，all，either与neither（1）both指“两者都”，可与and搭配。both的反义词是neither，常与nor连用。如：Both of my parents are teachers.我的父母都是老师。（2）all指“三者或三者以上全部、都”，反义词是none。My brothers and I are all at school. 我和我的兄弟们都在上学。（3）either指“两者中任意一个”，either...or...意思是“或者……或者……”。当它连接并列主语时，谓语动词要与最靠近的主语保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。如： Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错，就是我错。（4）neither指“两者都不”，neither...nor...意思是“既不……也不……”。连接并列主语时也遵循“就近原则”。如：Neither he nor I am well educated. 他和我都没有受过良好的教育。（5）not only ….. but also 不仅….. 而且 neither……nor 既不…...也不 either…… or 或者….. 或者 要么….. 要么 both……and 既…….又
【典例分析】1.—Would you like some juice or coffee?—________is OK. I really don't care. A．Both B．Either C．All D．Neither【点拨】B . either指“两者中任意一个” 2. —Would you like some juice or coffee?—________is OK. I really like some tea. A．Both B．Either C．All D．Neither【点拨】D neither指“两者都不”3.—I don't like such TV programmes. They are too boring.—________. It's a waste(浪费) of time.A. Me neither B. I'm sorry C. The same to you D. That's OK【点拨】A句意：--我不喜欢这样的电视节目，它们太无聊了。--我也不喜欢，浪费时间。A. Me neither我也不；B. I'm sorry很抱歉；C. The same to you 你也一样； D. That's OK 没关系，根据答句中It's a waste(浪费) of time.可知说话人也不喜欢，故选A。
4.用both，all，either与neither填空1）.________the two boys__________(be) clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。2）.__________of the two boys ________(be) clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。3）.__________of the two boys ________(be) clever. 两个男孩都不聪明4）.There are flowers on ___________ sides of the road. 路边长满了野花。5）.There are flowers on ________ side of the road. 路边长满了野花。6）. _________ the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。7）. ________of us are from China.我们都来自中国。8）. Her parents are ____________doctors.她父母都是医生。9）The two coats are cheap, so you can choose ________ of them.那两件外套不贵，你可以随便挑一件10）All the coats are cheap, so you can choose _______ of them. 所有的外套不贵，你可以随便挑一件。【点拨】1.Both are 2.Either is 3.Neither is 4.both 5.either 6.All 7.All 8.both 9.either 10.any
5.完成句子not only ….. but also neither……nor either…… or both……and 1.在学校老师们不仅给我们传播知识而且还教我们如何做人。At school teachers teach us ________ _________ knowledge_______ _______ how to be good.2．他和我还没有看过这部电影。 __________ he ___________ I __________ ____________ the film yet. 3. 只有一张入场券，杰克和你当中只能一个人去看时装展。There is only one ticket. ________ Jack ________ you will go to the fashion show.4. 肯特和孩子们都不想去动物园。_________ Kent _________ the children wanted to go to the zoo.5,John 和Peter 在电影院看见Jolie 时，都很吃惊_______ ________ John ______ ________ Peter ________ surprised when they saw Jolie in the cinema._______ John ______ Peter ________ surprised when they saw Jolie in the cinema.6, 只有一个座位，要不你去，要不我去。There is only one seat, ________ you _______ I can go.【点拨】1.not only but also 2.Neither nor have seen 3.either or 4.Both and 5.Not only but also was Both and were 6.either or
要点6 take place的用法take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例如：Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. 在过去的十年，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。【拓展】happen和take place的辨析：（1）happen指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。例如： What happened to him? 他出了什么事？（2）take place常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计划发生”。例如： The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。【注意】happen和take place均为不及物动词，无被动语态。
【典例分析】1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)【点拨】A car accident happened to him yesterday. Sth. + happen to sb：表示“某人发生了某事” “偶然发生的事故”所以用happen。2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)【点拨】 Our hometown has taken place a lot in the past 10 years. take place：指计划，安排之内的发生。这里不用happen。3.昨天我在武汉碰巧看见他。(翻译句子)【点拨】I happened to see him in Wuhan yesterday. Sb + happen to do sth：表示“某人碰巧发生了某事”4. An earthquake __________________ when people were sleeping at night. A. happened B. took place C. had D. appeared【点拨】A句意：当人们在夜里正在睡觉的时候，一起地震发生了。考查易混动词辨析。happen为偶然突然发生；take place为有机会有安排发生；have为拥有；appear为出现，显现。根据句中所描述的earthquake应属于突然发生。故选A。
5. I happened _________________ a little cat on my way home from school. A. saving B. to save C. on saving D. saved【点拨】B句意：在我放学回家的路上，我碰巧救了一只小猫。考查非谓语动词与happen的搭配。根据happen常用搭配为happen to do sth碰巧做了某事。故选B。6.请就坐。【点拨】Please take your place, class. 7.Bob下月将取代经理的位置。【点拨】 Bob will take the place of the manager next month.8. Great changes _________________________ in my hometown, I was nearly lost in the street. A. happened B. appear C. took place D. showed【点拨】C句意：在我的家乡发生了巨大变化，我在大街上几乎差一点都迷路了。考查易混动词辨析。take place：有计划、有目的发生；happen：偶然、碰巧发生；appear展现，出现；show展示，出示。根据句意。故选C。
要点7 a bit的用法a bit 和 a little都作“稍微；一点儿” 二者的主要用法如下： a bit 和 a little 在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、 副词及其比较级, 可以换用, 表示“一点儿”。The speaker spoke up a bit/a little loudly so as to make himself heard more clearly. 演讲者把嗓音提高一点，以便使别人听得清楚。a bit 和 a little都作“稍微；一点儿” ② a bit 和 a little 在否定句中, 意思正好相反。 not a bit = not at all 一点儿都不 not a little = very (much) 很、非常I’m not a bit tired. = I’m not tired at all. 我一点也不累。 I’m not a little tired. = I’m very tired. 我非常累。 ③ a little可以直接作定语修饰名词, 而a bit则要在后面加of 构成短语才能作定语, 两者都只能修饰不可数名词。There’s only a little / a bit of food left for lunch.午餐只剩一点儿食品了
【典例分析】1. The new student is ______ shy.A. a little bit B. little C. a bit of D. bit【点拨】A。a little bit 等于a little 或者a bit ，可以修饰形容词。a bit of 只能修饰不可数名词。little 和bit 都不可以修饰形容词。本题空格后是形容词shy，故选A。用a little, a bit或a bit of填空. （1-3题）2.He feels ________________ better today. 【点拨】a little/a bit . a bit ; a little都可以用作程度副词，修饰动词、形容词、副词或比较级3.She is ________________ tired. 【点拨】a little/ a bit a bit ; a little都可以用作程度副词，修饰动词、形容词、副词或比较级4.There is ________________ milk in the bottle. 【点拨】a little/a bit of a bit ; a little都可以修饰不可数名词数量，而a bit必须与of连用。
5. His younger brother feels _____________ better today. A. more B. a bit of C. a little D. too【点拨】C句意：他的小弟弟今天感觉有点好了。考查副词辨析。根据句中的better为形容词最高级，判断应该使用可以修饰形容词及其比较级形式的程度副词。而供选答案中只有a little可以。供选C。6. There is ____________ water in the bottle. You can drink it. A. a bit B. little C. a bit of D. a little of【点拨】C句意：在瓶子里还有一点水。你可以把它喝掉。考查易混词辨析。根据句中你可以喝掉，判断瓶子里应该还有水，而供选答案中可以用来修饰不可数名词water肯定意义的只有 a bit of；a little修饰不可数名词数量不与of连用。供选C。
