人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters优秀习题

人教版必修一·U4第四课时随堂训练

（解析版）

一、单项选择（共8小题）

1. I can never understand the reason _______ he explained to me.

A．why    B．that    C．when    D．Where

2. It’s such a difficult problem _______ nobody can work out.

A．as    B．that    C．which   D．so that

3. He bought a new building ________top is different from those of the others around.

A．what    B．which   C．that    D．Whose

4. It is in the hall     can house 10,000 people     the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held.

A．which;that   B．where;that   C．which;who  D．where; whom

5. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those              lives were affected

A．whose   B．that    C．who    D．Which

6. As President, he appointed men to high government positions ________ he considered most capable, ________ some of them openly defied his authority.

A．which … as though      B．/ … though

C．which … even if      D．whom … as though

7. The movie Jurassic Park was a big hit, with its novel idea ___________ a mixture of fear and excitement into people’s hearts.

A．strikes   B．struck   C．to strike   D．Striking

8. It ________ me that nobody is in favour of the new changes.

A．catches      B．bears    C．charges      D．strikes

【答案与解析】

1. 考查定语从句。句意：我不明白他向我解释的原因。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句关系词，先行词reason在从句中充当explain的宾语，应用关系代词which/that，故选B项。
2. 考查定语从句。句意：这是一个没人可以算出来的困难问题。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句关系词，先行词为problem，被such修饰，且在从句中充当宾语，应用关系代词as，故选A项。
3. 考查定语从句。句意：他买了一幢新楼，它的顶部和周围其他的不同。句中包含定语从句，先行词是building，_____top is different from those of the others around是定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作top的定语，指楼的顶部，用关系代词whose引导。故选D。
4. 考查定语从句和强调句。句意: 全球5G技术峰会的开幕式将在可以容纳10,000人的大厅里举行。分析句子可知，  can house 10,000 people是定语从句，修饰the hall，指物，从句中做主语，用关系代词which或that， 故排除B、D项；因为the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held in the hall是完整的句子，故是强调句型，强调地点状语 in the hall      can house 10,000 people。故第二空用that，综上，故选A。
5. 考查定语从句。句意为：这本书透过生活受到地震影响的人们的视角讲述地震的故事。本题的先行词是those表示人，定语从句的主语是lives，与先行词构成所属关系，所以应使用关系代词whose引导。故选A项。
6. 考查连词。句意：作为总统，他任命一些人担任他认为最有能力的政府要职，尽管其中一些人公然违抗他的权威。as though意为“仿佛，好像”，even if和though意为“尽管，即使”，故排除A.D项。定语从句he considered most capable修饰的应该是men，用who或whom引导。关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时，可省略。故B正确。
7. 考查with复合结构。句意：电影《侏罗纪公园》大受欢迎,其新奇的想法使某人感到惊人的恐惧和兴奋。Its novel idea和strike是主动关系，选D。
8. 考查动词词组。A. catches抓住；B. bears忍受；C. charges指控，要价；D. strikes攻击。句意：我突然想到没有人赞成这些新变化。固定句式：It strikes sb. that---，“某人突然想起”，故选D。

二、单词拼写（共5小题）

1. An active volcano may e_________ at any time. 
2. A generation ago, it was thought that babies born this small could not ________（存活）.
3. They've switched off the _______（电源）.
4. The government has declared a state of ___________（紧急）.
5. We'll d________ the goods as soon as we can.

【答案与解析】

1. erupt;   2.survive;   3.power;   4.emergency;   5.deliver

三、语篇语法填空（共10小题）

Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand. They are often 1．      thick that you cannot see the sun and the wind sometimes has such 2．     (strong) to move sand dunes. A typical example of sandstorms is the Dust Bowl of the 1930s in the United States. It was the 3．     (bad) sandstorm disaster in the history of the United States. For nearly ten years dust blew on the southern plains of America, 4．     caused serious results. People couldn’t breathe when they went outside and 5．     (child) wore dust masks to school. The sky 6．     (be) often dark for days. Over five million acres of land became desert during the Dust Bowl, 7．     (force) 200,000 people to leave their homes.

The disaster 8．     (cause) by bad farming methods and several years 9．      very little rainfall made things worse. The land dried up and the wind blew the soil away. 10．     took over thirty years to reverse the process and replant the land.

