专题3 完形填空-备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破

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专题3 完形填空
备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破
完形填空
【题型说明】
高考完形填空遵循“考查考生综合理解、灵活用语言知识的能力，突出考查考生在语篇情中依据上下文灵活运用词能力”这一原则，在一篇内容完整的文章中有目的地挖出一些词汇或短语，要求考生在上下文信息被隔断的情况下对文章进行阅读、通过利用基础知识、阅读能力、思维能力和判断能力对每个空白处的备选选项作出最合理的分析，从而选出最佳选项，使文章主旨鲜明、逻辑严密、内容完整。选文涉及的体有记叙文、说明文和议论文，且全国新高考卷设空数为15空，选文篇幅一般介于200—250词、而全国卷设空数为20空，选篇幅一般介于250----300词。
【命题分析】
从近几年的高考完形填空试题来看，文章在体裁上多以记叙文为主。文章故事性强，同时融了一些人物的心理活动描写和就某些现象所进行的议论，从而使文章内容更加丰富多样。这就要求考生既要完整地把握故事情节，又要有很好的逻辑思能力。从文章中所挖空来看，空缺词以实词为主，其中重点考查动词、名词、形容词和副词；而介词、连词等虚词所占比重很小。
【应考思路】
思路1 通览全文,抓准主旨
完形填空的命题原则一般是文章第一句不设空，以使得考生快速进入语境，把握整篇文章。试题所选短文是一个整体，词、句、段三者之间存在一定的逻辑关系，因此解题时，考生首先要跳过空格浏览全文，从整体上理解文章大意，把握文章脉络。此时考生不必急于为每一个空白选出答案，可以利用上下文信息进行预测，部分地选出答案。对于没有把握的部分先不予处理，集中注意力于上下文，细心推敲，直至最
后选出答案。
另外，为了对文章进行准确理解和把握，考生要充分利用文章首句、首段来把握文章主旨大意。有时也应注意将文章的首尾联系起来，以便对文章的主旨把握得更准确。有些文章是按照事情发生、发展的顺序来展开，最后才点明故事的结局，揭示事件的哲理；只有读懂了故事的结局，吃透文章的寓意，考生才能对文章进行准确定位。
思路2 细读全文，透析文意
有的考生在做完形填空题时，一看到比较熟悉的语法结构，如句子、短语等，便不假思索地去选答案，对特定的语境不作深入的理解，导致“定式思维”的错误。
事实上，从高考完形填空的出题特点看，其干扰项的设置均与“语法结构错误”无关，重在文意的干扰，这是出题者近几年始终坚持的方向。完形填空每个空的四个选项并不是单纯的词义辨析，因为从语法的角度看都是正确的。因此，能恰如其分地传达文意才是选择正确答案或最佳答案的唯一标准。要吃透文意，理解到位，考生应做到以下几点：
(1)、注意上下文的内在联系
断章取义、就题论题、忽视上下文的信息提示是考生常犯的错误。考生在做完形填空的过程中，应学会边读边在大脑中存储上下文的信息。信息提示有时出现在前文，有时出现在后文。
(2)、注意英汉两种语言的差异，不能简单地互译
命题者深知学生在英语学习过程中的弱点，往往从母语的角度设置干扰项来增加试题难度，考查考生的语言基本功和灵活运用能力，所以在平时的学习中，要逐渐培养自己的“语感”，不要受母语的影响。
(3)、发挥逻辑思维能力，挖掘文章寓意
近几年高考完形填空以叙事为主，有时加入一定的议论和说明，内容贴近生活，表层意思易于理解，所以很容易使考生产生“轻敌”心理。有的考生做完一篇完形填空以后，自我感觉不错，但正确率并不高，原因是这些考生仅仅理解了文章的表层含义，而忽略了其深层含义。事实上，高考完形填空文章大都包含一定的哲理、寓意，因此，大多数文章的结尾部分会对文章的思想内容进行一次升华。这就要求考生不仅要明确文章的表层意义，还要挖掘出文章的深层含义，做到“表里一致”。
思路3 全面验证，理清逻辑
高考完形填空所选文章都堪称精品，其逻辑必是上下贯通，其结构也必是自然有序、脉络清晰。因此，做完一篇完形填空以后，考生心里对文章的线索、脉络以及主旨、寓意等也应该有一种很“明朗”的感觉；如果做完以后，还是似懂非懂，犹如“雾里看花”，那就证明对文章的把握还不到位，还需要复读全文，验证答案。考生可以从文章的内在逻辑入手，看所选答案是否经得起推敲，是否能自然融入整个语篇。如果有游离于文章主旨之外或与整篇文章的逻辑相矛盾的答案，就需要重新理解、修正。
【解题技巧】
技巧1 充分利用语境信息
完形填空主要考查考生对语境的理解，所谓语境，就是指文章的上下文，它包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。因此，考生在做题时一定要从整体上把握文章内容，进行连贯性思考，要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，从而选出最符合语境的答案。
[全国Ⅲ 2020] She was 49 ( displeased with） absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather
50 that she became a "regular".
50. A.relaxed B.delighted C. surprised D. embarrassed
【解析】根据空前的 She was displeased with absolutely everything, nothing was right可知，她对一切都不满意，觉得什么都不对；结合空后的 she became a“ regular''”可知，她后来居然成了一位常客，由此可推断，作者应是对此感到吃惊。 surprised意为“惊讶的”，符合语境。 relaxed意为“放松的”；delighted意为“高兴的”；embarrassed意为“尴尬的”。
技巧2 巧妙利用词汇复现
在做完形填空题时，考生必须借助对上下文的理解才能得出答案，有时首段的信息会决定末段设空题目的答案。有些词语常常重复出现在语篇之中，而词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯,从而构成一个完整、有机的意义整体。复现信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、同源词复现等。因此，考生必须注意上下文的连贯性及逻辑性，结合全文语境并运用逻辑思维答题。
[全国I 2020] I hate lying to the kids. One day they'll 47(wake up)and discover that everything they've always
known about windows is a 48 .
