所属成套资源:中考英语专区
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- 人教版初中英语名词填空历年中考题 学案 4 次下载
初中英语语法中考一轮复习资料(通用)
展开初中英语语法讲解 在中考单项选择试题中,除了时态,名词的考查频率也较高。一般考查以下几点: 一、可数名词与不可数名词可数在名词与不可数名词上一般出现这样几类,(1)分辨是哪一类名词,并根据结论做选择。(2)可数名词复数的不规则变化。(3)不可数名词的量化表达。所以,考生首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词,哪些是不可数名词。其次,还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则。可数名词的变化规则一般是在单词后面加-s 或-es,如:1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianoshat---hats bag---bags photo---photos2bus---buses box---boxes watch---watches brush---brushes3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoeshero---heroes Negro---Negroes4 leaf---leaves knife---knives5baby---babies family---families另外,还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式,如:Chinese---Chinese Japanese---JapaneseEnglishman---Englishmen Frenchman---FrenchmenRussian---Russians American---Americans German --- Germanschild---children foot---feet man---men woman---women tooth---teeth goose --- geesedeer---deer sheep---sheep还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有: a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of 另外,大家应注意:单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化:单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数,意义上都是复数,因此,一般要与复数谓语动词连用,例如:Class Five have a foreign friend. 五班有一位外国朋友。(这里的五班指五班的同学的。)His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。(很显然,这里的family指家庭成员。)当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时, 意义上则是单数,因此,要与单数谓语动词连用。例如,Our school team often plays well in our city. 我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。(这里的team 指整个队,但意义上仍为单数,故谓语动词用plays. 二、名词所有格名词所有格有两种形式:一是加’s,一种是用of来表示。一般情况下,指某人的某物用’s表示,而指某物的什么用of 短语来表示。另外,要注意凡是以s结尾的名词或规则名词的复数,不能直接加’s,而应该加-’即可。例如,boys’ clothes girls’ dresses。 不过,注意例外情况,例如, the boss’s handwriting,其中the boss’s 的-’s不可省略。因为在英语中,如果以-s 或-ss 结尾的名词不是复数复数形式,那么其名词所有格仍加-'s。那么你会说“琼斯的小汽车”吗?对,Jones’s car。下面我们来做一部分习题。1. June 1st is ___ Day.A. Child’s B. Childs’ C. Childrens’ D. Children’s答案:D2. I need ___ paper, Mum. I want to write ___ letter to my English teacher.A. any, some B. some, a C. a, some D. some,any答案:B3. There are two ___ and three ___ on the table.A. knifes, forks B. knifes, fork C. knives, forkes D. knives, forks答案:D4. We have got a lot of___ today.A. newspaper to read B. homework to do C. homeworks to doD. book to read答案:B5. We could see __ children and hear ___ noise in the park.A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. much, many答案:C6. Will you pass me ___?A. a few pieces of chalk B. a few chalks C. a few of chalks D. some chalks答案:A7. ___ has been invited to the dancing party.A. A friend of her B. A friend of hers C. Friends of hers D. Friends of her答案:B形容词讲解及练习1. 特殊用法:2. already,yet,stillalready一般用于肯定句,也可用于预料能得到肯定回答的疑问句中,表示某事已发生;yet一般用于否定句或疑问句中位于句末,意为“还,已经”;still一般用于肯定句,也可用于疑问句,意为“仍然,还”。