(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 必修第1册　Unit 3　Sports and Fitness (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 必修第1册　Unit 3　Sports and Fitness (含答案)，共13页。




教材词汇要记牢
Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认
1．soccer n．足球；足球运动
2．stadium n．(pl.stadiums or stadia)体育场；运动场
3．boxing n．拳击(运动)
4．badminton n．羽毛球运动
5．marathon n．马拉松赛跑
6．ski adj.滑雪的vi.滑雪
7．track and field田径
8．gymnastics n．体操(训练)
9．legend n．传奇故事(或人物)；传说
10．glory n．荣誉；光荣；赞美
11．captain n．(运动队)队长；船长；机长
12．graceful adj.优美的；优雅的
13．push-up n．(especially NAmE) 俯卧撑
14．error n．错误；差错
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1．event n．比赛项目；大事；公开活动
2．track n．跑道；足迹；铁路轨道vi.& vt.追踪；跟踪
3．gym n．健身房；体育馆
4．sweat vt.使出汗；出汗弄湿vi.出汗；流汗n．汗水；出汗
5．athlete n．运动员；运动健儿
6．master n．高手；主人vt.精通；掌握
7．medal n．奖章；勋章
8．champion n．冠军；优胜者
9．apart adv.分离；分开；成碎片
10．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮
11．million num.一百万
12．cheat vi.作弊；舞弊 vt.欺骗；蒙骗n．欺骗手段；骗子
13．audience n．观众；听众
14．positive adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的
15．slim adj.苗条的；单薄的
16．diet n．规定饮食；日常饮食vi.节食
17．rather adv.相当；有点儿
18．jog vi.慢跑 n．慢跑
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1．fitness n．健康；健壮；适合→fit adj.适合的；健康的 vt.适合→unfit adj.不适合的
2．host vt.主办；主持 n．主人；东道主；节目主持人→hostess n．女主人
3．honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸→honorable adj.可敬的；体面的→honored adj.受尊敬的
4．championship n．锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号→champion n．冠军；优胜者
5．determination n．决心；决定→determine v．决心；决意→determined adj.坚决的
6．injure vt.使受伤；损害→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的→injury n．伤害；损伤
7．strength n．力量；体力→strengthen v．增强→strong adj.强壮的
8．failure n．失败；失败的人(或事物)→fail v．失败
9．compete vi.竞争；对抗→competition n．竞争；比赛→competitor n．竞争者；对手→competitive adj.竞争的
10．stress n．压力；紧张；重音 vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安→stressful adj.造成压力的→stressed adj.感到压力的
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．come along跟随；到达；进步；赶快
2．work out锻炼；计算出；解决
3．make it获得成功；准时到达
4．set an example树立榜样
5．fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃
6．lose heart丧失信心；泄气
7．give up放弃；投降
8．make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚
9．pretend to do sth.假装做某事
10．even if/though即使；虽然
11．make a difference有作用或影响
12．rather than而不是
13．cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
14．now and then有时；偶尔
15．compare...with/to...与……比较
高频词汇来助力
1．agricultural adj.农业的
2．allergic adj.过敏的
3．alphabet n．字母表
4．alternative adj.可选择的 n．可供选择的事物
5．altitude n．高地；高度
6．altogether adv.总共
7．amateur adj.业余的；外行的 n．业余选手
8．ambition n．野心；抱负
经典句式需悟通
1．They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others.
他们必须是他们(各自的)运动领域的高手，而且为其他人树立了很好的榜样。
2．Losing two important players was a big challenge，but Lang Ping did not lose heart.
失去两位重要的运动员是一个巨大的挑战，但郎平并没有灰心。
3．The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.
他在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。
4．Instead of saying “I want to lose three kilos”，I would say “I want to run two kilometres in eight minutes” or “I want to be able to do 30 push-ups”．
我不再说“我想减掉3千克”，而是说“我想在8分钟内跑2千米”或“我希望能坐30个俯卧撑”。
5．By being positive about myself and my body，I became both happier and healthier.
通过积极看待自我和自己的身体，我变得更快乐、更健康了。


Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共5分)
1．stadium n．(pl.stadiums or stadia)体育场；运动场
2．marathon n．马拉松赛跑
3．gymnastics n．体操(训练)
4．error n．错误；差错
5．captain n．(运动队)队长；船长；机长
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共14分)
6．sweat vt.使出汗；出汗弄湿 vi.出汗；流汗 n．汗水；出汗
7．cheat v．作弊；欺骗 n．骗子
8．medal n．奖章；勋章
9．champion n．冠军；优胜者
10．failure n．失败；失败的人(或事物)
11．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮
12．positive adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共16分)
13．fitness n．健康；健壮；适合→fit adj.适合的；健康的 vt.适合
14．honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸→honorable adj.可敬的；体面的→honored adj.受尊敬的
15．championship n．锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号→champion n．冠军；优胜者
16．determination n．决心；决定→determine v．决心，决意→determined adj.坚决的
17．injure vt.使受伤；损害→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的→injury n．伤害；损伤
18．strength n．力量；体力→strengthen v．增强→strong adj.强壮的
19．compete vi.竞争；对抗→competition n．竞争；比赛→competitor n．竞争者；对手→competitive adj.竞争的
20．stress n．压力；重音 vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安→stressful adj.造成压力的→stressed adj.感到压力的
Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
21．agricultural adj.农业的
22．alternative adj.可选择的 n．可供选择的事物
23．altogether adv.总共
24．amateur n．业余选手
25．ambition n．野心；抱负
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共20分)
26．come along跟随；到达；进步；赶快
27．work out锻炼；计算出；解决
28．make it获得成功；准时到达
29．set an example 树立榜样
30．lose heart丧失信心；泄气
31．make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚
32．even if/though即使；虽然
33．make a difference有作用或影响
34．rather than而不是
35．compare...with/to...与……比较

Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)
1．Olympic athletes train hard so that they can get good grades at the final competition.
2．When he was only a boy，he was expected to become a world champion(冠军) by his coach and parents.
3．After the accident，the old man was taken to the hospital with a few serious head injuries.
4．When his father came in，he pretended(假装) to be doing his homework.
5．People with high EQs usually have positive attitudes towards life.
6．Now rich people will sometimes pay millions of dollars for one of Van Gogh’s paintings.
7．I was so anxious that my throat was dry，but my palms were sweating(出汗)．
8．We compared the 3 destinations carefully and chose the first one.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)
9．During the forum，Dong Qing，a famous hostess who often hosts wonderful programs，shared her experience of creating the reader.(host)
10．My sister is a determined girl，so we know that once she has determined to do something，she will make her dream come true with great determination.(determine)
11．Though the art show failed to attract as many visitors as we had expected，it was far from being a failure；it was a great success.(fail)
12．The official is more aware of fitness than before and he works out in gyms to keep fit regularly.(fit)
13．More than 10,000 competitors from different countries came to Beijing and competed with each other in the competitive games for medals.(compete)
14．Amazingly，the more stressful the job is，the better your performance will be.In other words，feeling stressed benefits your performance in a way.(stress)
15．The soldier got injured in the battle and suffered a serious injury in the left ankle.(injure)

Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)
16．我们想要一个工作努力、有爱心并且幽默的老师。
We want a teacher who is hardworking，caring and humorous.
17．没有通过考试让他很苦恼，但他并没丧失信心。
Not passing the exam made him annoyed，but he didn’t lose heart.
18．总有很多人支持你的努力，不是吗？
There are always lots of people in support of your efforts，aren’t there?
19．没有向老师们求助，他决定自己解决这个问题。
Instead of turning to teachers for help，he is determined to work out the problem by himself.
20．通过学习英文歌曲，你会发现你的英语口语提高了。
By learning English songs，you will find your oral English improved.


Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking 部分
Living Legends
Whether as a player 1.or as a coach，Lang Ping brought glory and won medals for China,2.making(make) her honoured by fans.3.Faced(face) with challenges，she never lost heart.Even though she lost two of her most important 4.players(player)，she led her team 5.to world championship and then to Olympic gold of 2016.Air Jordan’s skills were 6.impressive(impress)，but 7.the mental strength that he showed made him unique.The secret to his success is learning from failures.8.It was losing games that taught him to practise 9.harder(hard) and never to give up.The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago 10.has been helping(help) young people since 1996.
Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元Reading for Writing部分

Going Positive
Kayla always wanted to look 1.slim by trying every new 2.diet she read about online.Then she came across an article that asked “Am I fit？” instead of “Am I fat？”，which made a great 3.difference to her.Kayla now cares about practice and health 4.rather than losing weight.Finally Kayla stopped 5.comparing herself with actresses and finding faults with her appearance.Instead，she was 6.positive about herself and became happier and healthier.


