2023届湖南省郴州市高三第一次教学质量监测英语卷及答案（文字版）

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郴州市2023 届高三第一次教学质量监测试卷
英语
第 一部分 听力 (共两节 ,满分 30 分)
做题时 ,先将答案标在试卷上 。录音内容结束后 ,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的 答案转涂到答题卡上 。
第 一节 (共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分 ,满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话 。每段对话后有一个小题 ,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出 最佳选项 。听完每段对话后 ,你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题 。 每段对话仅读一遍 。
例:How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是 C。
1. What will the woman do today?
A. Visit a doctor. B. Attend a lecture. C. Do an experiment.
2. Where is the conversation taking place?
A. In a hotel. B. In a hospital. C. In a restaurant.
3. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Hiring someone. B. Painting the house. C. Doing some shopping.
4. Why is the man playing the song so much?
A. To learn the words. B. To annoy the woman. C. To relax while studying.
5. What is the man doing now?
A. Walking around. B. Watching TV. C. Eating snacks.
第二节 (共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分 ,满分 22.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白 。每段对话或独白后有几个小题 ,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三 个选项中选出最佳选项 。听每段对话或独白前 ,你将有时间阅读各个小题 ,每小题 5 秒钟;听完后 ,各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间 。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料 , 回答第 6 至 7 题。
6. What day might it be today?
A. Sunday. B. Thursday. C. Tuesday.
7. Why does the man want to return the shoes?
A. His wife doesn’t like the color.
B. They are in the wrong size.
C. He doesn’t like the style.
听第 7 段材料 , 回答第 8 至 10 题。
8. What are the speakers doing?
A. Doing a test. B. Having an interview. C. Playing a puzzle game.
9. What is Jennifer bad at?
A. Focusing. B. Dealing with stress. C. Getting on with others.
10. How does Jennifer feel about the result?
A. Surprised. B. Disappointed. C. worried.
听第 8 段材料 , 回答第 11 至 13 题 o
11. why is the woman disappointed?
A. She lost a swimming race.
B. She failed a swimming test.
C. She missed the swimming class.
12. what is the woman training to become?
A. A lifeguard. B. An instructor. C. A professional swimmer.
13. what is the man，s advice?
A. To try harder.
B. To consider giving up.
C. To forget about her worries.
听第 9 段材料 , 回答第 14 至 17 题 。
14. who is the man in the conversation?
A. An employee. B. A student. C. A teacher.
15. what is the woman，s opinion of the cafeteria?
A. The prices are too high.
B. There isn，t much choice.
C. There are too many people at lunchtime.
16. what will the man have for his lunch?
A. Japanese food. B. Mexican food. C. Chinese food.
17. what does the woman offer to do for the man?
A. To treat him to lunch.
B. To show him the way to the mall.
C. To tell him something about the job fair.
听第 10 段材料 , 回答第 18 至 20 题 。
18. what is the main topic for Grade Ten students?
A. Anything that interests them.
B. Something that influences people，s lifestyle.
C. Important events throughout history.
19. when will the students first deliver their speeches?
A. In one week. B. In half a month. C. In one month.
20. where will a student，s speech be performed in front of the headmaster?
A. 0n television.
B. In the district competition.
C. In the gym.
第二部分 阅读 (共两节 ,满分 50 分)
第 一节 (共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分 ,满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文 ,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和 D)中 ,选出最佳选项
A
Surrounded by towering skyscrapers, roaring traffic and crowded streets, sometimes all you want to do is find some peace. Luckily, many of the world’s busiest urban areas also contain beautiful green spaces.
Hibiya Park, Tokyo
A green island in the heart of Tokyo, Hibiya Park is Japan’s first western-style park. The 16-hectare grounds contain some 3,100 trees and 10,000-sqare-metres of green lawns and pretty flower beds. One of the parks must-see attractions is the great fountain. The symbol of Hibiya Park, the fountain is 30-metres wide and features a 12-metre high water jet at its centre. Autumn is an especially lovely time to take a stroll, as trees leaves turn beautiful shades of red. orange and yellow.
Central Park, New York
Possibly one of the most famous parks in the world. Central Park ranks alongside the Empire state Building and the statue of Liberty as a symbol of New York City. Not only was Central park the first public park in America, but it’s also the most visited. Set in the midst of Manhattan, Central Park’s 843 acres are filled with gorgeous fountains, monuments and bridges, alongside meadows and waters. Loved by locals, the park’s recreational facilities boast everything from skating and cycling to climbing and rowing.
Hong Kong Park
One of the world’s most unusual parks, Hong Kong Park blends modern design with the natural environment. Covering just over 8-hectares, the park uses flowing water in the form of waterfalls, ponds and fountains to link its different features. With mountains on one side and skyscrapers on the other, it’s also a great point for some striking photographs of Hong Kong. One of the park’s main attractions is the Edward Youde Aviary. And with an area of 3,000 square metres—it’s one of the largest aviaries in the world.
