2023届河南省洛阳市强基联盟新高三摸底大联考英语试题含答案

这是一份2023届河南省洛阳市强基联盟新高三摸底大联考英语试题含答案，共26页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，用单词的适当形式完成短文，短文改错，其他应用文等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2023届河南省洛阳市强基联盟新高三摸底大联考英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Amazing West Coast Beach Houses Rent
Rockaway Beach House
Rockaway Beach, Oregon
This comfortably furnished two-bedroom, two-bath house is both kid-and dog-friendly with a path leading right down to Nedonna Beach. It’s conveniently located near Manhattan Beach State Park as well as towns such as Manzanita, Wheeler, and Nehalem that offer cafes and tourist shops. Amenities (便利设施) include a washer and dryer, ping-pong table, home office, wood-burning fireplace and smart TV.
Oceanfront Townhome
Monterey, California
This rental claims to be one of the closest homes to the water in all of Monterey. It’s limited on space — the owner notes it can accommodate up to three adults or two adults and two small children — the location is only five minutes from downtown Monterey and Fisherman’s Wharf, 10 minutes from the Monterey Bay Aquarium and Pacific Grove, and 15 minutes from Carmel-by-the-Sea.
Westport Ocean Oasis
Westport, Washington
Washington state might not be the first place people think of when considering a West Coast beach trip, but vacation rentals like this one might make them think twice. A one-bedroom, one-bath, dog-friendly apartment, it offers sweeping views of the shores from its huge windows, as well as amenities like a balcony, basketball court and putting green, and TV.
Studio Beach House
Rancho Palos Verdes, California
Located just west of Long Beach, this beach rental offers amazing views and easy beach access as well as amenities like tennis and basketball courts, a playground and an outdoor bar with 50-inch TV, surround sound, a mini-fridge and hot tub. It’s also close to many destinations like golf courses, parks, and the Portuguese Bend Reserve, a nature area with hiking trails that overlook the ocean.
1. Which beach house will you choose if you are going to live in Oregon?
A. Rockaway Beach House. B. Oceanfront Townhome.
C. Westport Ocean Oasis. D. Studio Beach House.
2. Which is the closest place to Oceanfront Townhome?
A. Pacific Grove. B. Carmel-by-the-Sea.
C. Fisherman’s Wharf. D. The Monterey Bay Aquarium.
3. What do the last two rentals have in common?
A. They are dog-friendly. B. They have huge windows.
C. They are close to hiking trails. D. They both offer a basketball court.
【答案】1．A
2．C
3．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几家要出租的西海岸海滩房屋的相关信息。
1. 细节理解题。由Rockaway Beach House中的“Rockaway Beach, Oregon (俄勒冈州Rockaway海滩)”可知，如果你要住在俄勒冈州（Oregon），你可以选择Rockaway Beach House。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。由Oceanfront Townhome中的“It’s limited on space — the owner notes it can accommodate up to three adults or two adults and two small children — the location is only five minutes from downtown Monterey and Fisherman’s Wharf, 10 minutes from the Monterey Bay Aquarium and Pacific Grove, and 15 minutes from Carmel-by-the-Sea. (它的空间有限，业主指出，它最多可以容纳三个成年人或两个成年人和两个小孩，该位置距离蒙特利市中心和Fisherman’s Wharf只有5分钟的路程，距离蒙特利湾水族馆和Pacific Grove只有10分钟的路程，距离海边的卡梅尔只有15分钟的路程)”可知，Fisherman’s Wharf离Oceanfront Townhome最近。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。由Westport Ocean Oasis中的“A one-bedroom, one-bath, dog-friendly apartment, it offers sweeping views of the shores from its huge windows, as well as amenities like a balcony, basketball court and putting green, and TV. (一个卧室、一个浴室、爱狗的公寓，从它巨大的窗户可以俯瞰海岸，还有阳台、篮球场、小型高尔夫球场和电视等设施)”和Studio Beach House中的“Located just west of Long Beach, this beach rental offers amazing views and easy beach access as well as amenities like tennis and basketball courts, a playground and an outdoor bar with 50-inch TV, surround sound, a mini-fridge and hot tub. (这所海滩出租房屋位于长滩以西，视野开阔，海滩交通便利，设施齐全，如网球场和篮球场、操场和户外酒吧，配有50英寸电视、环绕音响、迷你冰箱和热水浴缸)”可知，最后两家出租的房屋的共同点：它们都提供一个篮球场。故选D项。
A blind Chinese climber reached the summit (顶点) of Qomolangma, known in the West as Mount Everest, on Monday morning, becoming the first blind person from Asia ever to conquer the world’s highest summit.
Zhang Hong, 46, reached the top from the Nepali side, along with three high-altitude guides.
Zhang, who was born in Chongqing, lost his sight at the age of 21. He now works at Fukang Hospital Affiliated with Tibet University in Lhasa. As Zhang began his climb of Qomolangma, which is 8,848. 86 meters above sea level, his colleagues in Lhasa were excited to hear the news of his success.
“Many people may have doubted his attempt of climbing at first, but I was confident in him from the beginning,” said Kyila, the secretary of the Fukang Angel Foundation, who also is a blind person. “I knew before that he could make it, and he did make it. I am really happy for him. He is a model for blind people to encourage them to chase their dreams.”
