高考英语单项选择专项训练100题(附解析)
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这是一份高考英语单项选择专项训练100题(附解析),共45页。
1.This restaurant has become popular for its wide ______ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A.production B.offer
C.range D.division
2.It came as a great ________ to the parents that their son finally came back safe and sound.
A.relief B.sense
C.relaxion D.favor
3.It’s supposed to be the end of the paperback(简装书) and the __________ of digital media, but some bookstores are surviving the Internet Age with surprising success.
A.deadline B.dawn
C.dusk D.departure
4.—Fiona never fails to grasp any chance of promotion.
—She’s a woman of ________.
A.ambition B.attention
C.expectation D.reputation
5.— Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?
— That's a good .
A.saying B.question C.suggestion D.account
6.She cared for children so much that she devoted most of her time to children ________work after graduation from a university.
A.career B.business C.welfare D.profit
7.It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your .
A.profession B.credit
C.income D.profit
8.From his _______ accounts of his traveling experiences abroad, we felt as if we had been there, too.
A.vivid B.qualified C.available D.curious
9.Her companion_____ a trick on her, for she was not in the mood for everything that day.
A.can’t have played B.must have played
C.should have played D.needn’t have played
10.______ you have seen he is in poor condition, you should understand why he has to take up two part-time jobs.
A.As long as B.Unless C.Now that D.While
11._______ our small apartment, our uncle’s house seemed like a palace.
A.Compared with B.Compared to C.Comparing with D.Comparing to
12.It is reported that many a new house _____ at present in the flood-stricken area.
A.are being built B.have been built
C.will be built D.is being built
13.Many graduates hold the view ______ they had better apply for a post ______ they can combine knowledge with skills.
A.which; which B.that; which C.which; where D.that; where
14.I don’t think you will have any difficulty _______ a driving license.
A.to get B.in getting C.for getting D.get
15.On hearing the voice of police cars, the robbers ran off in panic, ________ some of the robbed money behind.
A.left B.leave C.leaving D.to leave
16.—How do you find the health club?
—I would rather I ______ it. I feel its management is going from bad to worse.
A.haven’t joined B.hadn’t joined
C.didn’t join D.had joined
17.He gets up at six o’clock, runs for half an hour and then has a meal; that is his morning ______.
A.route B.routine
C.behavior D.tendency
18.As ______ healthier lifestyle is being promoted, the bicycle has also become a tool that keeps people on ______ go.
A.the; a B.a; a
C.a; the D.a; /
19.I am always delighted when receiving your invitation, ______ the party on June 9th after the national college entrance examination, I shall be pleased to attend.
A.On account of B.With regard to
C.In response to D.In view of
20.—What do you think of teaching, Bob?
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ________ you are doing something serious and interesting.
A.which B.where
C.when D.that
21.According to a recent study, the high school graduation rate for black men has fallen by 43 percent, while ________ of black women has risen by 56 percent.
A.that B.what
C.one D.which
22.The government has been under growing pressure to ______ the causes of air pollution as smog frequently smothers the country’s large cities.
A.release B.schedule
C.maintain D.address
23.________ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.
A.Giving B.Given
C.To give D.Give
24.—I am wondering ________ makes you study so hard?
—To go to my dream university.
A.what is it that B.that is what
C.what is that D.what it is that
25.No student ________ go out of school to have lunch without permission of the headteacher.
A.might B.must
C.shall D.could
26.I regret not having taken your advice. Otherwise I ________ this mistake at the moment.
A.didn’t make B.wouldn’t make
C.hadn’t make D.wouldn’t have made
27.Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house.
A.lead B.leading
C.led D.to lead
28.Children are likely to ________ some bad habits when playing the piano if they don’t have proper lessons.
A.keep up B.catch up
C.pick up D.give up
29.Not until the end of the performance ________ the chance to take photos with the respectable actor.
A.the audience got B.the audience had got
C.did the audience get D.had the audience got
30.The new teacher was so well-organized that she began ________ we stopped yesterday so that no point was left out.
A.when B.in which
C.how D.where
31.This is not an economical way to get more water; ________, it is very expensive.
A.worse still B.on the contrary
C.in short D.in addition
32.Once you’ve ________ the items you ordered, put this record in your file.
A.checked in B.checked off
C.checked out D.checked with
33.—Good morning. May I help you?
—No, thank you. I’m just looking around.
—________
A.It’s up to you. B.How are you feeling today?
C.Thanks for coming to see me. D.Take your time then.
34.--- How many chapters does the book have? --- It ___ three chapters.
A.consists with B.consists of
C.including D.is contained
35.—Would you mind moving over a little? I have to pass here.
—________ I’d like to help.
A.Not in the slightest. B.Don’t mention it.
C.Never mind. D.At your service.
36.—How long do you think it will be ________ you graduate from high school?
—Perhaps two or three months.
A.when B.until
C.that D.before
37.He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
A.that B.which
C.where D.what
38.—Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it?
—Oh, really! I haven’t ________ my mailbox yet.
A.examined B.reviewed.
C.tested D.checked
39.You are supposed to leave your child ________ his homework alone.
A.do B.to do
C.being done D.done
40.Take the note as a reminder ______ you forgot to buy some sweets for the kids while shopping there.
A.how B.that
C.in case D.even if
41.-- Did Jim come?
-- I don’t know. He _______ while I was out.
A.might have come B.might come
C.must have come D.should have come
42.If you have a job, ______ yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
A.do devote B.to devote
C.devoting D.devoted
43.________ some teenagers don’t realize is ________ difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.
A.That; how B.Which; what a
C.What; what D.What; how
44.The new product is beyond all praise and has quickly taken over the market ________ its
superior quality.
A.in terms of B.on account of
C.on behalf of D.on top of
45.Breaking up is the business of the two lovers, ________ no other person should be involved.
A.which B.in that
C.that D.in which
46.—What’s wrong with you?
—Oh, I am sick. I ________ so much ice cream just now.
A.shouldn’t eat B.mustn’t eat
C.couldn’t have eaten D.shouldn’t have eaten
47.This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it, ________.
A.however much it may cost B.no matter how it may cost
C.how much may it cost D.however many it may cost
48.The fellow we spoke ________ no comment at first.
A.to make B.to made
C.made D.to making
49.When I was twenty, I had to________ before graduation and work in a clothes shop to help support my family.
A.come out B.stay out
C.leave out D.drop out
50.The government placed _____ on the numbers of foreign cars that could be imported.
A.limitations B.administration
C.requirements D.restrictions
51.Some of them, ______ in rural villages, had never seen a train.
A.to be born and brought up B.born and brought up
C.having born and brought up D.having been born and brought up
52.Around this point ______, which is humorous and full of a strong local flavor.
A.the story develops B.does the story develop
C.develops the story D.the story developed
53.If people keep polluting the ocean, no creature there will survive ______.