Hyde Park, Iondon
One of London’s eight Royal Parks, Hyde Park offers both world-class events and a peaceful place to unwind. Set along the serpentine, the park covers 350 acres and contains around 4,000 trees and flower gardens. Famous monuments include the Diana Memorial Fountain, famous Achilles statue and the Serpentine Bridge. The park truly offers something for everyone. You can go swimming, boating and horse riding or simply enjoy the fresh air alongside the many other walkers, joggers and cyclists. Two lakeside restaurants also offer everything from a cup of coffee to a 3-course meal.
If more information is needed , you can click here.
1. If you are interested in skating, where will you probably go?
A. Hibiya Park. B. Central Park.
C. Hong Kong Park. D. Hyde Park.
2. What is the special feature of Hong Kong Park?
A. It is one of the most famous parks in the world.
B. It is surrounded with mountains and monuments.
C. It offers visitors a good position to take photos.
D. It offers visitors from coffee to three meals.
3. Where does this text probably come from?
A. An advertisement. B. A magazine.
C. A geography textbook. D. A website.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要讲述了世界上著名的几个公园：Hibiya Park、Central Park、Hong Kong Park和Hyde Park。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由Central Park, New York段中“Loved by locals, the park’s recreational facilities boast everything from skating and cycling to climbing and rowing. (该公园的娱乐设施深受当地人的喜爱，从滑冰、骑自行车到登山和划船，应有尽有)”可知，如果对滑冰感兴趣，可以去Central Park。故答案为B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hong Kong Park段中“With mountains on one side and skyscrapers on the other, it’s also a great point for some striking photographs of Hong Kong. (一边是群山，另一边是摩天大楼，这也是拍摄香港一些引人注目照片的绝佳地点)”可知，Hong Kong Park特殊的点是人们可以找到绝佳地点拍照。故答案为C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“If more information is needed , you can click here. (如果需要更多信息，请点击此处)”的关键词click可知，这篇文章可能来自于某个网址。故答案为D。
B
Shawanee Patrick is passionate about giving everyone the ability to walk as comfortably and effectively as possible through the use of walking assistive devices, such as prosthetics (假肢) and orthotics. A Ph.D. student in the J. Mike walker 66 Department of Mechanical Engineering at Texas A&M University, Patrick was inspired to help develop better walking assistive devices by the partial paralysis (瘫痪) of her grandmother.
Her research focuses on developing and improving walking assistive devices by determining what inputs are important and outcomes that could improve the design process. “I like to say my research is about how to help people who can’t walk be able to walk, and how to help those who do walk. Walk better.” Patrick said. “That’s kind of my aim. Walking improves the quality of life, so it’s really important we help those facing challenges when we can.”
The COVID-19 pandemic brought challenges to Patrick’s research as well. Patrick’s research—which works with human studies—had been delayed several times by the health and availability of her subjects. Patrick said the process of conducting her research includes investigating the user’s needs from various angles. From the perspective of the user themselves to their physician and family members, Patrick said it is necessary to build a complete picture of them.
Patrick is determined to make a positive impact on the lives of the people she works with. as well as the thousands more like them. Although the specific project she is working on will not be going to market. Patrick said she is hopeful that the research she is conducting could one day influence the development of a product that makes its way to those who could greatly benefit from the support.
4. What inspired Patrick to start the project?
A. Her strong desire to help the old.
B. Her grandmother’s disability.
C. Her assignment in university.
D. Her enthusiasm about mechanical engineering.
5. What is the purpose of Patrick’s research?
A. To figure out the facts about inputs.
B. To cope with the important challenges.
C. To improve the lives of those in need.
D. To perfect the design process.
6. What was the necessary step when Patrick conducted the research?
A. Fully understand the users’ demands.
B. Remove the C0VID-19 pandemic.
C. Investigate the users’ health and availability.
D. Contact the users’ physician and family members.
7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. How to walk Better.
