2021-2022学年山西省运城市高二下学期期末调研测试英语试题解析版

这是一份2021-2022学年山西省运城市高二下学期期末调研测试英语试题解析版，共22页。试卷主要包含了 答题时使用0， 保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损，15等内容，欢迎下载使用。

 运城市2021-2022学年第二学期期末调研测试
高二英语试题
本试题满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生务必先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡的指定位置上。
2. 答题时使用0.5毫米的黑色中性（签字）笔或碳素笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3. 请按照题号在各题的答题区域（黑色线框）内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效。
4. 保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损。
5，听力部分满分30分，不计入总分。
第一部分 听力（共两节；满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £ 9.18. C. £ 9.15.
答案是C。
1. Who is the woman?
A. A bus driver. B. A policewoman. C. A passenger.
2. When does the woman want to take the class?
A. On Thursday. B. On Friday. C. On Saturday.
3. What did the speakers do last weekend?
A. They studied at home. B. They went hiking. C. They played tennis.
4. Where are the speakers?
A. In a library. B. In a study room. C. In a bookstore.
5. What will the woman do next?
A. Stand on the hill alone. B. Take a picture for the man. C. Visit Chicago with the man.
第二节：（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你都有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. How does the woman feel about buying a boat?
A. It’s fun. B. It’s expensive. C. It’s meaningful.
7. What is the man most concerned about?
A. Getting a discount on a boat.
B. Finding a place to keep his boat.
C. Making his parents buy him a boat.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. Which of the following did the man leave in the park?
A. A fur overcoat. B. A grey coat. C. A white raincoat.
9. What do we know about the woman?
A. She is impatient. B. She is helpful. C. She is careless.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What is wrong with the boy?
A. He has spots on his neck. B. He feels cold. C. He has a fever.
11. How does the boy want the woman to help?
A. By taking him to the doctor.
B. By putting some makeup on him.
C. By telling the school nurse about the problem.
12. What may happen if the boy has to stay home?
A. He won’t make the team.
B. He can try out for the team later.
C. He’ll have to write a note to the coach.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What company does the man work for?
A. Apple. B. Google. C. Facebook.
14. Why does the man want to quit his job?
A. He wants to write about food.
B. He doesn’t make enough money.
C. He wants to open his own restaurants.
15. How would the man make money after he quits?
A. He would sell books on his website.
B. He would work for different restaurants.
C. Companies would pay him for his experiences.
16. When might the man quit his job?
A. Next week. B. Next month. C. Next year.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Who is listening to the lecture?
A. Psychology teachers. B. Psychology majors. C. High school students.
18. How long does each lecture last?
A. One hour. B. One and a half hours. C. Two hours.
19 What does the speaker say about the exams?
A. There will be six pages of them.
B. They can be made up only on Mondays.
C. They are harder than students might expect.
20. How can the speaker be reached outside of class time?
A. Mainly by e-mailing him.
B. Only by calling him directly.
C. By coming to his office any day.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Our Most Recommended Books
Looking for a good book? We have the world’s largest collection of expert book recommendations. Over the past decade, we’ve asked hundreds of experts to pick the best books in their field—and to explain in detail why those particular books are so important. Click on each book to find out what experts we interviewed said about it in greater detail.
On Liberty by John Stuart Mill
On Liberty by John Stuart Mill was originally published in 1859, but his exploration of these questions still feels incredibly contemporary. On Liberty remains a central text of the modern liberal tradition, as our interviews below with philosophers, politicians, historians and political commentators make clear.
Middlemarch by George Eliot
Middlemarch by George Eliot was first published in 1871. The novel is set in the fictional English town of Middlemarch during 1829-1832, and follows several distinct, intersecting stories with a large cast of characters.
The Odyssey by Homer and translated by Emily Wilson
If you’re interested in Homer and the poem of the Odyssey, the 2017 translation by Emily Wilson, Professor of Classical Studies at the University of Pennsylvania, is a great place to start. Not only is it a highly readable translation, but the introduction provides a lot of context and historical background for anyone wondering who Homer was, when the poem was first written down etc.
To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee
To Kill a Mockingbird was the only novel published by Harper Lee during her lifetime, and it won the Pulitzer Prize in 1961. This celebrated novel depicts the racism she observed as a child in her hometown in Alabama. To Kill a Mockingbird was first published in November 1960. Subsequently an early 1957 version was published in 2015 under the title Go Set A Watchman.