A.at all cost B.for a long while
C.in the long run D.by no means
54.Mr. Wilson is a man of patience and kindness, and his good temper never ______ him.
A.fails B.disappoints
C.controls D.worries
55.The suggestion came from the chairman ______ the new rule ______.
A.what; was developed B.that; was developed
C.what; be developed D.that; be developed
56.Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second-floor windows, ______ he could see nothing but trees.
A.where B.from where
C.which D.from which
57.______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies.
A.Having exposed B.Being exposed
C.To expose D.Exposed
58.—It’s really great to have a computer to store my photos.
—Don’t count on it too much. It ________ break down and you’d better make a copy of them.
A.must B.can
C.should D.will
59.—What a pity! You missed my birthday party.
—Terribly sorry!___________my uncle not visited me unexpectedly.
A.Should B.Would
C.Had D.Did
60.In many ways, the magic of AI is ________ it’s not something you can see or touch.
A.whether B.what
C.that D.why
61.China’s Chang’e 4 robotic probe entered lunar orbit on Wednesday, ________ a major step in its mission to make a soft landing on the moon’s far side.
A.marking B.to mark
C.having marked D.marked
62.—Jack, my plane arrives at 8:30 pm when, I suppose, you ______ dinner.
—But I can wait.
A.will have B.have had
C.will have had D.are having
63.Advertising often functions as an indicator for ______ society considers to be socially acceptable and desirable at the time.
A.what B.whether
C.how D.which
64.He messed the project up, but he behaved as if nothing ______.
A.had happened B.happened
C.would happen D.would have happened
65.Fortune shows her power ________ there is no wise preparation for resisting her.
A.when B.unless
C.before D.until
66.People of the highest position, ______ culture and education, have often as great hardships as the common people.
A.in light of B.in course of C.in anticipation of D.in respect of
67.Towering over the surrounding buildings ________ the Jinmao skyscraper, which reaches over 600 meters in height, making it a landmark of Shanghai.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
68.The new bullet trains, also known as electric multiple units (EMU), boast top speeds of 400 kilometers an hour and a ________ speed of 350 kilometers an hour.
A.controversial B.consistent C.constructive D.considerable
69.There’s always room for a story that can _________ people to another place.
A.transport B.adjust C.relate D.guarantee
70.Never once _________ with each other since they were married 40 years ago
A.did the old couple quarrel B.have the couple quarreled
C.quarreled the couple D.would the couple quarrel
71.No one I know ________ any reliable way to prevent the crushing pain but some books say to try stretching exercising and warm baths.
A.came up with B.split off from C.pull out of D.hold on to
72.Premier Li expressed more efforts will be ________ education, such as reducing the rural dropout rate and addressing the problem of heavy extracurricular burdens on primary and secondary school students.
A.put on B.counted on C.kept on D.taken on
73.The employer confirmed his claim he had made to the employees _______he said he would improve treatment and working conditions.
A.what B.that C.when D.where
74.In the final of the World Indoor Championships, Su Bingtian locked a personal best of 6.42 seconds, ________ the Asian record of 6.43, which he also set last month in Germany.
A.to break B.breaking C.broken D.having broken
75._________ what would happen the following day, they would have reconsidered their thoughts.
A.Did they know B.Were they to know C.Had they known D.should they know
76.The Academy Awards don't represent any absolute standard of excellence or quality. ________, they demonstrate the particular taste of a group of people at a specific point in time.
A.Rather B.Therefore C.Still D.Otherwise
77.The cities of Manchester and Salford recently saw the launch of 1000 mobikes while its rival has launched a trial in Cambridge with plans for ________.
A.occupation B.separation C.dimension D.expansion
78.In no country Britain, as has been mentioned previously in this brochure, experience four seasons during the course of a single day.
A.aside from; one can B.more than; one can
C.rather than; can one D.other than; can one
79.In the library you can use your own computer to connect to Wi-Fi specially _____ for readers.
A.preparing B.to prepare
C.prepared D.prepare
80.Although we produce carbon when we breathe, the carbon we produce is much less than _____ produced by a car.
A.that B.it
C.one D.the one
81.I noticed that he was wearing shoes that did not match. He too hard to notice.
A.might be working B.can have worked
C.must have been working D.should have been worked
82.–I’m still working on my project.
–Oh, you’ll miss the deadline. Time is .
A.running out B.using up
C.giving out D.losing out
83.When you look at ________ will have become a large tree, you will find a sense of satisfaction________ that you did your part to help solve the problem of climate change.
A.something; known B.which; to know
C.those; know D.what; knowing
84.I wouldn’t have punched him if it ________ for the fact that he ________ to apologize to me yesterday.
A.were not; refused B.were not; had refused
C.had not been; refused D.had not been; had refused
85.When the minister came in, the two cheaters were sitting before the weaver, busily.
A.pretending working B.pretended having worked
C.pretending to be working D.pretended to have worked
86.Although this product is environmental protection, few people show interest in it because of its high price.
A.in terms of B.in favor of
C.on account of D.in response to
87.We’ll build a power station ______ water resources are plentiful.
A.where B.in which
C.which D.that
88.________to our surprise, he went over all his notes in such a short time, ________for the next day's examination.
A.Very; preparing B.Much; prepared
C.Greatly; to be prepared D.Rather; being prepared
89.Hawaii is ________a beautiful place of interest. It is also famous for its rich cultural relics.
A.more than B.less than
C.other than D.rather than
90.Jess was sad and her friend helped her ______ the first awful weeks after her husband Bill died.
A.break through B.break down
C.get through D.get rid of
91.There is small temple on the island, which can only be reached by _____water.
A.a; 不填 B.a; the C.the; the D.the; 不填
92.—What happened to the young trees we planted last week?
—The trees ________ well, but I didn’t water them.
A.might grow B.needn’t have grown
C.would have grown D.would grow
93.My sister met him in the street yesterday afternoon, so he ______ your lecture.
A.shouldn’t have attended B.couldn’t have attended
C.mustn’t have attended D.needn’t have attended
94.They did not find _____ to prepare for the worst conditions they might meet.
A.worth their while B.it worthwhile
C.it worth D.it worthy
95.—Next week I will go to a job interview. will you give me some suggestions?
—Smiling is a great way to make yourself ________.
A.stand out B.turn out
C.work out D.pick out
96.—What’s up? You look worried.
—Well, I ______ on the problem for 5 hours but I haven’t got a single clue.
A.have worked B.worked
C.will work D.have been working
97.—______ you sing and dance at this late hour of the night?
—Sorry, I will stop right now.
A.May B.Shall
C.Will D.Must
98.By the time my mother came back from work, my sister and I ________ supper and were waiting for her at the table.
A.have cooked B.were cooking C.had cooked D.would cook
99.For some time now, Chinese people, under the leadership of CPC, ______ the contents of the Scientific Development Theory in the course of practicing socialism in China.
A.had been improving B.have been improving
C.were improving D.improved
100.Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _______say where he was.
A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.wouldn’t D.mightn’t
参考答案:
1.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。A. production产品;B. offer提议,出价; C. range范围;D. division部门,分配。句意:这家餐馆因其各式各样的食物而受欢迎,这些食物适合所有人的口味和口袋。表示“大范围的,各种各样的”,故选C。
2.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们的儿子终于回来了,这对父母来说是一种巨大的宽慰。A. relief宽慰,缓解,减轻;B. sense感觉;C. relaxion放松;D. favor恩惠。在该句中,it是形式主语,代指“that their son finally came back safe and sound”,孩子安全回来可以缓解父母之前的担心焦虑。故A选项正确。
3.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:这本应该是平装本的终结和数字媒体的黎明,但是一些书店在互联网时代却以惊人的成功幸存了下来。A. deadline最后期限;B. dawn黎明;C. dusk黄昏;D. departure离开。the end与dawn相对。故B选项正确。
4.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:——菲奥纳从没有在晋升机会中失利过。——她是一个有雄心抱负的女子。A. ambition雄心,抱负;B. attention注意;C. expectation期望;D. reputation名声。根据上一句说她从没有在晋升机会中失利过,推断她是个雄心抱负的女子。故选A。
5.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意:——如果你没有足够的钱买一个新车,你为什么不先买一辆二手的呢?——这是一个好建议。A .saying说法,B. question问题,C suggestion建议,D.account账户,描述。根据“Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?”可知,这只是一个建议。选C。
6.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。她是那么地关心孩子以至于大学毕业后把她大部分时间都花在儿童福利事业(welfare)上。
7.B
【解析】
【分析】
考查名词辨析。句意:按时付电费很重要,因为付晚了会影响你的信用。A. profession 职业; B. credit信用;C. income收入; D. profit利润。根据“It is important to pay your electricity bill on time”可知此处表示“信用”,故选B。
【详解】
8.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查形容词辨析。 句意:从他对国外旅行经历的生动描述中,我们觉得我们好像也去过那里。A. vivid生动的;B. qualified合格的;C. available可获得的;D. curious好奇的。根据we felt as if we had been there, too.可知他的描述很生动,故选A。
9.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词 + have done的用法。句意:她的同伴一定是跟她开了个玩笑,因为那天她心情不好。A. can’t have played不可能开玩笑;B. must have played一定在开玩笑;
C. should have played本应该开玩笑;D. needn’t have played本不需要开玩笑。表示对过去发生的事情的非常有把握的肯定推测,故选B。
10.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查连词辨析。句意:既然你已经看到他状况不佳,你就应该明白为什么他不得不从事两份兼职工作。A. As long as只要;B. Unless除非;C. Now that既然; D. While尽管。根据题意,故选C。
11.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:与我们的小公寓相比,叔叔的房子就像一座宫殿。“叔叔的房子”和“比较”之间是被动关系,用过去分词作状语,故选A。
【点睛】
一、过去分词作状语时的功能及位置
1. 过去分词作状语,修饰谓语动词,进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态,即动作发生时的背景或状况,其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语,且主语是过去分词动作的承受者,即过去分词表示的动作不是句子的主语发出的;过去分词与主语之间是动宾关系,即被动关系。如:
Although built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful. 尽管这座房子是30年前被建造的,它看起来依然很漂亮。
2. 过去分词短语作条件、原因及时间状语时,通常放在句首;作伴随、结果状语时,通常放在句末;作方式状语时,一般放在句末,有时也放在句首;作让步状语时,一般放在句首,有时也放在句末。如:
Given more time, he can do it better. 如果他被给予更多的时间,他就能把它做得更好。
二、 与状语从句的转换
1. 过去分词短语作时间状语,可转换为when, while或after等引导的状语从句。如:
Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful.→When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. 从山上往下看,这座公园看起来更加漂亮。
2. 作条件状语,可转换为if, once或unless等引导的状语从句。如:
United we will stand; divided we will fall.→If we are united we will stand; if we are divided we will fall. 团结就是胜利;分裂必然失败。
3. 作原因状语,可转换为as, since或because等引导的状语从句。如:
Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder.→As he is encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. 由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞,他工作更努力了。
4. 作让步状语,可转换为although, though或even if等引导的状语从句。如:
Although exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey.→Although we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. 我们虽然爬得很累,但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。
5. 作方式状语,如有连词as if,就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句;若无连词,则转换为并列结构。如:
He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.→He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake. 他大叫起来,好像被蛇咬了。
6. 作伴随状语,一般转换为并列结构。如:
Aunt Wu came in, followed by her daughter.→Aunt Wu came in, and (she) was followed by her daughter. 吴大娘走进来,(她)后面跟着她的女儿。
12.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和语态。句意:据报道,洪水灾区目前正在修建许多新房子。表示正在进行的动作,用现在进行时;“许多新房子”和“修建”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,故选D。
13.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查同位语从句和定语从句。句意:许多毕业生认为他们最好申请一个能把知识和技能结合起来的职位。______ they had better apply for a post ______ they can combine knowledge with skills.是一个同位语从句,引导词在从句中不作任何成分,也没有实际意义,用that;______ they can combine knowledge with skills.是一个定语从句,修饰先行词a post,关系词在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词,故选D。
【点睛】
英语中有一些名词如fact, idea, news, word, hope, promise, suggestion, reply, problem, belief, doubt, truth, order, thought等,它们本身有一定的意义,但表达得不够具体。为了使其表达的意义更加具体明确,其后常跟有一个从句,用来补充说明该名词的内容,这个从句就叫作同位语从句。例如:The news that our team had won the match spread the whole country.
有时如果主句的谓语动词较短,为保持句子平衡,避免头重脚轻,同位语从句也常与要说明的分词分开。例如:Word came that he died yesterday. 消息传来说他昨天死了。
同位语从句的引导词。
1. 表示陈述意义时通常用that。注意that不能省略。例如:
The fact that he didn’t pass the college entrance examination disappointed his parents.
The king made a promise that he would make anyone rich if one could cure his illness.
2. 当名词doubt用在否定句中时,其后的同位语从句应用that引导;而用在肯定句或疑问句中时则可以用其他词来引导。例如:
I never have the doubt that you can look after yourself.
Some people have the doubt how such a little boy can lift so heavy a box.
3. 表示“是否”的意思时只能用whether,不能用if。这一点与主语从句相似。例如:
The question whether he can finish the work within two days remains unknown.
4. 表示疑问时也可用其他引导词。例如:
This student asked a good question why pollution can’t be stopped.
14.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定句型。句意:我认为你取得驾驶执照不会有任何困难。have difficulty in doing sth. 在某方面有困难,该句型是固定句型,故选B。
15.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:一听到警车的声音,强盗们惊慌地跑开了,留下一些被抢的钱。“留下”的逻辑主语是“强盗们”,它们之间是主动关系,用现在分词表示意料之中的结果,做结果状语,故选C。
16.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:——你认为这家健身俱乐部怎么样?——我宁愿没有参加这个俱乐部。我感觉这个俱乐部的管理越来越差了。本句是对过去的情况的虚拟。would rather后面所带的从句一般用虚拟语气,如果“宁愿过去做过某事”,从句要用过去完成时,根据语境可知,是说“宁愿过去没有参加过”,故要用过去完成时,因此选B。
【点睛】
would rather 后接句子时,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气。与过去事实相反的用过去完成时;与现在事实相反的用一般过去时。
1、如果从句用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望。
I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
I’d rather you came next Saturday. 我宁愿你下星期六来。
I’d rather she sat next to me. 我宁愿她挨着我坐。
2、从句用过去完成时表过去的愿望。
I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
I’d rather you hadn’t done that. 我宁愿你没这样做。
I’d rather you had been been present。我 (宁) 愿你当时在场。
17.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。route路线,固定线路;routine常规; 正常顺序,习惯;behavior行为,表现;tendency倾向,趋势, 趋向。根据“他六点起床,跑半个小时,然后吃饭”,可知那是他早上的例行公事(routine)即习惯。故选B。
18.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查冠词。句意:随着一种更健康的生活方式的推广,自行车也就同时成为人们上路代步的工具。第一个空表示数量“一”,所以要用不定代词a;“on the go”为固定搭配,意为“忙个不停; 十分活跃”,故第二个空是固定搭配。因此选C。
19.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查介词词组辨析。A. On account of由于,因为;B. With regard to关于,至于;C. In response to对------有反应;D. In view of鉴于,考虑到。句意:收到您的邀请我总是很高兴,关于6月9日高考后的晚会,我很乐意参加。结合句意可知答案为B。
20.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查定语从句。句意:--Bob,你认为教学怎么样?--我发现它非常有趣和富有挑战性。这是一个既严肃又很有趣的工作。这是个定语从句,先行词是job,从句中缺少状语,用where,故选B。
【点睛】
定语从句是复合句考查的重点之一,对于定语从句,要做到四点:一是准确判断出该句是定语从句;二是找准先行词;三是分析出从句所缺少的成分;四是掌握关系词的基本用法。只有做到这三点才能准确的判断出该使用哪个关系词。本小题考查的是定语从句的关系词,首先判断出这是个定语从句,其次找出先行词是job表地点,再次从句中缺少状语语,最后根据关系词的基本用法,可知,此处用where。考生按照这个方法便能准确判断出关系词。
21.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查代词。句意:根据最近的一项研究,黑人男性的高中毕业率下降了43%,而黑人女性的毕业率上升了56%。that 用作指示代词(复数形式是those),还可为了避免重复,代替前述名词,此处指代的是the high school graduation rate,故选A。
22.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词辨析。A. release释放;B. schedule安排,预定;C. maintain维持,继续;D. address处理,从事,忙于。句意:由于雾霾经常笼罩着中国的大城市,政府承受着越来越大的压力,要求处理空气污染的原因。结合句意可知答案为D。
23.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定句型。句意:如果你能献血,许多生命将被拯救。此处是考查特殊句式中的:祈使句+and+陈述句,祈使句是以动词原形开头,故选D。
24.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词性从句。句意:--我想知道是什么使你学习如此努力?--去上我梦想的大学。这是特殊疑问句在宾语从句中的运用,在宾语从句中,疑问句要使用陈述语序,同时这是个强调句,需用what it is that,故选D。
【点睛】
名词性从句关键在于三点:一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词从句中充当的成分(主、宾、定或状语)三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意,近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。本题从语序上进行了考查,根据要使用陈述语序,可知排除A、C,根据连接词的用法可知,用what引导,可排除B。
25.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词。句意:未经校长允许,任何学生不得离开学校去吃午饭。might可能;must一定,必须;shall会,将;could能够。本句是一条禁令。shall用于肯定句并且主语是第一、三人称时,表示允诺,警告,劝告等语气。故选C。
26.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:我后悔没有采纳你的意见。否则,我不会现在犯这么多错误。Otherwise表示“否则”,隐含一种条件在里面,现在这“条件”是不真实的,用虚拟语气;主句中at the moment表示现在,对现在的虚拟用would+动词原形,故选B。
27.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:看那边!有一条长长的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。分析句式可知,这是个there be 句型,因此,此处用非谓语动词,path与lead是主动关系,因此用现在分词,故选B。
28.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意:如果没有适当的课程,孩子们很可能在弹钢琴时染上一些坏习惯。keep up 保持;catch up赶上;pick up捡起,学会;give up放弃。根据句意并结合选项可知,此处用pick up最合句意,故选C。
29.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查倒装句和时态。句意:直到表演结束,观众们才有机会和这位受人尊重的演员合影。Not until位于句首时,主句用部分倒装,表演结束提示用一般过去时A、B两项都没有倒装,故选C。
30.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查地点状语从句。句意:这位新老师条理非常清楚,她从我们昨天停止的地方开始,没有遗漏要点。这里不是定语从句,因为没有先行词,所以不能用in which;表示昨天我们停止的地方,表地点,要用where,故选D。
31.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查短语辨析。句意:这不是一种获得更多水的经济方法,相反,它非常昂贵。A. worse still更糟的是;B. on the contrary相反;C. in short总之;D. in addition另外。前后句意思相反,故选B。
32.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意:你清点完订购的每一件东西后,将这份记录存档。A. checked in办理登记手续;B. checked off清点;C. checked out办理退房手续;D. checked with与……相符合。checked off“清点”符合语境。故B选项正确。
33.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查交际用语。句意:——早上好,我能为您效劳吗?——不,谢谢。我只是随便看看。——您慢慢看。A. It’s up to you由你决定;B. How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎么样?;C. Thanks for coming to see me谢谢你来看我;D. Take your time then慢慢来。Take your time then符合语境。故D选项正确。
34.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词短语。句意:这本书有几章?--三个章节。分析句子可知,本句缺乏谓语,consist of包括,无被动语态,故选B。
35.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查交际用语。句意:——你介意稍微移动一下吗?我要从这里过去。——一点也不介意,我很愿意帮忙。A. Not in the slightest根本不;B. Don’t mention it不客气;C. Never mind没关系;D. At your service愿意为您服务。由“I’d like to help”可知,作者一点也不介意。故A选项正确。
36.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查状语从句。句意:--你高中毕业还有多长时间?--大概两三个月。when当……什么时候;until直到……才;before在……之前。这里before引导时间状语从句,此处“It will be+一段时间+before...”表示“还有多久就”,这是个固定句型,此处是用在特殊疑问句中,故选D。
37.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查定语从句。句意:他写了一封信。在信里,他解释了事故中发生的事。分析句子结构可知,“_____ he explained what had happened in the accident”是定语从句,修饰a letter,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导该从句。C选项正确。
38.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:——朱丽叶说她昨天发给你一张生日贺卡。你收到了吗?——真的吗?我还没有检查邮箱呢。A. examined侧重检查人或事物存在的问题(毛病)、故障或违禁等;B. reviewed侧重再检查、复审;C. tested侧重测验、试验质量、水平等是否合格;D. checked检查、核对、核实,侧重看前后数量等是否一致,也用于判断事物的正误,有无等。根据语境,该处指第二个说话人没有检查邮箱里有没有邮件。故D选项正确。
39.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词用法。句意:你应该让你的孩子自己做作业。该题考查leave的用法。表示“让某人去做某事”,应该用leave的复合结构leave sb. to do sth.,没有leave sb. do结构;leave sb./sth. done意为“使得某人/物被……”。B选项正确。
40.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查条件状语从句。句意:以防你购物的时候忘了给孩子们买糖果,把这个便条留在身边。C. in case以防;D. even if即使 。分享前后句可知,前后句为条件关系,故选C。
41.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词推测用法。句意:Jim来了吗?--我不知道,在我不在的时候,可能来过。根据前文I don’t know.可知,说话者不知道Jim来没来,因此后文推测来过,但是语气很不确定,故可知选A。对过去情况的推测 为情态动词+have done,must have done 一定做了某事,should have done 应该来过,不符合,故选A。
【点睛】
情态动词+have+过去分词的用法,表示推测或判断过去的情况。
can/could+have+过去分词用法:①多用于否定句和疑问句中。表示对过去某事发生的可能性的否定或质疑,意为:不可能(已经)......了-(否定句)/可能(已经)......了嘛?-(疑问句)②用于肯定句中。表示对过去没有做某事的遗憾,含有轻微的责备,意为:本来可以......的(但实际上没有......)。You could have done better, but you were too careless.(肯定句。他能做得更好的)
should/ought to+have+过去分词用法:用于肯定句中。表示对过去没有做某事的遗憾,含有责备的意思,意为:本来应该......的(但实际上没有......)。用于否定句中-表示对过去已经做了某事的责备,意为:本来不应该......的(但实际上已经......了)。He should have been asleep.(肯定句,他本应去睡觉的)He shouldn't have been asleep.(否定句,他本来不应该去睡觉的)。
may/might+have+过去分词用法:用于肯定句和否定句中,表示对过去发生某事的可能性的推测,意为:或许(已经)....../或许还没有......。It is too late. He may have gone to bed.
must+have+过去分词用法:表示对过去发生的事情十分肯定的推测。must表示推测时,不能用在否定句和疑问句中。I must have forgotten to tell you.(must 的引入,表达了说话者对过去忘记告诉你的这件事肯定推测)
needn't+have+过去分词
用法:表示对过去已经做了某事的后悔,意为:本来可以不必......的(可实际上却已经......)You needn't have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my home.
42.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查强调。句意:如果你有一份工作,专注于你的工作,最终你就会成功。分析句子可知,______ yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.为祈使句,表示强调谓语动作,要在动词前面加do,故选A。
43.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查连接词。句意:青少年所意识不到的是他们染上毒瘾后生活会变得多么艰难。分析句子可知,第一空是主语从句,从句中realize缺少宾语所以用关系代词what来充当宾语,表示“所……的”;第二空是表语从句,此句是一个感叹句,空后面的词是形容词difficult所以用how修饰。故D选项正确。
【点睛】
what常用来引导名词性从句,即主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句。what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点:
一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义,常表示“什么”,“所…的”,“…的样子”等.
二是它在相应的名词性从句中一定做成分,而且常做主语,宾语或表语。
how引导的感叹句有三种结构形式;感叹副词how用来修饰其后的形容词或副词,也可以修饰动词。
1.How+形容词+主语+谓语!例如:
2.How+副词+主语+谓语!例如:
3.How+主语+谓语!例如:
what引导的感叹句也有三种结构形式;感叹形容词what作定语,用来修饰它后面的名词或词组。
1.what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
2.what+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!
3.what+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!
分析句子可知,第一空是主语从句,从句中realize缺少宾语所以用关系代词what来充当宾语。第二空是表语从句,此句是一个感叹句,空后面的词是形容词difficult所以用how修饰。故D选项正确。
44.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查介词短语。句意:这款新产品很快获得了极高的赞扬,并且因其超级好的质量而迅速占领了市场。A. in terms of就……而言;B. on account of由于;C. on behalf of代表……;D. on top of在……顶端。商品能够迅速占领市场,是由于超级好的质量,所以前后是因果关系。故B选项正确。
45.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查定语从句。句意:分手是两个相爱的人的事,其他人不应该卷入。先行词是前面一句话,“被卷入”用be involved in,in介词提前,关系代词要用which,故选D。
46.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意:——你怎么了?——我生病了,我刚才不应该吃那么多冰激凌。A. shouldn’t eat不应该吃;B. mustn’t eat禁止吃;C. couldn’t have eaten不可能吃;D. shouldn’t have eaten本来不应该吃。根据just now可知,是发生在过去,故选D。
47.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意:这是一本非常有趣的书。不管花多少钱我都会买它的。no matter how和however都可以引导让步状语从句,no matter how或however的后面要接形容词或副词,然后再接从句的其他部分,且从句应用陈述句语序。表示花钱多少应该用much,many指代可数名词复数。综上,A选项正确。
48.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查谓语动词。句意:和我们说话的那个人一开始没有发表评论。we spoke作the fellow的定语从句,speak不及物,表示和某人谈话应用speak to sb.故该定语从句补充完整为we spoke to,剩余部分为主句,根据spoke可知,主句叙述的是过去的事情,故谓语动词应用made。综上,该空应填to made。B选项正确。
49.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意:我20岁的时候,毕业之前,我不得不在毕业前辍学在一家服装店工作帮忙养活家庭。A. come out出版,发行;B. stay out不在家;C. leave out遗漏,省略;D. drop out退学,退出。根据“work in a clothes shop to help support my family”可知,作者没毕业就辍学工作了。故D选项正确。
50.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:政府限制进口车的数量。A. limitations局限性;B. administration管理;C. requirements要求;D. restrictions限制。本句为短语place restrictions on 限制,故选D。limitation作为限制意思时,为不可数名词,故不选A。
51.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:他们中的一些人,在农村长大,从来没见过火车。分析句子可知,in rural villages部分为定语,修饰Some of them,与其为动宾关系,故用过去分词形式,同时也是表示一种状态,故选B。
【点睛】
过去分词作定语,过去分词作定语可以位于名词之前或名词之后。
位于名词之前的过去分词定语一般只有单个词。
The new product finally passed the required test. 新产品终于通过了要求的测试。
Those repeated efforts were still inadequate. 这些重复的努力仍然不足。
过去分词之前还可以有副词修饰,如:
The prime minister issued a cautiously worded statement this afternoon. 今天下午首相发表了一份措辞谨慎的声明。
如果是过去分词短语或结构,则放在名词后作后置定语。
The idea presented by Peter is much simpler. 彼得提出的想法要简单得多。
It is a house built by the Romans. 它是一栋古罗马人建的房屋。
本题为过去分词作定语,修饰主语。
52.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查完全倒装。句意:故事围绕这一点展开,让其充满幽默和本土气息。分析句子可知,Around this point为表示位置的短语,同时主语不是人称代词,故需用完全倒装,把整个谓语放在主语之前,故选C。
53.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查副词短语。句意:如果人们一直污染海洋的话,从长远来看 ,没有生物能够幸存。A. at all cost不惜以任何代价;B. for a long while很长时间;C. in the long run从长远来看;D. by no means决不。根据句意可知,海洋污染对生物的影响,故选C。
54.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:Mr. Wilson是一个善良又耐心的人,同时一直脾气都很好。A. fails (品质或能力)有负于;(使)不如愿;不够;B. disappoints使失望;C. controls控制;D. worries担忧。故选A。
55.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:主席的建议是应该制定新的规则。分析句子可知,the new rule部分为suggestion的同位语从句,解释说明suggestion的具体内容,从句谓语部分用should的虚拟语气,should可以省略,综述选D。
56.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查定语从句。句意:下马不久,上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了。他从那里除了树木什么也没看到。he could see nothing but trees.为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词at the second-floor windows,故用from where,相当于and from at the second-floor windows,而from where 比where具体形象,故选B。
【点睛】
From where 引导定语从句的用法。用于引导非限制性定语从句,在意义上相当于 and from there(从那儿)。如:
He hid himself in a tree, from where he could see the enemy in the distance. 他躲在一棵树上,从那儿他可以看到远处的敌人。
We went up to the roof, from where we had a good view of the procession. 我们爬上屋顶,从那儿可以很好地观看游行。
Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second storey windows, from where he could see nothing but trees.下马不久,上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了.他从那里除了树木什么也没看到.(引导定语从句)
划线部分相当于…,and from at the windows…不可变为from which…,直接用where不如用from where更具体.
2、She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town.她登上山顶,从那里她可以一览全城风光.(引导定语从句)
划线部分相当于…,and from on the top of the hill或from on the top of which…,不可变为from which,也可直接用where引导,但语义较为含糊,不如用from where更加生动、形象、具体.
57.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动名词。句意:暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。分析句子成分发现even for a short time是插入语,may influence是谓语,前面的部分应该是主语,be exposed to“暴露于”,要用动名词Being exposed to。故B选项正确。
58.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词。句意:——有一台计算机来储存照片真是太棒了。——不要过度依赖它。它有时候也会出故障,你最好做一个备份。计算机出故障这是可能的事情,表示客观可能性用can。must肯定,必须;should应该;will表意愿。故B选项正确。
59.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:——真可惜!你错过了我的生日聚会。——非常抱歉!要是我叔叔没有突然来看我,(我就不会错过你的生日聚会了)。根据语境该句补充完整为:_____ my uncle not visited unexpectedly, I wouldn’t have missed your birthday party. 该句表示对过去事情的虚拟,条件句部分应用had done形式。在虚拟条件句中,从句中有助动词had时,可将if省略,had提前,故C选项正确。
60.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词性从句。句意:在很多方面,人工智能的神奇之处在于它不是你能看见或触摸到的。“____ it’s not something you can see or touch”是表语从句,该从句意思和结构完整,解释人工智能的神奇之处在何处,故应用that引导该从句。故选C。
【点睛】
本题考查名词性从句,首先判断属于哪种名词性从句,再判断从句缺少什么成分,如果缺少主宾表,用what,不缺少成分和意思用that,缺少疑问词根据句意判断。
61.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:周三,中国的嫦娥4号机器人探测器进入月球轨道,标志着它在月球远端软着陆任务中迈出了重要一步。逗号前是主句,逗号后是非限制性定语,修饰整个主句,结合句意,主句和mark之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作定语,A选项正确。
【点睛】
不定式和现在分词均可用结果状语,但两者用法有区别:现在分词用作结果状语,通常表示一种自然的结果,即属预料之中的事;不定式用作结果状语,主要表示没有预料到的情况或结果,即属预料之外的事。
62.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态。句意:——杰克,我的飞机晚上8点到,我想那时你可能已经吃过晚饭了。——但我可以等。8:00 pm是表示将来的时间,在将来某个时间已经完成的动作用将来完成时,即shall/will have+过去分词,故选C.
【点睛】
一、将来完成时的结构:shall/will have+过去分词
二、将来完成时用法:
1、表示将来某时之前或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作。
She will have written it tomorrow at noon.明天中午她就会写好了。
They will have been graduated from the university before he returns from abroad.在他从国外回来之前他们就大学毕业了。
2、表示一个持续到将来某时或某动作发生之前的动作。
By next Monday, she will have studied here for three years.到下周一,她在这里学习就要满3年了。
The concert will begin at half past eight. They will have played half an hour when you arrive.音乐会将在8点半开始。你到达时,他们将已经演奏半小时了。
3、表示对现在或将来可能已经完成动作的推测,对过去实况的推测。
He will have arrived by now.他这是可能已经到了。
He is a somebody now. He will have forgotten his old friends.他现在是个要人了,可能把老朋友都忘了。
You'll have heard that China will launch another spaceship.中国将要发射另一艘宇宙飞船,你可能已经听说了。
63.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查介词的宾语从句。句意:广告常常作为一种标志,说明当时社会认为什么是可接受和可取的。此处for后面是一个介词的宾语从句,从句缺少引导词,从句的谓语动词considers缺少宾语,故答案为A。
64.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:他把这个项目搞糟了,但他表现的好像什么也没发生一样。as if引导的从句表示与事实相反的情况时,应用虚拟语气。该句表示对过去的虚拟,根据as if的虚拟规则,该处应用过去完成时态。A选项正确。
65.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查连词辨析。句意:没有明智的准备抵抗命运,命运就会显示她的力量。A. when当…时;B. unless除非;C. before在…之前;D. until直到。此处表示在没有准备的时候,故选A。
66.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意:关于文化和教育方面,地位最高的人往往和普通人一样有很大的困难。A. in light of根据,鉴于;B. in course of在……过程中;C. in anticipation of期待,预期;D. in respect of关于,涉及。这里表示“关于,关于某一方面”,故选D。
67.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查主谓一致和时态。句意:金茂大厦高耸于周围建筑之上,高度超过600米,是上海的地标建筑。表方位的词放在句首句子倒装,正常语序是:The Jinmao skyscraper is towering over the surrounding buildings,与主语the Jinmao skyscraper一致,谓语用第三人称单数;is和Towering构成进行时,故选B。
68.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意:新的子弹头列车,又称动车组,自称最高时速400公里和一个相当快的时速350公里。A. controversial有争议的;B. consistent一致的;C. constructive建设性的;D. considerable相当大的。considerable speed指相当快的速度,与前面的top speeds并列,故选D。
69.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:对于一个故事来说,总有余地可以把人们带到另一个地方。A. transport运送,运输;B. adjust调整;C. relate叙述,涉及;D. guarantee保证。transport to把……运送到,这里指故事情节把人们吸引到别处,故选A。
70.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查倒装和时态。句意:这对夫妇自从40年前结婚以来,从来没有吵过架。否定词Never放在句首,句子要部分倒装,根据从句since they were married 40 years ago可知,主句要用现在完成时,助动词have提到主语之前,句子部分倒装。故选B。
【点睛】
hardly, in no way, little, scarcely, seldom, never, no more, no longer, not, not only, no sooner, not only…(but also), not until…等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。如:
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。
Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。
Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night. 她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。
71.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意:据我所知,没有人能想出任何可靠的方法来防止这种剧烈的疼痛,但有些书上说可以尝试伸展运动和热水澡。A. came up with提出,想出;B. split off from 从…脱离出来;C. pull out of拉出;D. hold on to坚持,克制。这里表示想出方法,故选A。
72.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意:李克强总理表示将在教育上做更多努力,减少农村辍学率,解决中小学生课余负担过重的问题。A. put on增加;B. counted on指望,依靠;C. kept on继续;D. taken on呈现,具有。A项符合语境。
73.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查同位语从句。句意:老板证实了他曾经对雇员许下的改善待遇和工作条件的允诺。此处that引导的同位语从句指代前面名词claim的具体内容。故选B。
【点睛】
一、同位语从句的定义
在复合句主句中名词性成分之后与该名词性成分并列,补充说明该名词性成分的有关情况的名词性从句,被称为同位语从句。同位语从句的先行词通常为answer, hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea, promise, information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory等抽象名词。
二、同位语从句的引导词
引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等。
1、由that引导
例句:He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun. 他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。
注意1:在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可省略。如:
They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。
注意2:引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。如:
He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2、由whether引导
例句:We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。
注意:whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。
3、由连接代词引导
例句:Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?
4、由连接副词引导
例句:I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
74.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语和时态。句意:在世界室内田径锦标赛的决赛中,苏炳添以6.42秒的成绩刷新了个人最好成绩,打破了他上个月在德国创下的6.43的亚洲纪录。句中已经有谓语动词locked,与主句之间没有连词,逗号连接,故判断空格处用非谓语动词;逻辑主语Su Bingtian和动词break是主动关系,故用现在分词,两个动作没有先后之分用breaking,故选B。
75.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意:如果他们知道第二天会发生什么,他们就会重新考虑他们的想法。此句是if从句和过去事实相反的情况,从句用had+过去分词,主句用would/could/should/ might +have+过去分词。这种虚拟条件句可以把had提前,省去if,故选C。
【点睛】
If虚拟条件句如果含有had/should/were时,可省略if把句子倒装,把had/should/were提到主语前面。
如:1. If I were you, I would take his advice.
→Were I you, I would take his advice.
2. If I had known about the lecture, I would have taken it.
→Had I known about the lecture, I would have taken it.
3. If there should be a letter for me, please keep it in the drawer.
→Should there be a letter for me, please keep it in the drawer.
76.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查副词。句意:奥斯卡金像奖并不代表任何绝对的优秀或质量标准,不如说,它们展示了一群人在特定时间点的独特品味。A. Rather宁可,不如说;B. Therefore因此;C. Still仍然;D. Otherwise否则。前后两句是转折关系,而且对前面一句不是完全否定,故选A项符合语境。
77.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:曼彻斯特和索尔福德最近有1000个摩拜单车投放市场,而它的竞争对手已经在剑桥开始了一个扩展计划试验。A. occupation职业;B. separation分离;C. dimension方面;D. expansion扩展。while表示“对比”,此处指扩展计划,故选D。
78.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定词组和倒装句。Other than除…之外;apart from除…之外(适用所有情况);rather than而不是;当否定词或者半否定词放在句首的时候,后面句子使用部分倒装的形式。句意:除了在英国,没有一个国家在一天可以经历四个季节。根据句意说明D正确。
【名师点睛】
当否定词或者半否定词放在句首的时候,后面句子使用部分倒装的形式;than的词组较多,平时要注意辨析。
1.含有否定意义的副词位于句首时的倒装:
在正式文体中,never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首,则其后要用部分倒装:
如:I shall never forgive him./ Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。
注:对于not…until句型,当not until…位于句首时,其后的主句要用倒装语序:
如:He didn't leave the room until the rain stopped./Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。
2.某些起副词作用的介词短语,由于含有否定词,若位于句首,其后要用部分倒装:
如:On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。
79.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:在这个图书馆,你能用你自己的电脑连接特别为读者准备的Wi-Fi。设空处修饰名词Wi-Fi,和名词之间是被动关系,应用过去分词做后置定语,故选C。
80.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查代词。句意:虽然我们呼吸的时候生产碳,我们生产的碳比汽车生产的碳少得多。carbon是不可数名词,用that替代,故答案为A。
81.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词完成式表示推测。句意:我注意到他穿着不相配的鞋子。他一定是在一直工作很难注意到。must have been doing sth.一定是在做某事,表示对过去事情有把握的肯定推测,故选C。
82.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查短语辨析。A. running out 用完; B. using up用完,耗尽(及物动词);
C. giving out分发,精疲力竭(及物动词);D. losing out输掉,失败。当表示时间用完、耗尽的时候多用run out。give out 分发,精疲力竭。句意:——我仍然在做这个项目。——啊!你肯定不能如期完成了。因为快没时间了。故A正确。
83.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查宾语从句和非谓语动词。句意:当你看到将变成了一棵大树的时候,你会发现一种满足感,知道你为解决气候变化问题所做的贡献。第一空是what引导的宾语从句,既做引导词又在句中做主语;第二空是现在分词表伴随状态。故选D。
84.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气和时态。句意:如果不是昨天他拒绝向我道歉这个事实的话,我就不会揍他。第一空是过去完成时态,表示与过去的事实相反;第二空陈述过去一个事实,用一般过去时态。故选C。
85.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:当部长进来的时候,两个骗子坐在织工前面,假装正在忙着工作。pretend to be doing sth.假装正在做某事,根据句意可知此处是现在分词做伴随状态,故选C。
86.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查词组。A. in terms of 就---而言; B. in favor of支持;C. on account of 为了---的缘故;D. in response to对---有反应。句意:虽然这种产品有利环保,但因其价格昂贵,几乎无人问津。 故选B。
87.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查地点状语从句。句意:我们将在水源资源丰富的地方建造一座发电站。分析句意可知,此处并不是水电站的水资源丰富而是将水电站建在资源丰富的地方,所以从句没有先行词,属于状语从句。故选A。
【名师点睛】
本题考查地点状语从句,同学们很容易弄混定语从句和状语从句。最简单的办法是看where是否有指代先行词,具体可从以下两点来看:
一、where引导定语从句时,where是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语,其前面有表示地点的先行词。例如:
The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
We will start at the point where we left off.
二、where引导状语从句时,where是从属连词,where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词,where前面没有表示地点的先行词。例如:
Wuhan lies where the Changjiang River and the Han Jiang Rivermeet.
Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.
I found my books where I had left them.
有时,where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义,可放在主句的前面,而where引导的定语从句则不能。例如:
Where there is a will, there is a way.〔谚语〕有志者事竟成。
Where there is water, there is life.有水的地方就有生命。
88.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定搭配及过去分词作状语。句意:使我们大为吃惊的是,他在那么短语的时间内把所有的笔记看完,为第二天的考试作好了准备。much to one's surprise 是固定搭配,使某人大为吃惊的是。prepared 是过去分词作状语,相当于一个定语从句 which were / had been prepared...。
【名师点睛】prepare for 和be prepared for 的区别
1.prepare for意为“为……作准备”,for后面的宾语是准备的目的,即所要应付的情况。如:
He is busy preparing for his wedding.他正在准备自己的婚礼。
2.be prepared for.=get ready for sth.为……做好了准备,强调准备好的状态。如:They were prepared for the worst. 他们已准备好了应付最坏的情况。
He was not prepared for the question. 对这个问题,他没有做好思想准备
89.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查短语辨析。句意:夏威夷不仅仅是一个美丽的地方。它还以其丰富的文化遗产而闻名。more than超过;,不仅仅,不只是。less than不足,小于。other than除了。rather than…而不…….。
90.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意:在丈夫Bill去世后,Jess很难过,她的朋友帮助她度过前几个难过的星期。A. break through突破;B. break down崩溃,垮掉,抛锚;C. get through 接通,度过,完成;D. get rid of摆脱,除去。根据“the first awful weeks after her husband Bill died.”可知,此处表示她的朋友帮助她度过前几个难过的星期。故选C。
91.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查冠词的用法。句意:岛上有一座小寺庙,只能通过水路到达。第一空处,可数名词temple在句中表示“一座小寺庙”,泛指,应使用不定冠词修饰,又因空格后small音标中的第一个单节是辅音音素/s/,所以应使用不定冠词a限定;第二空处,介词by表示“乘;坐”时,其后接交通工具(如bus, bike, train, plane, car, taxi, ship等)或与交通工具密切相关的名词(如air, water, land, road等)在句中主要用作方式状语时,不用冠词。句中by water意为“乘船;由水路”,不用冠词。故选A项。
92.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:——我们上星期种的小树怎么样了?——树本来会长得很好,但我没有浇水。根据“but I didn’t water them”可知,此处是指树本来会长得很好,是指与过去事实相反,所以应用would have done。might或许;needn't have done表示“本没有必要做某事而做了”;would表示过去的意愿。故选C。
93.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查“情态动词+have done”用法。句意:我的姐姐昨天下午在街上遇见了他,所以他不可能去听了你的演讲。A. shouldn’t have done本不应该做某事,实际上却做了(虚拟语气);B. couldn’t have done不可能做某事(对过去情况的推测);C. mustn’t have attended无此结构;D. needn’t have done本不需要做某事,实际上却做了(虚拟语气)。根据“My sister met him in the street yesterday afternoon”可知,此处表示“不可能做了某事”,表示对过去的推测,故选B项。
94.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他们觉得为可能遇到的最坏情况做准备是不值得的。worthwhile,worth,worthy都有“值得的”的意思,但用法不同。worth后面只接动名词形式,常用句式:sth. be worth doing。worthy常用作表语和定语,常用句式:sth. be worthy of sth./sth. be worthy to be done/sth. be worthy of being done,不用it作形式主语。worthwhile可作表语和定语,常用句式:It is worthwhile doing sth./It is worthwhile to do sth.。根据空后的动词不定式和选项中的it可知,该题考查It is worthwhile to do sth.的变形。find+it+worthwhile+to do,it是形式宾语,代指to do。故选B。
95.A
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意:——下周我要参加工作面试,您能给我一些建议吗?——微笑是让你自己脱颖而出的很好的方法。A. stand out显眼,出众;B. turn out结果是;C. work out解决;D. pick out挑出。根据语境及常识可知,建议是为了能够帮助人们脱颖而出。故选A。
96.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态。句意:——怎么啦?你看起来很焦急。——唔,我花了5个小时在这个问题上但现在还没有什么头绪。根据时间状语for 5 hours,和后句 but I haven't got a single clue,说明work这个动作从过去开始持续导现在并且还要持续下去,故用现在完成进行时。故选D。
97.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词。句意:——你偏要在深夜又唱又跳吗?——很抱歉,我会马上停止。 A. May 可以,可能; B. Shall 用于第一三人称的疑问句,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示,用于二三人称的陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心等;C. Will 表示请求或建议;表示意愿或表示现在的习惯;D. Must必须,一定,偏要。此处表示“偏要,偏偏”,用must符合语境。故选D。
98.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态。句意:当我妈妈下班回来的时候,我和姐姐已经煮好晚饭,在桌子旁等着她。根据By the time my mother came back from work可知,主句描述的动作发生在my mother came back from work之前,属于“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故选C项。
99.B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态。句意:一段时间以来,中国人民在中国共产党领导下,在实践社会主义的过程中不断完善科学发展理论的内容。此处指中国人们一直在丰富这科学发展观的内容,故使用现在完成进行时,表示一个动作从过去开始到现在,并将继续持续下去,其基本形式是have/has been doing。故选B。
100.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词。句意:数天后,我弟弟打电话说他很好,但不肯告诉我他在哪里。A.mustn’t禁止;B.shouldn’t不应该;C.wouldn’t不情愿,不会;D.mightn’t不可能。根据转折词but可知,需用wouldn't,表示不愿意告诉他在哪里。故选C。
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