B. A Cure for Painful Patients.
C. A New walking Device.
D. A Helpful Project Launched by A student.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述博士生肖瓦妮·帕特里克受到了祖母部分瘫痪的启发，发明了一种步行辅助设备，帮助很多有需要的人能够生活的更好，提高了生活质量。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Patrick was inspired to help develop better walking assistive devices by the partial paralysis(瘫痪) of her grandmother.”(帕特里克受到祖母部分瘫痪的启发，帮助开发更好的步行辅助设备。)可知，帕特里克是受到了祖母部分瘫痪的启发才启动了这个项目。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Her research focuses on developing and improving walking assistive devices by determining what inputs are important and outcomes that could improve the design process. “I like to say my research is about how to help people who can’t walk be able to walk, and how to help those who do walk. Walk better.” Patrick said. “That’s kind of my aim. Walking improves the quality of life, so it’s really important we help those facing challenges when we can.””(她的研究重点是通过确定哪些输入是重要的以及哪些结果可以改进设计过程来开发和改进步行辅助设备。帕特里克说：“我想说，我的研究是关于如何帮助那些不会走路的人能够走路，以及如何帮助那些会走路的人。走路更好。”“这是我的目标之一。步行可以提高生活质量，所以我们在可能的时候帮助那些面临挑战的人真的很重要。”)可知，帕特里克做这个研究的目的是为了帮助那些需要帮助的人能够生活的更好。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Patrick said the process of conducting her research includes investigating the user’s needs from various angles. From the perspective of the user themselves to their physician and family members, Patrick said it is necessary to build a complete picture of them.”(帕特里克说，她的研究过程包括从不同角度调查用户的需求。帕特里克说，从用户自己到医生和家人的角度来看，有必要为他们建立一个完整的画面。)可知，帕特里克认为，从不同角度调查用户的需求是很必要的。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Shawanee Patrick is passionate about giving everyone the ability to walk as comfortably and effectively as possible through the use of walking assistive devices, such as prosthetics (假肢) and orthotics. A Ph.D. student in the J. Mike walker 66 Department of Mechanical Engineering at Texas A&M University, Patrick was inspired to help develop better walking assistive devices by the partial paralysis (瘫痪) of her grandmother.”(肖瓦妮·帕特里克热衷于通过使用步行辅助设备，如假肢和矫形器，让每个人都能尽可能舒适有效地行走。帕特里克是德克萨斯农工大学J.Mike walker 66机械工程系的博士生，她祖母的部分瘫痪启发她帮助开发更好的步行辅助设备。)可知，这篇文章主要讲述博士生肖瓦妮·帕特里克受到了祖母部分瘫痪的启发，发明了一种步行辅助设备。故选D。
C
Search and rescue teams are often accompanied by man’s best friend. A dog’s superior sense of smell can be critical to finding survivors buried under fallen buildings. But now a new animal is being trained to assist search and rescue teams after an earthquake hits, and it’s the rat.
These rescue rats are being trained by Dr. Donna Kean, a researcher from Glasgow,Scotland who has been working with rats for years. Kean explained why she and her colleagues at the nonprofit AP0P0 train rats instead of dogs. “The rats have a comparable sense of smell and they’re just as trainable as dogs.” she said. “Their size is useful because they will be able to move through different environments that dogs just wouldn’t be able to.”
At the moment. the rats are wearing homemade backpacks that contain microphones, video equipment and location trackers and then scientists are sending these rats into mock debris(模拟的废墟).Rats would be able to get into small spaces to get to victims buried in the ruins. “We have not been in a real situation yet. we have got a mock debris site. When we track the backpack,we will be able to hear from where the rat is inside the debris.”Kean said. “We have the potential to speak to victims through the rat.”
Researchers train them on a basic series of behavior. Training starts off in a really basic environment: a small and empty room. Then they gradually expand and increase the complexity in order to make it like real life. They can start adding in debris and making the training area look more like an actual collapsed building site.
The training just started. and researchers still have to run training trials outside the research environment. They are working with a search and rescue group called GEA, who are based in Turkey, a country with frequent earthquakes and hoping that by next year they’ll be able to take the rats to Turkey for trials.
8. What advantage do rats have over dogs in the rescue work?
A. They are easier to train.
B. They have a better sense of smell.
C. They are more flexible with a smaller size.
D. They adapt to new environments more quickly.
9. What function is expected of the backpack?
A. To guide rats to find survivors.
B. To protect rats from being injured.
C. To provide some food for trapped people.
D. To help rescuers communicate with victims.
10. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. The process of training the rats.
B. The difficulty of conducting experiments.
C. The rats’ behaviour in real collapsed sites.
D. The importance of the research environment.
11. What will researchers plan to do next?
A. Use rats for rescue work on a large scale.
B. Send rats to Turkey for field experiments.
C. Conduct further study on disaster prevention.
D. Develop the tracking technology to assist GEA.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了老鼠正在被用于搜救救援中。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Their size is useful because they will be able to move through different environments that dogs just wouldn’t be able to.”（它们的体型很有用，因为它们能够在不同的环境中移动，而狗则无法做到这一点。）可知，在救援工作中，老鼠比狗有优势在于它们尺寸小，更灵活。故选C项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“‘when we track the backpack. we will be able to hear from where the rat is inside the debris.’Kean said, ‘we have the potential to speak to victims through the rat.’”（当我们追踪背包时。我们可以听到老鼠在废墟中的位置。基恩说，“我们有可能通过老鼠与受害者对话。”）可知，预期背包的功能是帮助救援人员与受害者沟通。故选D项。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“Researchers train them on a basic series of behavior. Training starts off in a really basic environment: a small and empty room. Then they gradually expand and increase the complexity in order to make it like real life. They can start adding in debris and making the training area look more like an actual collapsed building site.”（研究人员对它们进行一系列基本行为的训练。训练开始于一个非常基本的环境:一个又小又空的房间。然后他们逐渐扩展和增加复杂性，以使它像现实生活。他们可以开始添加碎片，让训练区看起来更像一个真正倒塌的建筑工地。）由此可知，第四段主要在说训练老鼠的过程。故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“They are working with a search and rescue group called GEA, who are based in Turkey, a country with frequent earthquakes and hoping that by next year they’ll be able to take the rats to Turkey for trials.”（他们正在与一个名为GEA的搜救组织合作。他们的总部设在土耳其。这是一个地震频繁的国家，他们希望明年能把老鼠带到土耳其进行试验。）可知，研究人员下一步计划把老鼠送到土耳其做实地实验。故选B项。
D
A child’s tooth discovered from a French cave has revealed the earliest evidence of humans—Homo sapiens (智人)—living in western Europe. The discovery of the molar from Grotte Mandrin in southern France, along with hundreds of stone tools dating back about 54.000 years ago, suggests that early humans lived in Europe about 10.000 years earlier than archaeologists had previously thought.
