(新高考)高考英语二轮复习专题12《特殊句式》讲练测(2份打包,解析版+原卷版)
展开2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)
第12讲—特殊句式
【复习概览】
在语境中理解和运用新的语法知识
核心素养
特殊句式
语言能力
语法知识
1.单句填空
2.语篇填空
3.单句翻译
4.书面表达
生活实践和学习探索情境
高考评价
关键能力
必备知识()
在语境中理解和运用新的语法知识
【命题分析】
一、命题要求
特殊句式考点,是英语高考考点之一。在高考中主要考查点有:强调句型、倒装句、省略和主谓一致等。
二、命题形式
本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有:1.语法填空;2.书面表达。特殊句式在语法填空中是常考点。
2022年特殊句式还有可能考,让学生掌握这个考点是必要的。
【基础巩固】
知识点:特殊句式
重难点知识:
考点1强调
【典例】
1. (2021·天津耀华滨海学校高三三模)It was only after experiencing the failure________ he began to train seriously and he won the championship in the 400-metcr freestyle a year later.
A.when B.whether C.that D.which
【答案】C
【解析】考查强调句。句意:在经历了失败后,他开始认真训练,并在一年后赢得了400米自由泳冠军。分析句子可知,该句去掉It was和设空处仍然是完整的句子,由此可知此处考查该强调句,结构为:It is + 被强调部分 + that/who(强调人时可用who)...,该句被强调部分为状语,只能用that。故选C项。
2. —What do you think it is ________has brought worldwide attention to China? (用适当的单词填空)
—Rapid and steady economic growth, of course.
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句。句意:——你认为是什么使得全世界关注中国?——当然是快速而稳定的经济增长。分析句子结构,把it is和该空去掉,该句句子结构完整,语义清晰,由此判断该句为强调句it is/was+ 被强调部分+ that+句子的其他成分,如果被强调的部分是人,可以用who代替that。这里强调主语what,故填that。
【方法指导】
1.强调句型的基本构成是“It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。
2.如果原句中含有“not...until”,在强调时间状语时,将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。
3.强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前;特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词+is/was+it+that从句”。
4.do/does/did强调句型:do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调,且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。
【变式】
【变式】1
It’s unnecessary and it’s not important at all. We needn’t care about it. It is one’s inner beauty________matters. (用适当的单词填空)
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句型。句意:没有必要,也一点都不重要,我们不需要关心它。一个人的内在美才是最重要的。把It is和该空去掉,该句句子结构完整,语义清晰,可知此处是强调句型it is/was +被强调部分+that +其他,如果被强调的部分是人,可以用who代替that。此处强调的是主语one’s inner beauty,不指人。故填that。
【变式】2
It’s not what you have in your life but ________you have in your life that matters. (用适当的单词填空)
【答案】who
【解析】考查强调句型的用法和主语从句。句意:重要的不是你在生活中拥有什么而是你拥有谁。题干中not what you have in your life but ________you have in your life是强调句中的被强调部分,根据前者的what,判断but后的从句中缺少have的宾语,指人。故用who。
考点2倒装
【典例】
1. Only after one has become a parent ________he realize how great his parents are. (用适当的单词填空)
【答案】will
【解析】考查部分倒装。句意:只有一个人为人父母后,他才知道他的父母多么的伟大。"Only+状语从句"放在句首的时候,后面的句子用部分倒装,助动词/be动词/情态动词放在主语前面,由于从句用现在完成时,主句用一般将来时,所以答案为will。
2. Never ________it realistic for Europe to lay too much hope on China since the debt problem will only be solved by European countries themselves. (用适当的单词填空)
【答案】is
【解析】考查部分倒装。句意:对于欧洲而言从来没有把太多的希望放在中国,这是现实的,因为债务问题将只能由欧洲国家自己来解决。否定词never放在句首,后面使用倒装句。根据后半句“since the debt problem will only be solved by European countries themselves”可知,本句用一般现在时,it作形式主语,故用is。
【方法指导】
1.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时句子使用部分倒装。
2.否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等置于句首时,句子使用部分倒装。
3.表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时,用倒装结构“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义)。
4.在so...that...和such...that...句式中,如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时,主句中需要部分倒装。
5.not only...but also...,连接两个并列分句,not only置于句首时,它所在的分句使用部分倒装。
6.as/though引导让步状语从句时,将表语、状语或谓语动词提前,构成倒装。句式为:表语、状语或动词原形+as/though+主语+其他。(though引导的从句也可用正常语序)
7. hardly...when...;no sooner...than...;scarcely...when...“刚……就……”,hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时,主句用部分倒装,从句不倒装,且主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。
【变式】
【变式】(2021·黑龙江哈尔滨市·哈尔滨三中高三期末)It is through decades of hard work
China has progressed to a new stage.
A.that B.where C.which D.what
【答案】A
【解析】考查强调句。句意:经过几十年的努力,中国发展到了一个新阶段。分析句子结构,把It is和该空去掉,该句结构完整,语义清晰,由此判断该句为强调句,强调句的基本结构为It is / was+被强调的部分+that+句子的其他成分,如果被强调的部分是人,可以用who代替that,句中强调状语through decades of hard work。故选A。
考点3省略
【典例】
1.(2021·黑龙江哈尔滨市·哈尔滨三中高三期末)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ________, reaching 30℃ in summer.
