（新高考）2023版高考英语一轮总复习 练案34 Unit 3 sea exploration 新人教版选择性必修第四册

选择性必修第四册　UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2022·江苏省七校调测)

High-pitched (高音的) and yet distinct, the sound of a voice calling the name “Amy” is unmistakable. But this isn’t a human cry—it’s the voice of a killer whale called Wikie.

New research reveals that orcas (虎鲸) are able to imitate human speech, saying words such as “hello”，“one, two” and “bye bye”. The study also shows that the creatures are able to copy unfamiliar sounds produced by other orcas.

Writing in the journal Biological Sciences, researchers from institutions in Germany, U. K．， Spain and Chile, describe how they carried out the latest research with Wikie, a 14-year-old female orca living in an aquarium(水族馆) in France.

After first brushing up Wikie’s grasp of the“copy” command, she was trained to imitate three familiar orca sounds made by her 3-year-old Moana. Wikie was then additionally exposed to five orca sounds she had never heard before, including noises sounding like a creaking (嘎吱响) door. Finally, Wikie was exposed to a human making three of the orca sounds, as well as six human sounds，including “hello”，“Amy”，“ah ha”，“one, two”and“bye bye”．

The team found that Wikie was often quickly able to copy the sounds, whether from an orca or a human, with all of the novel noises copied within 17 trials. What’s more, two human sounds and all of the human-produced orca sounds were managed on the first attempt—although only one human sound “hello” was correctly produced more than 50% of the time on subsequent trials.

The creatures are already known for their ability to copy the movements of other orcas, with some reports suggesting they can also copy the sounds of bottlenose dolphins and sea lions after several trials.

Scientists say the discovery helps to cast light on how different groups of wild killer whales have ended up with distinct accents, adding weight to the idea that they are the result of imitation between orcas.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究证明虎鲸能够很好地模仿同类、其他动物甚至人类的声音，这进一步证实不同种群的虎鲸之所以具有完全不同的口音，很可能是他们彼此模仿的结果。

1．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text？__C__

A．To analyze orcas’ speech abilities.

B．To highlight the conservation of the orca.

C．To inform us of orcas’ ability to imitate sounds.

D．To convince us of the intelligence of the orca.

解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是文章前两段及最后一段可知，本文主要说明了各项研究证明，虎鲸可以模仿同类甚至是人类的一些声音，故作者写本篇文章的目的是告诉我们虎鲸模仿声音的能力。故选C。

2．What’s the main idea of the fourth paragraph？__A__

A．The process of the research.

B．The outcome of the research.

C．The purpose of the research.

D．The significance of the research.

解析：主旨大意题。通读本段可知，研究小组先训练维基模仿由自己孩子发出的、熟悉的三个声音，然后让它模仿不熟悉的声音，最后给它听人类模仿虎鲸的声音以及其他一些人声音。由此可知，本段主要介绍了研究的过程。故选A。

3．Which of the following was the easiest for Wikie to copy？__C__

A．The six human sounds.

B．All the new orca sounds.

C．Human-produced orca sounds.

D．Dolphin and sea lion sounds.

解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“What’s more, two human sounds and all of the human-produced orca sounds were managed on the first attempt”可知，虎鲸在尝试模仿两种人类的声音和所有人类发出的虎鲸的声音时一遍就成功了，由此可知，四个选项中，C项“人类发出的虎鲸的声音。”对维基来说最容易模仿。故选C。

4．What may the discovery help explain？__B__

A．Why orcas imitate human speech.

B．Why orcas have different accents.

C．How orcas copy others’ movements.

D．How orcas communicate with others.

解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，这项发现说明了不同种群的虎鲸之所以具有完全不同的口音，很可能是他们彼此模仿的结果，故这项发现帮助解释了为什么虎鲸有不同的口音。故选B。

B

(2022·吉林市质检)

Killer whales, or orcas, are known for their severe attacks on sea animals but they have never posed a threat to humans. However, since late July, the normally social animals have been intentionally attacking sailboats off the coasts of Spain and Portugal.

The strange behavior first surfaced on July 29, 2020, when a 46-foot boat was repeatedly attacked for almost an hour by nine orcas, causing the boat to rotate (旋转)180 degrees and having its engine switched off.Since then, over 30 more similar incidents have been reported. On September 23,2020, Spain’s government banned boats of less than 50 feet in length from sailing in the 60-mile stretch of the Atlantic coastline between Ferrol and the Estaca de Bares Cape, where the attacks have been occurring.

Researchers across the world are trying to explain the orcas’ behavior. Some believe it could be a result of the overfishing of the bluefish tuna—the orcas’ primary food source—which has left the area’s killer whales starving and unable to feed their babies.“I saw them look at boats carrying fish. I think they know humans are somehow related to food shortages，” says Ken Balcomb, senior scientist at the Center for Whale Research in Washington, U．S.A..The environmentalists believe the sudden increase in boat traffic and fishing activities, after months of absence due to restrictions on human activity last spring, could also be contributing to the_agitation.