要点8 present（1）present作形容词，意为“出席的，在场的”；还意为“现在的，当前的”。例如：How many people were present at the meeting? 到会的有多少人? I’m not at all satisfied with the present situation. 我对目前的情况一点都不满意。 （2）present作名词，意为“礼物，赠品”。the present意为“现在，目前”。 例如：He often gave his neighbor’s kids little presents. 他常常送些小礼物给邻居的孩子。There is no time like the present. 机不可失，时不再来。 （3）present作及物动词，意为“赠送，呈献”后接to/with。例如：They presented him with a bunch of flowers. 他们献给他一束鲜花。 present sth to sb = present sb with sth 赠予、授予某人某物 at present(名词) = at the present(形容词) time 目前；现在
【典例分析】1.Tim saved two students in the fire. The headmaster will ________ the prize to him at the meeting. A. promise B. practise C. prepare D. present【答案】本题考查动词辨析。promise 意为“保证；承诺”，practise意为“练习”，prepare意为“准备”， present意为“授予”，结合语境可知应选D。2. 我的朋友送给我一把漂亮的扇子作为礼物。My friend gave me a beautiful fan _________ _________ ______________. 【答案】as a present 3. 上次参加会议的人比这次多。More people ___________ _________ the meeting last time than this time. 【答案】were presented 4. 他们现在正在参观巴黎。They are visiting Paris __________ __________. 【答案】at present
要点9 enough（1）enough是形容词，意为“充足的，充分的，足够的”，可作表语或定语，作定语时，可放在名词的前面或后面。例如： The food is enough for the trip. 用于这次旅行的食物足够了。 I have enough time to watch TV. 我有足够的时间看电视。（2）enough还可作副词，意为“足够地”，这时enough需放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。例如： The young man is strong enough to carry the heavy bag. 那个年轻人足够强壮能搬动重包。【拓展】（1）enough…to do sth. “有足够的……做某事”。例如： I don’t have enough time to eat lunch. 我没有足够的时间吃午饭。（2）…enough to do…可以同too…to…或so…that…结构互相转换。例如： He isn’t old enough to go to school. = He is too young to go to school. = He is so young that he can’t go to school. 他太小而不能上学
【典例分析】1.—Did you get the present? —No, I got there but there weren't .A. enough early; enough presents B. early enough; enough presents C. early enough; presents enough D. enough early; presents enough【点拨】B 句意：——你得到礼品了吗？——没有，我到的足够早，但是没有足够的礼品了。形容词或者副词+enough足够……，固定搭配，early是副词，所以用early enough，排除A、D。enough+名词，固定搭配，presents是名词，所以用enough presents，故选B。2.As teenagers, we are _____to help with housework. We can help wash the dishes and wash our clothes. A. enough young B. enough old C. old enough D. young enough【点拨】C句意： 作为青少年，我们足够大了可以帮助做家务。我们可以帮忙洗碗和洗衣服。enough修饰形容词，位于形容词后，故排除A和B选项，根据 We can help wash the dishes and wash our clothes，可知能帮助做家务是年龄足够大了，old，年老的，故选C。
3.Cathy checked her paper ______ so that she could get good grades this time .A. careful enough B. enough careful C. enough carefully D. carefully enough 【点拨】D 形容词/副词+enough for sb”对某人来说足够……. 这里enough修饰副词同样放在副词后面。故用D4.这个房间已经足够干净了。The room is ___________________________.【点拨】clean enough5.这个男孩足够强壮，他能提起这么重的行李。 The boy is _________strong __________ he can carry such a heavy suitcase.=The boy is ___________ __________ __________ ___________ such a heavy suitcase.【点拨】so that strong enough to carry “形容词/副词+enough to do”足够，以致能……可以与so。。。that 进行句式转换。6.他年龄够大能上学。He is __________ __________ to go to school. =He is ________ old ________ he can go to school.【点拨】old enough so that。“形容词/副词+enough to do”足够，以致能……
【典例分析】要点10 few（1）few 意为“少数的；很少的”，只修饰可数名词，表否定含义。例如：I can see few birds in the tree. 我几乎看不到树上有鸟。（2）a few 意为“几个；少许”，相当于several，只修饰可数名词复数，表肯定含义。例如：He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。【拓展】（1）little 意为“很少；一点儿”，用于 “量；额；价值”等概念，修饰不可数名词，表否定含义。little还表示“小的”之意。例如：There is little milk in the cup. 杯子里没有牛奶了。A little boy is coming. 一个小男孩过来了。（2）a little 意为“有点儿；少量”修饰不可数名词，表示肯定含义。例如：He has a little money with him. 他随身带了点儿钱。（3）a little也可以用作副词，修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语，表示“有点，稍稍”。例如：He is a little tired. 他有点累了。
【典例分析】一、选用few a few little a little 填空1. Please hurry up. There is _________ time left.【点拨】little。句意：请快点。剩下的时间不多了。Time 不可数名词。little 表示：几乎没有。little符合题意。2. Please don’t worry. There is still _________ time left.【点拨】a little 句意：请不要担心。还有一点时间。a little表示：有一点。3. The box is very heavy. And ___________of us can lift it.【点拨】few 句意：这个箱子很重。很少有人能举起它。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。4. There is __________ink in my pen, Please give me____________.【点拨】little a little 句意：我的钢笔里没有墨水，请给我一点。5. Simon makes __________ friends in his class because he is very selfish and dishonest.【点拨】few 句意：西蒙在班上很少交朋友，因为他非常自私和不诚实。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。
6.There is _________food in the cupboard. I must go and get some.【点拨】little 句意：碗橱里几乎没有食物。我得去拿点。Little 几乎没有。符合题意。7.The question is difficult and ____________ students can answer it.【点拨】few 句意：这个问题很难，几乎没有学生能回答。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。8.The question is difficult but ____________ students can answer it.【点拨】a few 句意：这个问题很难，但有几个学生能回答。A few 有几个。9.You should walk __________faster. 【点拨】a little. a little也可以用作副词，修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语.其它几个词都没有这种用法。10 There are a lot of new books, but____________ of them are easy to read.【点拨】few 。有很多新书，但是没几本容易读懂。
11. Mike did very well in this math exam and he made ______ mistakes in it.A. little B. few C. a little D. a few【点拨】B句意：马克在数学考试中做得很好，他很少犯错误。A. little很少；修饰不可数名词；表示否定意义；B. few很少；修饰可数名词的复数，表示否定意义；C. a little一些，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义；D. a few一些，修饰可数名词 的复数，表示肯定意义。这里mistakes是可数名词的复数，这里表示否定意义，根据题意，故选B。12. —Hurry up! The movie is beginning.—Don’t worry. There is still ______ time leftA. little B. a little C. a few D. few【点拨】B句意：——快点！这部电影快开始了。——不要担心。仍然有一点儿时间剩下。little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little一点，修饰不可数名词；a few一些，修饰可数名词；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词。根据Don't worry.可知不要担心，还有一些时间，修饰不可数名词time，故用a little。故选B。