【答案与解析】

1. 考查固定句型。句意：它们通常很厚，以至于你看不到太阳，而风有时也要有如此大的力量来移动沙丘。So …that… 如此…，以至于，引导结果状语从句，符合句意。故填so。
2. 考查名词。句意：它们通常很厚，以至于你看不到太阳，而风有时也要有如此大的力量来移动沙丘。Have后缺少名词作宾语，应把strong变为名词。故填strength。
3. 考查形容词最高级。句意：这是美国历史上最严重的沙尘暴灾害。根据前一句沙尘暴的一个典型例子是美国上世纪30年代的沙尘暴，可推断是最严重的一次，应把bad变为最高级形式。故填worst。
4. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：近十年来，美国南部平原上刮起了灰尘，造成了严重的后果。空中应指代前一个句子，并在本句中做主语，因此缺少非限制性定语从句的连接代词。故填which。
5. 考查名词。句意：当他们外出时，人们无法呼吸，孩子们带着防尘面具上学。Child为可数名词，故应变为复数形式。故填children。
6. 考查时态。句意：天空常常几天都是黑暗的。描述的是当时最严重的一次沙尘暴期间的景象，应用一般过去时。故填was。
7. 考查现在分词。句意：在沙尘暴期间，超过500万英亩的土地变成了沙漠，迫使20万人离开家园。force在这里做状语，同主语之间是主动的关系，应该用现在分词。故填forcing。
8. 考查时态和语态。句意：这场灾难是由恶劣的耕作方式造成的，几年来降雨量很少，使情况变得更糟。描述的是沙尘暴发生期间，时态为一般过去时，主语和cause之间还是被动的关系。故填was caused。
9. 考查介词。句意：这场灾难是由恶劣的耕作方式造成的，几年来降雨量很少，使情况变得更糟。这里with表示带有，具有，符合句意。故填with。
10. 考查固定句型。句意：花了三十多年的时间才改变了这一进程，重新种植了这块土地。It takes some time to do… 花费多少时间去做某事为固定句型。故填it。

四、书面表达（共1小题）

Most of the survivors have to stay in the open area overnight after a 7.1-magnitude quake toppled (使倒塌)houses, cut off power and first-aid materials supply in northwest China’s Qinghai Province Wednesday while rescuers face difficulties in searching for the buried.

Rescuers have set up more than 40 tents for survivors in the Gyegu Town, near the epicenter (震中) in the Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Yushu in southern Qinghai. But the effort seems far less than enough for the area inhabited by some 100,000 people.

Many people sought temporary shelters in buildings that remained unaffected by the tremor (轻微地震).

In the yard of Yushu’s Sports Committee, nearly 1,000 people were sitting or lying on the ground in sheer (完全的, 十足的) darkness. Some wrapped themselves up with quilts taken out from the debris (碎片, 残骸).

Some brought their own tents and others turned on the lights of motorcycles.

“I’m hungry and thirsty. We’ve been waiting for help since the morning,” said Zhaxi Toinzhub.

The woman said her three children were still buried in the rubble (碎石, 瓦砾).

The National Meteorological Station forecast Wednesday that temperatures may hit minus 3 degrees Celcius at night and 15 degrees Celcius in the daytime in the coming days.

The town would see strong winds and sunny weather in the coming days, providing favorable conditions for rescue operations.

The town is located in a remote area in Qinghai and the quake and ensuing (随后的) landslides have damaged roads, causing great difficulties for rescuers and, especially, machines from outside to enter the region.

“Rescuers had to dig with bare hands or iron sticks Wednesday, looking forward to the arrival of digging machines,” said a rescuer surnamed Wang, who was working at a collapsed hostel.

“The searching operation became even harder at night without lighting facilities,” he said.

In addition, rescuers may easily get exhausted working at a place with an altitude (海拔) of above 4,000 meters.

Thousands of rescuers and medical staff are rushing to Yushu from many regions of China, bringing machines, disaster-relief materials and medicines to the quake-hit town. Governments, organizations, enterprises and individuals are offering donations of money and materials to the region.

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【参考范文】

A terrible earthquake which happened in the Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Yushu in southern Qinghai caused great damage.(要点1)The earthquake affected about 100,000 people and lots of houses and roads there became in ruins after the earthquake. (要点2) Governments, organizations, enterprises and individuals went all out to fight against the terrible disaster, supplying the disaster-stricken areas with donations of money and materials.(要点3)