What’s more, the Homo sapiens’ tooth was sandwiched between layers of Neanderthal remains, showing that the two groups of humans coexisted in the region. These findings challenge the opinion that the arrival of Homo sapiens in Europe caused the extinction of Neanderthals, who lived in Europe and parts of Asia for about 300,000 years before disappearing.
“We’ve often thought that the arrival of modern humans in Europe led to the pretty rapid death of Neanderthals, but this new evidence suggests that both the appearance of modern humans in Europe and disappearance of Neanderthals is much more complex than that,” said study coauthor Chris stringer, a professor and research leader in human evolution at the Natural History Museum in London.
It’s the first time archaeologists have found evidence of alternating (交替) groups of Homo sapiens and Neanderthals living in the same place and they took turns rapidly, even abruptly, at least twice, according to the study that published in the journal science Advances on Wednesday. Previously, the arrival of early humans in Europe was dated to between 43,000 and 45,000 years ago, according to remains found in Italy and Bulgaria—not long before the last surviving Neanderthal remains dating back 40,000 to 42,000 years ago were found. Humans and Neanderthals, who we know from genetic analysis encountered one another and had babies, resulting in Neanderthal traces in our DNA, overlapped (重叠) for a much longer period in Europe, this study suggests.
12. What does the underlined word “molar” mean?
A. Cave. B. Tooth. C. stone. D. Human.
13. What’s the previous opinion about Neanderthals?
A. Neanderthals could date back to 300,000 years ago.
B. Neanderthals once lived in Europe and Africa.
C. Homo sapiens and Neanderthals once lived together.
D Homo sapiens led to the disappearance of Neanderthals.
14. What can be inferred from Chris stringer’s words?
A. People should analyze the loss of Neanderthals carefully.
B. Modern humans in Europe led to the death of Neanderthals.
C. Homo sapiens in Europe made Neanderthals extinct.
D. The new evidence shows the process of human evolution.
15. What can we learn about Homo sapiens and Neanderthals from the last paragraph?
A. They lived in the same place at the same time.
B. They treated each other as the enemies.
C. They had some sort of complicated relations.
D. They lived in Italy and Bulgaria 40,000 to 42,000 years ago.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了新的发现表明智人的到来并未直接导致尼安德特人的消失，智人和尼安德特人有某种复杂的关系。
【12题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“A child’s tooth discovered from a French cave has revealed the earliest evidence of humans—Homo sapiens (智人)—living in western Europe.”（从法国的洞穴发现的一颗儿童牙齿揭示了生活在西欧的人类——智人——的最早的证据）可知，从法国的洞穴发现的是一颗儿童牙齿，由此可知，下文指在法国南部发现了牙齿，“Tooth”意为“牙齿”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“These findings challenge the opinion that the arrival of Homo sapiens in Europe caused the extinction of Neanderthals, who lived in Europe and parts of Asia for about 300,000 years before disappearing.”（这些发现对智人在欧洲的到来导致尼安德特人灭绝的观点提出了质疑，他们在欧洲和亚洲部分地区生活了大约30万年才消失）可知，以前的观点是智人在欧洲的到来导致尼安德特人灭绝，但这些新发现对这一观点提出了质疑。故选D项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段内容““We’ve often thought that the arrival of modern humans in Europe led to the pretty rapid death of Neanderthals, but this new evidence suggests that both the appearance of modern humans in Europe and disappearance of Neanderthals is much more complex than that,” said study coauthor Chris stringer, a professor and research leader in human evolution at the Natural History Museum in London.”（研究合著者、伦敦自然历史博物馆人类进化学教授兼研究负责人克里斯·斯特林格表示：“我们经常认为，现代人类在欧洲的到来导致了尼安德特人相当快的死亡，但这一新证据表明，现代人在欧洲的出现和尼安德特人的消失都要比我们认为的复杂得多。”）可知，克里斯·斯特林格表示，新证据表明，现代人在欧洲的出现和尼安德特人的消失都要比我们认为的复杂得多，所以，人们应该更仔细分析尼安德特人的消失，由此可知，从克里斯·斯特林格的话中可以推断出人们应该仔细分析尼安德特人的消失。故选A项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Humans and Neanderthals, who we know from genetic analysis encountered one another and had babies, resulting in Neanderthal traces in our DNA, overlapped (重叠) for a much longer period in Europe, this study suggests.”（这项研究表明，人类和尼安德特人，我们从基因分析中了解到他们彼此相遇并生了孩子，这导致我们DNA中的尼安德特痕迹，在欧洲重叠的时间要长得多）可知，我们从基因分析中了解到人类和尼安德特人彼此相遇并生了孩子，这导致我们DNA中的尼安德特痕迹，由此可推断出，智人和尼安德特人有某种复杂的关系。故选C项。
第二节 (共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分 ,满分 12.5 分)
根据短文内容 ,从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项 o 选项中有两项 为多余选项。
Whoever wrote the song “It’s the Most Wonderful Time of the Year” must have never experienced the holiday blues. Fortunately, psychological research suggests some effective ways you can use to beat the holiday blues. ___16___ . Instead, they can help contribute to a healthy and happy life. Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.