48. A.dream B.lie C.fantasy D. fact
【解析】根据上文的 I hate lying to the kids.和 One day they'll wake up and discover可知，总有一天他们会发现自己所了解的关于窗户的事情是一个谎言。lie意为“谎言”，符合语境，且和 lying构成复现关系。 dream意为“梦想”;；fantasy意为“幻想，想象”；fact意为“事实”。
技巧3 合理利用逻辑关系
表示上下文逻辑关系的语篇标志词涉及文章的起承转合、上下连贯，如表示并列关系的词或短语有and, as well as等；表示转折关系的词或短语有but, however, though, whereas, nevertheless, yet, on the contrary, otherwise, on the other hand等；表示顺序的词或短语有 to begin with, first, firstly, second, secondly, then, next, finally等；表示解释的词或短语有 that is to say, in other words等；表示因果的词短语有so, therefore, thus, because, as a result, consequently, hence, for this reason, since等；表示让步的词或短语有 although, though, despite, in spite of, after all, even though, even if等；表示条件关系的词或短语有if, unless, provided that, in case((of)等；表示附加说明、例证的词或短语有 likewise, similarly, for example, for instance, incidentally, indeed, in fact, in particular, that is等；表示概括总结的词或短语有 in brief, in short, in conclusion, in a word, on the whole, generally speaking, to sum up, to summarize, to conclude等。对于有些设空，抓住这些关键词，理清前后关系就能找出正确选项。
[浙江2020年7月] I couldn't quite believe my 53 (luck) it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been 54 .
54. A.common B. confusing C. desirable D. awful
【解析】根据上文的 it turned out no one got badly hurt, 和表转折的连词but并结合常识可知, 此处应指, 没有人受重伤, 但后果本来有可能很可怕。 awful意为“可怕的”, 符合语境。common意为“常见的”；confusing意为“令人困惑的”，desirable意为“理想的;值得做的”，故答案选D。
技巧4 联系文化和生活常识
考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地按照作者的思路轻松解题。
[天津2018] No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own 16 .
16. A.luck B.tests C. efforts D.nature
【解析】句意为：没有人天生是赢家。人们通过自己的努力使自己成为赢家。根据常识可知本空应选C项。
技巧5 注意习惯搭配和常用句型结构
在解题时，可以通过分析习惯用语、固定搭配等知识和句子结构，进行有效的推理判断，从而选出最佳选项。有时，设空处考查对某些句型的具体运用能力，空白处的选项主要是某些句型中常用的关联词，因此，考生应注重平时积累，总结规律，从而快速准确选出正确选项。
[浙江2020年1月] When I 50 my major life decisions, I was still that little girl tearing full-speed across the lawn.
50. A. regretted B. reviewed C. made D. explained
【解析】根据语境可知，此处表示作重大的人生决定时，make a decision是固定搭配，意为“作出决定”。故答案选C。
真题题组 滚动训练
Cloze 1 （2021·全国高考真题）
My mother is 92. Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her 1 and visit the doctor, providing 2 and transportation. During the week, however, she likes to go to a nearby store to 3 some small things she needs.
Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay for her groceries, she was 4 about three dollars. The only 5 to pay for the groceries was to take off the 6 she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol（医用酒精）and a bar of soup. By taking of these, she was able to 7 the new total to the amount of cash she had with her.
At this store, people 8 and then go off to the side to 9 their own groceries. My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a 10 came up to her and said, "Here are the things that you 11 ." handing her the rubbing alcohol and the 12 . My mother, who is never speechless, was speechless. She 13 for the woman's name and address so that she could 14 her. The woman told her it was her 15 .
My mother was so 16 by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier（收银员）a five-dollar bill to keep on hand 17 the same happened to someone else if they didn't have enough 18 for all of their groceries.
So, whoever you are, thank you for the random act of 19 that not only helped my mother out, but 20 too.
1．A．exercise B．housework C．cooking D．shopping
2．A．reward B．medicine C．company D．shelter
3．A．return B．collet C．order D．buy
4．A．shot B．cautious C．wrong D．concerned
5．A．aim B．way C．advice D．reason
6．A．weight B．things C．mask D．glasses
7．A．raise B．add C．bring D．switch
8．A．show up B．call in C．check out D．sit down
9．A．store B．select C．deliver D．bag
10．A．stranger B．cashier C．friend D．doctor
11．A．looked for B．talked about C．threw away D．put back
12．A．receipt B．soap C．cash D．bottle
13．A．asked B．waited C．cared D．searched
14．A．repay B．trust C．recognize D．help
15．A．luck B．chance C．gift D．turn
16．A．surprised B．amused C．touched D．convinced
17．A．in case B．even if C．as though D．so that
18．A．energy B．money C．space D．time
19．A．faith B．courage C．kindness D．honor
20．A．made her day B．changed her mind C．caught her eye D．met her demand
【答案】
1．D2．C3．D4．A5．B6．B7．C8．C9．D10．A11．D12．B13．A14．A15．C16．C17．A18．B19．C20．A
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了在商店购物时，作者的母亲带的钱不够，不得不将一些东西又放回去。一位陌生女人为作者母亲买下了这些东西。陌生人的行为感动了作者的母亲，她决定将这份善意传递下去。1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每周，我带母亲去购物，看医生。exercise锻炼；housework家务活；cooking