Zhang’s passion for climbing was inspired by Lotse, a famous Tibetan climber who conquered all the world’s 14 summits above the altitude of 8,000 meters. Lotse had shared the story of the blind US mountaineer Erik Weihenmayer, who climbed Qomolangma in May 2001. Zhang was touched by the story, which ignited his dream of climbing.
As an amateur climber for years, Zhang had conquered three mountains above the altitude of 6,000 meters before climbing the world’s highest summit. He had begun preparing for the Qomolangma climb in 2019. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病), all mountaineering teams on Qomolangma were canceled in Nepal and China last year, and he had to wait until recently to finally make the attempt.
4. What can we infer from what Kyila said?
A. He had been inspired by Lotse.
B. He had much belief in Zhang’s success.
C. Zhang’s colleagues doubted his motivation.
D. Zhang centered on climbing in his spare time.
5. What does the underlined word “ignited” in paragraph 5 mean?
A. Lighted. B. Accomplished. C. Followed. D. Recalled.
6. Why did Zhang Hong fail to climb Qomolangma in 2020?
A. He was too weak. B. He wasn’t well prepared.
C. A pandemic broke out. D. Extreme weather occurred.
7. What’s the best title for the text?
A. Zhang Hong Sets an Example to Others
B. A Blind Climber Reaches Qomolangma Summit
C. Qomolangma Attracts More Chinese to Climb
D. A Chinese Climber Got Through the Pandemic
【答案】4．B
5．A
6．C
7．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国盲人张洪登上珠穆朗玛峰的故事。
4. 推理判断题。根据第四段Kyila的话“I knew before that he could make it, and he did make it. I am really happy for him. (我之前就知道他能做到，他确实做到了。我真的为他感到高兴)”可推知，他对张的成功充满信心。故选B项。
5. 词句猜测题。根据第五段“Lotse had shared the story of the blind US mountaineer Erik Weihenmayer, who climbed Qomolangma in May 2001. Zhang was touched by the story, which ignited his dream of climbing.(洛茨曾分享过美国盲人登山者埃里克·维亨迈尔在2001年5月攀登珠穆朗玛峰的故事。这个故事感动了他，ignited了他的登山梦想)”中划线词后“his dream of climbing”和可推知，埃里克·维亨迈尔的故事点燃了张的登山梦想，结合选项，动词ignite与light同义，意为“点燃，激起”。故选A项。
6. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“He had begun preparing for the Qomolangma climb in 2019. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病), all mountaineering teams on Qomolangma were canceled in Nepal and China last year, and he had to wait until recently to finally make the attempt.(他已经在2019年开始为攀登珠穆朗玛峰做准备。然而，由于新冠肺炎疫情，去年在尼泊尔和中国的珠峰登山队都被取消了，他直到最近才终于尝试)”可知，一场流行病爆发导致2020年张宏没能登上珠峰。故选C项。
7. 主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“A blind Chinese climber reached the summit (顶点) of Qomolangma, known in the West as Mount Everest, on Monday morning, becoming the first blind person from Asia ever to conquer the world’s highest summit. (21日上午，一名中国盲人登上了被西方称为“Mount Everest”的珠穆朗玛峰。这是亚洲盲人登上珠峰的第一个人)”可知，本文主要讲述了一名盲人攀登者登上了珠穆朗玛峰峰顶的壮举，故“A Blind Climber Reaches Qomolangma Summit(一名盲人攀登者登上了珠穆朗玛峰峰顶)”是文章最佳标题。故选B项。
In the digital age, we rely on technology such as social media in trying to build interesting and varied lives. Social networking sites like Facebook are designed and promoted to make us believe enthusiastically that they are able to open up new experiences for us. There are constant notifications (通知) and updates, urging us to check-in to find out what is new.
But if we do not use the technology wisely, we can end up becoming overly attached and trapped in a cycle of social media FOMO, a sign of deeper unhappiness. FOMO, or fear of missing out, is a fear that exciting or interesting events are happening somewhere else and that we are not able to join.
People who experience high levels of FOMO have been found to be more likely to give in to urges to write and check text messages while driving, as well as to use Facebook more often directly after waking, while going to sleep and during meals.
When it comes to lasting happiness, it is best not to give in to FOMO, but rather to deal with the cycle of desires that fuel it. Hard as it is, we are better off working toward facing the fearful reality that we cannot experience everything we might like than to get caught in a cycle of checking behaviors that only cause anxiety.
If we have become used to using social media as part of our attempts at living interesting lives, we must admit that it is not easy to change our approach. But change is almost always worthwhile in the long run.
The fact that FOMO is so common in our digital age is a sign that there is something wrong with the way we are pursuing happiness and that we are not as happy as we might think we are. It should warn us that, in our eagerness to use digital technology to try to make ourselves happier, we may unintentionally (无意之中) be bringing on exactly the opposite result.
8. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. The digital age has arrived.
B. Sites give netizens useful experiences.
C. People have fallen into modern technology.
D. Social media are designed to attract public attention.
9. Which of the following could be regarded as social media FOMO?
A. Failing to use Facebook. B. Answering a call during shopping.
C. Reading text messages on reaching offices. D. Checking Facebook while driving.
10. Why does the author suggest avoiding FOMO?
A. To gain long-time happiness. B. To speed the cycle of desires.
C. To work much better. D. To reduce fearful reality.
11. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A. Everybody has experienced FOMO.