1. Which book won the Pulitzer Prize?
A. To Kill a Mockingbird B. The Odyssey
C. Middlemarch D. On Liberty
2. Which of the following is right according to the passage?
A. The Odyssey translated by Emily Wilson only contains the original poems.
B. Middlemarch is set in a real English town.
C. On Liberty still has an impact on modern society.
D. To Kill a Mockingbird has nothing to do with the author’s experience.
3. Where can you read this passage?
A. A library guide book. B. A book recommendation website.
C. A trendy magazine. D. A column in newspaper.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要为读者推荐了一些值得阅读的书籍。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee”部分关键句“To Kill a Mockingbird was the only novel published by Harper Lee during her lifetime, and it won the Pulitzer Prize in 1961.”（To Kill a Mockingbird是哈珀·李生前出版的唯一一部小说，并于1961年获得普利策奖。）可知，To Kill a Mockingbird于1961年获得普利策奖，由此可知，To Kill a Mockingbird获得了普利策奖。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“On Liberty by John Stuart Mill”部分内容“On Liberty by John Stuart Mill was originally published in 1859, but his exploration of these questions still feels incredibly contemporary. On Liberty remains a central text of the modern liberal tradition, as our interviews below with philosophers, politicians, historians and political commentators make clear. ”（约翰·斯图亚特·密尔的On Liberty一书最初出版于1859年，但他对这些问题的探索仍然让人感到难以置信的现代感。正如我们下面对哲学家、政治家、历史学家和政治评论员的采访所表明的那样，On Liberty仍然是现代自由主义传统的中心文本。）可知，On Liberty对问题的探索仍然让人感到难以置信的现代感，这本书仍然是现代自由主义传统的中心文本，由此可知，On Liberty对现代社会仍有影响。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“Looking for a good book? We have the world’s largest collection of expert book recommendations.”（在找一本好书吗？我们收集了世界上最大的专家书籍推荐。）和“Click on each book to find out what experts we interviewed said about it in greater detail.”（点击每本书，了解我们采访过的专家对这本书的详细描述。）可知，文章主要是为读者推荐了一些值得阅读的书籍，通过点击每本书，可以了解到专家对这本书的详细描述，由此可推断出，你在图书推荐网站上能读到这篇文章。故选B项。
B
Locker Board skateboards were invented by 11-year-old Carson Kropfl, in October of 2016. He wanted a skateboard that could fit in his school locker and backpack, so he decided to create one out of a used skateboard deck. His parents told him he had to start cleaning to pay for his surf lessons and contests. Carson hates to clean, so he asked if he could start making and selling skateboards — like the one he had made for himself.
Carson collects used skateboard decks from skate shops and changes them to Locker Boards. He makes the Locker Board decks by hand. Each board is signed and numbered. The boards are then assembled with new, high-quality wheels. These are one-of-a-kind!
Carson started his online store in November of 2016 and shipped boards all over the country. The reason why Locker Boards have become so popular is that they are good for the planet, easy to take anywhere and fun to ride!
Vans, an American company, found out about what Carson was doing and in January of 2017, set up a monthly recycling program for him at two of their skate stores. Kids who want to donate used decks to Carson can leave them at these Vans locations. So far, Vans has donated over 10 boards to Locker Board.
A popular store in Southern California, Jack’s Surfboards, recently put Carson’s Locker Beard skateboards in their Dana Point store. Another skate shop in Huntington Beach has also started carrying Locker Board skateboards. In a few short months, Carson has appeared on several local news stations and been named by OC Family magazine as one of the top 10 Whiz Kids of Orange County, California.
This year, Carson is donating $1 for every board he sells to the Tony Hawk Foundation because they are focused on empowering kids through skating.
Carson feels the most rewarding part of this whole experience is how he has become a role model for other kids. His aim is to inspire kids to dream hard and work hard.
4. Why did Carson Kropfl make a skateboard himself at first?
A. To earn money. B. To satisfy his need.
C. To take part in a contest. D. To show off to his classmates
5. What can be learned about Locker Boards?
A. They are large in size. B. They look the same all over.
C. They are recycled by skate shops. D. They are environment-friendly.
6. How did the public respond to the Locker Board?
A. They spoke highly of it. B. They were astonished by it.
C. They paid little attention to it. D. They were doubtful about it.
7. Which of the following can best describe Carson Kropfl?
A. Sporty and proud. B. Generous and strict.
C. Humorous and far-sighted. D. Creative and kind-hearted
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。2016年10月，11岁的Carson Kropfl发明了Locker Board滑板。讲述了他发明这种滑板的经过以及公众对这种滑板的反响。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“He wanted a skateboard that could fit in his school locker and backpack, so he decided to create one out of a used skateboard deck.(他想要一个可以放进学校储物柜和背包里的滑板，所以他决定用一个用过的滑板做一个)”可知，Carson Kropfl一开始自己做了一个滑板是为了满足他的需要。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Carson collects used skateboard decks from skate shops and changes them to Locker Boards.(卡森从滑板店收集用过的滑板，并把它们改成成 Locker Boards)”可知， Locker Boards是环保的。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“A popular store in Southern California, Jack’s Surfboards, recently put Carson’s Locker Beard skateboards in their Dana Point store. Another skate shop in Huntington Beach has also started carrying Locker Board skateboards. In a few short months, Carson has appeared on several local news stations and been named by OC Family magazine as one of the top 10 Whiz Kids of Orange County, California.(南加州一家很受欢迎的商店Jack’s Surfboards最近把Carson’s Locker Beard滑板放在了他们的Dana Point商店里。亨廷顿海滩的另一家滑板店也开始销售Locker Board滑板。在短短几个月的时间里，Carson出现在几家地方新闻电台，并被《OC Family》杂志评为加州奥兰治县十大神童之一)”可推知，公众对储物滑板评价很高。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Locker Board skateboards were invented by 11-year-old Carson Kropfl, in October of 2016.(2016年10月，11岁的Carson Kropfl发明了Locker Board滑板)”以及倒数第二段“This year, Carson is donating $1 for every board he sells to the Tony Hawk Foundation because they are focused on empowering kids through skating.(今年，Carson每卖一块滑板给Tony Hawk基金会捐赠1美元，因为他们专注于通过滑冰增强孩子们的能力)”可推知，Carson Kropfl有创造力且心地善良。故选D。
C
The story of the most sustainable pair of jeans is also the story of a family whose members have dedicated their lives to denim (牛仔布) innovation. It is the great-great-grandson of the family business founder who has brought Candiani and the whole fashion industry to new heights by creating the first fully biodegradable (可生物降解的) stretch denim.
