新概念英语第二册课件Lesson21（共53页）

这是一份新概念英语第二册课件Lesson21（共53页），共53页。PPT课件主要包含了Pre-task，被动语态构成等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Hw des the writer feel abut aerplanes? What has made mst f his neighburs leave their hmes? Why des peple think the writer is mad?
☆mad adj. 发疯be mad/crazy abut:为……而疯狂be mad at sbeg:Dn't be mad at him。 别怪他（不关他的事）。g+adj:变得g mad/crazy/insane/bananasDn't fight with him, he is a mad man.别跟他打架, 他是疯子。
☆sum n.量大量：a great many/a great number f+可数名词复数a sum f:一笔a large sum f:大量的，喜欢跟钱连用a large sum f mneya large amunt f:许多plenty f（注意：前面没有a）足够的
sum名词 n. [C]1.总数,总和,总计[the S][(+f)]She paid the sum f $200 fr dresses. 她买衣服总共花了二百元钱。 2.【数】和[the S][(+f)]3.金额;一笔[(+f)]He earned a large sum f mney. 他赚了一大笔钱。 4.概要;要点[the S][(+f)]5.算术题;运算The by is gd at ding a sum in his head. 这男孩善于心算。
及物动词 vt. 1.计算...的总和[(+up)]2.总结;概括;概述[(+up)]The stry may be summed up in ne sentence. 该故事可以用一句话来概括。 不及物动词 vi. 1.共计[(+t/int)]
☆determined adj. determined adj. 坚定的，下决心的I am determined t stay here.我决定留在这儿。　 be determined t d sth. 决心做某事　　 v.determine n 决定　　 v.determine upn 决定　determine sb. against sth. 使 某人决定不做某事 determine sb. t d sth. 使某人决定做某事
decide和determine 之间的区别：　　都有“决定”的意思。　　 decide 指“经过询问、研讨和考虑之后, 在几种可能的选择之中作出决定”,decide 最为普通： 如:　　 She decided t leave here n Sunday instead f Mnday.　　 她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。
determine指“决心作某一件事而不动摇”, 常涉及范围比较狭小的问题： 如:　　 We have determined t get the wrk dne ahead f schedule.　　 我们已经决定要提前完成这项工作。
decided常与t, that, n, abut用，表示决心；决定 ；　　 t decide where t g　　 决心去哪儿　　而与between, fr, angainst, in favr f, that连用，表示判断，判决　　 The judge will decide the case tmrrw.　　 法官将于明天对案子进行判决。
reasn [’ri:zən] n.原因fr this reasn:由于这个原因Fr what reasn? 是为了什麽原因？bring sb. t reasn 使某人讲理
Aerplanes are slwly driving me mad.
☆drive sb mad:逼某人发疯例：Smetimes it's enugh t drive yu mad if yu are stuck in a traffic jam during the rush hur. 有时在交通高峰期被困足以使人发疯 The nise utside is driving me mad.
I live near an airprt and passing planes can be heard night and day.
1、passing planes：现在分词做定语 sleeping baby:正在睡觉的小孩 waiting car:正在等待的2、day and night: 日日夜夜例句：I will sit by her bedside day and night. 我会日夜守在她的床边。
The airprt was built years ag,but fr sme reasn it culd nt be used then.
fr sme reasn:由于某种原因sme+可数名词单数：某一 sme bksme+可数名词复数：一些 sme bkssme+不可数名词：一些 sme water例句：He was late fr schl fr sme reasn. 由于某种原因，他上学迟到了！He didn't tell me the answer fr sme reasn. 由于某种原因，他没有告诉我答案!
Last year,hwever,it came int use。
cme int use:投入使用cme int:进入得到、获得财富
1、They put this methd int use。2、This methd cmes int use。3、This methd is put int use。
Over a hundred peple must have been driven away frm their hmes by the nise.
hme:家，强调有感情；huse仅仅指房子课本：94页
Smetimes I think this huse will be kncked dwn by a passing plane。
不及物动词 vi. 1.相撞,碰击[(+against)]His legs kncked against the chair. 他的两条腿撞到了椅子。 2.敲,击,打[(+n/at)]He kncked at the dr and entered. 他敲了敲门便走进去了。 3.(发动机等由于故障)发爆震声
及物动词 vt. 1.敲,击,打[O]The falling bttle kncked him n the head. 跌落的瓶子砸在他的头上。 2.击(撞)成...[O][O8]The blw kncked her senseless. 那一击把她打昏了。 3.【口】批评,贬损The critic kncked her latest nvel.