I have already read the book./ We haven’t made speeches yet./ Is my skirt dry yet?/ I still hope to get some advice from you on my studies.3. too,also,as well,either前三者意思相近,一般不用于否定句中,否定句中用either。Too常位于名末,也紧接在主语后面;also一般用于肯定句和疑问句中,位于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后,实义动词之前;as well一般位于句末;either也一般位于句末。They grow cotton, too./ He his also interested in computers./ He is a teacher, and a poet as well./ You didn’t go and she didn’t go, either.4. faily,rather,quiteA三者都可以修饰形容词和副词,都有“相当”的意思,但failry词义最弱,quite稍强,rather最强。Fairly一般表示肯定、褒义,rather有时表示否定、贬义。It is fairly cool today. It is rather cold today.B quite和rather可以修饰动词,而fairly不能。 I don’t quite understand what you said./ I rather like the song.5. so,neither,norso可用在“so+助动词+主语”的倒装结构中,表示“也”,位置在助动词前,so的这种用法只能在肯定句里面;在否定句中用neither或nor,结构相同,表示“也不”。He has seen the film. So have I .Jim doesn’t like the novel. Neither (Nor) does Linda.6. ago, beforeA “时间段+ago”表示从现在往前推算的“一段时间以前”,而“时间段+before”表示从过去某时刻再往前推算的“一段时间以前”。因此,前者常与一般过去时连用,后者常与过去完成时连用。He bought a violin a week ago. From his letter I knew that he had bought a violin a week beforeB before可表示不确定的过去,而ago则不能: Have you been there before?7. very, much, very muchvery可修饰形容词及副词,不能直接修饰动词,修饰动词时,要用much或very much;much除了修饰动词外,还可修饰形容词或副词的比较级及过去分词;very much也可修饰过去分词:The novel is very good./ This novel is much better than that one. / Her Japanese is improved very much.8. 像afraid, alive, awake, asleep, alone以“a”开头的形容词,一般不能用very修饰,可用much 修饰。9. deep与deeply都可作副词,但意义不同:deep指的是深浅的“深”,如:dig deep。Deeply的意思是“涂地、深刻地、深厚地”,有引申含义。如:We are deeply moved by his deeds.10. high与highly都可作副词,但意义不同。High指的是高低的“高”,如:jump high;highly的意思是“高度地,高贵地”,有引申含义。如:She is highly praised.11. not是副词,不能直接修饰名词,no是形容词,能位于名词前作定语,有时no=not any。如: I have no brothers=I do not have any brothers12. 某人或某物在与同类比较时,某人或某物应排除在被比者之外:Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. Shanghai is larger than any of the other cities in China.13 用最高级时,主语本身应包括在最高级所指的范围之中。He is the oldest of all the classmates.【知识与能力要求】二【代词】是重点 基础 好好记1.人称代词人称代词it的特殊用法:一般it指“它”,但在表示天气、时间、距离等时,用it来代替,此时的it并不译为“它”。当三个人称代词(单数)同时出现时,其先后顺序为you,he,I。而复数一般采用we,you,they顺序。 2.物主代词物主代词的用法:形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词。 名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。3.反身代词 1)反身代词的构成分两种:第一、二人称反身代词在形容词:性物主代词后加上self或selves,第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves.2)反身代词的用法:一种是作宾语,由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。如:I enjoyed myself at the party.另一种是作名词或代词的同位语;用来加强语气。如:I can do it myself.3)初中阶段由反身代词构成的常用词组有:enjoy oneself,help oneself to,learn by oneself,teach oneself,(all)by oneself,leave...by oneself,lose oneself in等,在运用反身代词时,应注意它在数、性别上与哪一个保持一致。试比较:“Help yourselves to some fish,Tom and Mike.”与I can’t leave the girl by herself.指示代词 指示代词的特殊用法:(1)为了避免重复,可用that,those代替前面提到过的名词,但是this,these不可以。