B. Digital technology may make us unhappier.
C. Pursuing happiness is a sign of the digital age.
D. People may unintentionally get lost in technology.
【答案】8．D
9．D
10．A
11．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在数字时代，我们依靠社交媒体等技术来构建有趣多样的生活，这一现象被称为“FOMO”，但事实可能正相反，在我们迫切地使用数字技术试图让自己更快乐的过程中，我们可能无意中带来了恰恰相反的结果，从而让我们不快乐。
8. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Social networking sites like Facebook are designed and promoted to make us believe enthusiastically that they are able to open up new experiences for us. There are constant notifications (通知) and updates, urging us to check-in to find out what is new.(像Facebook这样的社交网站的设计和推广是为了让我们狂热地相信它们能够为我们打开新的体验。这些社交网站上有不断的通知和更新，催促我们打卡，以发现新鲜的事物)”可推知，第一段主要讲，像Facebook这样的社交媒体旨在让我们相信它们能够为我们打开新的体验，从而吸引公众注意。故选D项。
9. 细节理解题。根据第三段“People who experience high levels of FOMO have been found to be more likely to give in to urges to write and check text messages while driving, as well as to use Facebook more often directly after waking, while going to sleep and during meals.(研究发现，经历高强度FOMO的人更容易屈服于在开车时收发短信的冲动，也更容易在醒来、睡觉和吃饭时直接使用Facebook)”可知，开车时刷脸书可以视为社交媒体FOMO。故选D项。
10. 推理判断题。根据第四段“When it comes to lasting happiness, it is best not to give in to FOMO, but rather to deal with the cycle of desires that fuel it.(说到长久的快乐，最好不要向FOMO屈服，而要处理助长它的欲望循环)”和第六段“The fact that FOMO is so common in our digital age is a sign that there is something wrong with the way we are pursuing happiness and that we are not as happy as we might think we are. (事实上，FOMO在我们的数字时代如此普遍，这表明我们追求幸福的方式出了问题，我们并不像我们想象的那样幸福)”可推知，作者建议避免FOMO是因为避免FOMO才能获得长久的快乐。故选A项。
11. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The fact that FOMO is so common in our digital age is a sign that there is something wrong with the way we are pursuing happiness and that we are not as happy as we might think we are. It should warn us that, in our eagerness to use digital technology to try to make ourselves happier, we may unintentionally (无意之中) be bringing on exactly the opposite result.(事实上，FOMO在我们的数字时代如此普遍，这表明我们追求幸福的方式出了问题，我们并不像我们想象的那样幸福。它应该提醒我们，在我们急切地使用数字技术试图让自己更快乐的过程中，我们可能无意中带来了恰恰相反的结果)”可推知，与我们认为的相反，数字技术可能会让我们不快乐。故选B项。
In WALL-E, a science fiction movie, a little robot is responsible for cleaning a world covered in garbage; a world where there is no longer room for anything else, not even humans! The film encourages common people, worldwide leaders and businessmen to ask the obvious question: What can be done to prevent something like this happening? For some, microfactories could become the most promising answer.
Veena Sahajwalla, a materials scientist and engineer in Sydney, Australia, has discovered a solution to the challenging waste problem. Her one-stop approach could go beyond the existing recycling processes. Her waste microfactories mainly target electronic waste and plastic, and are essentially little trash processors. These can transform waste into new materials with the help of thermal(热的) technology.
“Using our green manufacturing technologies, these microfactories can transform waste, enabling local businesses and communities to not only solve local waste problems, but to develop a commercial opportunity from the valuable materials that are created,” she explains.
Humans generate 2.01 billion tons of solid waste annually. And as the fastest growing waste stream, approximately 53.6 million tons of e-waste were generated globally by 2019. Despite current efforts, only 17.4 percent of this is known to have been collected and properly recycled. Meanwhile, worldwide e-waste generation is expected to continue to grow, reaching almost 80 million tons by 2030.
Although the most effective solution to the waste challenges would not generate as much trash, Sahajwalla microfactories provide hope for all the waste that already exists. Her solution not only decreases the amount of waste, but it also improves its management and enables new manufacturing opportunities around the new materials created.
WALL-E shows us the best and the worst of what human beings have to offer. It shows where the world is headed unless the human species slows down and stops developing at the current pace. But it also provides hope, showing that we also have a great power to change and improve.
12. What’s the aim to write the first paragraph?
A. To tell us what WALL-E is about. B. To show the wide future of robots.
C. To introduce the use of microfactories. D. To praise Veena Sahajwalla’s contribution.
13. What do we know about Veena Sahajwalla?
A. She is a top scientist in Australia.
B. She has been devoted to garbage factories.
C. Her waste microfactories are practical.
D. Her trash processors are being widely promoted.
14. How does the fourth paragraph develop?
A. By making contrasts. B. By listing relevant figures.
C. By summarizing the above. D. By analyzing cause and effect.
15. What’s the author’s attitude towards microfactories?
A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Unclear. D. Indifferent.