要点11. What are English schools like? 这里的be like意为“像……一样”，like是介词。这个句式是用来询问人的性格特征或者事物的属性。 要求对方对特定事物进行描述。—What was the exam like? 这次考试怎么样? —It was very difficult. 难极了。② 询问天气情况。—What is the weather like? 天气怎么样？—It’s fine. 天气不错。③ 用于人时，既可指人的外表，也可指人的性格、品质。—What is she like? 她长得如何? —Very beautiful. 长得很漂亮。 —What is he like? 他是怎样一个人? —He is very kind. 他很友好。【拓展】What does/do sb./sth. look like? 这个句式是询问某个人或物的外貌特征。例如：—What does the old man look like? 那个老人长什么样？ —He is short and thin. 他又矮又瘦。
【典例分析】1.广州夏天的天气如何？________ ________ ________ ________ in Guangzhou in Summer.________ ________ ________ ________ in Guangzhou in Summer.【点拨】1.What’s the weather like How is the weather. what is the weather like。。。？ 是询问天气的句型，也可以用“How is the weather 。。。?”2. 你老师是怎样一个人？她既善良又美丽.__________ your teacher ___________？ --She is very kind and beautiful. 【点拨】What’s like3. — ______is the weather there in summer? —There’s ______rain. A. How; a lot of B. What; a lot of C. How; too many D. What; too many【点拨】A考查固定句式。How is the weather? 是用来询问天气的句型, rain是不可数名词, 不能用too many来修饰。故选A。
4. ---What ____________ your teacher ________________? ---She’s a pretty lady with long hair. A. does; like B. does; look like C. is; like D. is; look like【答案】B【解析】句意：---你的老师看上去是什么样子？---她是一个留着长发的很漂亮的女士。考查短语意义辨析。be like：像……的样子（通常强调内在的性质，品格，性格等内在因素）；look like：看上去是……的样子（通常强调外貌、长相等外在因素）；根据pretty lady with long hair为外貌。故选B。5. --- ________ is the weather in Beijing in summer? ---It’s very hot. A. What B. How C. What about D. How about【答案】B【解析】B句意：---在北京夏天天气怎么样呀？---天气很是炎热。考查句型结构辨析。根据句中没有like表示像……样子，因此不能用what；而how = what……like。故选B。
要点12 untiluntil意为“直到……”，有下列用法：（1）作介词，后接时间名词，在句中作时间状语。例如： She waited there until 9 o’clock. 她在那里一直等到9点钟。（2）作连词，后接从句，引导时间状语从句。例如： We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。 【拓展】（1）until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如stand，wait，stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。He stayed there until midnight. 他在那里逗留到深夜。（2）until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如open，start，leave，arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如： The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back. 直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。
【典例分析】1, 直到我去找老师帮忙，我才解出这道题。 I ___________ _______ the problem _________ I went to my teacher for help.【点拨】didn’t solve until 2. 昨晚，直到爸爸回来我才睡觉。I ________ ________ to bed ________ my father came back home.【点拨】didn’t go until 3.昨晚他等我直到雨停下来。He waited for me ________the rain stopped.【点拨】until 4．—Excuse me, is it my turn now? —Not yet. Please wait on the chair ______ your name is called． A．and B．until C．although D．since【点拨】B。考查连词的用法。句意：“请问，现在轮到我了吗？”“还没有。请在椅子上等着，直到叫你的名字。”and意为“和”；until意为“直到……”；until 直到，肯定句主句谓语动词一定要有延续性。Wait是延续的的动词。although意为“虽然”；since意为“自从”。根据句意可知答案为B。
5. I didn’t finish my homework________ 10:30 last night.A. until B. after C. though D. if【点拨】A句意：昨晚直到10:30我才完成家庭作业。本题考查连词。A. until直到 B. after在…后 C. though 尽管D. if假如，not...until...表示“直到……才……”，符合语义，故选A。6. We ______ until he came back.A. left B. not leave C. waited D. wait【点拨】 C .until 直到，用于否定句中表示“直到。。。才”主句谓语动词可用非延续性动词。B否定形式错误，要用didn’t leave。
要点131. 惊讶做某事 2. 玩得开心3. 像…,…怎么样？ 4. 拍照5. 大一点 6. 成排地坐着7. 通过考试 8. 中学9. 出席 10. 缺席11.代替，而不是 12. 课外活动13. 最重要的是【点拨】1.be surprised to do 2.enjoy oneself 3.what is/are like 4.take photos 5. A bit bigger 6.sit in rows 7.pass the exam 8 secondary school 9.be present 10.be absent 11.instead of 12.after-school activities 13.above all
代词代词有人称代词、指示代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词和疑问代词等。
考点一、人称代词（表示自身或人称的代词）
（1）人称代词在句中可作主语、宾语（宾格）、表语等。(2)在并列的主语中，“I”总放在最后。 (3)she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。(4)we可以表示包括自己在内的“人们”；you可以表示泛指的“任何人”。
当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you, he, she, I,而复数时为we, you, they.如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：He and she … we, 如：Tom and I are good friends.
?it的用法：it可以用作人称代词，它还可以指时间、天气、距离、上下文等，另外，it还可以作先行词，作形式主语和形式宾语。(1)作为人称代词，it可以用来指东西、动物、婴儿和未确定身份的人。例：Where’s my pencil? Have you seen it? 我的铅笔在哪里？你看见了没有？ The dog is in the garden, isn’t it? 狗在花园里，是吧？ The baby cried because it is hungry. 婴儿哭了，因为他/她饿了。(Someone is ringing.) Who's it? It’s me. (有人在按门铃。)谁呀？是我。(2)it可以指上下文内容例：The Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in 2008. It makes the Chinese proud. 2008年将在北京举行奥运会。这使得中国人非常自豪。(3)it表示时间、天气、距离等。例：What time is it now? It’s half past nine. 现在几点了？九点半例：It is cold. 天气冷。例：It’s about ten kilometers from the park to the museum. 公园到博物馆大约是十公里。
(4)it用作形式主语或形式宾语例：It’s very important for us to learn English well. (实际主语是to learn English well)对我们来说，学好英语很重要。例：I found it hard to fly a kite. (实际主语是to fly a kite) 我发现放风筝很难。
考点二：物主代词
形容词性物主代词在句中作定语，相当于一个形容词，后面需要接一个名词。名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、介词宾语），相当于一个名词 。
考点三：反身代词
反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词，词尾是self或selves。反身代词表示“某人自己”，与它所指代的名词或代词在人称、性、数上保持一致。(1)反身代词用作同位语，表示强调例：You’ll have to do it yourself. 你得自己去干。 The theory itself is all right. 这理论本身没有问题。(2)反身代词与人称代词宾格的区别在于，只有当主语和宾语是同一个人时才使用反身代词。例： He saw himself in the mirror. ( he和himself指的是 同一人)他在镜子里看见了自己。 He saw him in the mirror. (he和him指的不是同一人，him指代另一个人) 他在镜子里看见了他。
(3)反身代词的固定搭配是常考内容：例：They enjoyed themselves at the party last night. 昨天晚上他们在聚会上玩得很开心。 Help yourself to some fish. 吃点鱼吧。I taught myself swimming when I was six. 我六岁时自学了游泳。
反身代词常见固定搭配by oneself (靠)自己 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 help oneself to 随便吃 teach oneself 自学 talk to oneself 自言自语
考点四：指示代词指示代词包括this, that, these, those指示代词在句中可作主语、宾语（直接宾语，介词宾语）、表语和定语。(1)表示空间上的远近：this和these表示近。that和those表示远。例：No one had worked in this place for ages. 已经好多年没有人在这个地方工作过了。 I don’t like the look of those clouds. 我不喜欢那些云的样子。 (2)表示时间上的远近。 例：These days the Olympics must mean the best. 现今，奥林匹克运动会肯定是水平最高的。 At that point he became worried. 就在那时，他变得担心起来。注意：that和those有时可以用来代表前面刚提到过的名词以避免重复。例：The best cotton is that from Xinjiang. 新疆的棉质量最好。
考点五：疑问代词
疑问代词引导疑问句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例：Which do you like best, your mother or your father? Who is your favourite composer?考点六：关系代词who (whom, whose), which, that等可用做关系代词，引导定语从句。例如：He is a teacher who teaches English.