Alberto Candiani, the current owner of Candiani, created the first fully biodegradable jeans using a plant-based yarn (纱线) obtained from natural rubber. Once the innovative denim came to life, a brand-new pair of jeans was put to the test by being buried in forest land for six months. At the end of that period, Candiani’s team discovered the fibers had almost fully disintegrated. The new technology is called Coreva. “These garments (服装) are extremely durable, but at the end of their life, you could send them back to us and we recycle them, or you could fertilize your vegetables with them,” Alberto Candiani said.
Jeans—one of the most popular garments worldwide—generate an environmental impact that has become a real global challenge. According to the United Nations Environment Programme, it takes around 2000 gallons of water to make a typical pair of jeans. And during production, around 71 pounds of carbon dioxide are released. That is equivalent to 53 seven-minute showers, driving a car 78 miles. What’s more, most jeans are manufactured with stretch denim made with plastic, which can take hundreds of years to degrade.
But by creating a circular model in which fabrics (织物) are biodegradable at the end of their lifecycle, tons of garments can be prevented from ending up in landfills. Candiani has not only achieved this by going plastic-free, but the manufacturer has also reduced water use by 75 percent and the use of chemicals by 65 percent. Although Candiani creates a product that is about double the price of traditional denim due to the higher labor and manufacturing costs involved, business is booming. Not only has the company tripled its production, but its motto of “the greenest mill in the blue world” is credible.
8. What highlights Candiani according to Paragraph 1?
A. It has a great founder. B. It creates greener fabrics.
C. It is a family-run business. D. It makes jeans at a lower cost.
9. What do we know about the innovative denim?
A. It can last for six months. B. It is made of recycled materials.
C. It can be reused for growing plants. D. It turns into soil under the forest land.
10. What are the figures in Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The popularity of jeans in the world.
B. The possible reasons for global warming.
C. The complex process of manufacturing jeans.
D. The effects of producing jeans on the environment.
11. Candiani’s innovation may be an example of ________.
A. robbing Peter to pay Paul B. putting the cart before the horse
C. killing two birds with one stone D. solving the problem once and for all
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Candiani创造了一种可生物降解的弹力牛仔裤，起到了保护环境的作用。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“It is the great-great-grandson of the family business founder who has brought Candiani and the whole fashion industry to new heights by creating the first fully biodegradable (可生物降解的) stretch denim.”（正是这位家族企业创始人的曾孙创造了第一条完全可生物降解的弹力牛仔裤，将Candiani和整个时尚行业推向了新的高度。）可知，Candiani创造了完全可生物降解的弹力牛仔裤，这是一种更环保的面料，将其和整个时尚行业推向了新的高度，由此可知，Candiani的亮点是它创造了更环保的面料。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句““These garments (服装) are extremely durable, but at the end of their life, you could send them back to us and we recycle them, or you could fertilize your vegetables with them,” Alberto Candiani said.”（Alberto Candiani说：“这些服装非常耐用，但在它们生命结束时，你可以把它们寄回给我们，我们对它们进行回收利用，或者你可以用它们给蔬菜施肥。”）可知，当这种创新牛仔裤的生命结束时，你可以用它们给蔬菜施肥，由此可知，创新牛仔裤可以被重复使用，用于种植植物。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“Jeans—one of the most popular garments worldwide—generate an environmental impact that has become a real global challenge. According to the United Nations Environment Programme, it takes around 2000 gallons of water to make a typical pair of jeans. And during production, around 71 pounds of carbon dioxide are released.”（牛仔裤是全球最流行的服装之一，它对环境的影响已成为一个真正的全球挑战。据联合国环境计划署称，制作一条平常的牛仔裤需要大约2000加仑的水。在生产过程中，大约会释放71磅的二氧化碳。）可知，生产牛仔裤对环境产生了不良影响，文章使用具体数字，例如“2000 gallons”和“71 pounds”，告诉我们在生产牛仔裤的过程中，会使用大量的水并释放大量二氧化碳，由此可知，第三段中的数字主要是关于生产牛仔裤对环境的影响。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“But by creating a circular model in which fabrics (织物) are biodegradable at the end of their lifecycle, tons of garments can be prevented from ending up in landfills. Candiani has not only achieved this by going plastic-free, but the manufacturer has also reduced water use by 75 percent and the use of chemicals by 65 percent.”（但通过创建一个循环模型，使织物在其生命周期结束时可生物降解，可以防止成吨的服装最终进入垃圾填埋场。Candiani不仅通过无塑料实现了这一目标，而且制造商还将水的使用量减少了75%，化学品的使用量减少了65%。）可知，Candiani的创新不仅使织物在其生命周期结束时可生物降解，还可以减少水和化学品的使用量，起到保护环境的作用，这是一石二鸟的做法，由此可知，Candiani的创新是一石二鸟的例子。故选C项。
D
Although the weather is very hot now, the carnival of ice and snow is getting closer. The preparation work for Beijing Winter Olympic Games, which are expected to begin on Feb 4, 2022, has entered its final stage. In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the “Ice Ribbon”, a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter Olympics, was completed.