A.if anything B.if ever C.if any D.if so
【答案】B
【解析】考查省略。句意:这里的气候相当宜人,夏天的温度极少达到30摄氏度。A. if anything如果有什么的话;B. if ever如果有过的话;C. if any即便要;D. if so要是这样。此处为条件状语从句的省略,且if ever与rarely连用,表示“极少”。故选B。
2.(2021·天津高三一模)When ________, the two methods can help us save much time and money.
A.being combined B.combined C.to be combined D.combining
【答案】B
【解析】考查过去分词和省略句。句意:结合起来,这两种方法可以帮助我们节省很多时间和金钱。when引导的时间状语从句和主句主语相同时,从句可省略主语和系动词。当动词和主语构成主动关系时,应用现在分词,构成被动关系时,应用过去分词。combine意为“使结合”,和主语the two methods构成被动关系。所以应用过去分词combined。故选B。
【方法指导】
1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或主语是it,且从句中含be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
2.so或not代替上文内容,此时可用“if+so/not”省略句式;其他类似结构还有if ever,if any,if anything等。
3.I'm afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答句,后面跟so与not分别表示肯定或否定,宾语从句可省去。
4.单独使用不定式符号to代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,常用在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面。否定形式的省略用not to。
5.不定式符号to用在某些形容词,如glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后面。
6.如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,have和have been。
7.在do nothing but,can't help but,why not,would rather...than...;prefer to do...rather than...等句型中省略to。
【变式】
(2020·江苏南通市·高三期中)When ____________ (expose) to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, feeling nervous or anxious. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】exposed
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:当面临危险和冲突时,男性往往会血压升高,感到紧张或焦虑。分析句子结构和句意可知,be exposed to“暴露于”是固定短语,此处从句的主语与主句一致为men,当从句的主语与主句一致时,且含有be动词,从句的主语和be动词都可以省略,所以空处需用过去分词exposed。故填exposed。
考点4主谓一致
1.意义一致原则
①The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.
既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。
②Many a large and big business has been built up from small ones.
很多大企业都是从小规模发展起来的。
③Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.
昨天只干了60%的活。
④Every boy and every girl is asked to be at the school gate before 7:30 tomorrow morning.
所有男女生要求明天早上之前在学校门口集合。
【方法指南】
1.由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体),谓语动词用单数。
2.“no/each/every+单数名词+and+no/each/every+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。
3.非谓语动词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
4.表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语时,看作一个整体时为单数。
5.含修饰语的名词作主语的特殊情况
①many a/more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
②the rest,the remaining/part...+主语,谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。
③分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时,谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。
2.就近一致原则
①Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.
或者你或者我要负责这件事。
②Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.
不仅学生而且老师也喜欢这部电影。
③There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box.
=There are two pens and a pencil in the pencil-box.
文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。
【方法指南】
1.由or,nor,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but (also)连接的并列主语,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。
2.there be句型中,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
3.语法一致原则
①The majority of visitors were in favor of his conclusion that the number of books published on the subject was simply surprising.
大多数的访客都支持他的结论:在这个主题方面出版的书的数量真是令人惊讶。
②With more and more forests being destroyed,a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.
=With more and more forests being destroyed,quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
随着越来越多的森林被砍伐,每年有大量的沃土被冲走。
③No one in the depart but Tom and I knows that the director is going to resign.
除了我和汤姆外,这个部门没人知道主管要辞职。
④This kind of flowers sells well.
这种花卖得很好。
【方法指南】
1.主语和谓语通常遵循语法一致的原则,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。
2.a quantity of接名词时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。quantities of后接复数名词、不可数名词,后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。
3.由“kind (form,type,sort,species,portion,series)of”等修饰的主语,其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。
4.主语后跟有with,together with,as well as,like,but,except,along with,rather than,including,in addition to等附属成分时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
【关键能力】
特殊句式与语法填空
特殊句式常考的语法项目包含主谓一致、倒装句、强调句、省略句、感叹句、祈使句等,考查形式有谓语动词的数、状语从句的省略中的非谓语动词以及助动词、替代词或标志性的词等。
[典题试做]
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内所给词的正确形式。
1. It could be anything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—but whatever it is,________ (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
2. Yangshuo ________(be) really beautiful.
3. If ________(accept) for the job,you'll be informed soon.
4. Video games can be a poor influence if ________(leave) in the wrong hands.
5.Only when Lily walked into the office ________she realize that she had left the contract at home.
答案:1.make 2.is 3.accepted 4.left 5.did
[应对策略]
注意分析句式结构,确定为何种特殊句式,再根据特殊句式的结构特点填入适当的词。
◆书面表达中特殊句式易错点聚焦
在书面表达中适当引入特殊句式,可提高表达的层次,增强交际效果。但是学生在实际运用中主要存在以下问题:
1.主谓不一致
(误)Your friend and adviser have agreed to lend me some money.
(正)Your friend and adviser has agreed to lend me some money.
(误)Many a scientist have sacrificed their lives for science.
(正)Many a scientist has sacrificed his life for science.
(误)Mr Wang,together with his wife,have gone to Australia.
(正)Mr Wang,together with his wife,has gone to Australia.
(误)Each of the boys have their own books.
(正)Each of the boys has his own books.
(误)The blind is not able to walk without sticks.
(正)The blind are not able to walk without sticks.
(误)Five years have passed since then.
(正)Five years has passed since then.
2.缺乏运用意识
语言输出时,多用正常语序的简单句、并列句等,而缺乏运用特殊句式的意识。
(简单句堆积)I am Li Hua.I am chairman of the Student Union.I am from Chenguang High School.