knck at the dr; knck敲门 knck dwn; knck ver撞倒
今天我们要讲由knck这个词发展而成的习惯用语。我们先要谈的习惯法是: knckut。 Knckut最常用的意思是把一个人打倒在地、不省人事，但是knckut在俚语中却可以解释叫人心醉神迷的人或物，可能是一幅美不胜收的画，也可能是一部扣人心弦的电影，更可能是俊男美女。例：1. He married a real knckut, ne f the mst beautiful wmen I have ever seen!他娶了个大美人。我还没见过有比她更漂亮的女人！
我们再来学一个习惯用语: knck yur scks ff。 Sck是袜子。这个习惯用语的出典可能是什么特别精彩的事情让你兴奋得上蹦下跳，以至脚上袜子也跳得掉了下来，引申为“令人兴奋不已的好事”。例：2. I tell yu that mvie I saw last night is fantastic, the best I've seen in years. G see it - I guarantee it'll knck yur scks ff!告诉你我昨晚看的那电影棒极了。我有好几年没看过这样精彩的片子。你得去看，保证会让你激动万分。
I have been ffered a large sum f mney t g away,but I am determined t stay here.
及物动词 vt. 1.给予,提供;拿出,出示[O1][(+t)]He ffered me a glass f wine. 他端给我一杯酒。 2.愿意;试图(做某事);提议[Y][+t-v]They ffered t help me. 他们表示愿意帮助我。 He ffered t lend me sme bks. 他表示要借给我几本书。 3.出(价);开(价)[O1]We ffered him the calculatr fr US$50. 这计算器我们向他开价五十美元。
动词语态英语动词有两种语态主动语态：主语是动作的执行者被动语态：主语是动作的承受者Many peple speak English.(主动语态)English is spken by many peple.(被动语态)
Read the fllwing sentences1.It is called a ’s it made f?3.Which language is spken by the largest number f peple in the is used very widely as a freign language,5.Silk is prduced in are bananas grwn?
二。模仿上列句子连词成句
Silk, prduce, in Hangzhu.Cars, make, in Tianjin. tea, grw, in Fujian.English, speak, in Australia.Glass, prduce, in Germany.Ships, make , in Japan.
被动语态构成
助动词+及物动词的过去分词 （ be + P.P.)
以see为例，比较主动语和态被动语态的结构形式
肯定句，否定句及疑问句如下。
Cars are made in Changchun. Cars are nt made in Changchun. ---Are cars made in Changchun? (---Yes, they are./N,they aren’t.) Where are cars made? p26
Read text-2
When can we use the passive vice?
不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动 作的执行者时。
My bike was stlen last night. 昨晚我的自行车被偷了。Letters are cllected at eight every mrning. 信件每天早晨八点收取。
The desk was made by Master Wang. 这张课桌是王师傅做的。 The bag was taken away by his sister. 那个口袋是她姐姐提走的。
2. 为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。
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3. 为了更好地安排句子。
The well-knwn persn gt n the bus and was immediately recgnized by peple. （一个主语就够了） 那个名人一上车就立刻被大家认出来了。
I have a new skirt. It was given t me as a birthday present by my aunt. 我有条新裙子。它是我阿姨送给我作为生日礼物的。
4. 在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。如：
将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语。将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构。将主动语态的主语改为介词 by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。
主动语态改为被动语态的方法
将下列句子改成被动语态。1.We use English as a freign language. →
English is used as a freign language( by us)
2. Peple write business letters in English →
Business letters are written( by peple) in English.
3.They make telephne calls in English. →
Telephne calls are made( by them) in English.
4.Travelers and business peple use English. →
English is used by travelers and business.
5.Farmers grw rice in Zhejiang. →
Rice is grwn by farmers in Zhejiang.
过去 时,含情态动词的被动语态
A man killed Jack. →Han Mei fund Granny’ bks. →They built the bridge. →
Jack was killed (by a man).
Granny’ bks were fund by Han Mei.
The bridge was built .
He can answer the questin. →We must plant trees in spring. →Nurse shuld take care f the children. →
The questin can be answered (by him.)
Trees must be planted in spring.
Children shuld be taken care f.