In the Winter Olympics, where races can be won or lost by a small time gap, tiny imperfections in the ice can make all the difference. “It’s not just a block of ice like you’d normally think of, like ice cubes sitting in your freezer,” told Kenneth Golden, a US mathematician who studies the structures of ice. “It’s a much more fascinating and complex substance than people would normally think.”
The first step for building any ice rink (溜冰场) is to purify the water to remove dissolved solids like salts and minerals. Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal (六边形的) structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The more pure the water is, the more consistent the ice surface.
In addition to the need for excellence in the raw materials of ice-making, technology is also very important. As one of the most advanced technologies for winter sports venues, a carbon dioxide (CO2) cooling technology has been applied on a large scale for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. CO2 is not new when it comes to ice-making. However, it has been gradually replaced by the man-made refrigerant, like Freon.
With increasing attention toward climate change, the old refrigerant has come into use again. As an element of the atmosphere, CO2 doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Although CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its greenhouse effect is much lower than that of other synthetic refrigerants. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO2 instead of Freon as a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly.
“We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more impressive way,” told Gao Bo from the Media Operations Department of the Organizing Committee of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games.
12. Which can replace the underlined word “consistent” in Paragraph 3?
A. United. B. Firm. C. Clean. D. Rough.
13. Why has CO2 cooling technology been applied to the Winter Olympic Games?
A. It’s the most advanced technologies for ice-making.
B. CO2 is more efficient than other refrigerants.
C. CO2 is more environmentally-friendly than Freon.
D. CO2 has already existed in the atmosphere.
14. What is Gao Bo’s attitude to CO2 being applied to ice-making?
A. Indifferent. B. Opposed. C. Doubtful. D. Favourable.
15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The Beijing Winter Olympic Games Is Coming.
B. Beneath Olympic Ice.
C. The Use of Refrigerants in Olympic Games.
D. The Structure of Ice.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北京冬奥会在制冰的原料和技术上的精益求精。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段的“The first step for building any ice rink is to purify the water to remove dissolved solids like salts and minerals. Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The more pure the water is(建造溜冰场的第一步是净化水，去除溶解的固体，如盐和矿物质。这些杂质不符合水结冰时形成的冰的正六边形结构。水越纯净)”可知，水越纯净，冰面就越稳定。由此推知，划线词consistent的意思是“稳定的”，和firm意思相近。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“As an element of the atmosphere, CO2 doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Although CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its greenhouse effect is much lower than that of other synthetic refrigerants. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO2 instead of Freon as a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly.(作为大气中的一种元素，二氧化碳不会破坏臭氧层。虽然二氧化碳是一种温室气体，但其温室效应远低于其他合成制冷剂。冬奥会场馆在制冰过程中采用了二氧化碳而不是氟利昂作为制冷剂，这将大大减少二氧化碳的排放)”可知，二氧化碳冷却技术被应用于冬奥会是因为二氧化碳比氟利昂更加环保。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more impressive way(我们相信，这些技术创新将以更令人印象深刻的方式将北京2022年冬奥会带给世界各地的观众)”可知，高波对于二氧化碳用于制冰持有支持态度。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the “Ice Ribbon”, a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter Olympics, was completed.(2021年1月，北京冬奥会标志性场地“冰带”的制冰工作已经完成)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了北京冬奥会在制冰的原料和技术上的精益求精，所以“Beneath Olympic Ice(冬奥会滑冰场的秘密)”可以作为文章标题。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When you need to find a solution to a design problem, you could ask yourself, “What animals or plants face a similar problem in their lives, and how do they handle it?”____16____ Termites (白蚁) in Africa control the temperature and air currents in their nests by having thick walls and air spaces in the top part. The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe was designed in a similar way, with thick overhangs shading the windows, and all the offices connected to a big chimney letting hot air escape. This allows it to stay cool while using much less air-conditioning.____17____
Engineer Nakatsu also asked himself the same question.____18____ A keen birdwatcher, Nakatsu realised that kingfishers also experience an abrupt pressure change when diving into the water, but their beaks allow them to pierce through the water smoothly. His team found that putting a long, pointed nose on the train greatly reduced the loud booms in the tunnel and allowed it to run faster.