烹饪；shopping购物。根据上文中的“My mother is 92”和下一句中的“go to a nearby store”可知，作者母亲年纪大，每周作者带着母亲去“购物”。故选D。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每周，我都带母亲去购物，看医生，提供陪伴和交通工具。reward报酬，酬
谢；medicine药；company陪伴；shelter遮蔽，庇护。根据前文“My mother is 92…I take my mother to do her shopping and visit the doctor”可知，作者“陪同”上了年纪的母亲去购物，看医生。故选C。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，在这一周里，母亲喜欢去附近的一个商店买她需要的一些小东西。Return
返回；collect收集；order订购；buy买。根据下文中的“small things she needs”可知，作者母亲去一家附近的商店去“买”她所需要的一些小东西。故选D。
4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她去付款的时候，她缺了大约3美元。short缺少的；cautious谨慎的； wrong
错误的；concerned关心的。根据下文中的“The only way to pay for the groceries was to take off the 39 she could do without…”可知，作者的母亲想要支付这些东西的唯一方式就是把可以不买的医用酒精和肥皂放下。由此推知，作者的母亲带的现金不够。故选A
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：支付这些东西的唯一“方式”把可以不买的医用酒精和肥皂放下。aim目标； way
方法，方式；advice建议；reason原因。结合上题解析可知，作者的母亲带的现金不够，所以把可以不买的医用酒精和肥皂放下是她能够支付这些东西的唯一“方式”。故选B
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：支付这些东西的唯一“方式”把可以不买的医用酒精和肥皂放下。weight重量；
things东西；mask口罩；glasses眼镜。根据下文中的“a bottle of rubbing alcohol and a bar of soap”可知，医用酒精和肥皂是作者母亲暂时可以不买的“东西”。故选B。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过拿掉这些东西，她最终能够使现在的商品总值达到了她所带的现金金额
范围。raise提高；add添加；bring使……处于某种状况，使……到某地；switch转变。根据上文可知，母亲拿掉了一些东西才能够使得现在的商品总值达到了她所带的现金金额。bring sth. to sth.表示“使……处于某种状况”，符合语境。该处指“使商品总值达到母亲所带金额范围之内”。故选C。
8. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这家商店里，人们先结账，然后到一边去把他们买的东西装到袋子里。show
up出现，露面；call in叫……来，拜访；check out结账离开；sit down坐下。根据空后的“then go off to the side”可知，在这家商店里，人们先结账，然后到一边去。故选C。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这家商店里，人们先结账，然后到一边去把他们买的东西装到袋子里。Store
贮藏；select挑选；deliver递送；bag把……装进袋子。根据下一句中的“putting her groceries into shopping bags”可知，在这间店里，人们结完账之后，然后走到一边，将所购之物装进购物袋。故选D。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的母亲正在把买的东西放进袋子里，这时候突然一个陌生人走过来，说……。
stranger陌生人；cashier收银员；friend朋友；doctor医生。根据下文中的“She ___ for the woman’s name and
address”可知，这个女人对作者的母亲而言是个陌生人，所以作者母亲要她的姓名和地址。故选A。
11. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是你放回去的东西。look for寻找；talk about谈论；throw away扔掉；put
back放回。根据上一段的“…take off the ___ she could do without：a bottle of rubbing alcohol and a bar of soap. By taking off these…”可知，由于缺大约3美元，作者母亲将医用酒精和肥皂拿出来，放回到货架上。故选D。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：…递给她医用酒精和肥皂。receipt收据；soap肥皂；cash现金；bottle瓶子。
根据上文中的“…take off the 41 she could do without：a bottle of rubbing alcohol and a bar of soap. By taking off these…”可知，作者母亲放回去的有医用酒精和一块肥皂。现在陌生人帮作者母亲又把这些东西买了下来。故选B。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她要这个女人的姓名和地址。ask询问；wait等待；care在乎；search搜索。
根据上文可知，陌生女人帮助了作者母亲，所以作者母亲想要对方的姓名和住址以便报答对方的帮助。故选A。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她要这个女人的姓名和地址以便她可以报答她。repay报答；trust信任；recognize
认出；help帮助。根据上文可知，陌生女人帮助了作者母亲，所以作者母亲询问对方的姓名和住址，这样就可以报答对方了。故选A。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个女人告诉她这是她的礼物。luck运气；chance机会；gift礼物；turn（依
次轮到的）机会。根据下一句中的“She was so ___ by her gesture that …”可知，这个女人并没有告诉作者母亲她的姓名地址，并不期望作者母亲的报答。所以这是她给母亲的“礼物”。故选C。
16. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的母亲如此感动以至于她决定回到那家商店给收银员5美元的钞票
surprised惊讶的；amused被逗乐的；touched受到触动的，感动的；convinced相信的。陌生女人的无私帮助感动了母亲。故选C。
17. 考查短语辨析。句意：她决定回到商店，给收银员一张5美元的钞票，以防同样的事情（即：没有足够
的钱支付所购买的东西）发生在其他人身上。in case以防，万一；even if即使；as though尽管；so that以便，结果……。如果其他人遇到没有足够的钱支付所购买的东西时，母亲的五美元钞票可以提供一些帮助。所以母亲给收银员一张5美元的钞票，就是以防同样情况的发生。故选A。
18. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她决定回到商店，给收银员一张5美元的钞票，以防同样的事情（即：没有
足够的钱支付所购买的东西）发生在其他人身上。energy能量，精力；money钱；space地方，空间；time时间。根据上文中的“a five-dollar bill”可知，作者母亲给收银员一张5美元的钞票，以防有人没有足够的“钱”来支付他们所购买的东西。故选B。
19. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管你是谁，都要谢谢你善意的行为。faith信任，信念；courage勇气；kindness
善良；honor荣誉。陌生女人帮助母亲，这是一种“善意的”行为。故选C。
20. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：谢谢你善意的行为，这种行为不经帮助了我的母亲，而且使她很开心。make
one’s day使某人开心；change one’s mind改变主意；catch one’s eye吸引某人的注意力；meet one’s demand满足某人的要求。得到帮助，作者母亲心情愉悦，十分开心。故选A。
Cloze 2 （2021·全国高考真题）
It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
Burchill was 21 at the hotel on business and planning to 22 some friends in the area. They had asked him to 23 some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he 24 a suitcase full of pepperoni. As he was 25 that it would be too warm, he 26 it out on the table near an open window. He thought his pepperoni was 27 and well chilled (冷却) and he 28 .