(同位语)I am Li Hua,chairman_of_the_Student_Union,from_Chenguang_High_School.
(一般表达)I didn't realize its importance until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school.
(倒装句)Not_until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school did_I_realize_its_importance.
(强调句)It_was_not_until_I_was_chosen_monitor_of_my_class_in_my_senior_middle_school that I realized its importance.
3.运用中出现语法错误
(误)Only_work_hard can you achieve your goal.
(正)Only_by_working_hard can you achieve your goal.
(误)There have some problems exist in our school.
(正)There exist some problems in our school.
(误)Only after the war learned_he the sad news.
(正)Only after the war did_he_learn the sad news.
(误)It was at_midnight_when I got back home yesterday.
(正)It was at_midnight_that I got back home yesterday.
(正)It was midnight_when I got back home yesterday.
第12讲 –特殊句式(练)
时间 :50分钟 满分:50分
姓名________________ 得数___________________
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每个1分,共25分)
1.(2021·黑龙江哈师大附中高三期末)Much ____________ I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely.
【答案】as/though
【解析】考查让步状语从句的倒装。句意:尽管我很佩服他的勇气,但我认为他的行为并不明智。由句意可知,本句是由as/though(尽管)引导的让步状语从句,本句进行了部分倒装,将状语提到as/though前面,原句为:As/Though I admire his courage much。故填as/though。
2.( So touching ________the song sound that I couldn’t hold my tears back when I heard it for the first time.
【答案】did
【解析】考查倒装句。句意:当我第一次听到这首歌时,我禁不住流下了眼泪。当"so+形容词"置于句首时,句子应用部分倒装,助动词提前;根据从句时态可知,应用一般过去时,故填助动词did。
3. Not until I returned ________I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.
【答案】did
【解析】考查部分倒装。句意:直到回来,我才发现安静的小镇生活对我才是最好的。not until放在句首,主句要部分倒装。结合前文的returned可知,可知为一般过去时,故在主句主语I前加did。故填did。
4.—Was it at 11 o’clock ________your father came back last night?
—Yes, he is always coming back so late.
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句。句意:——你爸爸昨晚是11点回来的吗?——是的,他总是这么晚回来。分析句子可知,把was it和该空去掉之后,句子意思和结构完整,由此判断本句为强调句。强调句的结构为it is/was+被强调部分+that+句子的其他成分,如果被强调的部分是人,可以用who代替that,这里被强调的部分是时间状语at 11 o’clock。故填that。
5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ________annoyed me.
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句。句意:是他话里的意思而不是他说的话把我惹恼了。分析可知,去掉设空处和It was该句是一个完整的句子,故这是一个强调句,被强调的部分是“what he meant rather than what he said”,结合强调句的结构,强调事物用that,该空应该填 that。故填that。
6. Who was it ________played a trick on the new English teacher?
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句。句意:是谁捉弄了新来的英语教师?把was it和该空去掉,句子结构完整,语义清晰,由此判断该句为强调句的特殊疑问句“特殊疑问词+ is/was + it that...”。故填that。
7. He jumped at the opportunity when he saw the advertisement in a newspaper, because barely________(can) he make ends meet.
【答案】could
【解析】考查倒装句。句意:因为入不敷出,当他在报纸上看到这则广告时抓住了机会。否定副词barely位于从句句首时句子要进行部分倒装,将助动词、情态动词或系动词be等置于主语前,再结合“jumped”可知,使用情态动词can的过去式could。故填could。
8. Only after Mary read her essay the second time________she notice the spelling mistake. (用适当的单词填空)
【答案】did
【解析】考查部分倒装。句意:只有当玛丽第二次读文章时,她才注意到拼写错误。Only的倒装有两个条件:only放在句首,且强调的是状语。本题中only放在了句首,强调的是时间状语从句after Mary read her essay the second time,所以后面使用倒装句的形式;描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时,故将助动词did置于主语she之前。故答案是did。
9. I believe that when the power of love overcomes the love of power,________then will there be peace in this world.(用适当的单词填空)
【答案】only
【解析】考查固定句型。句意:我相信,当爱的力量战胜了对权势的爱,直到那时这个世界才会有和平。此处为“only then…”句型,表示“直到那时”,后跟部分倒装。故填only。
10.(2020·江苏省前黄高级中学高三月考)Wasn’t it the icy road rather than the drivers______ was to blame for the series of traffic accidents?
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句型。句意:这一系列交通事故的罪魁祸首不是结冰路面,而是司机吗?去掉Wasn’t it和空处,句子成分仍然完整,所以本句为强调句型。其基本结构为:it is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分。故填that。
11.(2020·河南南阳市·南阳中学高三月考)Once___________ (pour), water can’t be taken back.