(2)this,that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。 不定代词主要不定代词的用法:(1)one的用法A. one作为代词可以指人,也可以指物。B. one,ones (one的复数形式) 可用来代替前面出现过的少数名词,以避免重复。C. one的前面可用this,that,the,which等词来修饰。D. 常有a+形容词+one这一形式。it和one的用法区别:it用来指特定的东西,而one则用于替代不特定的东西。(2)some和any的用法区别A. some,any可与单、复数可数名词和不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。B. some,any与—thing,—body,—one构成的合成词的用法与some,any一样。C.在疑问句中,一般不用some,只有当问句表示一种邀请或者请求,或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用some。D. some在否定句中表示半否定,any表示全否定。E.some用于单数可数名词前,表示“某个”而不是“一些”。(3)other,another的用法A. another=another"另一个”,泛指众多者中的另一个,在原有基础上自然增加的另一个。一般后面接单数名词,前面不能加定冠词。有时another可以用在复数名词前表示“又”“再”,如: I want to have another two cakes.我想再吃两个蛋糕。B.the other表示两个中的另一个,常与one连用。常见形式是“one...the other...”。 C. other+复数名词=others D. the other+复数名词=the others 翻译成“另一些”(4) a11、both的用法both表示“两者都……”,而a11表示“三个或三个以上的人或物都……”。a11、both在句中放在be动词,情态动词及助动词之后,放在实义动词之前。(5) each和every的用法A. each用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个。every则指两个以上的人或物中的一个。B. 从含义和语法功能上看,each是“单个”的意思,侧重个体,在句中可作主语、同位语、定语和宾语。而every是“每一个”之意,侧重全体、整体、共性。在句中只能作定语,也就是说它后面必须跟着名词。而由every构成的合成词后面绝不能跟名词。(6)either,neither,both的用法either:指两者中的任意一个。作主语谓语用单数。neither:指两者都不,全否定。作主语谓语用单数。 both:指两者都。作主语谓语用复数。 (7)many和muchmany只能和复数可数名词连用。much只能和不可数名词连用。注意:a lot of/lots of / plenty of=much/manya large/great number of=manya great/good deal of=much(8)few,a few,little,a littlefew,little表示否定含义,“很少”“几乎没有”;a few,a little表示肯定含义,有一些”。few,a few用在可数名词前,little,a little用在不可数名词前。【冠词】1.定冠词的特殊用法A.用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。B. 用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前。C用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面。D.用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。E.用在姓氏的复数形式前面,表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。F.用在乐器名称前。G. 和某些形容词连用,表示某一类人或事物。2.名词前不用冠词的情况A. 在专有名词 (包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节) 、物质名词和抽象名词前—般不用冠词。但在以Festival组成的民间节日前要加the。B. 表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。C. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时,不用冠词。D. 三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词。正在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。(sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌边go to school去上学;go to the school去那所学校;in hospital住院;in the hospital在那个医院里3.Hundreds(thousands,millions)of……用法。【形容词,副词】形容词1.形容词的位置(1)形容词作定语一般要放在名词前面,但当形容词修饰不定代词something,nothing,anything时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后。如:something important,nothing serious。(2)当形容词带有表示度量的词或词组作定语或表语时,定语或表语要后置。如:We have dug a hole two meters deep.The hole is about two metres deep.2.形容词的比较等级(1) 单音节词和少数双音节词,在词尾加—(e)r,—(e)st来构成比较级和最高级。其他双音节词和多音节词,形容词有点长的在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级。