考点七：不定代词
考点八：相互代词相互代词包括each other和one another。相互代词有数和格的变化，each other's, one another's为所有格形式。例：Most of us know each other pretty well. The men shook hands with one another.
介词介词（preposition 简写prep.），又称作前置词，表示名词、代词等与句中其它词的关系，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语，表示与其他成分的关系。
其它介词
话题2：介绍学校生活本模块的话题是“学校生活”。学生在具体的写作中应做到以下几点:1.能描写现在的学校生活,并能与之前的学校生活进行比较;2.能够阐述自己对学校生活的看法;3.能了解并介绍其他国家的学校生活。【常用词汇】row一排 swimming pool游泳池 pass及格;通过 absent缺席的bell钟;铃 secondary school中学 have a test测验 pass the exam通过考试have a break休息一下 be late for迟到 primary school小学 after⁃school activity课外活动pay attention to注意 fail in the exam考试不及格 make great progress in在……方面取得巨大进步
【常用句型】We go to school every weekday from 8:45 am to 3:15 pm.What are English schools like?Once a term, there is a parents’ meeting.How did your exams go last term?There are three forty⁃minute lessons, with a twenty⁃minute break in between.Of all the school clubs, I like English Club best.We can set up a reading corner in order to read at any time after class.Last year when my classmates took part in a sports event, I cheered and took photos for them.At school, we should respect our teachers, get on well with our classmates and study hard.
【实战演练】 初中生活即将结束，丰富多彩的学校活动一定给你留下了许多美好的回忆。根据图表提示，选择一次你最喜欢的活动进行描述
内容包括：1. 此次活动的过程；2. 你的收获或感受。注意：1. 词数80～100；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 文中不能出现与本人相关的信息；4. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 My junior school life is coming to an end. I had a lot of sweet memories. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】My junior school life is coming to an end. I had a lot of sweet memories. Of them I'd like to share with you my favorite story about a basketball game. Our team got a good start by beating two strong teams. However, our captain hurt his finger during the third game. He is the brain of our team. Thinking of losing of the center, we were all down and couldn't concentrate on the next match. Our captain found this and encouraged us to fight on and cheered us up. With the help of our captain we played as well as the first two games. Seeing our captain waving his injured finger, we made our biggest effort in the following games. With the cheers of the students we won the match. During the celebrations we threw our captain into the air. I would never forget it because I understood the importance of teamwork for the first time.
英语（外研版）
九年级 上册
Module 2 Public holidays
English
模块小结
要点1 wear的用法wear作动词,意为“穿;戴”,其过去式为wore,过去分词为worn。辨析wear, dress, put on与 be in
例如:My sister is wearing a pair of sunglasses.我的妹妹戴着一副太阳镜。My son is too young to dress himself.我的儿子太小,还不能自己穿衣服。It’s cold outside. Please put on the sweater.外面很冷。请穿上这件毛衣。Our English teacher is in a red dress.我们的英语老师穿着一条红裙子。
【典例分析】完成句子1）你能给婴儿穿衣服吗？Can you _________the baby?【点拨】dress。表示穿的动作,其宾语通常是人。2）她今天穿着一件红色外套。 She ___________________ a red coat today.【点拨】is in/ is dressing in。强调状态,其后接颜色或某种颜色的衣服。如果表示状态,则用be/get dressed in...“穿着……”。
3）他穿上他的外套出门去了。 He __________ his coat and went out. 【点拨】put on强调动作,其宾语通常是衣物。4）你认识那个穿黑衣服的男孩吗？ Do you know the boy who______________ black?【点拨】is in/ is dressing in。强调状态,其后接颜色或某种颜色的衣服。如果表示状态,则用be/get dressed in...“穿着……”。 5）我的祖父总是戴着眼镜。My grandpa always___________ a pair of glasses.【点拨】wears wear意为“穿;戴”,强调“穿着/戴着”的状态,其宾语通常为服装、鞋帽、首饰、眼镜.6)快穿上衣服，外面很冷。____________your coat quickly, it’s cold outside.【点拨】Put on put on强调动作,其宾语通常是衣物。
2.选择填空 1. She hurriedly _______the child and took him downstairs. A. put on B. wore C. dressed D. had on【点拨】A。wear意为“穿;戴”,强调“穿着/戴着”的状态,其宾语通常为服装、鞋帽、首饰、眼镜。dress意为“给……穿衣服”,表示穿的动作,其宾语通常是人。put on意为“穿上;戴上”,强调动作,其宾语通常是衣物。Have on 表示状态。2. The child doesn’t need any help. He is old enough to________. A. put on B. wear C. dress himself【点拨】C。
要点2 pass的用法及与past区别1.pass作动词,意为“及格;通过(考试或检查)”,指在考试或测验中过关。例如:She was glad to pass the Chinese exam.通过了语文考试,她很高兴。2.pass作动词,还可意为“传递;经过”。例如:Pass the book to me, please.请把那本书递给我。I pass the shop every day.我每天都经过那家商店。3.pass作名词,意为“及格;入场证;通行证”。例如:Here is your pass, Mary.玛丽,这是你的入场证。4.常见pass短语小结:pass away消失;去世pass by走过;(时间)逝去pass on继续下去pass sth.to sb.=pass sb. sth.把某物递给某人
pastprep. 用作介词意为“超过;到另一侧;晚于;在……之后”。adv. 经过n. 名词“过去 往昔“adj. 作形容词“过去的，从前的”词组：in the past另外希望大家能够区分pass和past，前者是动词，而后者则是介词或副词
【典例分析】一、指出下列各句‘past’的用法1.I walk past the farm every day on my way to work【点拨】句意：我每天在上班的路上经过农场。past adv. 经过2.I will never forget the past days.【点拨】句意：我永远不会忘记过去的日子。past adj. 作形容词“过去的，从前的”3.We can't change the past.【点拨】句意：我们不能改变过去。past n.名词“过去 往昔“4.It is half past ten.【点拨】句意：现在是十点半。past 用作介词意为“超过”5.She ran past with a smile.【点拨】句意：她微笑着跑了过去。past adv. 经过6.In the past, life was very hard.【点拨】句意：过去，生活很艰难。past n. 名词“过去 往昔“
三、请用pass和past填空He ran ________________ the building.He _____________ him without a word.【点拨】past passed四. He ________ by me but didn't notice me.A．passes B．past C．passed D．goes past【点拨】C此题用分析句子结构法。空格处为谓语，应用动词pass，past 介词，“通过，穿过”。如I go past the hospital every day.再由后半句可知前面的时态应为一般过去时，故选C。
要点3 absent的用法1.absent作形容词,意为“缺席的;不在场的;茫然的”,既可作定语,也可作表语;其反义词为present,意为“在场的;出席的”。absent作表语时,常用短语为be absent from,意为“缺席;没有到场”;其反义短语是be present at,意为“出席”。例如:John was absent from the press conference because of his bad cold.约翰因为重感冒缺席了记者招待会。2.absent作动词,是及物动词,常接反身代词作宾语。表示“做某事缺席”时,其后也接from。例如:He absented himself from the meeting.他缺席了会议。3.点名时,若自己在场,用“Here.”或“Present.”回答,意为“到;有”;若自己不在场,旁人可用“Absent.”回答,意为“不在”。
【典例分析】1.昨天你为什么缺席会议？Why______________________________ yesterday?【点拨】are you absent from 2.If you are often from classes, you may fail in the final examination. A. absent B. quiet C. active D. silent【点拨】A 根据题干中的"You may fail in the final examination "可知,此处是说"如果你总是缺课,期末考试你可能会不及格",故用absent"缺席"。quiet"安静的";active"积极的";silent"沉默的"。3. Today he didn't come to school again. He has been a_________ from classes for a week.（首字母填写单词）【点拨】absent是形容词, 意为“缺席的”