【答案】12．C
13．C
14．B
15．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种垃圾微型工厂，可以解决大量垃圾问题，介绍了这一机器的优点和其开发者Veena Sahajwalla对其的看法。
12. 推理判断题。根据第一段三、四句话“The film encourages common people, worldwide leaders and businessmen to ask the obvious question: What can be done to prevent something like this happening? For some, microfactories could become the most promising answer.(这部电影鼓励普通人、世界各国领导人和商人提出一个显而易见的问题：如何才能防止类似的事情发生？对一些人来说，微型工厂可能成为最有希望的答案)”结合下文对微型工厂的介绍推知，写第一段的目的是为了介绍微型工厂的使用。故选C。
13. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句话“Her waste microfactories mainly target electronic waste and plastic, and are essentially little trash processors. These can transform waste into new materials with the help of thermal(热的) technology.(她的废物微型工厂主要针对电子废物和塑料，基本上是小型垃圾处理厂。这些可以在热技术的帮助下将废物转化为新材料)”以及第三段““Using our green manufacturing technologies, these microfactories can transform waste, enabling local businesses and communities to not only solve local waste problems, but to develop a commercial opportunity from the valuable materials that are created,” she explains.(她解释说：“利用我们的绿色制造技术，这些微型工厂可以转化废物，使当地企业和社区不仅能够解决当地的废物问题，而且能够利用所创造的宝贵材料创造商业机会。”)”可知，Veena Sahajwalla所开发的处理垃圾的微型工厂是非常实用的。故选C。
14. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Humans generate 2.01 billion tons of solid waste annually. And as the fastest growing waste stream, approximately 53.6 million tons of e-waste were generated globally by 2019. Despite current efforts, only 17.4 percent of this is known to have been collected and properly recycled. Meanwhile, worldwide e-waste generation is expected to continue to grow, reaching almost 80 million tons by 2030.(人类每年产生20.1亿吨固体废物。作为增长最快的废物流，到2019年，全球产生约5360万吨电子垃圾。尽管目前做出了努力，但已知只有17.4%的垃圾被收集并妥善回收。与此同时，全球电子垃圾产生量预计将继续增长，到2030年将达到近8000万吨)”推知，本段用列举相关数据的方式展开陈述。故选B。
15. 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句话“But it also provides hope, showing that we also have a great power to change and improve.(但它也带来了希望，表明我们也有巨大的力量来改变和改进)”可知，作者对于微型工厂持积极的态度。故选A。
二、七选五
More and more people are turning to a plant-based lifestyle. ___16___. It has been shown to help improve overall health, prevent diseases, and increase well-being and happiness. Here are two tips on how to gradually move into plant-based living.
Ease Yourself Into It
___17___. This isn’t necessary and it’s too hard — it’s because they’re not giving their body time to ease into it.
If you’ve been eating meat daily (or almost daily) for most of your life, then your body’s going to be a bit confused when it’s suddenly not getting its regular fix of meat. The best way is to gradually reduce meat from your diet. If you eat meat 3 meals a day, drop it down to 2 meals for a couple of weeks. ___18___. After that, you can alternate (交替) between “meat days” and “non-meat days”, until you’re comfortable going long stretches without eating meat.
Make Sure You’re Getting Your Nutrients (营养)
If you’re going to be plant-based, you have to do much work. That means figuring out how to develop meal plans that allow you to get your daily doses of proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. You can’t just switch to eating green salads for 3 meals a day and expect to feel good, because you won’t. You’ll need to start eating a varied diet. Whole grains, like beans and legumes, as well as soy foods, can help you get your daily requirements for protein. ___19___.
That’s really all you need to know: make sure that you’re taking it easy and giving your body time to adapt, and make sure that you’re getting necessary nutrients. ___20___, you’ll be able to enjoy plant-based living in no time.
A. Once you have a clear idea
B. As long as you’re doing these two things
C. These two nutrients are difficult to get from plants
D. Next, bring it down to a meal a day for a few weeks
E. Healthy fats can come from things like olive oil and peanuts
F. The benefits of a plant-based lifestyle are seemingly endless
G. A lot of people fail because they move straight up into a plant-based lifestyle
【答案】16．F
17．G
18．D
19．E
20．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。越来越多的人开始转向以植物为基础的生活方式。短文介绍了关于如何逐步进入以植物为基础的生活方式的两个建议。
16. 根据下文“It has been shown to help improve overall health, prevent diseases, and increase well-being and happiness.”（它已被证明有助于改善整体健康，预防疾病，增加福祉和幸福。）可知，选项承接下文说明以植物为基础的生活方式的好处有很多。故F选项“以植物为基础的生活方式的好处似乎无穷无尽”切题。故选F项。
17. 根据标题“Ease Yourself Into It”（慢慢地融入其中）和下文“This isn’t necessary and it’s too hard — it’s because they’re not giving their body time to ease into it.”（这是没有必要的，而且太难了——这是因为他们没有给自己的身体时间来适应。）可知，要慢慢地融入以植物为基础的生活方式，下文在解释上文人们未能进入以植物为基础的生活方式的原因。故G选项“很多人失败是因为他们直接进入了以植物为基础的生活方式”切题。故选G项。
18. 根据上文“If you eat meat 3 meals a day, drop it down to 2 meals for a couple of weeks.”（如果你一天吃三顿饭，在接下来的几个星期里减少到两顿。）可知，选项承接上文，说明饭顿数的减少情况。故D选项“接下来，把它减少到每天一顿饭，持续几个星期”切题。故选D项。
19. 根据上文“Whole grains, like beans and legumes, as well as soy foods, can help you get your daily requirements for protein.”（全谷物，如豆类和豆科作物，以及大豆食品，可以帮助你获得每日所需的蛋白质。）可知，选项与上文的“蛋白质的来源”为并列关系，说明健康脂肪的来源。故E选项“健康的脂肪可以来自橄榄油和花生”切题。故选E项。
20. 根据上文“That’s really all you need to know: make sure that you’re taking it easy and giving your body time to adapt, and make sure that you’re getting necessary nutrients.”（这就是你需要知道的全部：确保你放松，给你的身体时间适应，并确保你获得必要的营养）以及下文“you’ll be able to enjoy plant-based living in no time”（你很快就能享受以植物为基础的生活方式）可知，选项承上启下，说明只有做了这两件事，才到享受以植物为基础的生活方式。与下文为条件关系。故B选项“只要你做了这两件事”切题。故选B项。
三、完形填空
In the United States, Christmas is a very important day. Many needy families are seeking assistance every year on the occasion of Christmas so they can get ____21____ toys and gifts for their children. And the charities and organizations come forward to ____22____ those poor families and bring joy to the poor children. Every year many free gifts and toys are indeed ____23____. This is very kind and ____24____ work for poor families as well as for children. Here is a family who have been ____25____ their love on this special day.