___17___
At family gatherings with cousins you secretly can’t stand, you tend to put on a happy face. Indeed, that might even seem like the most mature response— no drama, no conflict. But a 2011 study followed dozens of bus drivers, looking to see when they gave forced or honest smiles at their passengers. The results showed when the drivers pretended to have a good mood, their actual moods got worse, so trying to force happiness seems to have the opposite effects.
Let out sadness
The results of the bus -driver study can be explained by researchers. who find that negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them. ___18___ . We don’t like contradictory behavior.
Respond cautiously
Recently, scientists have been paying special attention to the benefits of caution. ___19___. A cautious response to a negative event reduces sadness we experience. Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.
Enjoy a mix of emotions
Of course, the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows, but the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall well -being. ___20___. Just make sure you’re balancing them with lighter experiences. And don’t forget to give yourself a break.
A. Don’t force cheer
B. Relax your mind
C. We tend to deny the important function emotions serve
D. We feel bad when our appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside
E. In other words, sadness, anger, and other difficult emotions are nothing to fear
F. When you respond cautiously to an emotional trigger, you pause rather than react at once
G. The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid
【答案】16. G 17. A 18. D 19. F 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了心理学家们建议的几种应对忧郁情绪的方式。
【16题详解】
根据空后“Instead, they can help contribute to a healthy and happy life.”（相反，他们可以促成一个健康开心的生活）可知，此处的they为代词，刚好与G选项的“The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid”（重点是悲伤和其他悲观的情绪不是我们应该努力避免的）中提到的负面情绪对应，符合语义逻辑，故选G项。
【17题详解】
根据空后首句“At family gatherings with cousins you secretly can’t stand, you tend to put on a happy face.”（在与你私下无法忍受的堂兄弟姐妹的聚会上，你往往带上一个微笑面具）可知，此段讲的是强迫自己开心，A选项的“Don’t force cheer”（不要强迫振奋），符合本段语义逻辑，故选A项。
【18题详解】
根据空后句“We don’t like contradictory behavior.”（我们不喜欢矛盾的行为），D选项的“We feel bad when our appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside”（当我们的外在表现与我们内心的真实感受冲突时，我们感觉不好）刚好详细解释了什么是矛盾的行为，符合语义逻辑，故选D项。
【19题详解】
根据空后句“A cautious response to a negative event reduces sadness we experience”（一个对于消极事件的谨慎应对会减少我们经历的悲伤）可知, 此处讲的是应对消极事件，F选项的“When you respond cautiously to an emotional trigger, you pause rather than react at once”（当你小心翼翼地应对一个情绪触发事件时，你不是选择立刻应对，而是让自己暂时停下来），符合语义逻辑，故选F项。
【20题详解】
根据空前“but the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall well -being”（但是最重要的需要记住的教训是这些情绪也许是对你的总体幸福最好的东西），刚好与E选项的“In other words, sadness, anger and other difficult emotions are nothing to fear”（换句话说，悲伤，生气和其他一些让你感到困难的情绪没什么好害怕的）构成同义解释关系，故选E项。
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节 ,满分 30 分)
第 一节 (共 15 小题;每小题 1 分 ,满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文 ,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中选出可以填人空白 处的最佳选项。
Lenore Skenazy is a New York journalist. When she wrote about how she had left her nine -year -old son in central New York and let him take the subway home alone, she caused a ____21____ media storm. Her son, Izzy, whose ____22____ the expedition(出行) had been, was happy with the experience. He arrived home safely, ____23____ about his independence. He had been begging for weeks to be ____24____ out on his own and to travel unsupervised(无人监督的). Ms Skenazy gave Izzy a subway map, twenty dollars and some ____25____ in case he needed to make a phone call. But Ms Skenazy’s actions landed her in a huge ____26____. Although many came out to____27____ her, she was labeled “America’s worst mom” by others. “My son had simply done what most people my age had done ____28____ when they were his age: gone somewhere on his own, without a security detail.” She wrote____29____. “The problem with this dangerous idea is that overprotectiveness is a _____30_____ in itself. A child who thinks he can’t do anything _____31_____ eventually can’t.”