【答案】poured
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:水一倒就收不回来了。once连接的状语从句中,常省略跟主句相同的主语和从句中的be动词。从句陈述客观事实应用一般现在时,主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,故从句完整为Once(water is) poured。故填poured。
12.(2020·全国)Potatoes turn green when ________(expose) to light. (所给单词的适当形式填空)
【答案】exposed
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:土豆在光照下会变绿。分析句子可知,此处为when引导的时间状语从句的省略,根据Potatoes 与expose 的被动关系可将从句补全为when they are exposed to light。在when引导的时间状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时,可省略从句的主语和be,故填exposed。
13. When deeply ______(absorb) in work, he always forgets all about eating or sleeping. (用单词的适当形式完成句子)
【答案】absorbed
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:当他全神贯注地工作时,他总是忘记吃饭和睡觉。 absorb意为“使……全神贯注”,常用句型sb. be absorbed in sth.,意为“某人全神贯注于……”。该处指他全神贯注于工作,因此,需要选择用absorb的某种形式。when引导时间状语从句,该从句补充完整为:when he is deeply absorbed in work。根据“主从句主语一致,且从句中有be的时候,可以省略从句主语和be”的原则,该从句省略为when deeply absorbed。故填absorbed。
14.(2020·全国)There __________ an apple, two bananas and some oranges on the plates. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:盘子里有一个苹果,两根香蕉和一些橙子。There be“有”,是倒装句,谓语动词采用就近原则,主语为an apple, two bananas and some oranges,谓语动词的数由最近的an apple决定,因此be动词要用单数形式,结合语境可知本句为一般现在时。故填is。
15. _____(delight) as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers of a newly opened restaurant. (所给单词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Delighted
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:尽管看到眼前的西红柿我很高兴,但当我得知布朗斯格罗夫农场是一家新开张的餐馆的供应商之一时,我更高兴了。分析可知,题干中形容词前置句首,且前后句为转折关系,可推知本句应是让步状语从句结构:形容词/副词 + as + 主语 + 系动词/动词,修饰人的情感,用过去分词。故填Delighted。
16.(2020·全国)Oh! It’s 9 o’clock! I know there is no ______(possible)that I can catch up with the train. (所给单词的适当形式填空)
【答案】possibility
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:噢!已经九点了!我知道赶上火车是不可能的了。“There is no possibility that...”是固定句型,意为“......是没有可能的”,其中that引导的同位语从句是对possibility进行补充说明。分析句子可知,此处应该用形容词possible的名词形式possibility,故填possibility。
17. Only if you put the sun there __________ the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】did
【解析】考查倒装和时态。句意:只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其它行星的运动才能说得通。Only if条件从句在前,主句要进行部分倒装,即助动词或情态动词提到主语前,put the sun there是哥白尼当时的动作,用的是一般过去时,前后时态一致,助动词用did,故填did。
18.(2020·全国)__________ the case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night. (只有) (根据汉语意思填空)
【答案】Only if
【解析】考查连词。句意:只有情况紧急时,你才应该在半夜把医生叫来。根据句意,“the case is urgent(情况紧急)”是“半夜叫医生”的条件,且主句的谓语部分“should you call out”用了部分倒装结构,所以应考虑only位于句首。故填Only if。
19.(2020·全国)---How is the man injured in the earthquake?
---The doctor said if _________(treat) in a proper way, he was likely to be saved. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】treated
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:医生说如治疗得当,地震中受伤的人可能得救。因从句主语是“治疗”这一动作的承受者且描述过去的事实,故从句用一般过去时的被动语态,if从句的主语与主句“he was likely to be saved”的主语一致,故从句省略主语和be动词,“if he was treated … ” 省略成“if treated”。故填treated。
20.(2020·全国)When ________ (offer) help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It's kind of you.”
当被提供帮助的时候,人们常说“谢谢”或者“你真好。”
【答案】offered
【解析】考查省略句。根据句意可知,此处需填“被提供帮助”。当状语从句和主句主语相同时,状语从句的主语和be动词可以省略;不省略的情况下,从句应为When he is offered help,省略后则为When offered help。故填offered。
21.(2020·全国高三专题)In ____________ case should we prevent the students from exploring new ideas and technology.(用适当的单词填空)
【答案】no
【解析】考查部分倒装结构。句意:在任何情况下我们都不应该阻止学生探索新思想和新技术。分析句子结构可知,该句…should we prevent the students…使用了部分倒装句,因此句首应该是表示否定的短语,in no case意为“在任何情况下都不……”,符合句意。故填no。
22. It was with great joy ________ Tom received the news ________ his lost son had been found.
【答案】that that
【解析】考查强调句式和同位语从句。第一空考查强调句型,强调的是状语with great joy,故应填that;第二空考查同位语从句,从句中不缺少成分也不缺少语义,它是名词news的具体内容,故应填that。句意:汤姆得知他走失的儿子找到时欣喜若狂。
23. From the picture we know, ________ happy do the children feel that they are wild with joy.
【答案】So
【解析】考查倒装句的用法。根据句中“that从句”可知,该题考查“so...that”句式引出的倒装;So+形容词或副词位于句子开头,则主句用部分倒装。句意:从我们知道的图片中可知,孩子们感到很快乐以至于他们都要乐疯了。故答案为So。
24. Only by communicating with each other more frequently ________ they clear away the misunderstandings and solve the conflict.
【答案】can
【解析】考查部分倒装。“only+状语”位于句首,主句要部分倒装。句意:只有通过经常沟通,他们才能清除误会,解决问题。结合语意可知答案是can。
25. It is not what we do once in a while ___________shapes our lives but what we do consistently.
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句型。句意:塑造我们生活的不是我们偶尔做的事情而是我们经常做的事情。本句是强调句型,强调主语not what we do once in a while but what we do consistently,这是指物的短语,所以要填that。
Ⅱ.单项选择(每个1分,共25分)
1.(2021·江苏高三)There is no doubt________ this candidate’s strength lies in his ability to________ conflicts in the workplace.