如:popular———more popular———most popularimportant—more important—most important(2) 不规则变化原级 比较级 最高级good better bestwellbad worse worstillold older oldestelder eldestmany more mostmuchlittle less leastfar farther farthestfurther furthest 3. 形容词比较级的用法形容词比较级通常可分为原级、比较级、最高级三种基本形式,具体而言,它们分别以下列形式出现在句中:它们分别以下列形式出现在句中:(1)as+原级+as(2)比较级+than(3)the+最高级+of (in)... 需注意的原级的用法: (1)否定结构有A..。not as+形容词原级+as B及A...not so +形容词原级+as B两种结构。(2)表示倍数有...times as+形容词原级+as的句型。如:This garden is ten times as large as that one.This room is twice as large as that one.(3)half as+形容词原级+as表示“……的一半”。如:This book is half as thick as that one.需注意的比较级的用法:(1)than后面接代词时,一般要用主格,但在口语中工也可换成me。(2)比较级前还可以用much,even,still,a little来修饰。(3)表示倍数时,试比较Our room is twice as large as theirs. 我们的房间是他们的两倍那样大。 Our room is twice larger than theirs. 我们的房间比他们的大两倍。(4) I’ m two years older than you. 我比你大两岁。(5)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。如: He becomes fatter and fatter.(6)"The+比较级…,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”。如:The busier he is,the happier he feels.他越忙就越高兴。 需注意的最高级的用法:(1)常见结构有:“of+复数意义的词”表示“在……之中的”,“在……中”;“in+范围、场所”表示“在……之中”。如:He is the tallest“all the boys”.China is the greatest in the world.副词1.副词比较级的构成 和形容词差不多 一样理解吧(1) 单音节副词和个别双音节副词通过加-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。(2) 绝大多数副词借助more,most来构成比较级和最高级。(3) 少数副词的不规则变化:原级 比较级 最高级well better bestbadly worse worstmuch more mostlittle less leastfar farther farthestfarthest furthestlate later latest【介词】一些容易混淆的介词1.表示时间的at、on、in的用法区别at主要表示: (1)在某具体时刻之前,如at seven o’ clock,at 7:30。 (2)在固定短语中,如:at noon,at night,at that time,at the age of at the weekend,at Christmas。 On用来表示“在……天”,比较具体的,如:On Monday,On May lst,On Children’s Day。in用来表示: (1)在某年、某月、某季节。 (2)在—段时间之后,如:in two hours,in a few days。 注意:在纯粹地表示在上午/下午/晚上时,用in the morning/afternoon/evening,但在某一天的上午、下午、晚上前要用介词on。如:on Monday morning,on the morning of Children’ s Day。2. 表示地点的at,in,on的用法区别(1) at通常指小地方,in一般指大地方。(2) at 所指范围不太明确,in指“在……里”。(3) in指在内部,on指“在……之上”。3.表示“一段时间”的for与since的用法区别 for后面接时间段,例如,some times , since之后接时间点,例如某天,某月,某年等。4.表示时间的before与by的用法区别 before与by都可表示“在……之前”,但by含有“不迟于……”、“到……为止”的意思。如果by后是将来的时间,则与将来时连用,若by后是过去的时间,则与过去完成时连用。 5.over与above(under与below)over,above都表示“在……的上面”,over表示“正上方”,而above只表示“在上方”但不一定在“正上方”。above还可表示温度、水位等“高于”,over还可表示“越过……”。over的反义词是under,above的反义词是below.例如: There is a bridge over the riverOur plane flew above the clouds.6.表示“用”的with,by,in的用法with多指用工具,用身体的部位或器官;by表示使用的方法、手段;in指使用某种语言。如:We see with our eyes.We go there by bike.Please say it out in English.He cut it open with a knife.介词的省略表示时间介词at, on, in 的省略(1) 在 next, last, this, these, today, yesterday, tomorrow, one, every, each, all等词前,一般不用 at, in, on.(2) 在某些名词词组前,可以省略(也可不省)如: (on) that day, (in)the year before last常见搭配1.动词+介词,如:listen to, laugh at, write to, hear from, get to, look at, shout at, shout to, knock at, look for, look at, ask for, wait for, get on, get to, put on, turn on, operate on, take off, turn off, learn from, worry about ... 