So. are we living in a risk-averse(风险规避的) culture where we limit our children’s ability to _____32_____ danger by never allowing them to take reasonable _____33_____? Does western society give its children too much _____34_____? Or did Ms Skenazy’s actions _____35_____ her son in unnecessary danger? What do you think?
21. A. pleasant B. fierce C. illegal D. embarrassing
22. A. idea B. emotion C. outcome D. mission
23. A. surprised B. frightened C. annoyed D. excited
24. A. requested B. allowed C. desired D. invited
25. A. change B. property C. benefit D. wage
26. A. arrangement B. violence C. movement D. argument
27. A. support B. follow C. confirm D. define
28. A. possibly B. usually C. eventually D. nearly
29. A. alongside B. earlier C. afterwards D. sooner
30. A. fear B. pressure C. disability D. danger
31. A. on his own B. in his way C. now and then D. more or less
32. A. get into B. look into C. take on D. deal with
33. A. steps B. risks C. charge D. control
34. A. stress B. freedom C. protection D. barrier
35. A. appeal B. fancy C. involve D. occur
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述Lenore Skenazy女士把自己9岁的儿子留在纽约市中心，让他独自坐地铁回家引发了争议的事情。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她写到她如何把9岁的儿子留在纽约市中心，让他独自坐地铁回家时，引发了一场激烈的媒体风暴。A. pleasant令人愉快的；B. fierce激烈的；C. illegal非法的；D. embarrassing令人尴尬的。根据下文“Although many came out to____7____ her, she was labeled “America’s worst mom” by others.”可知，Lenore Skenazy女士的行为引发了社会上激烈的争议。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的儿子Izzy想到的这个想法，并且对这次经历感到很高兴。A. idea想法；B. emotion情感；C. outcome结果；D. mission任务。根据下文“the expedition”可知，这里指的是Izzy独自坐地铁回家的主意。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他安全到家了，并且对这次经历感到很兴奋。A. surprised吃惊的；B. frightened害怕的；C. annoyed心烦的；D. excited兴奋的。根据上文“Her son, Izzy, whose ____2____ the expedition(出行) had been, was happy with the experience.”可知，Izzy对独自坐地铁回家的经历感到很兴奋。故选D。
24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他已经恳求几个星期了，想要被允许一个人去旅行。A. requested要求；B. allowed允许；C. desired渴望；D. invited邀请。根据上文“He had been begging”和下文“out on his own”可知，Izzy一直恳求父母，他能够被允许一个人去旅行。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Skenazy女士给了Izzy一张地铁地图、二十美元和一些零钱，以防他需要打电话。A. change零钱；B. property财产；C. benefit好处；D. wage工资。根据下文“in case he needed to make a phone call”可知，使用公用电话需要零钱。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但Skenazy女士的行为让她陷入了一场激烈的争论。A. arrangement安排；B. violence暴力；C. movement移动；D. argument争论。根据上文“When she wrote about how she had left her nine -year -old son in central New York and let him take the subway home alone, she caused a ____1____ media storm.”可知，Lenore Skenazy女士的行为引发了社会上激烈的争议。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管许多人出来支持她，但是她仍然被别人贴上“美国最糟糕的母亲”的标签。A. support支持；B. follow跟随；C. confirm证实；D. define下定义。根据上文“Although”可知，上下文是转折关系，下文提到她仍然被别人贴上“美国最糟糕的母亲”的标签，所以对应的应该是有人支持她。故选A。
28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她后来写到：“我的儿子只是做了我这个年龄段的大多数人在他这个年龄时经常做的事情：独自去了某个地方，没有安全信息。” A. possibly可能；B. usually经常；C. eventually最终；D. nearly几乎。根据上文“My son had simply done what most people my age had done”可知，这里是指一个人出去是Skenazy他们在那个年龄时经常做的事情。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：见第8题详解。A. alongside沿着；B. earlier更早；C. afterwards后来；D. sooner更快。根据上文““My son had simply done what most people my age had done ____8____ when they were his age: gone somewhere on his own, without a security detail.””可知，这是Skenazy后来写的内容。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种危险想法的问题在于，过度保护本身就是一种危险。一个认为自己不能独自做任何事情的孩子最终就不能独自做任何事情。A. fear害怕；B. pressure压力；C. disability残疾；D. danger危险。根据上文“The problem with this dangerous idea is that overprotectiveness is a”可知，这里是指过度保护是不对的，本身就是一种危险。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：见第10题详解。A. on his own靠他自己；B. in his way以他的方式；C. now and then偶尔；D. more or less或多或少。根据上文“gone somewhere on his own”可知，这里是指独自一个人做事情。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：那么，我们是否生活在一种厌恶风险的文化中，我们从不允许孩子承担合理的风险，从而限制了他们处理危险的能力？A. get into进入；B. look into研究；C. take on呈现；D. deal with处理。根据上文“we limit our children’s ability to”可知，这里指限制了孩子们独自处理问题的能力。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第12题详解。A. steps步子；B. risks冒险；C. charge管理；D. control控制。根据上文“we limit our children’s ability to ____12____ danger by never allowing them to take reasonable”可知，作者认为家长们没有允许孩子承担合理的风险。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：西方社会给它的孩子们太多的保护吗？A. stress压力；B. freedom自由；C. protection保护；D. barrier障碍。根据上文“she was labeled “America’s worst mom” by others.”可知，作者提出，西方社会给了它的孩子们太多的保护。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：或者是Skenazy女士的行为让她的孩子牵涉了不必要的危险？A. appeal吸引；B. fancy喜欢；C. involve涉及；D. occur发生。根据下文“her son in unnecessary danger”可知，这里是指一些人认为Skenazy女士的行为让她的孩子牵涉了不必要的危险。故选C。
第二节 (共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分 ,满分 15 分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One of the largest research libraries in the world, the British Library has added 16 Chinese online novels to the collection. ____36____ (cover) themes of science fiction, history, reality and fantasy, these works are viewed ____37____ the classics of Chinese online literature from the past 20 years.