Three decades ago, Norah Wilkinson started a Christmas ____26____ that her family is keeping alive five years after her ____27____. It all came from the ____28____ grandmother’s simple motto(座右铭), “It’s nice to be nice.” Back in 1990, this ____29____ led her to start spending £10 a year on presents for children who’d otherwise have nothing to ____30____ on Christmas day, according to The Mirror.
Although Norah passed away five years ago, at the great age of 92, her grandchildren wanted to ____31____ up the tradition. So Norah’s seven children Josie, Patricia, Maria, Michael, Pete, Paul and Kieran and their children have managed to ____32____ an amazing £250, 000 worth of gifts that will be handed out to more than 5, 000 families for Christmas.
It’s amazing! “We are ____33____ by the generosity everyone has shown. There is a real sense of community. People are surprised there are children who have nothing on Christmas morning,” ____34____ Norah’s granddaughter, Tor Imrie-Bell.
This year, more than ever, many families are ____35____ to put food on the table. Yet, thanks to the ____36____ strangers and this hard-working and caring family, thousands of ____37____ will soon have a smile on their face.
The work of the grandchildren and their parents is totally ____38____, and it’s wonderful to see how much of a(n) ____39____ from a grandmother can be in life and death, and how a simple desire to be kind can snowball into a ____40____ to help thousands.
21. A. cheap B. precious C. free D. great
22. A. inquire B. help C. choose D. dismiss
23. A. put away B. thrown away C. rented out D. given out
24. A. wonderful B. difficult C. absurd D. uniform
25. A. checking B. noting C. calculating D. devoting
26. A. party B. tradition C. conflict D. consultation
27. A. death B. illness C. abuse D. participation
28. A. gifted B. loving C. strict D. unsuspecting
29. A. courage B. greed C. kindness D. curiosity
30. A. assign B. donate C. open D. examine
31. A. break B. set C. give D. keep
32. A. gather B. spread C. sell D. withdraw
33. A. scared B. moved C. .frightened D. embarrassed
34. A. answered B. asked C. explained D. greeted
35. A. struggling B. determining C. hesitating D. learning
36. A. brave B. humble C. annoying D. generous
37. A. children B. relatives C. grandmothers D. organizations
38. A. professional B. admirable C. decent D. normal
39. A. phrase B. expectation C. inspiration D. justice
40. A. trip B. plan C. battle D. campaign
【答案】21．C
22．B
23．D
24．A
25．D
26．B
27．A
28．B
29．C
30．C
31．D
32．A
33．B
34．C
35．A
36．D
37．A
38．B
39．C
40．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一个家族善良的圣诞节传统。从祖母Norah开始，每年圣诞节都会帮助贫困家庭准备给孩子们的圣诞礼物。即使是在她过世之后，这个圣诞传统仍然被她的后代延续下去。他们的家族传统也影响了很多其他人，让善良的帮助成为一项活动。
21. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每年圣诞节，许多贫困家庭都在寻求帮助，以便为他们的孩子免费获得玩具和礼物。A. cheap便宜的；B. precious宝贵的，珍贵的；C. free自由的，免费的；D. great好的，伟大的。根据前文“Many needy families are seeking assistance(许多贫困家庭正在寻求帮助)”可推知，这些贫困家庭想要通过寻求帮助得到免费的礼物以送给家里的孩子。故选C项。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：慈善机构和组织挺身而出，帮助那些贫穷的家庭，给贫穷的孩子带来欢乐。A. inquire查询，打听；B. help帮助；C. choose选择；D. dismiss不予理会，解雇。分析可知，主语“the charities and organizations(慈善机构和组织)”应是要给这些家庭提供帮助。故选B项。
23. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：每年都有很多免费的礼物和玩具被分发出去。A. put away放好，储存；B. thrown away扔掉，丢弃；C. rented out出租；D. given out分发，宣布。结合主语为“many free gifts and toys(许多免费的礼物和玩具)”可推知，礼物和玩具被分给了有需要的家庭。故选D项。
24. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这对贫困家庭和儿童来说都是一项非常善良和精彩的工作。A. wonderful精彩的，极好的；B. difficult困难的；C. absurd荒谬的，荒唐的；D. uniform一致的，统一的。分析可知，所选形容词应是与空前“kind(友好的)”为同义表达，A项“wonderful”符合分析。故选A项。
25. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这里有一个在这个特殊的日子里献出了爱的家庭。A. checking检查，核对；B. noting注意，留意；C. calculating计算；D. devoting致力，献身。根据后文“Back in 1990, this ____9____ led her to start spending £10 a year on presents for children…(据《镜报》报道，早在1990年，这种好意就让她开始每年花10英镑为那些在圣诞节没有东西打开的孩子们买礼物)”以及“Although Norah passed away five years ago, at the great age of 92, her grandchildren wanted to ____11____ up the tradition.(虽然Norah 已经在五年前去世了，享年92岁，但她的孙辈们仍希望延续这一传统)”可知，从祖母Norah开始，这个家族就一直在圣诞节捐赠礼物给有需要的孩子，这是一个致力于“爱”的家族。故选D项。
26. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：30年前，Norah Wilkinson开始了一个圣诞节传统，在她去世5年后，她的家人一直保持着这个传统。A. party聚会；B. tradition传统，惯例；C. conflict矛盾，冲突；D. consultation咨询，磋商。分析可知，所选名词应是之后定语从句中“is keeping(保持)”的宾语，“保持这个传统”，即，“tradition”，与后文“…her grandchildren wanted to ____11____ up the tradition.(但她的孙辈们仍希望延续这一传统)”中“tradition”相呼应。故选B项。
27. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：30年前，Norah Wilkinson开始了一个圣诞节传统，在她去世5年后，她的家人一直保持着这个传统。A. death死亡，逝世；B. illness疾病；C. abuse虐待，辱骂；D. participation参加，参与。根据后文“Although Norah passed away five years ago, at the great age of 92, her grandchildren wanted to ____11____ up the tradition.(虽然Norah已经在五年前去世了，享年92岁，但她的孙辈们仍希望延续这一传统)”可知，在Noarh过世后，她的后代还在保持这个传统。故选A项。
28. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一切都来自这位有爱心的祖母那句简单的格言：“待人友善是件好事。”A. gifted有天赋的，天资聪慧的；B. loving富有爱心的；C. strict严格的，严厉的；D. unsuspecting不知情的。根据后文“start spending £10 a year on presents for children(开始每年花10英镑给孩子们买礼物)”可知，Norah是一个有爱心的人。故选B项。
29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：据《镜报》报道，早在1990年，这种好意就让她开始每年花10英镑为那些在圣诞节没有东西打开的孩子们买礼物。A. courage勇气；B. greed贪婪；C. kindness善良，好心；D. curiosity好奇心。根据前文“It’s nice to be nice.(待人友善是件好事)”提及的Norah的座右铭可知，她是善良的，善良让她开始在圣诞节帮助有需要的孩子买礼物。故选C项。
30. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：据《镜报》报道，早在1990年，这种好意就让她开始每年花10英镑为那些在圣诞节没有东西打开的孩子们买礼物。A. assign分派，布置；B. donate捐赠；C. open打开；D. examine检查。结合语境分析可知，“children who’d otherwise have nothing to ____10____ on Christmas day”应是指在圣诞节没有礼物的孩子，圣诞节的礼物需要孩子们自己拆开。故选C项。
31. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然Norah 已经在五年前去世了，享年92岁，但她的孙辈们仍希望延续这一传统。A. break打破；B. set设定；C. give给与；D. keep保持，保存。与前文“is keeping… alive(使某事物延续下去)”保持一致，这里应是“keep up(保持；继续)”。故选D项。
32. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，Norah 的七个孩子Josie，Patricia，Maria，Michael，Pete，Paul，Kieran和他们的孩子们设法收集了价值25万英镑的礼物，将在圣诞节分发给5000多个家庭。A. gather聚集，收集；B. spread蔓延，传播；C. sell销售；D. withdraw提取，撤离。根据后文“an amazing £250, 000 worth of gifts(价值25万英镑的礼物)”以及“the generosity everyone has shown(每个人都表现出的慷慨)”可知，这些礼物是他们收集而来的。故选A项。
33. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们被每个人的慷慨所感动。A. scared恐惧的；B. moved感动的；C. frightened受惊的，害怕的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据前文“an amazing £250, 000 worth of gifts that will be handed out to more than 5, 000 families for Christmas(价值25万英镑的礼物将在圣诞节分发给5000多个家庭)”可知，他们收集了如此价值多的礼物，被大家的康慨所感动。故选B项。
34. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Norah的Tor Imrie-Bell解释道。A. answered回答；B. asked询问，要求；C. explained解释，说明；D. greeted问候，打招呼。分析可知，前文“We are ____13____ by the generosity everyone has shown. There is a real sense of community. People are surprised there are children who have nothing on Christmas morning(我们被每个人的慷慨所感动。这里有一种真正的社区意识。人们很惊讶有孩子在圣诞节早上什么都没有……)”是Norah的孙女所说的话，对这次礼物征集进行解释。故选C项。