提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
honour n.荣誉；尊敬；荣幸
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Michael Jordan，a master in basketball，never lost heart even if faced with failure，for which he was greatly honoured(honour)．
(2)A ceremony was held by local people in honour of those killed in the battle.
(3)I feel it a great honour to be invited to the graduation ceremony.
•It’s an honour for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事很荣幸。
feel it an honour to do sth.为做某事感到荣幸
in honour of...向……表示敬意；为纪念……
•be/feel honoured to do sth.做某事感到荣幸

再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(4)能有机会在这里发表演讲，我感到非常荣幸。(应用文之演讲稿)
①It is a great honour for me to have the opportunity to deliver a speech here.(it作形式主语)
②I feel it a great honour to have the opportunity to deliver a speech here.(it作形式宾语)
③I feel greatly honoured to have the opportunity to deliver a speech here.(honoured)
determination n.决心；决定
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Write a poem about how courage，determination(determine)，and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
(2)He determined to work(work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.
(3)Determined(determine) to study hard，Kuang Heng dug a small hole in the wall to steal light from his neighbor’s house to read at night.
•determine v．测定；决定；确定
determine to do...决定做……(表示动作)
determine on/upon (doing) sth.决定(做)某事
•determined adj.坚决的；有决心的
be determined to do...决心做……(表示状态)


再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)处理了这次事故之后，她决定毕业后当医生。
After dealing with the accident，she was determined to become a doctor after graduation.
(determined)
injury n.伤害；损伤
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The captain pretended to be injured(injury)，which brought him a yellow-card warning.
(2)The injured were sent to the nearest hospital by the rescue team to treat their injuries.(injure)
•injured adj.受伤的
the injured受伤的人；伤员
•injure vt.伤害；损伤
get/be injured受伤

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)尽管腿受了伤，他还是决心跑完马拉松。(读后续写)
Though injured in the leg，he was determined to finish the marathon.
failure n.失败；失败的人(或事物)
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The athlete didn’t win a medal or become a champion，but the audience didn’t view him as a failure.
(2)We are often ashamed of our shortcomings，our mistakes and our failures(fail)．(2020·全国Ⅰ)
(3)The man felt depressed that he failed to persuade(persuade) his wife to change her mind.
•failure作可数名词，意为“失败者，失败的事”；作不可数名词，意为“失败”。类似的词还有success，surprise，honour，difficulty等。
•fail v．失败；不及格
fail to do sth.没做成某事

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)正如一句谚语说的那样，失败是成功之母。努力，你就会取得进步的。(应用文之鼓励他人)
As a proverb goes，“Failure is the mother of success.” Work hard，and you will make progress.
compete vi.竞争；对抗
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)As the youngest competitor(compete)，John will compete in the writing contest against others for the annual award of writing.So he must be very competitive(compete) so that he could win.
(2)The athlete thought about honor and glory when competing for a medal.
(3)Our class won the first prize in the English oral competition(compete) held this Monday.
(2020·浙江)
•compete against sb.和某人竞争
compete for sth.为……而竞争
compete in sth.在……中竞争
•competitive adj.竞争的，竞争心强的；有竞争力的
•competitor n．竞争者，竞争对手；参赛者
•competition n．竞争；竞赛，比赛

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)尽管这是一场竞争激烈的比赛，但是真正重要的不是冠军称号，而是参与者在比赛中所展示出来的决心。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，写作)
Though this was a competitive race，what really mattered was not the title of championship but the determination that participants showed during the race.
give up放弃；投降
give in屈服，投降
give out分发；用光
give away赠送；泄露
give off散发(光和热等)
give way to给……让路
give sb.a hand帮某人一个忙

先练基础——根据句意用give短语的正确形式填空
(1)If a person has not had enough sleep in the night，his actions will give him away during the day.
(2)He had intended to write an article，but after a fruitless morning sitting at his desk，he gave up.
(3)On the edge of the jacket，there is a piece of cloth which gives off light in the dark.
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)尽管失败了很多次，他们还是不放弃，最终做出了美味的爆米花。
Though having failed many times，they didn’t give up and finally delicious popcorn was made.
make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚
make for走向；冲向
make it成功；及时达到
make a/no difference有/没有影响
make one’s way前往；成功
make sense of弄懂……的意思
make sure确信；一定
make up组成；补偿；编造；化妆；和解

先练基础——根据句意用make短语的正确形式填空
(1)His words puzzled me so much that I had a hard time trying to make sense of what they really meant.
(2)Pretending to have understood what your teacher said doesn’t make sense.
(3)Whether he is here or not makes no difference to our work.
(4)What a strong wind! I don’t think we will make it to the airport on time.
再提能力——完美写作·句型转换·背诵
(5)He thought that his father’s advice didn’t make sense to him at all，which was not unusual for teenagers.
→He thought that he couldn’t make sense of his father’s advice at all，which was not unusual for teenagers.
rather than而不是
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The father rather than the brothers is(be) responsible for the accident.
(2)Facing up to your problems rather than pretending(pretend) not to see them is the best approach to working things out.
(3)LoveFone，a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning(abandon) them，opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.(2020·江苏)
•rather than连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与前面的主语保持一致，即“就远原则”。与之用法类似的词还有as well as，(together/along) with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to，apart from等。
•rather than前后连接的词的词性通常是一致的。
•rather than后接动词时，动词的形式通常和前面动词的形式一致。
•would do A rather than do B＝would rather do A than do B＝prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做A而不愿做B

再提能力——完美写作·句型转换·背诵
(4)He would rather walk to the destination through a path than take a sightseeing bus.
①He would walk to the destination through a path rather than take a sightseeing bus.
②He preferred to walk to the destination through a path rather than take a sightseeing bus.

cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
cut across穿过(某地)(尤指抄近路)
cut in插嘴
cut off中止；切掉；使隔绝
cut up切碎
cut down砍倒；削减；删节；缩小(尺寸、数量等)

根据句意用cut短语的正确形式填空
(1)The current advice to pregnant women is to cut out alcohol.
(2)I usually cut across the park on my way home so that I can arrive home early.
(3)She kept on cutting in on our conversation，which made us very annoyed.
(4)He cut up the meat on his plate impatiently to show his anger.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
1．work out

(1)Neither the teacher nor his students knew how to work out the problem. B
(2)The area can be easily worked out if you know the length and the width. C
(3)The famous actor keeps fit by working out for an hour every morning. A
2．compare...to...

(1)I often compare what I think to what others have thought. B
(2)Scientists sometimes compare the human brain to a computer. A
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．The soldier felt greatly honoured(honour) to see the emperor in the flesh.
2．Determined(determine) to get to the destination，the athlete showed amazing willpower.
3．The architect got injured(injure) when hiking to the castle through a narrow path.
4．When checking out at the counter，the man found his credit card lost，so he had to give up the purchase.
5．The competition(compete) was extremely fierce and at last we won the match narrowly by 74 vs 72.
6．It is requested that we should cut down the intake of fat and sugar to regain fitness.
7．Rather than admiring(admire) the beauty of movie stars，I learned to discover my unique beauty.
8．Failure(fail) is recognised as the mother of success there，so as long as we don’t lose heart，we will succeed.
9．I could not make sense of what he said until he told me the story in detail.
10．I have been trying(try) to contact the official in charge of transport in the past three hours，but I didn’t make it.
Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力
(2018·全国Ⅲ，书面表达)
1．我很高兴收到你的来信，信里说你想知道我们一直是怎样做运动的。(have been doing)
I’m exceedingly delighted to receive your letter，in which you wonder how we have been doing sports.
2．首先，我们学校建了一座新体育馆，在那里我们可以做各种各样的运动。(where引导的定语从句)
To begin with，our school has built a new gym，where we can play various kinds of sports.
3．过去，由于没有合适的体育设施，我们最喜欢待在宿舍里打视频游戏。(动名词短语作主语)
In the past，staying in the dormitory playing video games was what we loved most because there were no proper sports facilities.
4．现在，很多人会去健身馆锻炼，而不是打视频游戏。(instead of)
Now，instead of playing video games，many people will go to the gym to work out.
5．通过这样做，我们不但增强了体力，而且减肥成功。(by doing...作状语)
By doing so，not only do we build up our strength but also we keep slim successfully.

请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：反意疑问句)
Competitive Sports and Mass Sports

Soccer，boxing，badminton，marathon，skiing，gymnastics and track and field，there seem to be hundreds of sports for us.In stadiums，gyms，or homes，we can work out 1.sweating all over.Competitive sports mean that athletes must compete against each other for medals in championships or Olympics to win 2.honour and glory for their country，which needs not only skills and strength but also great 3.determination.However，success often comes along with stress，failure and injuries.Sometimes even a master will fall apart，but he never loses heart.Finally he makes it and becomes a legend.4.Compared with competitive sports，mass sports focus on fitness 5.rather than competition.Millions of people go jogging or do push-ups to keep slim instead of going on diet by cutting out fat.However，with no audience to shout encouragement，they may give up.They cheat themselves into taking exercise the next day or 6.pretend to have done it otherwise，which doesn’t make sense. However，even if you take exercise now and then，it will make a difference and have 7.positive effects，won’t it?

练基础——单句语法填空
1．Don’t smoke in the meeting room，will you?
2．His wife had the front door painted green yesterday，didn’t she?
技巧一点通
•附加疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是陈述句式，后一部分是疑问句式，两者用逗号隔开。
•附加疑问句一般是前肯定后否定或前否定后肯定。
•附加疑问句又称为反意疑问句。附加疑问部分的句式是：助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。其中的主语必须用代词。

提能力——微写作
根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话
毕竟，是我们共同的努力对环保起作用，难道不是吗？所以让我们立即行动起来，好吗？(应用文之倡议书)
After all，it is our joint efforts that make a difference to the environment protection，isn’t it? So let’s take action right now，shall we？