2022年中考英语语法复习第06讲形容词、副词级别变化(学生版)

这是一份2022年中考英语语法复习第06讲形容词、副词级别变化(学生版)，共6页。试卷主要包含了形容词副词的原级，易错点等内容，欢迎下载使用。
知识图谱
形容词、副词的级别变化
知识精讲
一、形容词/副词的比较级和最高级构成
1．规则形容词级的构成规则如下表：

2. 不规则形容词的级的构成:
3. 形容词、副词递减的比较等级的构成
在形容词、副词前加less和least，表示“较不”和“最不”：
interesting有趣的less interesting较无趣的least interesting最无趣的
imprtant重要的 less imprtant较不重要的 least imprtant最不重要的
有些形容词可以加er及est或前面加上mre/ mst来形成比较级和最高级plite– pliter 或mre plite – plitest 或mst plite，这类词还有quiet，handsme，pleasant，cmmn，exact等。

二、形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级用法
1. 原级
形容词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。
1). “as…as”结构，表示“前者像后者一样”，
A+ be+as+ adj. +as+B (+be).
A+d+as+ adv. +as+B (+d).
如：Jhn is as tall as his brther. 约翰和他的哥哥一样高。
Jhn runs as fast as his brther des. 约翰和他的哥哥跑的一样快。
2). “nt as/ s…as”结构，表示“前者不如后者”，
A+ be(nt)+as+ adj. +as+B (+be).
A+d(nt)+as+ adv. +as+B (+d).
如：Peple are nt s hnest as they nce were. 人们不再像以前那样诚实了。
Jhn desn’t run as fast as his brther des. 约翰不如他的哥哥跑得快。

2. 比较级
当把一个人或物同另外一个人或物比较时，就需要用到形容词比较级。其结构是：
A + d +形容词或副词比较级+than+B (+d).
如：Bill wrks harder than Je. 比尔比乔更为勤奋。
表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如：
This rm is less beautiful than that ne.

比较级的特殊形式：
1). “越来越……”：比较级+and+比较级
如：He is getting mre and mre handsme. 他变得越来越帅了。
It is becming cheaper and cheaper. 它越来越便宜了。
2). “越……就越……”：the+比较级，the +比较级
如：The sner, the better. 越快越好。
The harder yu study, the mre yu will get. 你学习得越刻苦，你的收获就越多。
3). 表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lt、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰。如：
He wrks even harder than befre.
He is much taller than me. 他比我高得多。
4). 倍数的表达：
倍数：nce, twice, three times…
A+倍数+as+形容词/副词原形+as+B
A+倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than+B
如：This bx is fur times as big as that ne.
This bk is fur times bigger than that ne. 这个盒子是那个盒子的四倍大。

3. 最高级
三者或者三者以上的人或物进行比较时，需要使用形容词或副词的最高级。其结构是：
1). A + d (+ the) +形容词或副词的最高级+f /in+比较范围
(注意：形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the，副词最高级前的the通常省略)
如：He is the tallest in ur class. =He is the tallest f all the students.
杰奇是班上最高的学生。
2). ne f +the+最高级+形容词最高级
如：It is ne f the ugliest faces I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最丑陋的头像之一。
3). 用比较级表示最高级
A + be+比较级+than+ any ther+单数名词
+the ther +复数名词
+anyne else
+any f the ther+复数名词
如：He is taller than any ther student in the class. 他比班上其他的同学都高。
否定词+比较级表示最高级：
如：Tm is the tallest student in his class.= N ne is taller than Tm in his class.
三点剖析
一、重点：形容词副词的比较级和最高级构成和句型。

三、易错点：
1. 某些以-ir结尾的形容词进行比较时，用t代替than。这些词有inferir（劣等的，次的）、superir（较好的，优于……）、junir（资历较浅的）、senir（资格较老的）、prir（在……之前）等。
He is superir t Mr. Zhang in chemistry.
在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(thse)、ne(nes)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,ne既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而ne只能代替可数名词。
The bk n the table is mre interesting than that(或the ne)n the desk.
A bx made f steel is strnger than ne made f wd.

2. 由as / s组成的形容词或副词短语。
1). as much as + 不可数名词数量。
Each stne weighs as much as fifteen tns.
She culd earn as much as ten dllars a week.
2).as many as + 可数名词数量 多达
I have as a many as sixteen reference bks.
3).as early as早在
As early as the twelfth century the English began t invade the island.
4).as far as远到；就……而知（论）
We might g as far as (走到)the church and back.
As far as I knw（就我所知），he has been there befre.
5).may (might, culd)as well不妨、不如
Then yu might as well stay with us here.
6).as … as can be到了最……的程度，极其
They are as unreliable as they can be.
7).as … as ne can尽可能……
He began t run, as fast as he culd.
8).as … as pssible尽可能……
Just get them t finish up as quickly as pssible.

