2023版高考英语一轮总复习第1部分模块知识复习Unit1PeopleofAchievement课时作业新人教版选择性必修第一册

这是一份2023版高考英语一轮总复习第1部分模块知识复习Unit1PeopleofAchievement课时作业新人教版选择性必修第一册，共7页。
A
(2021·石家庄市质量检测一)Stephen Wamukta, a nine­year­ld by frm Mukwa village in Western Kenya, is making the headlines wrldwide fr his creative hand washing machine. The yung by came up with the idea after watching villagers, wh d nt have easy access t running water and struggle t find an effective way t wash their hands t avid catching and spreading COVID­19．
Using the few resurces he culd get—wd, nails, and a bucket—Stephen designed and built a simple but functinal washing statin. The clever creatin, which is made up f tw pedals(踏板) —ne t release sap and the ther t release water — enables villagers t wash their hands in a cntact­free way, thus reducing the likelihd f catching the infectius disease.
“I had bught sme pieces f wd t make a windw frame, but when I came back hme after wrk ne day, I fund that Stephen had made the machine，” his father, James, tld the media. “The cncept was his, and I helped tighten the machine. I’m very prud. ” James credits Stephen’s building skill t the village schl’s curriculum(全部课程), which teaches children t cnstruct items frm a very yung age.
The inventin, which went_viral after James psted a pht nline, has made Stephen an instant celebrity in Kenya. In early June 2020, the cuntry’s leader gave Stephen the Uzalend Award fr making significant cntributins twards the natin’s fight against COVID­19．Stephen has als been prmised a full schlarship t a schl that can develp his creative talent, by the cunty gvernr.
Thugh thrilled at the unexpected fame and success, Stephen is nt satisfied with what he has achieved. The yung by has already built anther hand washing machine and plans n adding several mre.
1．What inspired Stephen t design the hand washing machine?
A．The schl prject he was wrking n.
B．The few resurces he culd use in his huse.
C．The difficulty the villagers had keeping their hands clean.
D．The number f the villagers getting infected with the disease.
2．What’s the riginal functin f the pieces f wd?
A．T make the frame f a windw.
B．T start a fire t ck meals.
C．T create tw pedals f a machine.
D．T cnstruct a hand washing machine.
3．What des the underlined phrase “went viral” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Spread rapidly. B．Disappeared suddenly.
C．Imprved immediately. D．Matured gradually.
4．What can we learn frm Stephen’s stry?
A．Gd fame is better than anything.
B．Many hands make light wrk.
C．A small child can make a big difference.
D．Failure is the mther f success.
【语篇导读】看到村民们没有方便的自来水，而且很难找到有效的洗手方式来避免感染和传播新型冠状病毒肺炎，来自肯尼亚西部村庄的九岁男孩发明了洗手机。
1．C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，看到村民们没有方便的自来水，而且很难找到有效的洗手方式来避免感染新型冠状病毒肺炎后，Stephen想出了这个主意。故选C项。
2．A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I had bught sme pieces f wd t make a windw frame…”可知，A选项正确。故选A项。
3．A 词义猜测题。本题可以使用代入法，只有把A选项代入后逻辑成立。即James在网上发布了一张照片后，这项发明“迅速传播”，使得Stephen立刻成为肯尼亚名人。B项意为“突然消失”，C项意为“立即改进”，D项意为“逐渐成熟”，代入后均不符合语境。故选A项。
4．C 推理判断题。本文记述了年仅九岁的男孩Stephen发明洗手机，帮助村民防止感染和传播新型冠状病毒肺炎的事迹，主人公年龄虽小，贡献却很大。故选C项。
B
(2021·山东省潍坊市五县联考)This year researchers expect the wrld t snap 1．35 trillin phtgraphs, r abut 3．7 billin per day. All thse pixels (像素) take up a lt f rm if they are stred n persnal cmputers r phnes, which is ne reasn why many peple stre their images in the clud. But unlike a hard n drive which can be encrypted t prtect its data, clud strage users have t trust that a tech platfrm will keep their private pictures safe. Nw a team f Clumbia University cmputer scientists has develped a tl t encrypt(加密) images stred n many ppular clud services while allwing authrized users t brwse and display their phtgraphs as usual.
Malicius(恶意的) attempts t access r leak clud­based phtgraphs can expse persnal infrmatin. In Nvember 2019, fr example, a bug in the ppular phtgraph strage app Ggle Phts mistakenly shared sme users’ private vides with strangers. Security experts als wrry abut emplyees at clud strage cmpanies n purpse accessing users’ images.