Having a big picture of the world we live in also helps us understand how technology can be used to protect instead of destroy it.____19____ On the other hand, plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution. One company has come up with an alternative material made of com husk waste and some big companies are starting to use it.
____20____ Nakatsu worries that children today do not have the opportunity to touch and feel nature. He advises that students in university should study more than one narrow field so that they do not just have one fixed way of thinking.
A. In nature, everything gets recycled.
B. To mimic (模仿) nature, we must be familiar with it.
C. It turns out that natural beauty often has a logical reason behind it.
D. Large cities full of people are often compared to ants’ colonies (群).
E. This idea was used to arrange hundreds of mirrors at a solar power plant.
F. It could be a good solution for the hot and crowded cities in Southeast Asia too.
G. His problem was that the pressure from a bullet train rushing into a tunnel at high speed caused loud noises.
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. G 19. A 20. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们可以从大自然中吸取灵感，以便用更环保的方式解决我们所面临的问题。
【16题详解】
根据上文“When you need to find a solution to a design problem, you could ask yourself, “What animals or plants face a similar problem in their lives, and how do they handle it?”(当你需要找到一个设计问题的解决方案时，你可以问自己，‘哪些动物或植物在生活中面临类似的问题，它们如何处理？’)”和下文“Termites (白蚁) in Africa control the temperature and air currents in their nests by having thick walls and air spaces in the top part.(非洲的白蚁通过在其巢穴顶部有厚壁和空气空间来控制温度和气流)”可知，上文提出遇到设计问题时可以想象面临类似问题的动植物，下文则提到了非洲白蚁巢穴的特点。由此推知，空处内容应与建筑和蚂蚁相关。D项“人口众多的大城市经常被比作蚂蚁的聚居地”符合题意，开启下文，ants呼应下文termites。故选D。
【17题详解】
空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe was designed in a similar way, with thick overhangs shading the windows, and all the offices connected to a big chimney letting hot air escape. This allows it to stay cool while using much less air-conditioning. (津巴布韦哈拉雷的Eastgate中心也采用了类似的设计方法，厚实的悬架遮蔽窗户，所有的办公室都连接到一个大烟囱，让热空气逸出。这使得它在使用更少的空调的同时保持凉爽)”可知，这种类似白蚁巢穴的设计适用于炎热地带的城市。由此推知，空处继续陈述这种设计的应用。F项“对于东南亚炎热拥挤的城市来说，这也是一个很好的解决方案”符合题意，also表明上下文的并列关系。故选F。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Engineer Nakatsu also asked himself the same question. (工程师Nakatsu也问了自己同样的问题)”推知，空处应指出Nakatsu面临的问题是什么。G项“他的问题是高速行驶的高速列车冲进隧道时产生的压力会产生巨大的噪音”符合题意，problem是关键词，选项中的his指代Nakatsu。故选G。
【19题详解】
根据下文“On the other hand, plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution. (另一方面，塑料包装制造了许多浪费和污染)”中的on the other hand推知，空处内容与下文形成对照，即空处陈述环保的一方面。A项“在自然界，一切都是循环利用的”符合题意。故选A。
【20题详解】
根据下文“Nakatsu worries that children today do not have the opportunity to touch and feel nature. He advises that students in university should study more than one narrow field so that they do not just have one fixed way of thinking. (Nakatsu担心今天的孩子没有机会触摸和感受大自然。他建议大学里的学生应该学习不止一个狭窄的领域，这样他们就不会只有一种固定的思维方式)”可知，Nakatsu建议孩子们多接触自然，这样就可以熟悉自然，并从中学习一些解决问题的方法。B项“要模仿自然，我们必须熟悉它”符合题意，nature是关键词。故选B。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分55分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A. B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Jessica Long, from Baltimore, Maryland, USA is a champion by all definitions of the word. She is one of the worlds most decorated ____21____. Jessica was the youngest athlete, at 12 years old, to win a Paralympics (残奥会) medal.
Jessica was born in Irkutsk, Russia with a severe and rare birth defect-fibular hemimelia. This means that part of her ____22____ bones was missing or deformed. Fearing she could not ____23____ Jessica, her young mother placed her in a Russian orphanage (孤儿院). Fortunately, she was ____24____ by an American family when she was 13 months old. She required 25 different ____25____ to help her leg condition. But unfortunately, both of her legs had to be ____26____ when she was just 18 months old.
Jessica learned to walk with ____27____ legs. As a child, she took up ____28____ including gymnastics, cheerleading, ice skating, biking, and rock climbing. Jessica began swimming at her grandparents’ house, she was ____29____ about swimming, never once allowing her disability to _____30_____ her back. “I always loved pretending I was a _____31_____ or a mermaid while swimming.” she once said. She really excelled at swimming. Shortly after she started competing, Jessica was _____32_____ as Maryland’s Female Swimmer of the Year with a Disability. Even though Long was _____33_____ with her physical limitations, she was encouraged to enter her first Paralympic Games in Athens, Greece. She won three gold medals in swimming at the age of 12! But she did not _____34_____ on her success. Jessica has gone on to win 23 medals for Team USA at the Paralympics! While she began her _____35_____ out of anger and frustration, she is now a positive _____36_____ on a mission to inspire the next generation of Paralympians!