That's when things went 29 “I remember walking down the long 30 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of 31 to the 4-star hotel. "The seagulls immediately went 32 . They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real 34 .
Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion (莽撞).
“I have 35 and I admit responsibility of my 36 ,” he said in the letter. “I come to you, 37 , to apologize for the-damage I had 38 caused and to ask you to 39 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
His letter 40 . Banned from the hotel since 2001.Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.
21．A．studying B．staying C．looking D．packing
22．A．visit B．help C．follow D．make
23．A．sell B．have C．bring D．taste
24．A．filled B．locked C．abandoned D．lost
25．A．surprised B．pleased C．excited D．worried
26．A．dug B．cleared C．cut D．laid
27．A．delicious B．safe C．soft D．ready
28．A．left B．nodded C．waited D．regretted
29．A．far B．funny C．wrong D．blind
30．A．beach B．driveway C．hall D．table
31．A．application B．apology C．request D．invitation
32．A．hungry B．dead C．missing D．wild
33．A．wake up B．get out C．take off D．break in
34．A．mess B．puzzle C．fight D．challenge
35．A．recovered B．retired C．escaped D．matured
36．A．suffering B．plans C．madness D．actions
37．A．hands in pocket B．nose in the air C．hat in hand D．feet on the ground
38．A．indirectly B．deliberately C．cautiously D．secretly
39．A．replace B．remember C．reconsider D．renew
40．A．arrived B．worked C．ended D．disappeared
【答案】
21．D22．A23．C24．A25．D26．D27．B28．A29．C30．C31．B32．D33．B34．A35．D36．D37．C38．A39．C40．B
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Burchill住酒店时，给朋友携带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥，海鸥在逃跑的过程中，造成了一些东西的损坏，Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失。酒店把Burchill列入了黑名单，Burchill被终身禁止入住该酒店。Burchill诚恳地写了道歉信，请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。最终，他的信起作用了。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burchill出差，当时正在酒店收拾行李，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。A. studying研究；B. staying停留；C. looking看；D. packing包装。根据“Burchill was 21 at the hotel on business and planning to 22 some friends in the area.”及生活常识可知，Burchill出差住在酒店，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友，自然是在酒店收拾行李。故选D。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burchill出差，当时正在酒店收拾行李，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。A. visit
拜访；B. help帮助；C. follow跟随；D. make制作。根据“They had asked him to 23 some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he 24 a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知，朋友让他带一些东西，由此推知Burchill准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们让他从美国东部带些意大利香肠过来。A. sell卖；B. have有；C. bring带来； D. taste品尝。根据“So he 24 a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知，Burchill的朋友让他从美国东部带些意大利香肠过来。故选C。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他装了满满一箱子意大利香肠。A. filled装满；B. locked锁上；C. abandoned抛弃；D. lost丢失。根据“a suitcase full of pepperoni”和“They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere.”可知，他装了满满一箱子意大利香肠。故选A。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为担心会太热，他把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。A. surprised感到惊讶的；B. pleased高兴的；C. excited兴奋的；D. worried担心的。根据“he 26 it out on the table near an open window.”可知，他担心意大利香肠会太热，所以把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。故选D。
26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为担心会太热，他把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。A. dug挖； B. cleared清除；C. cut切下；D. laid放。根据“it out on the table near an open window”可知，他把它放在桌子上。故选D。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的，冷却得很好，就走了。A. delicious美味的； B. safe安全的；C. soft柔软的；D. ready准备好。根据““I remember walking down the long 30 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of 31 to the 4-star hotel.”可知，Burchill离开了，由此推知，他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的，冷却得很好。故选B。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的，冷却得很好，就走了。A. left离开；B. nodded点头；C. waited等待；D. regretted后悔。根据““I remember walking down the long 30 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of 31 to the 4-star hotel.”可知，Burchill离开了。故选A。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事情就在这时出了问题。A. far远的；B. funny有趣的；C. wrong失常的；D. blind盲目的。根据“The seagulls immediately went 32 . They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real 34 .”可知，事情就在这时出了问题。故选C。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Burchill在最近给这家四星级酒店的一封道歉信中说：“我记得我走过长长的大厅，打开房门，发现满满一群海鸥。”A. beach海滩；B. driveway私人车道；C. hall大厅；D. table桌子。根据“and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls”可知，Burchill走过长长的大厅。故选C。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Burchill在最近给这家四星级酒店的一封道歉信中说：“我记得我走过长长的大厅，打开房门，发现满满一群海鸥。”A. application申请；B. apology道歉；C. request要求；D. invitation邀请。根据““I have 35 and I admit responsibility of my 36 ,” he said in the letter. “I come to you, 37 , to apologize for the-damage I had 38 caused and to ask you to 39 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”可知，Burchill给酒店写了一封道歉信。故选B。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海鸥立刻变得疯狂起来。A. hungry饥饿的；B. dead死亡的；C. missing失踪的； D. wild疯狂的。根据“They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere.”可知，海鸥被突然回到房间的Burchill吓到了，变得疯狂起来。故选D。
33．考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们冲到窗口，30或40只鸟都想同时出去，到处都是意大利香肠。A. wake up醒来；B. get out出去；C. take off起飞；D. break in闯入。根据“They rushed to the window”及生活常识可知，鸟看到人类很害怕，想同时从窗户逃出去。故选B。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：窗帘在落下，灯也在落下，真是一团糟。A. mess混乱； B. puzzle不解之谜；C. fight打架；D. challenge挑战。根据“The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down”可知，现场一片混乱。故选A。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我成熟了，我承认对自己的行为负责，”他在信中说。A. recovered恢复；B. retired退休；C. escaped逃跑；D. matured成熟。根据“and I admit responsibility of my 36 ,”可知，这里意思是Burchill认为自己成熟了。故选D。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我成熟了，我承认对自己的行为负责，”他在信中说。A. suffering苦难；B. plans计划；C. madness疯狂；D. actions行为。根据“I come to you, 37 , to apologize for the-damage I had 38 caused and to ask you to 39 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”可知，Burchill承认对自己的行为负责。故选D。
37．考查固定短语辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. hands in pocket手放在口袋里； B. nose in the air目中无人；C. hat in hand毕恭毕敬地；D. feet on the ground脚踏实地。根据“to apologize for the-damage I had 38 caused and to ask you to 39 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”及生活常识可知，向别人道歉，应该表明自己是毕恭毕敬地。故选C。
38．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. indirectly间接；B. deliberately故意地；C. cautiously谨慎地；D. secretly秘密地。根据“The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down”可知，作者携带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥，海鸥在逃跑的过程中，造成了一些东西的损坏，Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失。故选A。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. replace取代；B. remember记得；C. reconsider重新考虑；D. renew更新。根据“my lifetime ban from the hotel.”和“Banned from the hotel since 2001. Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.”可知，Burchill请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。故选C。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的信起作用了。A. arrived到达；B. worked起作用；C. ended结束；D. disappeared消失。根据“Banned from the hotel since 2001. Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.”可知，他的信起作用了。故选B。
Cloze 3（2021·全国高考真题）
Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a 41 just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 42 of gratitude(感谢).