35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年，许多家庭比以往任何时候都更加难以养家糊口。A. struggling斗争，奋斗；B. determining决定；C. hesitating犹豫，迟疑；D. learning学习。结合语境，“This year”应是指“疫情之年”，疫情下，每个家庭都为餐食在努力奋斗。故选A项。
36. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，感谢这些慷慨的陌生人和这个努力工作、充满爱心的家庭，成千上万的孩子很快就会有笑容在他们的脸上。A. brave勇敢的；B. humble谦逊的，虚心的；C. annoying使恼怒的，使生气的；D. generous慷慨的，大方的。分析语境可知，“Yet”表转折关系，在这样艰难的时境下，这里的“strangers(陌生人)”仍然捐赠圣诞节礼物，他们是慷慨的。故选D项。
37. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，感谢这些慷慨的陌生人和这个努力工作、充满爱心的家庭，成千上万的孩子很快就会有笑容在他们的脸上。A. children孩子们；B. relatives亲戚；C. grandmothers祖母，外祖母；D. organizations组织。分析语境可知，“…will soon have a smile on their face(……他们的脸上很快就会有笑容)”应是指将要在今年圣诞节收到礼物的孩子们的脸上的笑容。故选A项。
38. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然孙辈和他们的父母的工作令人钦佩，但看到一位祖母在生前以及过世后能成为那么鼓舞人心的人，看到一个简单的善良愿望可以像滚雪球一样变成一场帮助成千上万人的运动，这真是太棒了。A. professional职业的，专业的；B. admirable令人钦佩的；C. decent正派的，得体的；D. normal正常的。分析语境可知，“The work of the grandchildren and their parents”应是指前文“So Norah’s seven children Josie, Patricia, Maria, Michael, Pete, Paul and Kieran and their children have managed to ____12____ an amazing £250, 000 worth of gifts that will be handed out to more than 5, 000 families for Christmas.(因此，Norah 的七个孩子Josie，Patricia，Maria，Michael，Pete，Paul，Kieran 和他们的孩子们设法收集了价值25万英镑的礼物，将在圣诞节分发给5000多个家庭)”提及的这一家人在圣诞节给与有需要的人的帮助，是值得钦佩的。故选B项。
39. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然孙辈和他们的父母的工作令人钦佩，但看到一位祖母在生前以及过世后能成为那么鼓舞人心的人，看到一个简单的善良愿望可以像滚雪球一样变成一场帮助成千上万人的运动，这真是太棒了。A. phrase惯用语，警句；B. expectation期待，期望；C. inspiration鼓舞人心的人，鼓舞；D. justice公平，公正。根据前文“Although Norah passed away five years ago, at the great age of 92, her grandchildren wanted to ____11____ up the tradition.(尽管Norah已于五年前去世，享年92岁，但她的孙辈们仍希望延续这一传统)”可知，即使Norah过世之后，她的后代也保持着这个圣诞节传统，可见她的行为对于后代的鼓舞之深远。故选C项。
40. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然孙辈和他们的父母的工作令人钦佩，但看到一位祖母在生前以及过世后能成为那么鼓舞人心的人，看到一个简单的善良愿望可以像滚雪球一样变成一场帮助成千上万人的运动，这真是太棒了。A. trip旅途；B. plan计划；C. battle战斗，争论；D. campaign(有计划的) 活动；运动。分析可知，“a simple desire to be kind(一个简单的善良的愿望)”应是指代Norah当时自己的善良想法，如今这个简单的想法成了整个家族乐于助人的活动。故选D项。
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Walking is great for weight loss, but the benefits go far beyond from higher energy and better mood to stress relief, creativity boost, and more. Whether you’re just having a down day or a down life, taking ____41____ walk can lift your mood especially when you go outdoors.
Money for a gym membership, home exercise ____42____ (equip), workout clothes and shoes ____43____ (add) up a lot. But it doesn’t have to. Walking requires ____44____ (absolute) nothing but still provides great health benefits. And ____45____ it can save is not only on things, but also on healthcare. Those who exercised regularly saved much money when it came to healthcare costs compared to those not meeting the minimum weekly exercise requirements.
Sleeping a solid eight hours a day ____46____ (be) one of the most important ____47____ (thing) you can do for your health. But sometimes that’s easier ____48____ (say) than to do. Thankfully, a fast walk may be all you need. People who exercise regularly, including walking, fall asleep more quickly, sleep ____49____ (long), and have better quality sleep. Walking is also good for your brain. When you walk, your foot’s impact ____50____ the ground sends pressure waves through the arteries (动脉) that increase blood flow to the brain.
【答案】41．a
42．equipment
43．adds
44．absolutely
45．what
46．is
47．things
48．to say
49．longer
50．on
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲散步对身体的好处。
41. 考查冠词。句意：无论你是在度过沮丧的一天，还是在过沮丧的生活，散步都能提升你的心情，尤其是当你出门时。walk辅音音素开头搭配a，take a walk表“散步”，为固定搭配。故填a。
42. 考查名词。句意：健身房会员、家庭健身器材、运动服和运动鞋的费用加起来很多。由前文 a gym membership可知，此空也应填名词和前面并列。且equipment表“设备”，为不可数名词。故填equipment。
43. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：健身房会员、家庭健身器材、运动服和运动鞋的费用加起来很多。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，此句的主语为Money，时态保持和前后文一致用一般现在时，所以此空应用动词第三人称单数形式。故填adds。
44. 考查副词。句意：步行不需要任何东西，但仍然对健康有益。分析句子可知，此空应填副词absolutely作状语修饰前面动词requires。故填absolutely。
45. 考查主语从句。句意：它能节省的不仅仅是东西，还包括医疗保健。分析句子可知，____ it can save是主语从句，从句中缺宾语且指代物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
46. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每天睡八个小时是对你的健康最重要的事情之一。分析句子可知，此句动名词Sleeping a solid eight hours a day充当主语，且时态为一般现在时，所以谓语应用动词第三人称单数。故填is。
47. 考查名词复数。句意：每天睡八个小时是对你的健康最重要的事情之一。one of后面应加可数名词复数。故填things。
48. 考查非谓语。句意：但有时说起来容易做起来难。分析句子可知，这里考查sth.+be+adj.+to do结构，动词不定式主动表被动。故填to say。
49. 考查副词比较级。句意：经常锻炼（包括散步）的人睡得更快，睡得更长，睡眠质量更好。由前文more quickly可知，此空也应用副词long的比较级，作状语修饰动词sleep。故填longer。
50. 考查介词。句意：当你走路时，你的脚对地面的冲击会通过动脉发出压力波，增加流向大脑的血液。impact on表“对……影响”，为固定搭配。故填on。
五、短文改错
51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
While traveling in England, my friend and I met a nice and young man calling Alain. In the days before the Internet and social media, it was common to exchange address upon departing and say, “Come and visit if you’re in an area.” So, two days later, we actual accepted his offer. We knocked on his door, just thinking about we’d have a cup of tea and a nice chat. And to our surprise, his lovely mum cooked a delicious dinner for ourselves! Then, we invited to stay the night! We had fun trying to speak French with his wife, which couldn’t speak English. It was an interested evening.
【答案】1. calling→called
2. address→addresses
3. an→the
4. actual→actually
5. 去掉about
6. And→But
7. ourselves→us
8. 在invited前加were
9. which→who
10. interested→interesting
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和朋友在英国旅行时结识了Alain的故事。
【详解】
1. 考查过去分词。句意：在英国旅行时，我和朋友遇到了一个叫Alain的年轻人。主句已有谓语met且无连词，动词call用非谓语形式，逻辑主语man与动词call是被动关系，call用过去分词作后置定语。故将calling改为called。
2. 考查名词复数。句意：在互联网和社交媒体出现之前的日子里，人们经常在出发时交换地址，并说：“如果你在这个地区，请过来看看。”此处指“交换彼此的地址”，用可数名词address的复数形式。故将address改为addresses。
3. 考查冠词。句意：在互联网和社交媒体出现之前的日子里，人们经常在出发时交换地址，并说：“如果你在这个地区，请过来看看。”此处特指“如果你在这个地区”，用定冠词the限定名词area。故将an改为the。
4. 考查副词。句意：所以，两天后，我们实际上接受了他的提议。副词actually作状语，修饰动词accepted。故将actual改为actually。
5. 考查及物动词。句意：我们敲了敲他的门，想着我们可以喝杯茶，好好聊聊天。及物动词think后接省略that引导的宾语从句，介词about多余。故去掉about。
6. 考查连词。句意：但令我们惊讶的是，他可爱的妈妈为我们做了一顿美味的晚餐！本句与上文“想着我们可以喝杯茶，好好聊聊天”是转折关系，用并列连词but，首字母大写。故将And改为But。
7. 考查宾格代词。句意：但令我们惊讶的是，他可爱的妈妈为我们做了一顿美味的晚餐！主语his lovely mum和宾语“我们”不是指同一人，无需用反身代词，用人称宾格代词us。故将ourselves改为us。
8. 考查语态。句意：然后，我们被邀请过夜！主语we和谓语动词invite是被动关系，事情已发生，用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were done），主语we是第一人称复数，用were done形式。故在invited前加were。
9. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：我们很高兴能尽力地和他不会说英语的妻子说法语。逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词是his wife，指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who。故将which改为who。
10. 考查-ed形容词和-ing形容词。句意：这是一个有趣的夜晚。修饰形容人用-ed形容词，修饰形容物用-ing形容词，用-ing形容词interesting作定语，修饰物evening。故将interested改为interesting。
六、其他应用文
52．假定你是李华，你的交换生朋友John原本打算参加学校组织的“古诗词比赛（the Classical Poetry Competition）”，但是现在因为害怕失败而打算放弃。请你写封信劝说他参加这次活动，内容包括：
1. 写信的目的；
2. 参加比赛的理由；
3. 提供可能的帮助。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Dear John,
I am surprised to learn you want to give up participating in the Classical Poetry Competition to be held by our school.
After all, taking part in the competition is very significant. First, it gives you a chance to recite more poems and learn the charm of Chinese poetry. Second, whatever the result is, you will make more friends who have the same interest as you. Besides, I know you are interested in and have learned a lot about Chinese poetry and Chinese traditional culture. I believe you can get a good result. And I will provide help for you if you need.
I hope you can consider my advice. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给交换生朋友John写信，劝说他参加学校组织的“古诗词比赛（the Classical Poetry Competition）。
【详解】
1. 词汇积累
惊奇的：surprised→astonished
参加：participate in→take part in
重要的：significant→be of significance
此外：besides→what’s more
2. 句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：After all, taking part in the competition is very significant. First, it gives you a chance to recite more poems and learn the charm of Chinese poetry.
拓展句：First，after all, taking part in the competition is very significant, which gives you a chance to recite more poems and learn the charm of Chinese poetry.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Second, whatever the result is, you will make more friends who have the same interest as you.（运用了whatever引导状语从句，who引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】And I will provide help for you if you need.（运用了if引导的状语从句）