Jessica believes her condition is an opportunity rather than a _____37_____. Having a disability doesn’t mean her life is not _____38_____, Jessica always believe she can do anything. She always gives 110%. And she never allowed herself to _____39_____. As she says, “The only disability in life is a _____40_____ attitude”.
21. A. swimmers B. skater C. gymnast D. cyclist
22. A. arm B. muscle C. leg D. hand
23. A. take in B. care for C. leave out D. pick up
24. A. named B. educated C. abandoned D. adopted
25. A. surgeries B. movements C. assessments D. programs
26. A. protected B. checked C. fixed D. removed
27. A. injured B. dynamic C. artificial D. flexible
28. A. entertainment B. sports C. procedures D. jobs
29. A. enthusiastic B. cautious C. certain D. particular
30. A. look B. get C. hold D. put
31. A. bird B. fish C. horse D. angel
32. A. considered B. selected C. treated D. praised
33. A. serious B. familiar C. sad D. honest
34. A. resign B. panic C. agree D. rest
35. A. leisure B. finance C. claim D. career
36. A. force B. detective C. candidate D. principle
37. A. warning B. misfortune C. fantasy D. mistake
38. A. satisfying B. disappointing C. awkward D. efficient
39. A. slip B. hide C. quit D. retire
40. A. positive B. creative C. distant D. negative
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了获得残奥会奖牌最年轻的运动员Jessica Long的成长经历。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她是世界上获得奖牌最多的游泳运动员之一。A. swimmers游泳运动员；B. skater滑冰者；C. gymnast体操运动员；D. cyclist自行车运动员。根据“She won three gold medals in swimming at the age of 12!”可知，她是一名游泳运动员。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着她的部分腿骨缺失或变形了。A. arm手臂，胳膊；B. muscle肌肉；C. leg腿；D. hand手。根据下文“She required 25 different ____5____ to help her leg condition.”可知，此处为信息词leg的词汇复现。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于担心她不能照顾杰西卡，她年轻的母亲把她送到了一家俄罗斯的孤儿院。A. take in吸收，欺骗；B. care for照顾，关心；C. leave out省略，不考虑；D. pick up捡起，学会。根据“Jessica was born in Irkutsk, Russia with a severe and rare birth defect-fibular hemimelia.(杰西卡出生在俄罗斯伊尔库茨克，患有严重而罕见的先天缺陷——腓骨偏瘫。)”可知，由于担心她不能照顾杰西卡，她年轻的母亲把她送到了一家俄罗斯的孤儿院。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，她在13个月大的时候被一个美国家庭收养。A. named命名；B. educated教育；C. abandoned放弃，抛弃；D. adopted收养，采取。根据上文“her young mother placed her in a Russian orphanage (孤儿院).”和“Fortunately”可知，此处表示她在13个月大的时候被一个美国家庭收养。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她需要25次不同的手术来改善她的腿部状况。A. surgeries外科手术；B. movements动作，运动；C. assessments评估，评价；D. programs项目，计划。根据“to help her leg condition”可知，她需要做25次外科手术。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但不幸的是，在她18个月大的时候，她的双腿不得不被切除。A. protected保护；B. checked检查；C. fixed修理，固定；D. removed移除。根据“But unfortunately”可知，她的双腿不得不被切除。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：杰西卡学会了用假肢走路。A. injured受伤的；B. dynamic充满活力的；C. artificial人工的；D. flexible灵活的。根据“But unfortunately, both of her legs had to be ____6____ when she was just 18 months old.”可知，由于双腿被切除，她学会了用假肢走路。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：小时候，她就开始参加体操、啦啦队、滑冰、骑自行车和攀岩等运动。A. entertainment娱乐；B. sports运动；C. procedures步骤；D. jobs工作。根据“including gymnastics, cheerleading, ice skating, biking, and rock climbing.”可知，她开始参加各种运动。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：杰西卡开始在她祖父母家游泳，她对游泳充满热情，从未让自己的残疾阻碍过她。A. enthusiastic热情的；B. cautious小心的，谨慎的；C. certain确定的；D. particular特别的。根据下文“She really excelled at swimming.”可知，她对游泳充满热情。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. look看；B. get得到；C. hold举办，保持；D. put放置。根据“never once allowing her disability”可知，从未让自己的残疾阻碍过她。hold sth. back为固定短语，意为“阻止”。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我总是喜欢在游泳时假装自己是一条鱼或一条美人鱼。A. bird鸟；B. fish鱼；C. horse马；D. angel天使。根据“or a mermaid while swimming.”可知，她总是喜欢在游泳时假装自己是一条鱼或一条美人鱼。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她开始比赛后不久，杰西卡被选为马里兰州残疾女游泳运动员。A. considered考虑；B. selected挑选；C. treated对待，治疗；D. praised赞美。根据“Shortly after she started competing”可知，杰西卡被选为马里兰州残疾女游泳运动员。故选B。
33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管Long因身体缺陷而感到悲伤，但她还是被鼓励参加了在希腊雅典举行的第一次残奥会。A. serious严重的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. sad难过的；D. honest诚实的。根据“with her physical limitations,”可知，Long因身体缺陷而感到悲伤。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她并没有止步于成功。A. resign辞职，放弃；B. panic使恐慌；C. agree同意；D. rest休息，停止。根据“Jessica has gone on to win 23 medals for Team USA at the Paralympics!”可知，杰西卡并没有止步于成功。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然她的职业生涯是在愤怒和挫折中开始的，但她现在是一股积极的力量，肩负着激励下一代残奥会运动员的使命！A. leisure休闲；B. finance金融；C. claim宣称，声明；D. career职业生涯。根据“out of anger and frustration”可知，她的职业生涯是在愤怒和挫折中开始的。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. force力量；B. detective侦探；C. candidate候选人，求职者；D. principle原理，原则。根据“inspire the next generation of Paralympians!”可知，她现在是一股积极的力量，肩负着激励下一代残奥会运动员的使命！故选A。