要点4 instead of的用法1.instead of是短语介词 ,意为“代替;而不是”,其后可以接名词、代词或动名词等。例如:We will play football instead of swimming.我们要去踢足球,而不是游泳。2.instead作副词,意为“代替;反而;却”,常用于句尾或句首。若位于句首,常用逗号与后面内容隔开。She didn’t study. Instead, she played table tennis the whole day.她没有学习。相反,她打了一天乒乓球。Tom didn’t go to see a film. Instead, he read at home.
【典例分析】1.根据句意, 选用instead或instead of填空。1) Mary is going to Shanghai __________Guangzhou.2) Jack didn’t do his homework. ________, he went to see a film.3) Ann said nothing. She began to cry ________.4) I have to do my homework __________ going out.【点拨】1.instead of 2.instead 3.instead 4.instead of
2.昨晚他待在家里，而没有去看电影He stayed at home_________ ________ ________ to the cinema last night.【点拨】instead of going3.她没有玩电脑游戏，而是为考试而学习。She didn’t play computer games. She studied for the test __________.【点拨】instead 4.He didn't answer my question. Instead，he asked me a question.(同义改写)＝He asked me a question_________ ________ ___________my question. 【点拨】instead of asking5. What a nice day！We should go sightseeing ________ watching TV in the hotel.A．because of B．instead of C．together with D．instead【点拨】句意：多好的一天！我们应该去观光而不是在旅馆看电视。instead of作为介词短语，意为“而不是”，其后常接名词、代词或动名词等。6．Miss White doesn't like buying nice clothes. She likes collecting storybooks________. A．instead B．either C．too D．instead of 【点拨】A instead
要点5 none的用法none作代词,表示全部否定,意为“没有一个;毫无”。辨析none与neither
例如:None of us like/likes swimming.我们中没有人喜欢游泳。All of us like swimming.我们所有人都喜欢游泳。Neither of us speaks English.我们两个都不说英语。Both of us speak English.我们两个都说英语。
both，all，either与neither★辨析both，all，either与neither（1）both指“两者都”，可与and搭配。both的反义词是neither，常与nor连用。如：Both of my parents are teachers.我的父母都是老师。（2）all指“三者或三者以上全部、都”，反义词是none。My brothers and I are all at school. 我和我的兄弟们都在上学。（3）either指“两者中任意一个”，either...or...意思是“或者……或者……”。当它连接并列主语时，谓语动词要与最靠近的主语保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。如： Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错，就是我错。（4）neither指“两者都不”，neither...nor...意思是“既不……也不……”。连接并列主语时也遵循“就近原则”。如：Neither he nor I am well educated. 他和我都没有受过良好的教育。（5）not only ….. but also 不仅….. 而且 neither……nor 既不…...也不 either…… or 或者….. 或者 要么….. 要么 both……and 既…….又
【典例分析】1.—Would you like some juice or coffee?—________is OK. I really don't care. A．Both B．Either C．All D．Neither【点拨】B . either指“两者中任意一个” 2. —Would you like some juice or coffee?—________is OK. I really like some tea. A．Both B．Either C．All D．Neither【点拨】D neither指“两者都不”3.—I don't like such TV programmes. They are too boring.—________. It's a waste(浪费) of time.A. Me neither B. I'm sorry C. The same to you D. That's OK【点拨】A句意：--我不喜欢这样的电视节目，它们太无聊了。--我也不喜欢，浪费时间。A. Me neither我也不；B. I'm sorry很抱歉；C. The same to you 你也一样； D. That's OK 没关系，根据答句中It's a waste(浪费) of time.可知说话人也不喜欢，故选A。
4.用both，all，either与neither填空1）.________the two boys__________(be) clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。2）.__________of the two boys ________(be) clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。3）.__________of the two boys ________(be) clever. 两个男孩都不聪明4）.There are flowers on ___________ sides of the road. 路边长满了野花。5）.There are flowers on ________ side of the road. 路边长满了野花。6）. _________ the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。7）. ________of us are from China.我们都来自中国。8）. Her parents are ____________doctors.她父母都是医生。9）The two coats are cheap, so you can choose ________ of them.那两件外套不贵，你可以随便挑一件10）All the coats are cheap, so you can choose _______ of them. 所有的外套不贵，你可以随便挑一件。【点拨】1.Both are 2.Either is 3.Neither is 4.both 5.either 6.All 7.All 8.both 9.either 10.any
5.完成句子not only ….. but also neither……nor either…… or both……and 1.在学校老师们不仅给我们传播知识而且还教我们如何做人。At school teachers teach us ________ _________ knowledge_______ _______ how to be good.2．他和我还没有看过这部电影。 __________ he ___________ I __________ ____________ the film yet. 3. 只有一张入场券，杰克和你当中只能一个人去看时装展。There is only one ticket. ________ Jack ________ you will go to the fashion show.4. 肯特和孩子们都不想去动物园。_________ Kent _________ the children wanted to go to the zoo.5,John 和Peter 在电影院看见Jolie 时，都很吃惊_______ ________ John ______ ________ Peter ________ surprised when they saw Jolie in the cinema._______ John ______ Peter ________ surprised when they saw Jolie in the cinema.6, 只有一个座位，要不你去，要不我去。There is only one seat, ________ you _______ I can go.【点拨】1.not only but also 2.Neither nor have seen 3.either or 4.Both and 5.Not only but also was Both and were 6.either or
要点6 take place的用法take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例如：Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. 在过去的十年，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。【拓展】happen和take place的辨析：（1）happen指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。例如： What happened to him? 他出了什么事？（2）take place常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计划发生”。例如： The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。【注意】happen和take place均为不及物动词，无被动语态。
【典例分析】1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)【点拨】A car accident happened to him yesterday. Sth. + happen to sb：表示“某人发生了某事” “偶然发生的事故”所以用happen。2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)【点拨】 Our hometown has taken place a lot in the past 10 years. take place：指计划，安排之内的发生。这里不用happen。3.昨天我在武汉碰巧看见他。(翻译句子)【点拨】I happened to see him in Wuhan yesterday. Sb + happen to do sth：表示“某人碰巧发生了某事”4. An earthquake __________________ when people were sleeping at night. A. happened B. took place C. had D. appeared【点拨】A句意：当人们在夜里正在睡觉的时候，一起地震发生了。考查易混动词辨析。happen为偶然突然发生；take place为有机会有安排发生；have为拥有；appear为出现，显现。根据句中所描述的earthquake应属于突然发生。故选A。
5. I happened _________________ a little cat on my way home from school. A. saving B. to save C. on saving D. saved【点拨】B句意：在我放学回家的路上，我碰巧救了一只小猫。考查非谓语动词与happen的搭配。根据happen常用搭配为happen to do sth碰巧做了某事。故选B。6.请就坐。【点拨】Please take your place, class. 7.Bob下月将取代经理的位置。【点拨】 Bob will take the place of the manager next month.8. Great changes _________________________ in my hometown, I was nearly lost in the street. A. happened B. appear C. took place D. showed【点拨】C句意：在我的家乡发生了巨大变化，我在大街上几乎差一点都迷路了。考查易混动词辨析。take place：有计划、有目的发生；happen：偶然、碰巧发生；appear展现，出现；show展示，出示。根据句意。故选C。
要点7 a bit的用法a bit 和 a little都作“稍微；一点儿” 二者的主要用法如下： a bit 和 a little 在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、 副词及其比较级, 可以换用, 表示“一点儿”。The speaker spoke up a bit/a little loudly so as to make himself heard more clearly. 演讲者把嗓音提高一点，以便使别人听得清楚。a bit 和 a little都作“稍微；一点儿” ② a bit 和 a little 在否定句中, 意思正好相反。 not a bit = not at all 一点儿都不 not a little = very (much) 很、非常I’m not a bit tired. = I’m not tired at all. 我一点也不累。 I’m not a little tired. = I’m very tired. 我非常累。 ③ a little可以直接作定语修饰名词, 而a bit则要在后面加of 构成短语才能作定语, 两者都只能修饰不可数名词。There’s only a little / a bit of food left for lunch.午餐只剩一点儿食品了
【典例分析】1. The new student is ______ shy.A. a little bit B. little C. a bit of D. bit【点拨】A。a little bit 等于a little 或者a bit ，可以修饰形容词。a bit of 只能修饰不可数名词。little 和bit 都不可以修饰形容词。本题空格后是形容词shy，故选A。用a little, a bit或a bit of填空. （1-3题）2.He feels ________________ better today. 【点拨】a little/a bit . a bit ; a little都可以用作程度副词，修饰动词、形容词、副词或比较级3.She is ________________ tired. 【点拨】a little/ a bit a bit ; a little都可以用作程度副词，修饰动词、形容词、副词或比较级4.There is ________________ milk in the bottle. 【点拨】a little/a bit of a bit ; a little都可以修饰不可数名词数量，而a bit必须与of连用。
5. His younger brother feels _____________ better today. A. more B. a bit of C. a little D. too【点拨】C句意：他的小弟弟今天感觉有点好了。考查副词辨析。根据句中的better为形容词最高级，判断应该使用可以修饰形容词及其比较级形式的程度副词。而供选答案中只有a little可以。供选C。6. There is ____________ water in the bottle. You can drink it. A. a bit B. little C. a bit of D. a little of【点拨】C句意：在瓶子里还有一点水。你可以把它喝掉。考查易混词辨析。根据句中你可以喝掉，判断瓶子里应该还有水，而供选答案中可以用来修饰不可数名词water肯定意义的只有 a bit of；a little修饰不可数名词数量不与of连用。供选C。
要点8 present（1）present作形容词，意为“出席的，在场的”；还意为“现在的，当前的”。例如：How many people were present at the meeting? 到会的有多少人? I’m not at all satisfied with the present situation. 我对目前的情况一点都不满意。 （2）present作名词，意为“礼物，赠品”。the present意为“现在，目前”。 例如：He often gave his neighbor’s kids little presents. 他常常送些小礼物给邻居的孩子。There is no time like the present. 机不可失，时不再来。 （3）present作及物动词，意为“赠送，呈献”后接to/with。例如：They presented him with a bunch of flowers. 他们献给他一束鲜花。 present sth to sb = present sb with sth 赠予、授予某人某物 at present(名词) = at the present(形容词) time 目前；现在
【典例分析】1.Tim saved two students in the fire. The headmaster will ________ the prize to him at the meeting. A. promise B. practise C. prepare D. present【答案】本题考查动词辨析。promise 意为“保证；承诺”，practise意为“练习”，prepare意为“准备”， present意为“授予”，结合语境可知应选D。2. 我的朋友送给我一把漂亮的扇子作为礼物。My friend gave me a beautiful fan _________ _________ ______________. 【答案】as a present 3. 上次参加会议的人比这次多。More people ___________ _________ the meeting last time than this time. 【答案】were presented 4. 他们现在正在参观巴黎。They are visiting Paris __________ __________. 【答案】at present
要点9 enough（1）enough是形容词，意为“充足的，充分的，足够的”，可作表语或定语，作定语时，可放在名词的前面或后面。例如： The food is enough for the trip. 用于这次旅行的食物足够了。 I have enough time to watch TV. 我有足够的时间看电视。（2）enough还可作副词，意为“足够地”，这时enough需放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。例如： The young man is strong enough to carry the heavy bag. 那个年轻人足够强壮能搬动重包。【拓展】（1）enough…to do sth. “有足够的……做某事”。例如： I don’t have enough time to eat lunch. 我没有足够的时间吃午饭。（2）…enough to do…可以同too…to…或so…that…结构互相转换。例如： He isn’t old enough to go to school. = He is too young to go to school. = He is so young that he can’t go to school. 他太小而不能上学
【典例分析】1.—Did you get the present? —No, I got there but there weren't .A. enough early; enough presents B. early enough; enough presents C. early enough; presents enough D. enough early; presents enough【点拨】B 句意：——你得到礼品了吗？——没有，我到的足够早，但是没有足够的礼品了。形容词或者副词+enough足够……，固定搭配，early是副词，所以用early enough，排除A、D。enough+名词，固定搭配，presents是名词，所以用enough presents，故选B。2.As teenagers, we are _____to help with housework. We can help wash the dishes and wash our clothes. A. enough young B. enough old C. old enough D. young enough【点拨】C句意： 作为青少年，我们足够大了可以帮助做家务。我们可以帮忙洗碗和洗衣服。enough修饰形容词，位于形容词后，故排除A和B选项，根据 We can help wash the dishes and wash our clothes，可知能帮助做家务是年龄足够大了，old，年老的，故选C。
3.Cathy checked her paper ______ so that she could get good grades this time .A. careful enough B. enough careful C. enough carefully D. carefully enough 【点拨】D 形容词/副词+enough for sb”对某人来说足够……. 这里enough修饰副词同样放在副词后面。故用D4.这个房间已经足够干净了。The room is ___________________________.【点拨】clean enough5.这个男孩足够强壮，他能提起这么重的行李。 The boy is _________strong __________ he can carry such a heavy suitcase.=The boy is ___________ __________ __________ ___________ such a heavy suitcase.【点拨】so that strong enough to carry “形容词/副词+enough to do”足够，以致能……可以与so。。。that 进行句式转换。6.他年龄够大能上学。He is __________ __________ to go to school. =He is ________ old ________ he can go to school.【点拨】old enough so that。“形容词/副词+enough to do”足够，以致能……
【典例分析】要点10 few（1）few 意为“少数的；很少的”，只修饰可数名词，表否定含义。例如：I can see few birds in the tree. 我几乎看不到树上有鸟。（2）a few 意为“几个；少许”，相当于several，只修饰可数名词复数，表肯定含义。例如：He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。【拓展】（1）little 意为“很少；一点儿”，用于 “量；额；价值”等概念，修饰不可数名词，表否定含义。little还表示“小的”之意。例如：There is little milk in the cup. 杯子里没有牛奶了。A little boy is coming. 一个小男孩过来了。（2）a little 意为“有点儿；少量”修饰不可数名词，表示肯定含义。例如：He has a little money with him. 他随身带了点儿钱。（3）a little也可以用作副词，修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语，表示“有点，稍稍”。例如：He is a little tired. 他有点累了。