A.whether; look into B.if; come up with
C.that, deal with D.that; participate in
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定句型和动词短语辨析。句意:毫无疑问,这位候选人的优势在于他处理工作场所冲突的能力。第一空为固定句型there is no doubt that…,表示“毫无疑问……”;第二空,A. look into调查;B. come up with提出;C. deal with处理;D. participate in参加。根据后文“conflicts in the workplace”可知是指处理冲突的能力,应用deal with。故选C。
2.(2021·银川市第六中学高三三模)Hearing the cat coming, away ________.
A.ran all the mice B.running all the time
C.all the mice ran D.did all the mice run
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装句。句意:听到猫来了,所有的老鼠都跑开了。away是表示方位地点的副词,置于句首,且主语是名词时,用完全倒装,即将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。故选A。
3.(2021·天津耀华中学高三二模)________ both sides accept the agreement will a lasting peace be established in this region.
A.As long as B.Only if C.If only D.Unless
【答案】B
【解析】考查从属连词和部分倒装。句意:只有双方接受这项协议,才能在该地区建立持久的和平。A.As long as只要;B.Only if只有;C.If only要是……多好;D.Unless除非。主句“will a lasting peace be established in this region”使用了部分倒装,所以从句应为only修饰状语从句,即当only修饰状语放在句首时主句使用部分倒装,符合的只有选项B。其它三个选项都不符合部分倒装规则。且根据句意,此处是指只有双方接受这项协议,才能在该地区建立持久的和平。故选B。
4.(2021·天津南开区·南开中学高三二模)Though________ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A.surprising B.to surprise C.being surprised D.surprised
【答案】D
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:教授见到我们虽然很惊讶,但还是热情地欢迎了我们。be surprised to do,对做某事很惊讶,在though引导的让步状语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时,可省略从句的主语和be,本句完整形式为:Though he was surprised to see us,相当于省略了he was,故选D。
5.(2021·天津滨海新区·高三三模)________is the power of global warming that the climate goes from one extreme to the other.
A.Such B.This C.That D.So
【答案】A
【解析】考查结果状语从句。句意:全球变暖的力量如此强大,以至于气候从一个极端走向了另一个极端。“such...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”,为固定搭配,此处such放在句首主句用部分倒装。so需要修饰形容词或副词。故选A。
6.(2021·天津高三一模)—Will you go to the party?
—Of course I will if ________.
A.invited B.having invited C.I was invited D.I will be invited
【答案】A
【解析】考查省略句。句意:——你会去参加聚会吗?——如果我被邀请的话,当然会去。在if引导的条件状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时,可省略从句的主语和be动词,此处遵循“主将从现”原则,从句完整形式为“if I am invited”,相当于省略了I am。故选A。
7.(2021·福建省武平县第一中学高三一模)If Tom’s wife won’t go to the party,________.
A.he will either B.neither will he C.he neither will D.either he will
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓倒装。句意:如果汤姆的妻子不去聚会,他也不去。 “so+助动词(情态动词或连系动词)+另一主语”,表示前面的情况也适用于后者;如果前句是否定句,则要用“neither /nor +助动词(情态动词或连系动词)+主语”。本句的前文为否定,所以后文表示“也是如此”,用neither/nor的倒装,故选B。
8.(2021·福建省武平县第一中学高三一模)Do you think ________ true that ________is hard work that leads to success?
A.it; it B.it; what C.that; it D.what; which
【答案】A
【解析】考查it作形式宾语和强调句。句意:你认为努力工作会导致成功是真的吗?分析句子可知,第一空是it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是that引导的宾语从句;第二空是强调句型,强调句的基本结构是:it is/was +被强调部分+ that + 句子的其他成分,如果被强调的部分是人,可以用who代替that,应用it。故选A。
9.(2021·福建省武平县第一中学高三一模)Only when ________hard________realize your dream of going to a key university.
A.do you study; you can B.you study; you can C.do you study; can you D.you study; can you
【答案】D
【解析】考查倒装句。句意:只有当你努力学习,你才能实现你去重点大学的梦想。分析句子可知,only+时间状语从句位于句首,主句应用部分倒装,从句语序正常。故选D。
10.(2021·山东)—He’s been to China.
—___________ I
A.So am B.Nor have C.So have D.Neither do
【答案】C
【解析】考查倒装句。句意:——他去过中国。——我也去过。当主句表示肯定时,表示“另一主语也是”的倒装句式为“So+助动词/情态动词/be+主语”。主句中He's been…为He has been…的缩写,为现在完成时,答句主语为I,对应的助动词是have。故选C项。
11.(2021·天津市宝坻区第一中学高三期末)This discovery helped researchers conclude that these two drugs, when ___ together, could lead to heart disease.
A.taken B.taking C.to take D.having taken
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词和省略。句意:这一发现帮助研究人员得出结论,当这两种药物同时服用时,可能会导致心脏病。分析句子结构可知,空处省略主语the two drags,此处表示药被服用,所以空处需用一般现在时的被动语态:are taken,此处when引导的时间状语从句,主语与宾语从句主句一致,且含有be动词,所以此处be动词和主语被省略,所以可能从需用过去分词taken,故选A。
12.(2021·黑龙江牡丹江市·牡丹江一中高三期末)This is an illness that can result in total blindness if ______.
A.to leave untreating B.left untreated
C.leaving untreating D.is left untreated
【答案】B
【解析】考查省略和非谓语动词。句意:这种疾病如果不治疗,可能导致完全失明。根据句意可知,动词leave和主语之间是被动关系, if引导的条件状语从句应该是if it is left untreated,其中it is被省略,故选B项。
14.(2021·黑龙江哈尔滨市·哈尔滨三中高三期末)He was born in an extended family. His family, is richer than mine.
A.if so B.if anything C.if ever D.if not
【答案】B
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:他出生在一个大家庭里。如果要说有什么区别的话,他家比我家更有钱。A. if so如果是这样的话;B. if anything如果有什么区别的话;C. if ever如果有过的话;D. if not如果不。状语从句省略了it is,根据后文“is richer than mine”可知是将自己与他进行比较,说明二者的区别是他家比“我家”更有钱。故选B。
15.(2021·黑龙江哈师大附中高三期末)No sooner ____________ these words than the warden hit him on the head with the soup spoon.
A.had the boy spoken B.has the boy spoken
C.did the boy speak D.was the boy speaking
【答案】A
【解析】考查部分倒装。句意:男孩一说出这些话,监狱长就用汤匙打他的头。“no sooner ...than...”是一个固定搭配,常引导时间状语从句,主句用过去完成时,“than”后面的从句用一般过去时,意为:一……就,no sooner 放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装结构,即将过去完成时的助动词had提前。故选A。
16.(2021·天津市天津中学高三月考)Never before ____________ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
A.had she B.she had
C.has she D.she has
【答案】C
【解析】考查倒装。句意:在那以前,她从来没有看到一个人可能和Robert一样打乒乓球打得那么好。否定词never放在句首,主句要部分倒装,B、D排除,又因为是过去的情况对现在造成的影响,所以为现在完成时,是第三人称所以用has,所以用现在完成时,排除A,故选C。
17.(2021·黑龙江实验中学)_______ seems to be some disagreement between his words and actions.
A.There B.It C.That D.What
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定句型。句意:他的言行似乎有些不一致。此处为固定句型There seems/appears to be+主语,表示“看上去似乎……;好像有”。故选A。
18.(2021·黑龙江实验中学)So sudden ________ that the enemy had no time to escape.
A.the attack did B.did the attack C.the attack was D.was the attack
【答案】D
【解析】考查倒装句。句意:进攻来得太突然,敌人来不及逃跑。在so…that…结构中,有时要强调so所修饰的形容词或副词,常将so连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提前放在句首,so 后面的句子要使用部分倒装。sudden是形容词,应该与be动词搭配使用,且时态为一般过去时,故应将was提前。故选D。
19.(2021·福建省武平县第一中学高三一模)If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party,________.
A.he will either B.neither will he
C.he neither will D.either he will
【答案】B
【解析】考察主谓倒装. “so+助动词(情态动词或连系动词)+另一主语”,表示前面的情况也适用于后者;如果前句是否定句,则要用“neither /nor +助动词+主语”。句意:如果乔的妻子不去聚会,他也不去.前文为否定,故选B.
20.(2020·黑龙江哈尔滨市第六中学校)It was ______ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home.
A.repairing B.repaired C.to repair D.in repair
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:老人整个上午都待在家里,就是在修理旧钟。分析句子结构可知此处为强调句结构“it is/was+被强调部分+that+其他”,且根据短语spend time (in) doing sth.,可知此处应用repairing,被强调部分为repairing the old clock。故选A。
21.(2020·赤峰二中高三月考)When ________ a test, one may feel shaky, sweaty, with his heart beating quickly.
A.having B.have C.had D.having had
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当进行测试时,一个人可能会感到颤抖,出汗,心跳加速。分析句子结构,When ________ a test是时间状语,“have”与其逻辑主语“one”之间是主动关系,用现在分词,分词的动作与谓语动作同时发生,用现在分词的一般式。此处省略了be动词,故选A。
22.(2020·河北高三学业考试)While ________ dogs, people should not let them loose. Otherwise, they may be dangerous to others.
A.walking B.walked C.having walked D.to walk
【答案】A
【解析】考查状语从句的省略和现在分词。句意:遛狗时,人们不应该松开它们。否则,它们可能会对其他人造成危险。本句是由While引导的时间状语从句,当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致,且状语从句中有be动词的时候,可以把从句的主语和be动词一起省略;本题的walk与后面主语people构成主动关系,使用现在分词(doing)的形式,完整的从句为:While (people are) walking dogs。故选A项。
23.(2020·黑龙江哈师大附中高三期中)He realized that ____there was a time for action, this was it.
A.if ever B.if possible C.if any D.if necessary
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意:他意识到,如果要行动的时候,那就是现在。A. if ever如果有过的话;B. if possible如果可能的话;C. if any如果真有的话;D. if necessary如果必要的话。根据下文there was,这里表示“如果有某物”,A项符合句意,故选A项。
24.(2020·黑龙江哈尔滨三中高三期中)It was ______before I arrived at the cottage the little boy was seized by a stranger of average build.
A.short; when B.only; while C.shortly; that D.just; which
【答案】C
【解析】考查副词和强调句型。句意:在我到达小屋前不久,这个小男孩就被一个中等身材的陌生人抓住了。shortly before...“ 在......之前不久”;just before...“就在......之前”;only before...“只有在......之前”。且去掉it was和第二个空格后,仍然是一句完整的话,满足强调句的结构,所以第二个空填that。两空结合,故选C。
25.(2020·天津市滨海新区塘沽第一中学)I wonder when it was_______you came to realize ________his words meant.
A.that; what B.what; that C.what; what D.that; which
【答案】A
【解析】考查强调句及宾语从句。句意:我想知道究竟是什么时候你意识到他所说的话的真正意思是什么。本句是一个多重复合句。I wonder后是when引导的强调句式的特殊疑问句,可以复原为“It was (when) that you came to realize…”以协助理解,所以空一用强调句的引导词that;及物动词realize后接宾语从句,该从句中动词meant后的宾语缺失,即空二应填入能充当meant宾语的疑问词来引导宾语从句,结构为meant sth.(what),故what正确。故选A。
第12讲—特殊句式
时间 :50分钟 满分:50分
姓名________________ 得数___________________
I.语法填空(15分)【江西省重点中学盟校2021届高三第一次联考】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese scientists have created the world’s first light-based quantum (量子) computer, called Jiuzhang. It’s 1. breakthrough in the field after Google completed its quantum computer last year. 2. (compare) with today’s best supercomputers, Jiuzhang can calculate 100,000 billion times faster.
Usually, information 3. (handle) in binary bits (二进位) by classical computers, presenting itself as either 0s or 1s. However, quantum computers process data using qubits (量子位), 4. is identified as 0s, 1s or everything in between. As a result, as the number of qubits 5. (increase), the computing ability of quantum computers rises too. Another advantage of Jiuzhang is that it’s 6. (easy) to make and maintain. Superconducting quantum computers must be kept at ultra-cold temperatures 7. (ensure) their materials can conduct electricity without any resistance. But most parts of Jiuzhang can operate at room temperature except its sensory equipment and it must be kept at -29.1℃. With advantages 8. traditional computers, quantum computers have a wide range of 9. (apply). The calculations carried out by Jiuzhang can 10. (potential) be applied to machine learning, quantum chemistry and graph theory.
【答案】1.a2.Compared3.is handled4.which5.increases6.easier7.to ensure8.over9.applications
10.potentially
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家成功创造了世界第一台光子的量子计算机“九章”,并介绍了它的操作原理和优势。
1.考查冠词。句意:谷歌去年完成量子计算机后, 这是在这一领域的一个突破。分析句子可知,句中“breakthrough”意为“突破,重大进展”,为可数名词,句中泛指一个突破,故应用不定冠词修饰,breakthrough单词音标的第一个音素为辅音音素,故应用不定冠词a。故填a。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:与当今最好的超级计算机相比,九章的计算速度快了10万亿倍。分析句子可知,句中有谓语动词“calculate”且句中无连词,故应用compare的非谓语动词,compare意为“比较”,动词词性,“compare…with…”意为“把……和……进行比较”,句子主语Jiuzhang与compare之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用compare的过去分词compared在句中作状语,句首单词首字母大写。故填Compared。
3.考查时态和语态。句意:通常,信息是由经典计算机以二进制位处理的,表示为0或1。根据句意和句中“Usually”可知,句子表示的是经常性,习惯性的动作,应用一般现在时,handle意为“处理”,动词词性,句子主语information与handle之间为被动关系,故应用一般现在时的被动语态,information为不可数名词,与is连用,handle的过去分词为handled。故填is handled。
4.考查定语从句。句意:然而,量子计算机使用量子位处理数据,量子位被识别为0、1或介于0和1之间的任何东西。根据句意和句子结构可知,句子为非限制性定语从句,先行词为qubits,指物,在从句中作主语,故应用关系代词which引导从句,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
5.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:因此,随着量子位的增加,量子计算机的计算能力也随之提高。根据句意可知,句子为as引导的时间状语从句,句子陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,increase意为“增加”,动词词性,句中“the number of”意为“……的数量”,后接名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数,故空格处应用increase的三单形式increases。故填increases。
6.考查形容词比较级。句意:九章的另一个优点是它更容易制作和维护。根据句意可知,句子是在介绍九章的优点,是在把九章和其他计算机进行比较,“更”容易制作和维护,故应用比较级,easy意为“容易的”,形容词词性,在句中作表语,比较级为easier。故填easier。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意:超导量子计算机必须保持在超低温下,以确保其材料能够在没有任何电阻的情况下导电。分析句子可知,句中有谓语动词“be kept”且句中无连词,故应用ensure的非谓语动词,ensure意为“确保”,动词词性,“确保其材料能够在没有任何电阻的情况下导电”是“超导量子计算机必须保持在超低温下”的目的,故应用动词不定式作目的状语,不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填to ensure。
8.考查介词。句意:量子计算机具有传统计算机无法比拟的优势,有着广泛的应用。根据句意可知,句子表示的是“量子计算机的优势超过传统计算机”,故空格处应用over,意为“多于,超过”,介词词性,“advantages over”意为“优于……”。故填over。
9.考查名词。句意:量子计算机具有传统计算机无法比拟的优势,有着广泛的应用。分析句子可知,句中“a wide range of…”意为“广泛的”,后接可数名词复数,在句中作宾语,apply意为“应用”,动词词性,对应的名词为application,意为“应用”,为可数名词,复数形式为applications。故填applications。
10.考查副词。句意:九章所做的计算有可能应用于机器学习、量子化学和图论。分析句子可知,句中“be applied to…”意为“应用于……”,为动词短语,前面应用副词修饰,potential意为“可能的,潜在的”,形容词词性,对应的副词为potentially,意为“可能地,潜在地”。故填potentially。
II.应用文写作(10分)
【河北五校联盟2022届新高三(2021年6月)摸底】假如你是学生会主席李华。你校学生会将于12月24号下午4点在学校报告厅举办英语短剧大赛。请您根据以下信息,用英语写一篇书面通知。要点如下:
1. 活动目的;
2. 参赛要求;
3. 报名时间地点。
注意:1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Notice
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Notice
In order to motivate students to learn English and enrich their after-class lives, an English Short Play Competition will be held in the lecture hall at 4:00 pm, Dec. 24th.