2.形容词+介词,如:afraid of, full of, angry with, strict with, busy with, good at, good/bad for, late for, sorry for, ready for, famous for, polite to, far from... 3.名词+介词 / 介词+名词key to, visit to, at home, in surprise, after class, for ever, on time, at last, at first, for example...【名词】[例1](1)—How far is your school from here?—Not very far. It's about twenty ______ walk.A. minute's B. minutes’ C. minutes D. minute(2)It is about ______ from the school to my home.A. ten minutes walk B. ten minutes’ walkC. ten minutes’ s walk D. ten minute’s walk分析 上述两题考查名词所有格的构成及用法。由句意可知空格处所填内容是表示距离的名词,选项中的名词minute和walk存在所有关系,因此必须用名词的所有格。名词所有格的’s也可以加在一个短语之后,若该短语最后一个名词的词尾是-s,则只加“’’。如:an hour’s ride, two weeks’ time。因而(1)、(2)小题答案均为B。[例2] Have you seen ______ at the foot of the hill? A. any sheep B. some sheeps C. any sheeps D. some sheep分析 此题考查名词复数的特殊例子。sheep的单复数同形;any一般用在疑问句和否定句里,some用在肯定句里。答案为A[例3]—Who is the man in the blue car?—He is ______father. A. Kate's and Mary's B. Kate and Mary's C. Kate and Mary D. of Kate and Mary分析 本题考查名词所有格的构成及方法。两个并列的所有格,只给第二个名词加“’s”。[例4] (哈尔滨市,2003)---Where is Tom?--- He’ s left a saying that he has something important to do.A. excuse B. message C. exercise D. news分析 此题考查名词的用法,由a知道选项A、C、D不行,故选B。答案 选B解后反思 an excuse(一个借口),an exercise(一个练习)……,news(新闻)是不可数名词。[例5] (天津市,2003)He had something to write down and asked me for A. a paper B. some papers C. some pieces of papers D. a piece of paper分析 此题考查不可数名词的用法。Paper作“纸”讲时是不可数名词,故A、B、C可排除。答案:选D解后反思 paper当“试卷”、“文件”讲时是可数名词。类似的词还有:fish,chicken等。【代词】[例1] 用所给词的适当形式填空。1)This isn’t _______ (I) book, it must be _______ (you). 2)Is there any milk in the bottle? Yes, there is ______ (little). 分析 第1小题第一空要用形容词性物主代词my,用于修饰名词book,第二空则要用名词性物主代词yours,相当于your book。第2小题应用a little表示肯定:“有一点儿”。[例2] There are many trees on________ of the road. A. both side B. each sides C. both sides D. every side 分析 此题主要考查不定代词both, each和every的用法。both为“两者”(都)”,作定语时,其后接复数名词;作主语时,要用复数谓语动词。either为“两者中间的任何一个(的)”,作定语时,后接单数可数名词;作主语时,要用单数谓语动词。every意为“每个(的)”,作定语,只用于三者或三者以上。又因马路road(rive,street等)只有两侧,所以正确答案只能是C。[例3] 1) “Help ______ to some mooncakes, Han Meimei said to the twins.A. you B. oneself C. yourself D. yourselves 2) —Put on your clothes when you go out.—Thank you. Mum. I can look after______.A. me B.I C. ourselves D. myself 分析 这是一组考查反身代词用法的试题。反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语和同位语,不能单独使用、不能替代主格代词,但可用在主格代词后以加强语气。还常用于某些短语中,如:by oneself独自,enjoy oneself 玩得愉快,teach oneself 自学,help oneself to…随便吃(用)……等。因此上二题答案均为D。例4] (广东省,2003)There is with my computer. It doesn’ t work.A. nothing wrong B. anything wrong C. wrong something D. something wrong分析 本题考查形容词与不定代词的位置关系,形容词修饰不定代词应放在不定代词之后,而anything用于否定句和疑问句,由It doesn’ t work知选D。答案:D解后反思 考虑词的使用范围并结合语境是解决本题的关键。