My thoughts were soon 43 . We had a woman patient who was 44 from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while 45 to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was 46 discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, 47 the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though 48 , and was ready for discharge(出院)after four weeks.
She was 49 for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her 50 at her recovery. As she was 51 she was eager to say 52 to each of us in the nursing team. When she 53 one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague 54 to accept it, saying that we were all just 55 our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then 56 :“Oh this isn't for the 57 I had. I take that as a 58 . No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.”
And there you have it. To many people, 59 lives is part of the job but styling hair is an 60 and should be rewarded.
41．A．cleaner B．chemist C．nurse D．doctor
42．A．grades B．meanings C．needs D．expectations
43．A．brushed aside B．put to the test C．brought under discussion D．taken into account
44．A．departing B．escaping C．retiring D．recovering
45．A．attempting B．choosing C．pausing D．promising
46．A．eventually B．fortunately C．casually D．secretly
47．A．assessing B．requiring C．forming D．proving
48．A．slightly B．accidentally C．slowly D．happily
49．A．grateful B．thoughtful C．sorrowful D．fearful
50．A．surprise B．delight C．curiosity D．disappointment
51．A．operating B．thinking C．hesitating D．leaving
52．A．sorry B．hello C．goodbye D．yes
53．A．reached B．consulted C．introduced D．persuaded
54．A．wished B．pretended C．failed D．refused
55．A．enjoying B．doing C．securing D．starting
56．A．repeated B．recited C．replied D．reported
57．A．courage B．patience C．duty D．care
58．A．goal B．given C．push D．greeting
59．A．risking B．changing C．saving D．building
60．A．honour B．ability C．opening D．extra
【答案】
41．C42．A43．B44．D45．A46．A47．B48．C49．A50．B51．D52．C53．A54．D55．B56．C57．D58．B59．C60．D
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过作者做护士期间遇到的一个女病人为例，表达了我们应该对别人的付出表示真诚的感谢，即使他们只是做了自己分内的事。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几周前我在做护士的时候就在考虑这个问题。A. cleaner清洁工；B. chemist化学家，药剂师；C. nurse护士；D. doctor医生。根据下文的“as she was 11 she was eager to say 12 to each of us in the nursing team.”可知，当时作者是一名护士。故选C。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我突然想到，如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激之情的词语，那会容易得多。A. grades分数，级别，程度；B. meanings意思；C. needs需求；D. expectations期待。根据上文的“simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations”可知，作者认为如果有表达不同程度感谢的词，那么感谢就容易得多了。故选A。
43．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的想法很快就进行了测验。A. brushed aside撇开；B. put to the test经受考验，接受……的考验；C. brought under discussion在讨论中；D. taken into account考虑。结合下文讲述女病人对护士们的所为，可知作者的想法立即接受了测验。故选B。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们有一个病人膝盖置换手术后正在康复。A. departing出发，离开；B. escaping逃跑；C. retiring退休；D. recovering恢复。结合下文提到手术和病人从床上摔下来可知，病人正在恢复中。故选D。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病而摔倒了。A. attempting试图，尝试；B. choosing选择；C. pausing暂停；D. promising承诺。结合上文提到这是个膝盖有伤的病人，可推知她尝试着自己上床。故选A。
46．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病而摔倒了。A. eventually最后；B. fortunately幸运地；C. casually随意地；D. secretly秘密地。结合上文病人是因为膝盖置换手术而住院，由此可知，此处是指最终发现摔倒是因为心脏病。故选A。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次摔倒是灾难性的，需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。A. assessing评估；B. requiring需要；C. forming形成；D. proving证明。根据“the collapse was disastrous”可知，要想把病人治好需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。故选B。
48．考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然很慢，但她恢复了，四周后就可以出院了。A. slightly轻微地；B. accidently意外地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. happily幸福地。根据上文的“the collapse was disastrous”可知，要从灾难性的病痛中恢复一定很慢。故选C。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对医疗及护士团队为她所作的一切都非常感激。A. grateful感激的；B. thoughtful体贴的；C. sorrowful伤心的，悲伤的；D. fearful恐惧的。结合下文女病人离开前和大家一一道别，推知她对大家的付出表示感激。故选A。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她出院那天，我们分享了她康复的喜悦。A. surprise惊喜；B. delight喜悦；C. curiosity好奇心；D. disappointment失望。根据下文的“her recovery”可知，此处是指分享她康复的喜悦。故选B。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她要离开时，她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. operating手术；B. thinking思考；C. hesitating犹豫；D. leaving离开。根据上文的“on her day of discharge”可知，女病人要出院了，所以此处是指当她即将离开医院时。故选D。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她要离开时，她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. sorry抱歉；B. hello你好；C. goodbye再见；D. yes同意。根据上文的“on her day of discharge”可知，女病人要出院了，由此推知她对护理团队的人告别，say goodbye to sb.“和某人告别”符合语境。故选C。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她走到一个护士身边时，她试图塞一张五英镑的钞票在她手里。A. reached到达；B. consulted咨询；C. introduced介绍；D. persuaded说服。结合上文提到女病人出院时要和护士们一一道别可知，此处是指她走到一个护士的身边，用“reach”符合语境。故选A。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. wished希望；B. pretended假装；C. failed失败；D. refused拒绝。结合常识和下文的“we were all just 13 our job”可知，作者的同事拒绝收下女士给的钱。故选D。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. enjoying享受；B. doing做；C. securing获得，保护；D. starting开始。根据上文提到作者的同事拒绝收下钱可推知，她认为照顾病人只是做了自己应该做的事情而已。故选B。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. repeated重复；B. recited背诵；C. replied回答，回应；D. reported报道。结合上文作者同事说照顾女士是自己的工作，不应该得到额外的礼物可知，此处是女病人对同事说的话的回应。故选C。