【典例分析】一、选用few a few little a little 填空1. Please hurry up. There is _________ time left.【点拨】little。句意：请快点。剩下的时间不多了。Time 不可数名词。little 表示：几乎没有。little符合题意。2. Please don’t worry. There is still _________ time left.【点拨】a little 句意：请不要担心。还有一点时间。a little表示：有一点。3. The box is very heavy. And ___________of us can lift it.【点拨】few 句意：这个箱子很重。很少有人能举起它。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。4. There is __________ink in my pen, Please give me____________.【点拨】little a little 句意：我的钢笔里没有墨水，请给我一点。5. Simon makes __________ friends in his class because he is very selfish and dishonest.【点拨】few 句意：西蒙在班上很少交朋友，因为他非常自私和不诚实。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。
6.There is _________food in the cupboard. I must go and get some.【点拨】little 句意：碗橱里几乎没有食物。我得去拿点。Little 几乎没有。符合题意。7.The question is difficult and ____________ students can answer it.【点拨】few 句意：这个问题很难，几乎没有学生能回答。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。8.The question is difficult but ____________ students can answer it.【点拨】a few 句意：这个问题很难，但有几个学生能回答。A few 有几个。9.You should walk __________faster. 【点拨】a little. a little也可以用作副词，修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语.其它几个词都没有这种用法。10 There are a lot of new books, but____________ of them are easy to read.【点拨】few 。有很多新书，但是没几本容易读懂。
11. Mike did very well in this math exam and he made ______ mistakes in it.A. little B. few C. a little D. a few【点拨】B句意：马克在数学考试中做得很好，他很少犯错误。A. little很少；修饰不可数名词；表示否定意义；B. few很少；修饰可数名词的复数，表示否定意义；C. a little一些，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义；D. a few一些，修饰可数名词 的复数，表示肯定意义。这里mistakes是可数名词的复数，这里表示否定意义，根据题意，故选B。12. —Hurry up! The movie is beginning.—Don’t worry. There is still ______ time leftA. little B. a little C. a few D. few【点拨】B句意：——快点！这部电影快开始了。——不要担心。仍然有一点儿时间剩下。little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little一点，修饰不可数名词；a few一些，修饰可数名词；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词。根据Don't worry.可知不要担心，还有一些时间，修饰不可数名词time，故用a little。故选B。
要点11. What are English schools like? 这里的be like意为“像……一样”，like是介词。这个句式是用来询问人的性格特征或者事物的属性。 要求对方对特定事物进行描述。—What was the exam like? 这次考试怎么样? —It was very difficult. 难极了。② 询问天气情况。—What is the weather like? 天气怎么样？—It’s fine. 天气不错。③ 用于人时，既可指人的外表，也可指人的性格、品质。—What is she like? 她长得如何? —Very beautiful. 长得很漂亮。 —What is he like? 他是怎样一个人? —He is very kind. 他很友好。【拓展】What does/do sb./sth. look like? 这个句式是询问某个人或物的外貌特征。例如：—What does the old man look like? 那个老人长什么样？ —He is short and thin. 他又矮又瘦。
【典例分析】1.广州夏天的天气如何？________ ________ ________ ________ in Guangzhou in Summer.________ ________ ________ ________ in Guangzhou in Summer.【点拨】1.What’s the weather like How is the weather. what is the weather like。。。？ 是询问天气的句型，也可以用“How is the weather 。。。?”2. 你老师是怎样一个人？她既善良又美丽.__________ your teacher ___________？ --She is very kind and beautiful. 【点拨】What’s like3. — ______is the weather there in summer? —There’s ______rain. A. How; a lot of B. What; a lot of C. How; too many D. What; too many【点拨】A考查固定句式。How is the weather? 是用来询问天气的句型, rain是不可数名词, 不能用too many来修饰。故选A。
4. ---What ____________ your teacher ________________? ---She’s a pretty lady with long hair. A. does; like B. does; look like C. is; like D. is; look like【答案】B【解析】句意：---你的老师看上去是什么样子？---她是一个留着长发的很漂亮的女士。考查短语意义辨析。be like：像……的样子（通常强调内在的性质，品格，性格等内在因素）；look like：看上去是……的样子（通常强调外貌、长相等外在因素）；根据pretty lady with long hair为外貌。故选B。5. --- ________ is the weather in Beijing in summer? ---It’s very hot. A. What B. How C. What about D. How about【答案】B【解析】B句意：---在北京夏天天气怎么样呀？---天气很是炎热。考查句型结构辨析。根据句中没有like表示像……样子，因此不能用what；而how = what……like。故选B。
要点12 untiluntil意为“直到……”，有下列用法：（1）作介词，后接时间名词，在句中作时间状语。例如： She waited there until 9 o’clock. 她在那里一直等到9点钟。（2）作连词，后接从句，引导时间状语从句。例如： We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。 【拓展】（1）until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如stand，wait，stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。He stayed there until midnight. 他在那里逗留到深夜。（2）until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如open，start，leave，arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如： The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back. 直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。
【典例分析】1, 直到我去找老师帮忙，我才解出这道题。 I ___________ _______ the problem _________ I went to my teacher for help.【点拨】didn’t solve until 2. 昨晚，直到爸爸回来我才睡觉。I ________ ________ to bed ________ my father came back home.【点拨】didn’t go until 3.昨晚他等我直到雨停下来。He waited for me ________the rain stopped.【点拨】until 4．—Excuse me, is it my turn now? —Not yet. Please wait on the chair ______ your name is called． A．and B．until C．although D．since【点拨】B。考查连词的用法。句意：“请问，现在轮到我了吗？”“还没有。请在椅子上等着，直到叫你的名字。”and意为“和”；until意为“直到……”；until 直到，肯定句主句谓语动词一定要有延续性。Wait是延续的的动词。although意为“虽然”；since意为“自从”。根据句意可知答案为B。
5. I didn’t finish my homework________ 10:30 last night.A. until B. after C. though D. if【点拨】A句意：昨晚直到10:30我才完成家庭作业。本题考查连词。A. until直到 B. after在…后 C. though 尽管D. if假如，not...until...表示“直到……才……”，符合语义，故选A。6. We ______ until he came back.A. left B. not leave C. waited D. wait【点拨】 C .until 直到，用于否定句中表示“直到。。。才”主句谓语动词可用非延续性动词。B否定形式错误，要用didn’t leave。
要点131. 惊讶做某事 2. 玩得开心3. 像…,…怎么样？ 4. 拍照5. 大一点 6. 成排地坐着7. 通过考试 8. 中学9. 出席 10. 缺席11.代替，而不是 12. 课外活动13. 最重要的是【点拨】1.be surprised to do 2.enjoy oneself 3.what is/are like 4.take photos 5. A bit bigger 6.sit in rows 7.pass the exam 8 secondary school 9.be present 10.be absent 11.instead of 12.after-school activities 13.above all
代词代词有人称代词、指示代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词和疑问代词等。
考点一、人称代词（表示自身或人称的代词）
（1）人称代词在句中可作主语、宾语（宾格）、表语等。(2)在并列的主语中，“I”总放在最后。 (3)she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。(4)we可以表示包括自己在内的“人们”；you可以表示泛指的“任何人”。
当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you, he, she, I,而复数时为we, you, they.如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：He and she … we, 如：Tom and I are good friends.