【冠词】[例1] 选择填空1)Give me_______, please. A. a cup tea B. two cup of tea C. two cup D. two cups of tea 2)The teacher passed me _____ paper. A. a piece B. a piece of C. piece of D. a pair of 第1小题主要考查学生对可数名词与不可数名词的掌握情况,tea是不可数名词,不能用数量词直接修饰,但可以用容器表示量,表容器的名词可变为复数形式,即可以说two cups of tea,此题选D。第2小题答案选B。paper一词是不可数的,要表示“一张纸”,英语应为a piece of paper,不能说a paper。[例2] _____ delicious food you have cooked! A. How a B. How C. What a D. What分析 不定冠词表示数量,类似“-”,修饰单数可数名词。不可数名词前不可用a、an修饰。在感叹句“What a/an+ adj.+ n.+(主+谓)!”结构中,名词必是单数可数名词。若是不可数名词应用“What+ adj.+ n.+(主+谓)!”结构。句中food是不可数名词,故答案为D。[例3] (1)We always have______ rice for ______lunch. A. /; / B. the; / C. /; a D. the; the (2)It’s half past four in the afternoon. The students are playing _____ basketball now. A. / B. an C. a D. the 分析 下列情况不用任何冠词:1)专用名词(John、England)、物质名词(food,rice,water)等前;2)一日三餐的名词前;3)在表示球类运动的名词前。因此第(1)小题正确答案应为A;第(2)小题答案为A。[例4] (天津市,2003)---What’ s the matter with you?----I caught bad cold and had to stay in bedA.a, / B. a, the C. a, a D. the, the]分析 本题考查冠词的用法和习惯表达。躺在床上译为stay in bed,而感冒译为catch cold或catch a cold,但cold有形容词修饰时则a不可省略。答案:选A【数词】[例1] 1) ______ books must he-produced for the children.A. Many thousands B. Many thousands ofC. Many thousand of D. Many thousand2) We've planted ______ trees in the centre of our city this year.A. hundred B. tow hundreds C. hundred of D .hundreds of分析本题考查数词的用法。当 thousand或 hundred做数词时,前面一般加数来修饰,其本身没有数的变化,且后不跟of。当它们做名词时,其复数形式为thousands和hundreds,且构成thousands of和hundreds of,后接可数名词的复数形式。答案分别为 B、D[例2] About ____ of the workers in the clothes factory are women. A. third fifths B. third fifth C. three fifths D. three fifth 分析 此题主要考查英语的分数表示法。分子用基数词,分母用序数词。当分子大于1时,分母的序数词后需加“s”。例如:1/3 one third;2/3:two thirds. 通过分析A、B、D三项均错,答案为C。[例3] July is ________ month of the year.A. seven B. the seventh C. eight D. the eighth序数词用来表示数目的顺序,七月份是一年中的第七个月,第七个月的正确表达为the seventh month,所以此题的正确答案为B。例4] (重庆市,2003)My favourite is getting stamps. I need before I have 2500 ones.A. more one B. any more C. one more D. more than分析 此题考查数词与more相结合的用法,数词+more表示还有(要)……,在此正好符合题意。答案:选C解后反思 more than是“多于”之意,any more用于否定句表示“不再”。【形容词、副词】[例1] In the exam, the ______ you are, the ______ mistakes you'll make.A. careful; little B. more careful; lessC. more careful; few D. more careful; fewer分析 “the+比较级……,the+比较级……”这个句型结构的意思是“越……就越……”或“愈是……则愈是……”。此结构中的比较级可以是形容词,也可以是副词。答案D[例2] I’m not sure whether Mary can sing ________ Mabel. A. as well as B. as good as C. so good as D. as better as 分析 此题考查了两个知识点:(1)副词和形容词用法的区别:(2)as…as句式。句中谓语动词是行为动词,应选副词。B、C项应排除. as…as中间应用副词或形容词原级,所以答案应为A。[例3] Let’s hope the things can get______. A. better and better B. well and well C. good and good D. best and best 分析 答案为A。两个比较级并列在一起,表示“越来越……”之意,此句主要考查比较级特殊句型“more and more”结构,该句式表示持续不断变化,其动词常是become, be, get, grew等,又如:Spring has come. It is getting warmer and warmer.