57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. courage勇气；B. patience耐心；C. duty职责；D. care照顾。根据下文的“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”可知，女病人并不是因为护士的照顾才给的五英镑。故选D。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. goal目标；B. given该给的东西；C. push推力；D. greeting招呼。根据上文的“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”推知，女病人认为她得到的照顾是护士们应该给她的（东西）。故选B。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但发型是额外的，应该得到奖励。A. risking冒险；B. changing改变；C. saving拯救，挽救；D. building建设。根据上文内容可知，医生和护理团队拯救了女病人的生命可知，此处指很多人认为拯救生命是医生和护士工作的一部分。故选C。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但做发型是额外的事情，应该得到奖励。A. honour荣誉；B. ability能力；C. opening开口处；D. extra额外的东西。根据下文的“To many people， 59 lives is part of the job”和“but”可知，此处指做发型是本职工作以外的事情，即额外做的事情，应该得到奖励。故选D。
Cloze 4（2021·全国高考真题）
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 61 little bunny ( 兔 子 ) cakes for all its 62 throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for 63 help during our spring break, for which I had no 64 beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d 65 minimum wage. I’d see how a factory 66 . My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their 67 .
Our 68 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 69 bunny from the belt. This was 70 than it sounds. 71 a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d 72 .
Dad 73 . The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood 74 food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you 75 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
61．A．sold B．ordered C．made D．reserved
62．A．stores B．families C．schools D．citizens
63．A．generous B．financial C．technical D．temporary
64．A．plans B．problems C．excuses D．hobbies
65．A．offer B．earn C．set D．suggest
66．A．worked B．closed C．developed D．survived
67．A．ambition B．permission C．experience D．invitation
68．A．joys B．ideas C．roles D．choices
69．A．Save B．Keep C．Stop D．Remove
70．A．harder B．better C．longer D．cheaper
71．A．Calm down B．Slow down C．Stay on D．Move on
72．A．indicated B．witnessed C．expected D．remembered
73．A．cried B．smiled C．hesitated D．refused
74．A．tasting B．finding C．sharing D．delivering
75．A．withdraw B．donate C．receive D．appreciate
【答案】
61．C62．A63．D64．A65．B66．A67．B68．C69．D70．A71．B72．C73．B74．D75．D
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了在一次春假时，我去工厂打工赚钱，感触颇多。父亲认为这种工作不仅能让小孩子感谢得到的报酬，而且能够学会尊重那些从事这项工作的人。
61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. sold销售；B. ordered定制； C. made制作；D. reserved预定。根据“Our 68 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 69 bunny from the belt.”可知我的工作是制作小兔子蛋糕，由此推知，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选C。
62．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. stores商店；B. families家庭； C. schools学校；D. citizens市民。根据“throughout Cleveland”结合生活常识，可知这里指的是这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选A。
63．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. generous慷慨的； B. financial财政的；C. technical技术的； D. temporary暂时的。根据“during our spring break”可知这是一份临时性的工作。故选D。
64．考查名词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. plans计划；B. problems问题；C. excuses借口； D. hobbies爱好。根据“beyond listening to my favorite records”可知我没有其他计划。故选A。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我挣的是最低工资。A. offer提供；B. earn挣得； C. set放置；D. suggest建议。根据“minimum wage”可知我挣的是最低工资。故选B。
66．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想看看工厂是如何运作的。A. worked运作；B. closed关闭；C. developed发展；D. survived幸存。根据“I'd see how a factory”可知这里意思是我想看看工厂是如何运作的。故选A。
67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父母认为这一切都是一个伟大的主意，并打电话给Betsy的父亲，得到了他们的同意 。A. ambition抱负；B. permission允许；C. experience经历； D. invitation邀请。根据“Our 68 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 69 bunny from the belt.”可知我们已经在工厂工作了，所以必然是得到了他们的同意。故选B。
68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的任务很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。 附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子从传送带上拿下来。A. joys欢乐； B. ideas观点；C. roles任务； D. choices选择。根据“Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49 bunny from the belt.”可知这是我们的任务。故选C。
69．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的任务很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。 附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子从传送带上拿下来。A. Save节省；B. Keep保持；C. Stop停止； D. Remove移动。根据“bunny from the belt.”可知这里意思是把兔子从传送带上拿下来。故选D。
70．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这比听起来难多了。A. harder更难的；B. better更好的； C. longer更长的；D. cheaper更便宜的。根据“51 a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知这项工作比听起来更难。故选A。
71．考查动词短语辨析。句意：慢一点，蛋糕就堆起来了。A. Calm down平静下来； B. Slow down慢一点；C. Stay on继续停留；D. Move on往前走。根据“and the cakes pile up”可知这里意思是慢一点，就会造成蛋糕堆积起来的后果。故选B。
72．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如我在第一个晚上的晚餐上告诉父母的那样，一切都比我预料的要紧张。A. indicated表明； B. witnessed目击； C. expected预料；D. remembered记得。根据“This was 70 than it sounds. 71 a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知工作的实际情况比我预料的要紧张。故选C。
73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲笑了。A. cried哭了； B. smiled微笑；C. hesitated犹豫； D. refused拒绝。根据“The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood 74 food in Bemardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you 75 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.”结合生活常识，可知父亲看到我在第一次挣钱的经历中有所感悟和收获，联想到自己童年时类似的经历，父亲会心的笑了。故选B。
74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送外卖。A. tasting品尝；B. finding找到；C. sharing分享；D. delivering送货。根据“The son of a grocer”可知作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送外卖。故选D。
75．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，这种工作能让你感激得到的报酬，并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。A. withdraw撤退；B. donate捐赠； C. receive收到；D. appreciate欣赏。根据“the dollars you earned”结合生活常识，可知孩子们会感激并且非常珍惜自己劳动得到的报酬。故选D。