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：杰西卡认为她的情况是一种机会，而不是一种不幸。A. warning警告；B. misfortune不幸；C. fantasy幻想，想象；D. mistake错误。根据“her condition is an opportunity rather than”可知，杰西卡认为她的情况不是一种不幸。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有残疾并不意味着她的生活不令人满意，杰西卡总是相信她可以做任何事情。A. satisfying令人满意的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. awkward令人尴尬的；D. efficient效率高的。根据“Jessica believes her condition is an opportunity rather than a ____17____.”可知，有残疾并不意味着她的生活不令人满意。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她从不让自己放弃。A. slip下降，滑落；B. hide隐藏；C. quit放弃，离开；D. retire退休。根据“She always gives 110%.”可知，此处表示她从不让自己放弃。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正如她所说：“生活中唯一的残疾是消极的态度。”A. positive积极的；B. creative有创造性的；C. distant遥远的；D. negative消极的。根据“The only disability in life”可知，她认为生活中唯一的残疾是消极的态度。故选D。
第二节（共10题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。
The Shenzhou XII spacecraft departed China’s Tiangong space station on Thursday morning, ___41___ (carry) three Chinese astronauts on a journey back to Earth, the China Manned Space Agency said.
It said in a brief statement ___42___ the spacecraft left the stations core module (核心舱) at 8:56 am and started to orbit Earth on its own. Before their departure, the astronauts transmitted some ___43___ (experiment) data back to ground control and arranged materials inside the station, the agency said. By Thursday morning, the crew ___44___ (be) in space for 91 days, almost three times longer than the Shenzhou XI mission, ___45___ saw Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong spend 33 days in orbit.
Shenzhou XII was launched on a Long March 2F carrier rocket on June 17 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The astronauts entered Tiangong later that day, becoming ___46___ first inhabitants of the station. Their work was expected to enable the China Manned Space Agency ___47___ (accumulate) experience and check the capability, performance and compatibility of systems involved in the space station program to prepare for the next steps in its construction.
During the mission, the astronauts carried out two extravehicular activities, or spacewalks, using a large robotic arm and other ___48___ (equip) to install and adjust devices outside the station. They also performed a number of scientific experiments and technological tests, laying an important technical foundation ___49___ the following manned missions. After living in the space station core module Tianhe for 90 days, the spaceship retuned as ___50___ (plan).
【答案】41. carrying
42. that 43. experimental
44. had been
45. which 46. the
47. to accumulate
48. equipment
49. for 50. planned
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是中国载人航天机构表示，周四上午，神舟十二号飞船从天宫空间站出发，载着三名中国宇航员返回地球。
【41题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：中国载人航天机构表示，周四上午，神舟十二号飞船从天宫空间站出发，载着三名中国宇航员返回地球。分析可知，句中谓语是departed，空格处用非谓语动词，“The Shenzhou XII spacecraft”和carry之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动。故填carrying。
【42题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：它在一份简短的声明中说，宇宙飞船在上午8点56分离开空间站核心舱，并开始自己绕地球轨道运行。分析可知，空格处引导的是同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此空格处用that引导同位语从句。故填that。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：该机构称，在出发前，宇航员向地面控制中心传送了一些实验数据，并在空间站内安排了材料。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词data，experiment的形容词是experimental，意为“实验的”。故填experimental。
【44题详解】
考查时态。句意：截至周四上午，航天员已经在太空停留了91天，几乎是神舟十一号任务的三倍，在神舟十一号任务中，景海鹏和陈冬在轨道上停留了33天。“By+时间点”作时间状语时，时态用完成时，Thursday morning是一个过去的时间，因此句子时态用过去完成时。故填had been。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：截至周四上午，航天员已经在太空停留了91天，几乎是神舟十一号任务的三倍，在神舟十一号任务中，景海鹏和陈冬在轨道上停留了33天。分析可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词Shenzhou XI mission是物，因此空格处用关系代词which。故填which。
【46题详解】
考查定冠词。句意：当天晚些时候，宇航员们进入了天宫，成为空间站的第一批居民。first是序数词，前面需加定冠词the。故填the。
【47题详解】
考查不定式。句意：他们的工作有望使中国载人航天机构积累经验，并检查空间站计划中涉及的系统的能力、性能和兼容性，为下一步的建设做准备。enable sb. to do是固定短语，意为“使某人能够做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to accumulate。故填to accumulate。
【48题详解】
考查名词。句意：在这次任务中，宇航员进行了两次舱外活动，即太空行走，使用大型机械臂和其他设备安装和调整空间站外的设备。other后跟名词，equip的名词是equipment，意为“设备”，是不可数名词。故填equipment。
【49题详解】
考查介词。句意：他们也开展了一系列科学实验和技术试验，为后续载人航天任务奠定了重要技术基础。根据语境可知，句子表示“他们也开展了一系列科学实验和技术试验，为后续载人航天任务奠定了重要技术基础”，空格处意为“为”，用介词for。故填for。
【50题详解】
考查时态，语态和省略。句意：在空间站核心舱“天河号”生活了90天后，飞船按计划返回。根据语境和句意可知，句子表示“飞船按照它们被计划的那样返回”，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，且飞船是被计划，as引导的方式状语从句用一般过去时的被动语态，是as it was planned，状语从句中主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是planned。故填planned。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Responsibility is one of the most important human quality. Responsible people can be trusted, and this benefits to both the person and the people counted on him. No one can become successful without good sense of responsibility.
