2022-2023中考英语复习：常见习惯用语精讲例析

这是一份2022-2023中考英语复习：常见习惯用语精讲例析，共12页。
中考英语常见习惯用语精讲例析

（一）　知识概要 
由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处，所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写，或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看，可爱，外国人见到时会讲： You are so beautiful 这时的答语应该是 Thank you 如果外国人发现你的英语不错，他们会讲： Your English is very good 这时中国人常常会说：不，我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语，但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是 Thank you 虽然交际英语有一些规律可讲，但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯，了解他们的文化背景，历史渊源，这样才能真正的学好一门外语。
（二）　正误辨析 
［误］ - What can I do for you?
- Yes， please help me 
［正］ - What can I do for you?
- I'd like to buy a sweater 
［析］ What can I do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多，要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为：您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为：我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。
［误］ - Which colour do you like?
- Sorry， I don't like 
［正］ - Which colour do you like?
- I prefer blue 
［析］ 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如 Yes， I like it
［误］ Do you like to come with us tonight? 
［正］ Would you like to come with us tonight? 
［析］ Do you like … 问的是对方的习惯，如： Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种：
Shall we go? 我们走吧!
Let's go? 让我们走吧!
How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?
What about a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡如何?
Why not buy it? 为什么不买呢?
其肯定答语一般为Certainly， Yes， O．Ｋ．　All right， With pleasure
［误］ Sorry， I've kept you waiting
Not at all 
［正］ Sorry， I've kept you waiting
Never mind 
［析］ "介意不介意"这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如：
- Do you mind my smoking here?- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
Ａ．　Yes， do it please
Ｂ．　No， of course not
Ｃ．　Yes， take it please
Ｄ．　No， you can't take it
这时正确的选择应是B。 其意为：不介意，当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了，它应译为：是的我介意，请抽吧。而D选项是：不介意，你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时，可以有以下问法：
Do you mind if I open the door?
Would you mind mailing the letter for me
其答语如果是同意应为： Certainly not， not at all
而不同意时应为 Yes， 或 I'm sorry
［误］ What's that man?
He is Mike 
［正］ What's that man?
He is a teacher 
［正］ Who's that man?
He is Mike (He is Mike's father) 
［析］ 由 what 提问是问的职业，由 who 提问问的是姓名或身份。
［误］ - How much are they?
- Half a kilo， please 
［正］ - How many bananas do you want?
- Half a kilo Please 
［析］ How much are they? 问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。
［误］ I'm sorry， but is this the way to the park? 
［正］ Excuse me， but is this the way to the park? 
［析］ I'm sorry 是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而 Excuse me 是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。
［误］ - Have a good time tonight!
- You are the same 
［正］ - Have a good time tonight!
- The same to you 
［析］ The same to you 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚，它是美语中的习惯用法。
［误］ - What's the problem?
- I've got a headache 
［正］ What's wrong with you?
I've got a headache 
［析］ What's wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何，而 What's the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。
［误］ - Now， I'm back Can I play?
- Perhaps You'd better do your homework first 
［正］ - Now， I'm back Can I play?
- I'm afraid not You'd better do your homework first 
［析］ Perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论，如： Am I right? Perhaps而 I'm afraid not 则表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有：
I'm afraid that you are right
其后直接加宾语从句。
- Will you come to my birthday party?
- I'm afraid not I have to go to see my father He is in hospital
其后＋not，表示否定。
- Sorry， I don't want to go there alone， I'm afraid of the dog
其后＋名词，表示对某人，某物的害怕。
Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam
其后＋ of ＋ 动名词，表示害怕做某事。
Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn't do well in the exam
其后＋ 不定式，表示不敢去做某事。
［误］ - How soon will you be ready?
- Two days 
［正］ - How soon will you be ready?
- In two days 
［析］ 此题关键是要根据情景，身临其境，要注意的是对方问了什么，就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。 How soon 问的是"还有多久才能作完"，这时要用 in two days， 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 How long 提问，则答语可以用 two days。
［误］ - Would you mind if I have some time off?
- I don't mind
- Monday and Tuesday of next week 
［正］ - Would you mind if I have some time off?
- When exactly
- Monday and Tuesday of next week 
［析］ 有的对话是复杂的，稍有不慎就有可能选错，而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。 I don't mind 是可以用来回答 Would you mind…这一提问的，但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用 when exactly? 什么时间，这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。
［误］ Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be "Who are you?" 
［正］ Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be "Hello? This is Tom speaking?" 
［析］ 在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电话时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问"Who's that(speaking)?"但不要讲"Who are you?"如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"This is ×××× speaking"而不要讲"I'm　××××"也不要讲"My name is ×××××．"　就语法而论，"Who are you?" "I'm ××××""My name is ×××××"并不错，也是英语中可用的句子，但就打电话这一场合，就不宜用了。
［误］ - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?
- I don't hope so 
［正］ - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?
- I hope not 
［析］ 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中 I think so I hope so I believe so 是相同的，但在否定句中却常用 I don't think so 但I don't believe so 和 I don't hope so 则意为：我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not 和 I hope not 则为：我想可能不会发生吧!
［误］ - Is anybody there?
- No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave 
［正］ - Is everybody there?
- No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave 
［析］ 许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前，而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词，用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英语中为：这里有人吗?而Is everybody there?为：全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。 No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave
［误］ - Your handwriting is very good!
- No， my handwriting is very poor 
［正］ - Your handwriting is very good!
- Thank you 
［析］ 中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时，就应说： Thank you 又比如中国人见面时常讲 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话，如： Hello! How are you going? (你过得怎样) Morning! 等。而 good morning 和 How do you do 则被认为是较正规的问候语，在日常生活中则十分少见。
［误］ When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： "Excuse me I'll go first" 
［正］ When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： "Excuse me I have to go" 
［析］ 这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法，而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲 I'll go first 朋友们会迷惑不解，而 I have to go 则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去，而你本人则十分不愿做此事。
［误］ - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
- I'd like to， and I'm too busy 
［正］ - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
- I'd like to， but I'm too busy 
［析］ I'm too busy 与 I'd like to 在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。
［误］ - Where's Deter?
- Deter will come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet 
［正］ - Where's Deter?
- Deter may come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet 
［析］ 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的来与不来是十分不确定的，所以应用 may 来表达一个不肯定的事件。
［误］ - Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!
- Great You look well too 
［正］ - Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!
- Thanks You look well too 
［析］ 要注意的是 Great 在口语中多表示惊叹，而 Thanks 则表示感谢对方的称赞。所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定，要根据情景，身临其境，上下对照，周密思考，弄清场合，注意英美人的风俗习惯，注重语义上的词语辨析，并要进行大量的语言实践练习，扩大实际交际能力。
（三）　例题解析 
1　 - Would you like to have some rice?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　Yes， I like B　Yes， please C　of course D　Yes， I have

［答案］ B.
［析］ 当对方对你发出邀请的问语时，如果你想接受则讲 Yes， please 如不想接受则用No， thanks
2　 - Nice to see you
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　Good morning B　Happy to meet you， too 
C　Nice to see you， too D　Pleased to meet you， too

［答案］ C.
［析］ 虽然A、B、D三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语，但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话，以表达同样的心情。
3　 - Would you please give me some water?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　Yes， I would B　Certainly C　No， thanks D　Yes， please

［答案］ B.
［析］ 当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时，一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes， please 为"是的，您请做某事吧"。这一含意显然不对。
4　 - Thank you very much for helping me
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　You're welcome B　It doesn't matter
C　No need D　Don't say that

［答案］ A.
［析］ You're welcome 译为中文为：不用谢。而 It doesn't matter 则为：没关系。
5　 - Hello， Lucy How are you?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ And you?
A　Fine， thanks B　Yes， I am
C　Glad to meet you D　Good afternoon

［答案］ A.
［析］ 在正常交往中一定要避免所问非所答。所以对 How are you? 的答语应为"很好，谢谢!"
6　 - Help yourself to some meat
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
A　It sounds nice． B　Yes， please． 
C　Yes， Let's help each other． D　Thank you．

［答案］ D.
［析］ Help yourself to some meat． 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意为主人劝客人不要客气，像在家里一样。
7　 - Oh， I am not feeling well I've got a cold
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
A　Fine， How are you? B　Never mind Take care 
C　Well， I 'm sure to get weel soon． D　I'm sorry to hear that

［答案］ D.
［析］ 这是美国、英国的习惯用语，而B、 C则是中国人常讲的答语。
8　 - Meimei you speak English very well
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　No， I don't think so B　Thank you very much
C　Not good enough D　That's all right

［答案］ B.
9　 - "Kate， could you answer the telephone， please?"
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ , Mum I'll get it．
A　Yes， I could B　No， thanks 
C　OK D　Yes， but I have no time

［答案］ C.
［析］ 要注意 could 用于口语中是为了讲话的口气委婉，但它不是过去时态，也不是助动词，而应看作情态动词。所以在答语中则不应这样用。
10　 - Could you look after Polly for me while we're away?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
A　No， thanks． B　With pleasure． 
C　I'm not afraid． D　I'm sure you will．

［答案］ B.
［析］ With pleasure 是英语中的一句十分客气的答语，用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时，表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。
11　 - Hello! Could I speak to the headmaster， please?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
A　Hold on， please． B　That's the headmaster， please． 
C　Who are you ? please． D　Sorry I'm not the headmaster．

［答案］ A.
［析］ hold on， please 是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用 that， 而要用 this， 在电话用语中 that 指对方， this 指自己。
12　 - Happy birthday!
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
A　Thank you． B　The same to you． 
C　Good luck． D　Congratulations．

［答案］ A.
［析］ the same to you 是同样祝贺对方的意思，不能用于生日这一祝贺语，除非两人的生日在同一天。
13　 - I'm sorry I don't know the way， either You'd better ask that policeman for help
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
A　Good night． B　That's nothing． 
C　Very well． D　Thank you all the same．

［答案］ D.
［析］ 当向对方求助时，对方无能为力，这时的感谢语则为 Thank you all the same 意为不管如何还是要谢谢你。
14　 - I fell and hurt my leg last week， So I can't do anything
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　I'm sorry B　Don't worry
C　Good luck D　Bad luck

［答案］ D.
［析］ 如果用A则要用 I'm sorry to hear that而不能单用 I'm sorry 因I'm sorry 是向对方道歉。而 bad luck 为真是不幸啊。
15　 - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
- I have got a cough
A　What's your trouble? B　What have you got? 
C　Why did you come here? D　Have you got a cough?

［答案］ A.
［析］ What's your trouble? 多用于问对方有什么问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这种用语还有 What's wrong with you?
16　 - Would you like to go shopping with me?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
A　Yes， I'd love to． B　That's right．
C　Yes， please． D　Quite well．

［答案］ A.
［析］ 表示愿意作某事应讲：I'd love to I'd like to
17　 - What's the weather like today!
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
A　It's nice for a walk． B　I like autumn best of all．
C　It will be fine tomorrow． D　It's rather cold today．

［答案］ D.
［析］ 本题要注意问的是什么，不要所问非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样，所以只能选D
18　 - Is Jane in ，please? I want to speak to her
- Sorry， she is out You'd better ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　visit her in the office B　call her later 
C　see her this afternoon D　speak to her yourself

［答案］ B.
［析］ call her later 晚些时候再来电话。
19　 - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
- Very well， thank you， and you?
A　How do you do? B　Good morning 
C　How are you these days? D　How do you like English?

［答案］ C.
［析］ 本题是由答语来推断问话，所以应熟悉英语的问答习惯： How do you do? 的答语应为 How do you do?
20　 - How is your mother?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
A　She is old． B　She is no better than she was． 
C　She is kindhearted． D　She is in her forties．

［答案］ B.
［析］ How is your mother? 问的是你妈身体如何，而B选项则是"她不比以前强"。而其他三个选项则是所问非所答。
21　 - Thank you very much for your help
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　You're welcome B　Please don't
C　There's no trouble D　No， no

［答案］ A.
22　 Your uncle has taken you to the cinema Afterwards you thank him
He says " ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．"
A　It was nothing B　I'm glad you enjoyed it 
C　Don't say it D　No， needn't

［答案］ B.
［析］ 这是英语的答语，千万不要选A，因它是中文习惯的答语。
23　 - Thank you for your good present
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　It's not good B　No， no
C　My pleasure D　Never mind

［答案］ C.
24　 When someone did a good deed for you， you should say ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A.you are too good B.It's very kind of you C.you are very kind D.I'll thank you
［答案］ B.
25　 - I am very sorry I am late for dinner 
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A.No， you aren't B.That's all right C.Yes， you are D.No， you don't
［答案］ B.
［析］ That's all right 没关系。
26　 - I'm sorry if I hurt you
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　I'm sorry B　It's not true 
C　It doesn't matter D　Don't say sorry

［答案］ C.
27　 - I should have gone to see the exhibition with you 
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　I'm sorry B　What a pity 
C　It doesn't matter to me D　That's terrible
［答案］ B.
［析］ What a pity. 真遗憾。第一句应为我真该和你一起去展览会。
28　 - Help yourself to some fish
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　You are very kind B　Yes， I'm helping myself 
C　Thank you D　Yes， don't worry about me
［答案］ C.
29　 - Are you ready?-______ ．
A　I'm very sorry B　Try to be patient 
C　Not yet， wait a minute D　Do you have the time， please?
［答案］ C.
［析］ not yet 意为还没有完成。
30　 - Mum， I have passed the exam
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　That's all right B　Congratulations
C　You are luck D　Good luck to you
［答案］ B.
31　 - I think I have to leave I hope we can get together again
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　All right B　That's all right
C　OK D　I hope so， too
［答案］ D.
32　 Must I wait till he comes back?  ．
A　No， you needn't B　No， you mustn't 
C　No， you may not D　No， you can't
［答案］ A.
［析］ must 提问表示必须这样做吗?而肯定句要用 must， 表示必须做，而否定句则要用 needn't 表示没有必要做。
33　 - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ I pay you the house rent right away?
- Yes， you have to do it
A　Shall B　Way C　Must D　Have
［答案］ C.
34　 - Don't you think this colour is too bright? 
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
A　Yes， I agree． B　Yes， but I don't think so． 
C　Yes， of course not． D　Yes， what's wrong?
［答案］ A.
35　 - It was cold yesterday
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　So was it B　So it was
C　I believe not so D　I believe not
［答案］ B.
［析］ 当答语只是重复对方讲的话时，则不用倒装。因 so it was即为：是的，天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时，则要倒装。如： I went to the cinema yesterday So did I 表示对方去了电影院，我也去了。
36　 - What do you think of the song?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　I like music very much B　I like it too 
C　With pleasure D　It sounds sweet
［答案］ D.
［析］ sound 在这里是系动词，为听起来很甜美。系动词后要用形容词，而不要用被动语态。
37　 Do you like tea or coffee? ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　Yes， I do B　Thank you
C　That's fine D　Either will do
［答案］ D.
［析］ either will do 为两者哪个都可以。
38　 I like your sweater very much ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　No， it's ugly B　Sorry
C　Thank you D　You're welcome
［答案］ C.
［析］ 这是英美语言的习惯。
39　 He likes travelling by train  ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　So do I B　I dos
C　I like so D　I like it， neither
［答案］ A.
40　 - How do you like your school?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　I like it very much B　It's very beautiful
C　I doesn't like it D　Very well
［答案］ B.
［析］ How do you like … 是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。
41　 What a nice day!  ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
A　You're right． B　No， isn't it?
C　Yes， isn't it? D　Really?
［答案］ C.
［析］ Yes， isn't it 是的，难道不是个好天气吗?
42　 - Hello， ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
- This is Della speaking
A　Who are you B　Are you Tom 
C　Who is that D　Please tell me who are you
［答案］ C.
［析］ 电话用语中 that 指对方，而 this 指自己。
43　 -What's he like? 
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　He likes English B　He is old 
C　He is like a farmer D　He is tall and this
［答案］ D.
［析］ 要区分 What's he like? 如 What does he like? 前者为：他长得什么样?而后者是：他喜欢什么。
44　 How did you do your job? 
Not very well， ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　I'm sure B　I am afraid
C　Thank you D　I'm sorry
［答案］ B.
［析］ I am afraid 我恐怕是，我想是。
45　 - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ your aunt?
-She is a principal of a middle school
A　What does B　Where does
C　What is D　Whom is
［答案］ C.
46　 - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 
- He is my boss
A　What's the man? B　Who is the man? 
C　How is the man? D　What does the man do?
［答案］ B.
47　 - May I have your name? 
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　No， no B　You're polite
C　Call me John D　It's kind of you

［答案］ C.
48　 - Shall I make coffee for you? 
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　Yes， thank you B　No， don't trouble 
C　Don't trouble this， thank you D　No， don't make it

［答案］ A.
49　 - Could you show me the way to Mr Buown's office?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　Not at all B　I'm sure
C　All right D　I can do it

［答案］ C.
50　 - Shall we go swimming tomorrow afternoon?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．
A　It's very kind of you B　You are so thoughtful 
C　That's a good idea D　Yes， we'll go

［答案］ C.