Cloze 5（2020·全国高考真题）
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 76 . He learned the value and beauty of 77 there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 78 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 79 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 80 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 81 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 82 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 83 during the daytime. He turned to the 84 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 85 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
86 young plants in the dry season was 87 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 88 of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 89 rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.
Molai 90 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
76．A．dream B．job C．home D．choice
77．A．nature B．youth C．culture D．knowledge
78．A．precious B．interesting C．disturbing D．awkward
79．A．waste B．tension C．pain D．damage
80．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise
81．A．agreed B．realized C．remembered D．predicted
82．A．noise B．heat C．disease D．dust
83．A．directions B．partners C．help D．shelter
84．A．labor B．police C．forest D．finance
85．A．rebuilt B．discovered C．left D．managed
86．A．Decorating B．Observing C．Watering D．Guarding
87．A．tough B．illegal C．fantastic D．beneficial
88．A．back B．top C．foot D．side
89．A．cool down B．keep off C．purify D．collect
90．A．returned B．learned C．failed D．continued
【答案】
76．C77．A78．C79．D80．A81．B82．B83．D84．C85．B86．C87．A88．B89．D90．D
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。
76．考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。A. dream梦想；B. job工作；C. home家；D. choice选择。根据空前的second可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些“湿地”成为了他的第二个“家”。故选C。
77．考查名词词义辨析。句意:他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. nature自然；B. youth春，
年轻；C. culture文化；D. knowledge知识。湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选A。
78． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。
A.precious 宝贵的；B. interesting有趣的；C. disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。
79．考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物；B. tension紧张；C. pain疼痛，痛苦；D. damage损害，伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会“损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。
80．考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. However但是；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。
81．考查动词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed同意；B. realized意识到；C. remembered记住，记起；D. predicted预测。Molai“意识到”鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。
82．考查名词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. noise噪音；B. heat热；C. disease疾病；D. dust尘土。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意:当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A. directions方向；B. partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C. help帮助；D. shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选D。
84．考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labor劳动；B. police警察；C. forest森林；D. finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的“The solution, of course, was to plant trees”可知，Molai想要种树，所以他应该向“森林”部门求助。故选C。
85．考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而，Molai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。A. rebuilt重建；B. discovered发现；C. left离开；D. managed设法做成。根据前面的”looking on his own”可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他”发现”了一个小岛。故选B。
86．考查动词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. Decorating装饰；B. Observing观察到；C. Watering浇水；D. Guarding守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的“the dry season”可知，在旱季给幼苗“浇水”很难。故选C。
87．考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. tough困难的；B. illegal非法的；C. fantastic极好的；D. beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Molai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很“难”。故选A。
88．考查名词词义辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. back背部；B. top顶端；C. foot脚；D. side一边，一侧。根据该段最后一句“The water would then drip on the plants below”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的”顶端”。故选B。
89．考查动词(短语)辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. cool down冷却下来；B. keep off与……保持距离；C. purify净化，使纯净；D. collect收集。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收集”雨水。故选D。
90．考查动词词义辨析。句意:在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。A. returned返回；B. learned学会；C. failed失败；D. continued继续。根据后一句可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他“继续”种树。故选D。
模拟强化 限时训练
Cloze 1 （2021·湖北高三三模） 限时：12'
I’d just gotten out of hospital myself. Five days before my mother passed away, a tire of my car blew. I was going 50mph when I completely lost 1 ; my car crashed head-on into a concrete barrier. I should have been 2 but fortunately I survived. Physically I healed quickly, but the 3 injuries and fear of my own death stayed on. Soon even 4 activities, like driving a car or visiting my doctor, filled me with great fear. Eventually I fell into a state of 5 and stopped seeing friends. I even didn’t want to go anywhere and feel anything.
Then, last February, I was 6 invited by my friends to go skiing in Colorado. My first response was to 7 . I didn’t want to get on a plane, fasten sticks on my feet or slide down a mountain. The mere thought of meeting new people 8 me. But I had a sense that this journey might be the brilliant sunlight I 9 needed. I finally agreed.