S the Clumbia researchers came up with a system called Easy Secure Phts (ESP), which they presented at a recent cnference. “We wanted t see if we culd make it pssible t encrypt data while using existing services，” says cmputer scientist Jasn Nieh, ne f the develpers f ESP. “Everyne wants t stay with Ggle Phts and nt have t register n a new encrypted­image clud strage service. ”
T vercme this prblem, they created a tl that preserves blcks f pixels but mves them arund t effectively hide the phtgraph. First, ESP’s algrithm (算法) divides a phtgraph int three separate files, each ne cntaining the image’s red, green r blue clur data. Then the system hides the pixel blcks arund amng these three files (allwing a blck frm the red file, fr instance, t hide ut in the green r blue nes)．But the prgram des nthing within the pixel blcks, where all the image prcessing happens. As a result, the files remain unchanged images but end up lking like grainy black­and­white nes t anyne wh accesses them withut the decryptin (解密) key.
5．What’s prbably the main purpse fr peple t stre images in the clud?
A．T save strage rm. B．T make phts beautiful.
C．T try a new strage way. D．T keep their privacy safe.
6．Why might emplyees in clud strage cmpanies be distrusted by experts?
A．They sell users’ passwrds.
B．They have invented new tls.
C．They ften let ut persnal infrmatin.
D．They may steal a glance at users’ images.
7．What’s the advantage f ESP?
A．It can prvide clear images.
B．It can decrease the uplad time.
C．It can classify images autmatically.
D．It can encrypt data n the riginal platfrm.
8．What des Paragraph 4 mainly talk abut?
A．Methd f decryptin. B．Imageprcessing technique.
C．Separate files f images. D．Data analysis f clurs.
【语篇导读】哥伦比亚大学的研究人员想出了一个名为“简易安全照片”(ESP)的系统，可以对存储在许多流行云服务上的图像进行加密，同时允许授权用户像往常一样浏览和显示他们的照片。
5．A 推理判断题。根据第一段的“All thse pixels (像素) take up a lt f rm if they are stred n persnal cmputers r phnes, which is ne reasn why many peple stre their images in the clud(所有这些像素如果存储在个人电脑或手机上，会占用很多空间，这也是为什么很多人会将图像进行云存储的原因之一)．”可知，人们将照片云存储的主要目的是节省存储空间。故选A。
6．D 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Security experts als wrry abut emplyees at clud strage cmpanies n purpse accessing users’ images(安全专家还担心云存储公司的员工会故意访问用户的图像)．”可知，云存储公司的员工不被专家信任，因为他们可能会偷看用户的图片。故选D。
7．D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“We wanted t see if we culd make it pssible t encrypt data while using existing services(我们想看看是否可以在使用现有服务的同时加密数据)．”和“Everyne wants t stay with Ggle Phts and nt have t register n a new encrypted­image clud strage service(每个人都想继续使用谷歌Phts，而不必注册新的加密图像云存储服务)．”可知，ESP的优点是可以在原有平台上对数据进行加密。故选D。
8．B 主旨大意题。通读第四段，尤其是“T vercme this prblem, they created a tl that preserves blcks f pixels but mves them arund t effectively hide the phtgraph(为了克服这个问题，他们发明了一种工具，可以保存像素块，但可以移动它们来有效地隐藏照片)．”可知，本段主要讲的是一种图像处理技术。故选B。
C
The Wrld Health Organizatin has released a new reprt this week linking the yearly deaths f 1．9 millin peple t tbacc use. The reprt was released fr Wrld Heart Day by the Wrld Heart Federatin and the University f Newcastle in Australia. It is a warning f the dangers f tbacc which can lead t heart disease.
Cardivascular(心血管的) disease is the tp cause f death n Earth, killing an estimated 17．9 millin peple every year. WHO reprts smking and secnd­hand smke are respnsible fr nearly tw millin f these deaths. Reudigar Krech is Directr fr Health Prmtin at the WHO. He said that even life­lng smkers wh quit their deadly habit can prevent dying t sn frm heart attack r strke. “That’s the gd news. If tbacc users take immediate actin nw and quit, then their risk f heart disease will decrease by 50 percent after ne year f nt smking，” he said.
Tbacc use presents the biggest threat. But ther majr risks fr heart disease include lack f exercise, unhealthy diet, high bld pressure and chlesterl and being verweight. In additin, the WHO warns that high bld pressure and heart disease increase the risk f severe COVID­19．“There are abut 400 millin peple wh want t quit smking because f COVID­19，” Krech said. He als said peple culd develp mre severe symptms if they smke. While it is nt easy t quit smking, tls such as nictine patches(贴片) are available t help. Hwever, the WHO warns against using smkeless tbacc, which every year it says, is linked t abut 200,000 deaths frm heart disease. The United Natin’s health agency adds that e­cigarettes als raise bld pressure.