[例4] (甘肃省,2003)I am I want a piece of breadA. full B. hungry C. tired D. thirsty分析 此题在语境中考查形容词的用法。由后句意“我要一块面包”说名与“饿”有关,故选B。答案:选B。[例5] (天津市,2003)In our city,it’ s in July, nut it is even in August.A. hotter, hottest B. hot, hot C. hotter, hot D. hot, hotter分析 此题考查形容词及比较级的用法。前空应填原级,后空有even修饰要用比较级,故选D。答案:选D解后反思 如下几个形容词的比较级和最高级要双写最后的辅音字母再加-er或-est。big-bigger-biggest,hot-hotter-hottest,fat-fatter-fattest,thin-thinner-thinnest,wet-wetter-wettest。简记为:大(big),热(hot),湿纸(wet),谁(肥,fat)瘦(thin)?(利用谐音记)[例6] (山西省太原市,2002)The little girl likes animals. When she heard I would take her to the zoo, she looked at me.A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily分析 由句意知C、D可以排除,又此句中look at是行为动词而不是连系动词,故选B答案:B解后反思 形容词和副词都具有修饰作用,但是各自修饰的对象不同,形容词修饰名词,作定语,或在连系动词后作表语。而副词修饰行为动词,形容词或副词作状语。【介词】[例1] 用正确的介词填空。1)The little girl is looking________ her mother.2)Thank you ________ your help.3)Don't read ________ bed.4)Tom comes ________ the USA.第1小题要填for,因为look for是一个固定词组,表示寻找的行为。第 2小题填 for,既可说 Thanks for…也可以说 Thank you for…,for后接名词。第3小题填 in。表示“在床上”in bed,一般不说 on bed。第 4小题come from一个固定短语,意思相当于be from,表示“来自…”。[例2] China lies_______ the east of Asia and ______ the east of Japan. A. in; on B. to; to C. to; in D. in; to 解析 表示方位的介词in, on, to意义各不相同。在范围内的地方用in。China属于Asia范围内,故先用in;不在范围内的地方用to,若两地相连,则要用介词on, China和Japan不属同一范围且有海相隔,故选择to。因此答案为D。比较级+and+比较级(越来越…)When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.She is making greater and greater progress.the +比较级,the+比较级(越…,越…)The richer a country is, the better the people’s life will be.国家越富,人民的生活就越好。all the+比较级(格外…,越发…)The teacher feels all the happier for his diligence.老师因他的勤奋而感到格外高兴。none the+比较级(毫不,一点也不)She looks none the better for her holiday.她度假后看上去身体一点也没有好转。no more than=only(仅仅)not more than=at most(最多,不多于)His grandpa’s whole school education added up to no more than two years.他的祖父所受的全部教育加起来不过才两年。There are not more than thirty people in the hall.大厅里最多30人。no more…than(和…一样不…)not more…than(不像…那样)This book is no more attractive than that one.这本书和那本书一样不吸引人。This book is not more attractive than that one.这本书不像那本书那样吸引人。no less than=as much as(多达)not less than=at least(至少)She has no less than eight watches.她有8块手表之多。She has not less than eight watches.她至少有8块手表。no less…than=as…as(和…一样)He is no less clever than you.他和你一样聪明。不用比较级形容的比较:senior比…大,junior比…小,superior比…好,inferior比…差She is three years senior to her brother.她比弟弟大3岁。I an inferior to him in mathematics.我的数学不如他。1.掌握所学单词的形态变化。2.掌握简单句的五种基本句型,四笔头练习基本正确。3.能理解不复杂的、含有状语从句或宾语从句的复合句。4.掌握动词的五种基本时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时)的基本用法。5.掌握一般现在时(包括含有情态动词的一般现在时)、一般过去时的被动语态的基本用法。6.掌握动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和状语的用法(作主语和定语的用法只要求理解)。(依据第一人称对应)主格宾格物主代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词(表示自己)第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves