高中英语新高考语法二轮复习讲义（15）非谓语动词（动名词的用法）知识点总结整理

高中英语新高考语法一轮复习讲义（15）非谓语动词（动名词的用法）知识点总结整理之前我们学习了非谓语动词分词的用法，这期我们来了解一下动名词吧。动名词的形态与现在分词是一样的，然而这容易给同学们带来困惑，怎么区分v-ing这个双面词呢？例1. He is dancing.现在分词（他正在跳舞）例2. His hobby is dancing.动名词（他的爱好是跳舞）动名词和现在分词由于形态相同，很难区分；破解此难题的秘诀就是要牢记：动名词具有名词的性质，名词在句中可做主语、宾语、表语，同样的动名词也能做宾语、表语、和主语。动名词作主语例1. working with him is fun (和他一起工作很有趣）例2. Seeing is believing.（眼见为实）上例中Seeing和working均作主语，故为动名词。注意：动名词作主语时，仍有动词的意味，若该动词原为及物动词，之后仍需加宾语。宾语即使为复数，所形成的动名词短语仍视为单数，之后接单数动词。例. Helping others gives me great pleasure. (帮助别人使我很愉快）本句的主语是整个帮助别人的动作，而不是others。动名词作be动词后的表语例. Seeing is believing. 眼见为实例. His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是收集邮票be动词之后可用不定式或动名词作表语。但我们之前提过，用不定式作表语时通常是表示一种意愿、目的、计划或未完成的事，用动名词作表语则表示一种经历或已知的事。例：可用不定式作表语的一些词Myhope (希望)Goal (目标)desire (欲望)wish (愿望) intention (意图) plan (计划)purpose (目的)ambition (野心)is to win the championshipMy favorite sport is skating. (我最喜爱的运动是滑冰）Seeing is believing. (眼见为实）喜爱的运动是已知的事情，所以用动名词skating作表语。眼见为实表示的是一种经历，故用动名词believing作表语。注意：be动词之后的V-ing可能为动名词，亦可能为现在分词。 动名词作宾语# 作完全及物动词的宾语例. He detests gambling . (他憎恨赌博）
 例. Some poeple do not enjoy smoking . (有些人不喜欢吸烟）下列及物动词习惯上均用动名词作宾语：下列及物动词习惯上均用动名词作宾语:喜欢考虑逃避免(enjoy, consider, escape，avoid)承认放弃太冒险(admit, give up, risk)介意想象莫推延(mind, imagine, fancy, delay, put off)欣赏完成是期望(appreciate, finish, look forward to)建议允许勤练习(suggest, allow, practice)不禁原谅要坚持(can't help, excuse, insist on)继续注意使成功(keep on, pay attention to, succeed in)例He considered studying abroad他考虑出国学习1 once imagined going on a date with him我曾想象和他去约会1 haven't finished writing this letter.这封信还没写完I avoid seeing him again我不想在见到他Let's practice speaking English.让我们练习说英语吧Please pay attention to taking care of your baby.请留意照顾你的孩子这些动词分类的时候也讲过，大家要牢记！要牢记！要牢记！需要注意的是：部分动词可以跟动名词或不定式，但意思不相同；C.下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意思不同Stop to do停下来去做stop doing停止做Forget to do忘记要做forget doing忘记做过Remember to do记得要做remember doing记得做过Regret to do遗憾要做regret doing后悔做过Try to do企图做，尽力做try doing试着做Go on to do继续做(另- -件事)go on doing继续做(同一件事)Mean to do打算做mean doing意味做例He stopped writing他停下了写作He stopped to watch live sports他停下来看体育直播而continue、began、start、like/dislike、love、hate这5个动词既可以跟动名词也可以跟不定式，且意思相同。# 作介词的宾语She is fond of taking a walk.（他喜欢散步）His illness prevented us from starting our business. (他的病使得我们无法开展我们的事业）The book is worth reading. （这本书值得看）比较worth、worthy、worthwhile的用法：①  worth。worth是介词，置于be动词之后，可接动名词或名词作宾语例. the issue is worth paying attention to （这个议题值得注意）例. the car is worth a fortune. (这部车值不少钱）② worthy。形容词，与of连用。“ be worthy of + 名词”，译为值得……③ worthwhile。形容词，译为值得的，置于名词前That's a worthwhile book to read.（那是一本值得看的书）所有格与动名词的关系在前面，我们提过that引导的名词性从句可做作主语例 . That John refused to do his homework made his father angry. （约翰不肯做功课使得他父亲非常生气）此时可以将that从句化为动名词短语，仍作句中的主语
 化简方法：去掉that，将that从句中的主语变成所有格，that从句的动词变成动名词。上例可化成 John's refusing to do his homework made his fahter angry.动名词可与名词连用，形成复合名词a sleeping car  卧铺车厢a dining room  饭厅a walking stick 手杖a sewing machine  缝纫机drinking water 引用水常用的动名词惯用语It is no use V-ing...是无用的It is no use trying to escape(想逃走时没用的)On V-ing就= as soon as/once/the moment/the instant例. On hearing it ,he cried. (- -听到那件事他就哭了)Cannot help/resist/stop V-ing忍不住....= cannot but V例. He couldn't help crying when he saw her= He couldn't but cry when ha saw her (当他看见她时忍不住哭了)