However, Alfredo López, a biology professor in Galicia, Spain, thinks the attacks are defensive measures the orcas adopted to protect themselves against boat injuries. The researcher came to this conclusion after looking at the videos of a few incidents and noticing that two of the young killer whales involved had serious injuries. Hopefully, the experts will be able to find a way to restore the harmony between the animals and the humans soon.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。虎鲸以凶猛而闻名，但从不攻击人类。可是最近虎鲸不断地攻击船只，政府也因此禁止小船在攻击多发地航行。一些研究人员认为虎鲸的反常行为可能是因为人类对虎鲸的主要食物(金枪鱼)的过度捕捞；而生物学家认为虎鲸的反常行为是出于应对船只伤害的自我保护。

5．What do we know about orcas in Paragraph 1？__B__

A．They are friendly to humans.

B．They have changed their behavior.

C．They are famous for hunting skills.

D．They have met tough living conditions.

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“... but they have never posed a threat to humans. However, since late July, the normally social animals have been intentionally attacking sailboats off the coasts of Spain and Portugal.”可知，虎鲸以前从不攻击人类，但是最近它们故意攻击帆船，这说明它们改变了行为。故选B。

6．Who holds the idea that fishing activities caused the incidents?

__A__

A．Ken Balcomb.　　　 B．Portugal’s experts.

C．Alfredo López.　 D．Spain’s government.

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中肯·鲍尔科姆所说的话“I saw them look at boats carrying fish. I think they know humans are somehow related to food shortages，”可知，他认为虎鲸知道是人类的过度捕鱼活动导致它们食物短缺，所以才攻击船只，引发了事故。故选A。

7．What does the underlined word “the agitation” in Paragraph 3 refer to？__A__

A．The attacks.　 B．Food shortages.

C．The overfishing.　 D．Human activities.

解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Researchers across the world are trying to explain the orcas’ behavior. Some believe it could be a result of the overfishing”和“The environmentalists believe the sudden increase in boat traffic and fishing activities... could also be contributing to...”可知，研究人员和环境学家都在试图对虎鲸的攻击行为作出解释；contribute to意为“导致”，故可推测画线词表示虎鲸的“攻击”。故选A。

8．What might be a suitable title for this text？__B__

A．How Do Killer Whales Attack Humans?

B．Why Are Killer Whales Attacking Boats?

C．How Can We Live in Harmony with Animals?

D．Why Are Boats Banned from Sailing on the Sea?

解析：标题归纳题。根据第三段中的“Researchers across the world are trying to explain the orcas’ behavior. Some believe...”和“The environmentalists believe...”以及第四段中的“Alfredo López, a biology professor in Galicia, Spain，thinks...”可知，本文是在解释虎鲸攻击船只的原因。所以B项(为什么虎鲸攻击船只？)最适合作为本文的标题。故选B。

Ⅱ.七选五

(2022·贵阳市高三摸底联考)

Many teenagers want to look cool.__1.F__Chloe Murray，an eighth-grader at Jefferson Middle School in the US, realized this problem and established a charitable clothes closet (衣橱) to help her peers.

__2.B__The school let her use a room for the project.Chloe’s classmates joined her as well.Last month, the charitable clothes closet, called Chloe’s Closet, opened.__3.G__“Confidence is a real issue in middle school, especially when it comes to clothing，” Chloe told the Chicago Tribune, a daily newspaper in Chicago, the US.

__4.A__Many people from the school’s community and neighboring schools donated used and new clothes.The clothes closet is only open after school.Students can “buy” these clothes by earning “money” when they turn in their schoolwork on time, make corrections on homework, participate in a school activity or express helpfulness to their peers and teachers.Since the first week in March, about 100 items have been “sold” to students.

“__5.D__Then, they will be better able to focus on the learning material rather than paying too much attention to what they are wearing，” Shannon Arko, a language arts teacher at the school, said about the mission (使命) of the closet.“Feeling good about yourself translates into a better learning experience overall.”

A．Where are the clothes from?

B．Her school supported the idea too.

C．Fashion has already become an important part of students’ lives.

D．You need to supply children with basic needs, such as clothing.

E．But everyone can afford to keep up with the changing fashion trends.

F．But not everyone can afford to keep up with the changing fashion trends.

G．It’s filled with trendy clothes for girls and boys to help students look their best.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个美国学生发起的并得到学校支持的慈善衣橱活动。

解析：

1．此处承接上文的“Many teenagers want to look cool.”，再结合下文的慈善衣橱可推知，并不是每个人都有钱去紧跟时尚潮流。故F项符合语境。故选F。

2．此处承接下文中的“The school let her use a room for the project.”，由此可推知，学校对Chloe的这一举动予以支持。故B项符合语境。故选B。

3．根据第一段的内容及空后一句可推知，Chloe建立这样一个慈善衣橱是为了帮助同龄人表现出最好的状态，因此衣橱里捐赠的都是时尚的衣物。故G项符合语境。故选G。

4．根据下文中的“Many people from the school’s community and neighboring schools donated used and new clothes.”可推知，此处介绍了捐赠的衣物的来源。故A项符合语境。故选A。

5．此处承接下文中的“Then，they will be better able to focus on the learning material rather than paying too much attention to what they are wearing”，由此可推知，只有满足学生的基本需求，比如衣物，他们才能集中注意力学习而不是过多地关注穿着。故D项符合语境。故选D。

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2022·漳州市毕业班质检)

Huge “terror crocodiles”， that were as large as buses once lived on the Earth. This terrifying picture comes from a study that__1.was_published__(publish) last week in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. The study is from universities in the USA. Researchers who are experts __2.in__ the study of dinosaurs studied ancient bones found in North America. They said that the dinosaurs lived along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of __3.what__ is now Canada and the USA. The giant __4.beasts__(beast) hunted and killed other dinosaurs and were up to ten metres in __5.length__(long). They discovered that the prehistoric crocodiles had sharp teeth that were the size of large bananas.

A co-author of the study detailed how he thought the crocodiles lived. He said they lived around 75 million years ago. They were the ancestors of today’s crocodiles. He spent most of his time__6.writing__ (write) about his research on the bone parts. He said, “Up to now, the complete animal __7.has_been__ (be) unknown. These new samples reveal __8.an__ unusual, huge killer with teeth the size of bananas.” He said it must have frightened other dinosaurs that came to the water’s edge __9.to_drink__ (drink). Another author described how __10.scary__ (scare) it was. She wrote: “It was so huge that almost everything in its habitat was on the menu.”

文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。研究恐龙的专家研究了在北美发现的古代骨骼，发现了一种名为“恐怖鳄鱼”的恐龙，和公共汽车一样大，曾经生活在地球上。文章介绍了这种巨兽的一些生活习性。

解析：

1．考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：这张可怕的图片来自上周发表在《古脊椎动物杂志》上的一项研究。根据后文“last week”可知应用一般过去时，关系词指代先行词study，与publish构成被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主谓一致，谓语动词用单数。故填was published。

2．考查介词。句意：研究恐龙的专家研究了在北美发现的古代骨骼。结合句意表示“是……方面的专家”可知短语为be expert in。故填in。

3．考查宾语从句。句意：他们说恐龙生活在现在的加拿大和美国的太平洋和大西洋沿岸。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语。故填what。

4．考查名词单复数。句意：这种巨兽猎杀其他恐龙，体长可达10米。beast为可数名词，根据后文“were up to ten metres”可知应用复数。故填beasts。

5．考查名词。句意同上题。空处作宾语，表示“长度”可知短语为in length。故填length。

6．考查非谓语动词。句意：他大部分时间都在写关于骨骼的研究。结合句意表示“花费时间做某事”可知短语为spend time doing sth.。故填writing。

7．考查动词的时态。句意：到目前为止，这种完整的动物还不为人所知。根据上文“Up to now”可知应用现在完成时，主语为the complete animal，助动词用has。故填has been。

8．考查冠词。句意：这些新样本揭示了一种不同寻常的巨大杀手，其牙齿有香蕉那么大。killer为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且unusual是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。

9．考查非谓语动词。句意：他说，这一定吓坏了其他来到水边喝水的恐龙。分析句子结构可知drink在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to drink。

10．考查形容词。句意：另一位作者描述了它有多可怕。此处为由感叹句转换的宾语从句，结合后文“it was”可知应用形容词scary，作表语。故填scary。

Ⅳ.应用文写作

(2022·辽宁省沈阳市郊联体高三上学期期中考试)

假定你是李华，在英国伦敦留学，得知当地某自然环境保护区正在招募志愿者。请你给其负责人写一封自荐信，内容包括：

1．写信目的；

2．个人优势；

3．表达期待。

注意：1.词数80左右；

2．开头与结尾已给出，但不计入总词数；

3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Sir/Madam，

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Yours，

Li Hua

参考范文：

Dear_Sir/Madam.

I am Li Hua, a Chinese student studying biology in London. I’m glad to be informed that your reserve is looking for volunteers. I’m writing to apply for being one of them. As an environmentalist, I have been participating in many programs concerning environmental protection. In the meantime, I love animals very much and know how to take care of animals. By the way, I can speak fluent English, so I can communicate with others well. I’d appreciate it if I could have a chance to receive your approval.

Yours，

Li_Hua