What does responsibility mean for we students? Firstly, being responsible means making our own choices, attending classes on time, and cleaning our own rooms regular. Secondly, being responsible means caring about others in social communication. Therefore, we should help them when they were in need of help. Finally, we are all members of our country, that implies we need to obey the laws, regulations and rules of the country. Beside, we need to do some voluntary work for our community.
All in all, being responsible surely enable us to contribute to the world. Let’s be responsible.
【答案】1.quality→qualities
2.删除to
3.counted→counting
4.without后添加a
5.we→us
6.regular→regularly
7.were→are
8.that→which
9.Beside→Besides
10.enable→enables
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了责任的重要性以及学生的责任。
【详解】1.考查名词的数。句意：责任是人类最重要的品质之一。quality为可数名词，此处为one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数。故quality改为qualities。
2.考查动词用法。句意：有责任心的人是可以信任的，这对他本人和依靠他的人都有好处。benefit为及物动词，可直接跟宾语。故删除to。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：有责任心的人是可以信任的，这对他本人和依靠他的人都有好处。分析句子结构可知count在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故counted改为counting。
4.考查冠词。句意：没有一个良好的责任感，没有人能成成功。结合句意表示“责任感”可知短语为a sense of responsibility。故without后添加a。
5.考查代词。句意：对于我们学生来说，责任意味着什么？此处作宾语，应用代词us。故we改us。
6.考查副词。句意：首先，负责意味着我们自己的选择，按时上课，定期打扫自己的房间。修饰动词clean应用副词regularly，故regular改为regularly。
7.考查时态。句意：因此，当他们需要帮助时，我们应该帮助他们。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为they，be动词用are。故were改为are。
8.考查定语从句。句意：最后，我们都是我们国家成员，这意味着我们需要遵守国家的法律、法规和规则。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，应用which；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故that改为which。
9.考查副词。句意：此外，我们需要为我们的社区做一些志愿工作。表示“此外”应用副词besides，beside为介词，表示“在旁边”不符合语境。故Beside改为Besides。
10.考查主谓一致。句意：总之，负责任肯定能使我们对世界有所贡献。此处动名词作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故enable改为enables。
书面表达（满分25分）
52. 假如你是李华，你的英国朋友John发来邮件，想了解你未来的职业。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 你未来想从事的职业
2. 你选择该职业的原因
3. ……
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当地增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear John,
I’m more than delighted to hear from you. In your letter you asked me about my career choice for the future, so I’m now writing to share my views about it.
In the future, I’m dying to be a doctor. For one thing, if I am a doctor, I can make use of what I have learned to relieve patient’s pains and ever save their lives. For another, I have always been keen on Chinese medicine, which features magic effect. Should I be admitted to a medical college this year, I would make every effort to rediscover the value of Chinese medicine, making it more popular in the world.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友写封邮件，告诉他关于你未来想选择的职业以及原因。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted→pleased
观点：view→opinion
渴望做某事：be dying to do sth.→be eager to do sth.
尽全力做某事：make every effort to do sth.→spare no effort to do sth.
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In the future, I’m dying to be a doctor.
拓展句：In the future, I’m dying to be a doctor, because I think doctor is a sacred profession.
【点睛】【高分句型1】For one thing, if I am a doctor, I can make use of what I have learned to relieve patient’s pains and ever save their lives. (运用了if引导的状语从句和what引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】For another, I have always been keen on Chinese medicine, which features magic effect.(运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句)
【高分句型3】Should I be admitted to a medical college this year, I would make every effort to rediscover the value of Chinese medicine, making it more popular in the world.(运用了虚拟语气的倒装)
听力答案：1-5 AACCB 6-10 BBCAA 11-15 BBAAC 16-20 CBBCA