?it的用法：it可以用作人称代词，它还可以指时间、天气、距离、上下文等，另外，it还可以作先行词，作形式主语和形式宾语。(1)作为人称代词，it可以用来指东西、动物、婴儿和未确定身份的人。例：Where’s my pencil? Have you seen it? 我的铅笔在哪里？你看见了没有？ The dog is in the garden, isn’t it? 狗在花园里，是吧？ The baby cried because it is hungry. 婴儿哭了，因为他/她饿了。(Someone is ringing.) Who's it? It’s me. (有人在按门铃。)谁呀？是我。(2)it可以指上下文内容例：The Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in 2008. It makes the Chinese proud. 2008年将在北京举行奥运会。这使得中国人非常自豪。(3)it表示时间、天气、距离等。例：What time is it now? It’s half past nine. 现在几点了？九点半例：It is cold. 天气冷。例：It’s about ten kilometers from the park to the museum. 公园到博物馆大约是十公里。
(4)it用作形式主语或形式宾语例：It’s very important for us to learn English well. (实际主语是to learn English well)对我们来说，学好英语很重要。例：I found it hard to fly a kite. (实际主语是to fly a kite) 我发现放风筝很难。
考点二：物主代词
形容词性物主代词在句中作定语，相当于一个形容词，后面需要接一个名词。名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、介词宾语），相当于一个名词 。
考点三：反身代词
反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词，词尾是self或selves。反身代词表示“某人自己”，与它所指代的名词或代词在人称、性、数上保持一致。(1)反身代词用作同位语，表示强调例：You’ll have to do it yourself. 你得自己去干。 The theory itself is all right. 这理论本身没有问题。(2)反身代词与人称代词宾格的区别在于，只有当主语和宾语是同一个人时才使用反身代词。例： He saw himself in the mirror. ( he和himself指的是 同一人)他在镜子里看见了自己。 He saw him in the mirror. (he和him指的不是同一人，him指代另一个人) 他在镜子里看见了他。
(3)反身代词的固定搭配是常考内容：例：They enjoyed themselves at the party last night. 昨天晚上他们在聚会上玩得很开心。 Help yourself to some fish. 吃点鱼吧。I taught myself swimming when I was six. 我六岁时自学了游泳。
反身代词常见固定搭配by oneself (靠)自己 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 help oneself to 随便吃 teach oneself 自学 talk to oneself 自言自语
考点四：指示代词指示代词包括this, that, these, those指示代词在句中可作主语、宾语（直接宾语，介词宾语）、表语和定语。(1)表示空间上的远近：this和these表示近。that和those表示远。例：No one had worked in this place for ages. 已经好多年没有人在这个地方工作过了。 I don’t like the look of those clouds. 我不喜欢那些云的样子。 (2)表示时间上的远近。 例：These days the Olympics must mean the best. 现今，奥林匹克运动会肯定是水平最高的。 At that point he became worried. 就在那时，他变得担心起来。注意：that和those有时可以用来代表前面刚提到过的名词以避免重复。例：The best cotton is that from Xinjiang. 新疆的棉质量最好。
考点五：疑问代词
疑问代词引导疑问句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例：Which do you like best, your mother or your father? Who is your favourite composer?考点六：关系代词who (whom, whose), which, that等可用做关系代词，引导定语从句。例如：He is a teacher who teaches English.
考点七：不定代词
考点八：相互代词相互代词包括each other和one another。相互代词有数和格的变化，each other's, one another's为所有格形式。例：Most of us know each other pretty well. The men shook hands with one another.
介词介词（preposition 简写prep.），又称作前置词，表示名词、代词等与句中其它词的关系，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语，表示与其他成分的关系。
其它介词
话题2：介绍学校生活本模块的话题是“学校生活”。学生在具体的写作中应做到以下几点:1.能描写现在的学校生活,并能与之前的学校生活进行比较;2.能够阐述自己对学校生活的看法;3.能了解并介绍其他国家的学校生活。【常用词汇】row一排 swimming pool游泳池 pass及格;通过 absent缺席的bell钟;铃 secondary school中学 have a test测验 pass the exam通过考试have a break休息一下 be late for迟到 primary school小学 after⁃school activity课外活动pay attention to注意 fail in the exam考试不及格 make great progress in在……方面取得巨大进步
【常用句型】We go to school every weekday from 8:45 am to 3:15 pm.What are English schools like?Once a term, there is a parents’ meeting.How did your exams go last term?There are three forty⁃minute lessons, with a twenty⁃minute break in between.Of all the school clubs, I like English Club best.We can set up a reading corner in order to read at any time after class.Last year when my classmates took part in a sports event, I cheered and took photos for them.At school, we should respect our teachers, get on well with our classmates and study hard.
【实战演练】 初中生活即将结束，丰富多彩的学校活动一定给你留下了许多美好的回忆。根据图表提示，选择一次你最喜欢的活动进行描述
内容包括：1. 此次活动的过程；2. 你的收获或感受。注意：1. 词数80～100；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 文中不能出现与本人相关的信息；4. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 My junior school life is coming to an end. I had a lot of sweet memories. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】My junior school life is coming to an end. I had a lot of sweet memories. Of them I'd like to share with you my favorite story about a basketball game. Our team got a good start by beating two strong teams. However, our captain hurt his finger during the third game. He is the brain of our team. Thinking of losing of the center, we were all down and couldn't concentrate on the next match. Our captain found this and encouraged us to fight on and cheered us up. With the help of our captain we played as well as the first two games. Seeing our captain waving his injured finger, we made our biggest effort in the following games. With the cheers of the students we won the match. During the celebrations we threw our captain into the air. I would never forget it because I understood the importance of teamwork for the first time.
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