Krech said gvernments can help peple t quit by supprting sme simple measures. They can create smke­free areas, ban tbacc advertising and raise taxes n tbacc prducts.
9．What’s the intentin f releasing the reprt?
A．Offering guidance. B．Giving warnings.
C．Shwing public pinins. D．Banning tbacc.
10．What can we infer frm Paragraph 2?
A．It’s hard t give up smking.
B．Secnd­hand smke causes less harm t peple.
C．The health effects f quitting smking are clear.
D．Life­lng smkers are nt necessarily t quit smking.
11．Which f the fllwing des Krech agree with?
A．Gvernments shuld ban tbacc use.
B．E­cigarettes are available t quit smking.
C．A health crisis makes peple smke a lt mre.
D．Smking wrsens symptms in COVID­19 patients.
12．What des the text mainly fcus n?
A．Ways f kicking ff smking.
B．The benefits f giving up smking.
C．The health influences f smking.
D．Cnnectins between smking and diseases.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。世界卫生组织发布了一份新报告，报告称每年有190万人的死亡与吸烟有关。
9．B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“It is a warning f the dangers f tbacc which can lead t heart disease. ”可知，世界卫生组织发布新报告的目的在于警告人们烟草有引发心脏病的风险。故选B项。
10．C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“If tbacc users take immediate actin nw and quit, then their risk f heart disease will decrease by 50 percent after ne year f nt smking…”可知，如果吸烟的人立即采取行动并戒烟，那么戒烟一年后，他们患心脏病的风险将降低50%。由此可推知，戒烟对健康的影响是明显的。故选C项。
11．D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He als said peple culd develp mre severe symptms if they smke. ”可知，Krech认为，如果吸烟者是新冠肺炎患者，那就会出现更严重的症状。故选D项。
12．C 推理判断题。通览全文内容，尤其是第一段中内容可知，本篇文章重点讲述吸烟者直接影响到身体健康。故选C项。
Ⅱ．七选五阅读
(2021·成都三诊)It can be very easy t stick with what yu knw, instead f trying t meet peple wh are different frm yu. __1__Here’s what yu can d：
Becme self­aware. __2__This includes biases(偏见) abut yur wn cultural backgrund. It can be cnfrnting, but by ding this yu’ll be able t think abut hw these traits might impact n yur apprach t and understanding f differences. Yu culd try: Think abut what assumptins yu make abut yur friends, peers, and peple yu wrk with.
Talk t smene frm a different cultural backgrund. Try and get t knw smene frm a different cultural backgrund better. __3__Yu’ll autmatically find ut mre abut their life and experiences. Just being curius and pen­minded can be helpful.
Be mre accepting. Smetimes, fr ne reasn r anther, it’s nt all that easy t understand sme cultural differences. __4__ In ther wrds, yu dn’t have t understand, r even agree with, smene in rder t accept them.
__5__ One f the biggest difficulties t vercme in understanding cultural differences is making judgments based n ne pinin. Yu shuld d sme research t actually learn abut peple, instead f making brad­brush assessments. Steretyping peple frm different cultural backgrunds can impact their quality f life and pprtunities.
A．D yur wn research.
B．Think beynd steretypes(模式化)．
C．Practice being sympathetic twards peple.
D．Wrk ut yur wn beliefs, values and persnal biases.
E．Instead f asking them questins directly, treat them as friends.
F．And the best apprach is t acknwledge peple wh are different and t accept that’s kay.
G．Hwever, trying t understand peple frm ther cuntries can help yu experience mre.
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文，试着去理解来自其他国家的人可以帮助你体验更多。文章对如何理解和接受不同文化背景的人提出了建议。
1．G 前文“It can be very easy t stick with what yu knw, instead f trying t meet peple wh are different frm yu. ”和选项G中的“trying t understand peple frm ther cuntries can help yu experience mre(试着去了解来自其他国家的人可以帮助你体验更多)”构成转折关系，对应选项G中的hwever。故选G项。
2．D 根据下文可知，此处是指对自己的文化背景、偏见等有清醒的认知，并解决它们，故D项“解决自己的信念、价值观和个人偏见”切合文意。故选D项。
3．E 根据上文可知，此处是讲和来自不同文化背景的人交谈，故E项“不要直接问他们问题，把他们当成朋友”切合文意。故选E项。
4．F 根据上文“Be mre accepting(更加有包容性)．”可知，此处是讲对于不同要有包容性，故F项“最好的方法是承认人们是不同的，并接受这一点”切合文意。故选F项。
5．B 根据下文可知，此处是指要跳出模式化来思考，故B项“超越刻板印象”切合文意。故选B项。