Each class is encouraged to perform one short play. Those who would like to take part in the competition are supposed to sign up in the English teachers' office before Nov. 15th. All the students of our school are welcome to join in this activity. The top six winners of each grade will be given prizes.
Looking forward to your active participation.
The Student Union
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文,要求考生写一篇书面通知,通知英语短剧大赛的举行。
1.词汇积累
激励:motivate→stimulate
表演:perform→act
参加:take part in→participate in
报名参加:sign up→enroll
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:In order to motivate students to learn English and enrich their after-class lives, an English Short Play Competition will be held in the lecture hall at 4:00 pm, Dec. 24th.
拓展句:An English Short Play Competition, which is aimed at motivating students to learn English and enrich their after-class lives, will be held in the lecture hall at 4:00 pm, Dec. 24th.
III.读后续写 (25分)
【2021届湖南省部分学校高三下学期5月模拟】阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“At the beginning of the COVID-19, I went through some painful personal stuff and would often go out at night for long walks because no one was around and I couldn't sleep any-way,” Kelly wrote on Twitter.
“One night I was walking down my street and noticed that someone had set up a few little objects in a tree planter and upon closer inspection, I realized it was a fairy garden with a little note about the 4-year-old girl, Eliana, who felt lonely in quarantine (隔离期) and wanted to spread some cheer.”
Kelly wrote a note to Eliana pretending to be a fairy named Sapphire that had come to live in the tree. “I said I would gift her a magical fairy dice (骰子) if she did 3 things for me,” Kelly said. Kelly put the note in a small bottle filled with glitter and placed it in the garden, unsure if she would get a response.
The next day, she found a handwritten letter from Eliana explaining she had completed all of Sapphire's tasks. Kelly said she immediately burst into tears. “So I left a bunch of my dice that had small imperfections and left her another note and also a little extra note for her parents with my name and phone number so they could contact me and know I wasn't some bad person leaving notes for their small child,” Kelly said.
“Doing this every night gave me purpose in a horribly painful and lonely time,” Kelly said. “I looked forward to my days again and started ordering art supplies and little toys to leave her.”
“We wrote back and forth throughout the last 9 months, helping each other feel less lone-ly and I got to chat with her mom via text to make sure my gifts were a little more personal.”
注意:
1. 续写的词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The girl's mother told Kelly that they were moving to another city.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The girl's mother preferred Kelly to act as a fairy to say goodbye to her daughter.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The girl's mother told Kelly that they were moving to another city. After that they could no longer run the fairy garden. She had reached an agreement with the community that planned to turn it into a park for local residents to relax in. But her daughter did not want to leave the garden, and she had cried several times. She was even more unwilling to leave her dear fairy. Her mother wanted Kelly to meet her daughter personally. But she wasn't sure how to make her daughter happy.
The girl's mother preferred Kelly to act as a fairy to say goodbye to her daughter. Kelly accepted the girl's mother's request. Then they agreed on a time and a place to meet. On the day of the meeting, Kelly ap-peared in front of the girl dressed like a fairy. The little girl was surprised and delighted to see her. They joined hands and started dancing. She chatted excitedly with Kelly for a long time. Kelly gave her many gifts that she liked. The girl made Kelly promise that Kelly would visit her often.
【解析】
本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了主人公Kelly在新冠疫情期间非常苦闷和孤独,有一天她发现了一个童话花园,里面有一张关于4岁女孩Eliana的小纸条,她在隔离中感到孤独想传播一些欢乐。于是Kelly假装是一个住在树上的名叫Sapphire的仙女,给Eliana留纸条说如果Eliana为她做三件事,就会给她一个神奇的仙女骰子。Eliana为她做了这三件事,于是Kelly就送给了她骰子。她们之间的互动就这样继续下去,互相温暖了彼此。后来小女孩一家要搬去另一个城市,Kelly以仙女的模样出现向小女孩告别。
1.段落续写:
①由第一段首句内容“女孩的母亲告诉Kelly他们要搬到另一个城市去。”可知,第一段可描写小女孩不愿意离开童话花园和她亲爱的仙女,于是小女孩的妈妈希望Kelly能见一见她。
②由第二段首句内容“女孩的母亲更喜欢Kelly扮演仙女,向女儿道别。”可知,第二段可描写Kelly接受了女孩的妈妈的要求,扮成仙女出现在女孩面前,小女孩非常兴奋和开心。
2.续写线索:改造花园——伤心不舍——请求见面——出现——愉快相处——送礼物——承诺
高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题09 短文改错(讲练)(2份打包,解析版+原卷版): 这是一份高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题09 短文改错(讲练)(2份打包,解析版+原卷版),文件包含高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题09短文改错讲练解析版doc、高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题09短文改错讲练原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共24页, 欢迎下载使用。
高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题02 完型填空(讲练)(2份打包,解析版+原卷版): 这是一份高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题02 完型填空(讲练)(2份打包,解析版+原卷版),文件包含高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题02完型填空讲练解析版doc、高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题02完型填空讲练原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共29页, 欢迎下载使用。
高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题02 完型填空(测)(2份打包,解析版+原卷版): 这是一份高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题02 完型填空(测)(2份打包,解析版+原卷版),文件包含高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题02完型填空测解析版doc、高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题02完型填空测原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共27页, 欢迎下载使用。