The library houses more than 170 million ____38____ (collection), the cultural relics of different civilizations from throughout history included. The library usually selects works ____39____ (base) on their popularity or by considering an item’s value. Readers can check the information about the 16 books on the library’s website ____40____ borrow printed copies.
As one of the current pillars of mass cultural consumption, ____41____ began with “fastfood” romances, fantasies and mysteries, the Chinese online literature industry ____42____ (mature) quickly during its fast development over the last two decades.
In 2019, 10 online novels, including Great Power, Heavy Industry, ____43____ (be) added to the collection of the shanghai Library.And between 2020 and 2022, 144 online novels like Battle Through the Heavens and Lord of Mysteries were entered into the collection of the National Library of China.
“It’s ____44____ (true) unexpected to me that online fiction can be added to the collection of _____45_____ foreign library. It feels like the path of online novel writing is becoming ever wider,” Yi Qianchong adds.
【答案】36. Covering
37. as 38. collections
39. based 40. and
41. which 42. has matured
43. were 44. truly
45. a
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了大英图书馆在馆藏中增加了16本中国网络小说。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些作品包含科幻、历史、现实和幻想等主题，被视为过去20年中国网络文学的经典。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“are viewed”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“cover”意为“包含”，动词词性，句子主语“works”和“cover”为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用“cover”的现在分词“covering”作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Covering。
【37题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：这些作品包含科幻、历史、现实和幻想等主题，被视为过去20年中国网络文学的经典。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“be viewed as…”，意为“被视为……”，故空格处应用介词“as”。故填as。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：图书馆藏有超过1.7亿件藏品，其中包括历史上不同文明的文物。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，作“houses”的宾语，“collection”意为“收藏品”，为可数名词，根据“more than 170 million”可知，应用“collection”的复数形式“collections”。故填collections。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：图书馆通常根据作品的受欢迎程度或考虑物品的价值来选择作品。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“selects”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“be based on…”意为“以……为根据”，句子主语“library”和“base”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“base”的过去分词“based”作状语。故填based。
【40题详解】
考查连词。句意：读者可以在图书馆的网站上查看这16本书的信息，并借阅印刷本。分析句子可知，句中“check the information about the 16 books on the library’s website”和“borrow printed copies”为并列关系，都是读者可以做的事，应用连词“and”连接。故填and。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：作为大众文化消费的支柱之一，大众文化消费始于“快餐式”浪漫、幻想和神秘，中国网络文学产业在过去二十年的快速发展中迅速成熟。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“mass cultural consumption”，指事物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。故填which。
【42题详解】
考查时态。句意：作为大众文化消费的支柱之一，大众文化消费始于“快餐式”浪漫、幻想和神秘，中国网络文学产业在过去二十年的快速发展中迅速成熟。根据句意和句中“over the last two decades”可知，句子应用现在完成时，“Chinese online literature industry”与“has”连用，“mature”意为“成熟”，动词词性，过去分词为“matured”，故空格处应填“has matured”。故填has matured。
【43题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：2019年，包括《大国重工》在内的10部网络小说被上海图书馆收藏。根据句意和句中“In 2019”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，句子主语为“10 online novels”，为可数名词复数，故“be”应转换为“were”。故填were。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：意千重补充道：“网络小说能够被加入到一个国外图书馆的藏书中，这真的让我感到意外。感觉网络小说写作的道路越来越宽。”分析句子可知，“unexpected”为形容词，应用副词修饰，作状语，“true”为形容词，对应的副词为“truly”，意为“真正地”。故填truly。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：意千重补充道：“网络小说能够被加入到一个国外图书馆的藏书中，这真的让我感到意外。感觉网络小说写作的道路越来越宽。”分析句子可知，句中泛指一个国外图书馆，故空格处应用不定冠词，“foreign”音标的第一个音素为辅音音素，故应用不定冠词“a”。故填a。
第四部分 写作 (共两节 ,满分 40 分)
第 一节 (满分 15 分)
46. 假定你是校学生会成员李华，你校学生会组织了图书捐赠及互换活动，外教 Smith 捐赠了许多英文图书 。请你代表学生会给他写一封邮件 ，内容包括:
1. 表达感激之情;
2. 回顾活动以及 Smith 给予的帮助。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为 80 左右;
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear Smith,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Smith,
On behalf of the student Union, I’m writing to express our heartfelt gratitude for your generous donation of so many English books.