主动语态变为被动语态时注意
含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情况: Eg He gave the by an apple. → (1)把间接宾语改为主语,直接宾语保留不变: The by was given an apple (2)把直接宾语改为主语,此时,间接宾语前要 加t或fr. An apple was given t the by. (give, pass, shw, send--- t ) (buy, draw, make, ----fr )
含双宾语的被动 My father gave me a new bk n my birthday . ----A new bk was given t me (by my father ---- I was given a new bk (by my father)….
2.不带的t不定式,改为被动语态时不定 .式前要加t .They watched the children sing. →The children were watched t sing . 3.短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,介词或副词不可遗漏.We must take gd care f the yung trees. → Yung trees must be taken gd care f.
4. 带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语. He cut his hair shrt. → His hair was cut shrt. They tld him t help me. → He was tld t help me.5. 注意: 不及物动词不能用被动语态happen ,take place, appearbut不及物动词带上介词或副词构成的短语,相当于及物动词, 后面可带宾语
take care f / lk after / take ff / lk at / send fr / lk up
Eg The ld man shuld be taken gd care f .
主动表示被动情况1 某些VI 动词表被动含义如 carry ut / lck pen / read /teach / wash / write …用来说明主语性质特征,常与 nt / hardly / well /easily / badly /nicely 等连用Meat cuts easily .The car drve easily .His nvel sells well 某些感观动词表被动含义如 feel / lk / taste / smell / sund This shirt feels much sfter than that ne.This range tastes nice .
3 某些动词表被动含义如 weigh / measure / cst / last / break ut / take place /happen
The meeting lasted tw hurs .4 get / cme / g + P.P 表示被动含义 用来强调动作结果或表示出乎意料的偶然事件. cme / g 常与否定连用They gt delayed because f the hliday traffic .The wman’s cmplaints went unnticed.
5 在 need / want / require / deserve + ding 句型中,动名词表示被动.
The garden needs watering = The garden needs t be watered .6 有些动词的不定式( blame / let / rent 用主动表被动Nbdy was t blame fr the accident .The huse is t let .7一些介词短语用作定语或表语时表被动The thief was under arrest .Apples are n sale .
将下列句子改为被动语态：
（一）We ften use a recrder in ur English class.The parents fund the by in the street. 3. We must clean the blackbard.4. I saw her reading a bk hurs ag.
A recrder is ften used( by us )in ur English class.
The by was fund (by the parents) in the street
The blackbard must be cleaned (by us).
She was seen reading a bk hurs ag.
6。Smene has stlen my bike.They are building a huse.My family will buy a cmputer next week.
My bike has been stlen .
A huse is being built .
A cmputer will be bught next week.
（二）I ften buy Mther smething.My brther gave me a bk. We can hear her sing this sng.The by’s wrds made us laugh.
Mther is ften bught smething.
Smething is ften bugh fr Mther.
I was given a bk.
A bk was given t me.
She can be heard t sing this sng.
We were made t laugh by the by’s wrds.
4. She shuld lk up the new wrds in a dictinary.5. The ld man put n a hat.
The new wrds shuld be lked up in a dictinary.
A hat was put n.
1 The silence f the library ___nly by the sund f pages being turned ver .A has been brken B breaks C brke D was brken Sarah ,hurry up ,I ‘m afraid yu wn’t have time t ___befre the party .A get changed B get change C get changing D get t change
3 Rain frests __ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear frm the earth in the near future .A cut B are cut C are being cut D had been cut 4 I need ne mre stamp befre my cllectin ___.A has cmpleted B cmpletes C has been cmpleted D is cmpleted
5 All the preparatins fr the task ___, and we are ready t start .A cmpleted B had been cmpleted C have been cmpleted D cmplete 6 Hundreds f jbs ____if the factry clses.A lst B will be lst C are lst D will lse
7 He tld us t keep a secret f the things __.A discussing B t discuss C being discussed D having discussed 8 The mayr f Beijing says that all cnstructin wrk fr the Beijing Olympics __by 2006 .A has been cmpleted B has cmpleted C will have been cmpleted D will have cmpleted
9 When first __ t the market ,these prducts enjyed great success .A intrducing B intrduced C intrduce D being intrduced 10 Mre patients __in hspital this year than last year .A treated B have treated C had been treated D have been treated
11 The new bks are f great use . They __well and __already .A sell / have been sld ut B sld / had sld ut C sell / sell ut D sld / have sld ut 12 There are pairs ___ ,but I’m at a lss which t buy .A t be chsen B t chse frm C chsen D fr chsing