3. 易混结构
1). “n mre than” (= nly)“不过，仅仅”
“nt + mre than”意 为“不多于”
如：
My French is nt better than yurs.
我的法语不如你的好。
My French is n better than yurs.
我的法语和你的一样差。

2). n+比较级+than 前者和后者一样都不……
“nt + 比较级 + than” 表 示“一方不如另一方”
如：
The first prize winner is nt mre than 10 years ld.
这个一等奖获得者不到十岁。
The first prize winner is n mre than 10 years dd.
这个一等奖获得者年仅十岁。

3). “n less than” (=as much /many as) “多大，和……一样多”
“nt less than”= at least 最少
如：
He has n less than five children.
他的孩子多达5个。
He has nt less than five children.
他至少有5个孩子。

4). mre… than… “与其……不如……”
mre than 多于，不止
如：
---Ann seems quite unfriendly.安看起来很不友好。
---I think she’s mre shy than unfriendly. 我认为与其说她不友好不如说她害羞。
He is mre my friend than my teacher.
与其说他是我的老师，还不如说他是我的朋友。
形容词副词比较级构成
例题1、 With anther railway speedup, highway and air transprt will have t cmpete with _________ service fr passengers.
随练1、 —Hw are yu tday，Frank？
—Much ________，but my dctr says I'll still have t rest fr anther few days．( )
形容词副词比较级句型
例题1、 Thugh he started late, Mr. Gu played the pian as well as, if _________, Miss Liu.
随练1、 Unless yu are brave enugh t speak up, yu'll lse ________ chances t make yurself understd. ( )
随练2、 __________ mre learned a man is，__________mre mdest he usually becme．（ ）
随练3、 Rather than______ n a crwded bus, he always chses t run t schl.
随练4、 Gne with the Wind is ________ a nvel．It als helps us t understand the histry f that time．
拓展
1、 ---This bk by Tny Garrisn is f great use fr ur curse．
---But I think this latest ne is_________ wrth reading．
2、 With Cllege Entrance Examinatin arund the crner, there is n ________ time than NOW t crack a bk．
3、 The prblem will be ________ discussed at the class meeting next Mnday.
4、 ﹣Hw d yu find this restaurant?
﹣_________．
5、 The huse rent is increasing sharply nwadays．I've gt abut half the space I had five years ag but I am paying ________ nw．
6、 Sam is ging t talk abut the histry f his cuntry, but I’d rather he ______mre n its culture.
7、 --What d yu think f the by's painting?
--I've never seen a persn with ________ sense f art．( )
单音节词
er和est型
构成规则
原级
比较级
最高级
一般在词末加-er和-est
tall
great
hard
taller
greater
harder
tallest
greatest
hardest
以e结尾的只加-r和-st
nice
large
nicer
larger
nicest
largest
以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i，再加-er,-est
dry
drier
driest
闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er,-est
big
thin
ht
bigger
thinner
htter
biggest
thinnest
httest
双音节词
er和est型
少数以-y, -er, -w, -ble, -ple结尾的双音节单词，方法同单音节词
happy
simple
clever
narrw
happier
simpler
cleverer
narrwer
happiest
simplest
cleverest
narrwest
mre和mst型
其他的在前面加mre,mst分别构成比较级和最高级
careful
useful
quickly
mre careful
mre useful
mre quickly
mst careful
mst useful
mst quickly
多音节词
mre和mst型
在其前面加mre和mst
difficult
beautiful
mre difficult
mre beautiful
mst difficult
mst beautiful
原级
比较级
最高级
gd/well
better
best
bad/ill
wrse
wrst
many/much
mre
mst
little
less
least
far
farther
farthest
further
furthest
ld
lder
ldest
elder
eldest
A.gd
B.better
C.best
D.the best
A.well
B.gd
C.best
D.better
A.nt better than
B.nt better
C.n better than
D.n better
A.mre
B.less
C.much
D.fewer
A.The； the
B.A； a
C.The； a
D.A； the
A.riding
B.t ride
C.ride
D.rides
A.less than
B.mre than
C.n mre than
D.nt mre than
A.better
B.mre
C.mst
D.very
A.gd
B.better
C.best
D.bad
A.farther
B.further
C.far
D.furthest
A.A friend tld me
B.I dn't think s
C.It's hard t find
D.It can't be better
A.as five times much
B.as much five times
C.much as five times
D.five times as much
A.fcus
B.fcused
C.fcusing
D.will fcus
A.the better
B.a better
C.a gd
D.the best