Last Friday, we organized a book donation and exchange event. Many students and teachers took an active part in it. It’s so kind of you to bring books covering a wide range of topics. Besides, the books you donated were very popular, all of which were taken away in a short time. There is no denying that your generosity and contribution made a big difference to our event, which turned out to be a great success.
Thank you once again for your support.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英语给外教Smith 写一封电子邮件，向他介绍图书捐赠及互换活动，并对他给予的爱心捐赠表示感谢。
【详解】1.词汇积累
由衷的：heartfelt →profound
参加：take part in →participate in
不可否认：no denying →no doubt
伟大：big → great
2.句式拓展
简单句变并列句
原句：Last Friday, we organized a book donation and exchange event.
拓展句：Last Friday, not only did we organize a book donation but also we have an exchange event.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Besides, the books you donated were very popular. all of which were taken away in a short time. （运用了介词加which引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】There is no denying that your generosity and contribution made a big difference to our event,which turned out to be a great success.（运用了that引导的同位语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
第二节 (满分 25 分)
47. 阅读下面材料 ,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段 ,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was in the eighth grade, I became interested in mountain climbing. Then I climbed my first mountain— a fairly gentle 3,900-foot peak near where I live in surrey, British Columbia. I loved the challenge of conquering something bigger than myself. I like climbing more and more. Soon I’d climbed nearly l00 peaks. My parents were happy I’d finally found a hobby.
Two years ago, on December 30, when I was 16, I drove to Oregon to climb 11,240-foot Mount Hood with my friend Mel Olsen. It’s safer to start winter climbs at night when there’s less risk of the sun melting the snowpack (积雪). That day, we started at 3 a.m. The temperature was about 14 degrees. Along the way, we met two other climbers, and the four of us continued on together.
After about five hours, we reached Devil’s Kitchen, a plateau at about l0,000 feet. By this point, the wind conditions were nasty (极糟糕的). My exposed skin felt as though it were burning. The trail we followed grew narrower and steeper. At around 9 a.m. , we reached an ice step. I volunteered to go first. I placed my left foot on it.
Confident I was safe, I put my full weight on it. Suddenly, I heard a loud noise, and a whole slab of ice broke off the step, right under my foot.
In an instant, I fell backward, rolling down the mountain as if I were a character in a video game. After a few seconds, I came to a stop on a shallow slope just above the Devil’s Kitchen. I’d fallen 600 feet. My clothes were torn into small pieces, my helmet was broken, and my face was bloodied from cuts and scratches. Fortunately, for the most part, I was fine, except that I was suffering from a sharp, great pain in my left leg.
注意:
l. 续写词数应为 l50 左右;
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
I yelled for help.
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This accident made me have a deep reflection, but I was back climbing again.
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【答案】I yelled for help. Hearing my cry for help, Mel made her way down and other climbers came to assist me. A couple of them were trained first aid treatment. They splinted my leg and called rescue team. Mel stayed by my side while I tried not to cry from the pain. I’d been lying on the ice shivering and in agony for four hours by the time the rescuers reached me. They strapped me into a sled and pulled me down the mountain. Then I was loaded into an ambulance and taken to a hospital, where I stayed for four days.
This accident made me have a deep reflection, but I was back climbing again. The fall has made me more cautious. One slip on a mountain can change everything. But the experience also made me grow as a person and helped me mature. Since the accident, I’ve climbed another 60 mountains. I’m not going to let one fall and its aftermath keep me from doing my favorite thing in the world.
【解析】
【导语】本文以时间为线索展开，讲述了作者从八年级开始就对爬山有兴趣，并且很快爬了近百座山峰。16岁时，作者和朋友Mel Olsen相约去攀登11,240英尺高的胡德山，但在中途过程中，作者意外从山上摔下来的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我大声呼救。”可知，第一段可描写作者被得到救助的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“这次事故让我有了深刻的反思，但我又重新爬了起来。”可知，本段描写作者通过本次经历得到了哪些反思，以及后续又开始爬山。
2.续写线索：大声呼救——被救助过程——感悟——重新开始爬山
3.词汇激活
行为类
①帮助：assist/aid/help
②颤抖：shiver/tremble/quiver
③阻止某人做某事：keep sb from doing sth/prevent sb from doing sth
情绪类
①痛苦：agony/pain/suffering
②谨慎的：cautious/careful/prudent
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Hearing my cry for help, Mel made her way down and other climbers came to assist me.（运用了现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2]. I’d been lying on the ice shivering and in agony for four hours by the time the rescuers reached me.（运用了by the time引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型3]. Then I was loaded into an ambulance and taken to a hospital, where I stayed for four days.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句）
听力答案：1-5 CABAB 6-10 CBABA 11-15 BACAC 16-20 CBBAC