The first day, I was 10 with Peter, an experienced coach. He sensed my fear, patiently removing it with a smile and jokes. I was absolutely terrified of 11 myself, but his gentle encouragement kept me going. Then he said something that made me nod in recognition, “Jill, fear 12 everything.” Peter was talking about skiing, about how your muscles 13 when you are afraid, often causing you to fall. And it’s particularly true in life as well. When you permit fear to prevent you from doing what you love, life stops. With Peter’s words in mind, I kept practicing.
By the end of the day, I’d improved enough to fly down hills that had scared me, a bright smile on my face and tears in my eyes. Tears were not from the cold but from 14 . I’d faced my fears on the mountain, and I knew 15 the rest wouldn’t be far behind.
1．A．sense B．sight C．memory D．control
2．A．injured B．relaxed C．killed D．frightened
3．A．hurtful B．emotional C．severe D．bodily
4．A．basic B．special C．personal D．meaningful
5．A．dullness B．thrill C．anxiety D．embarrassment
6．A．unwillingly B．intentionally C．occasionally D．frequently
7．A．escape B．consider C．accept D．decline
8．A．puzzled B．delighted C．tired D．surprised
9．A．accurately B．desperately C．reluctantly D．eventually
10．A．paired B．familiar C．bored D．angry
11．A．losing B．changing C．disappointing D．hurting
12．A．scares B．stops C．follows D．conquers
13．A．tense up B．give up C．wake up D．turn up
14．A．thankfulness B．bitterness C．excitement D．argument
15．A．embracing B．quitting C．challenging D．overcoming
【答案】
1．D2．C3．B4．A5．C6．B7．D8．C9．B10．A11．D12．B13．A14．C15．D
【分析】
本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了作者因为经历一次车祸后陷入了情感上的焦虑状态，不愿意与外界接触。朋友特意邀请他去科罗拉多滑雪，并在期间鼓励他面对恐惧。最后作者登上了山顶，意识到自己最终能克服内心的恐惧。
【详解】
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的车速达到了每小时50英里，突然完全失去了控制；我的汽车迎面撞上了混凝土护栏。A. sense道理；B. sight视野；C. memory记忆；D. control控制。根据上文的“a tire on my car blew ”以及“my car crashed”可知我的车胎爆了，并且发生了车祸，所以我失去了对车辆的控制。故选D项。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我本应该死亡但却幸运地活下来了。A. injured受伤；B. relaxed放松；C. killed杀死；D. frightened惊吓。根据下文“survived”可以推测，我本应该被杀死。故选C项。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我身体上痊愈很快，但是情感上的伤痛和对死亡的恐惧依然存在。 A. hurtful伤感情的；B. emotional感情上的；C. severe严重的；D. bodily身体的。根据“Physically I healed quickly”可以推断，身体上的伤痛痊愈，情感上的仍然存在。故选B项。
4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使是一些基本活动，例如开车和拜访医生，也让我感到非常恐惧。A. basic
基础的；B. special特殊的；C. personal个人的；D. meaningful有意义的。根据“like driving a car or visiting my doctor”可知，开车和拜访医生是基本活动。故选A项。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终我陷入到一种焦虑状态，不愿意去见朋友。A. dullness迟钝；B. thrill兴奋，激动；C. anxiety焦虑；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据“I even didn’t want to go anywhere and feel anything.”可知，作者陷入了焦虑的状态。故选C项。
6. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：去年二月，我被朋友特意邀请去科罗拉多州滑雪。A. unwillingly不情愿地；B. intentionally故意地，特意地；C. occasionally偶尔地；D. frequently频繁地。根据语境可知，朋友特意邀请我去滑雪。故选B项。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的第一反应是拒绝。A. escape逃跑；B. consider考虑；C. accept接受；D. decline婉拒。结合上文“I even didn’t want to go anywhere and feel anything.”可知，作者不想见人，第一反应应该是拒绝。故选D项。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一想到要去见一些陌生人，我就觉得厌倦。A. puzzled使……困惑；B. delighted使……开心；C. tire使……厌倦；D. surprised使……惊讶。结合语境可知，作者不想见人，因此认为见陌生人是使人厌倦的。故选C项。
9. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是我有一种感觉，这次行程可能是我急需的一缕阳光。A. accurately精确地；B. desperately极度地，极其地；C. reluctantly勉强地，不情愿地；D. eventually最终。根据“I needed”及“the brilliant sunlight”可知，作者认为这次机会为急需的一缕阳光。故选B项。
10. 考查短语辨析。句意：第一天，我与Peter配对。A. be paired with与……配对；B.be familiar with对……熟悉；C. be bored with对……厌烦；D. be angry with对……生气 。此处表示与Peter配成一对。故选A项。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我害怕伤到自己，但是他温和的鼓励让我坚持了下去。A. losing失去；B. changing改变；C. disappointing使……失望；D. hurting伤害。根据语境可知，我害怕伤害自己，但是他的鼓励让我坚持下去。故选D项。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：恐惧会阻止一切。A. scares使……害怕；B. stops阻止；C. follows跟随；D. conquers征服。本句与后文“When you permit fear to prevent you from doing what you love, life stops. ”相 呼应，可知，恐惧会阻止一切。故选 B项。
13. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Peter 谈到了滑雪，谈到了当你害怕的时候，你的肌肉会绷紧。A. tense up绷紧；B. give up放弃；C. wake up醒来；D. turn up出现。根据常识可知，害怕的时候肌肉会绷紧。故选A项。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：眼泪并非是因为寒冷，而是因为兴奋。A. thankfulness感激；B. bitterness苦涩；C. excitement兴奋；D. argument争论。根据下文“I’d faced my fears on the mountain, and I knew　　15　　the rest wouldn’t be far behind.”可知，眼泪是因为兴奋，因为作者知道自己正在逐步克服恐惧。故选C项。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我已经面对了站在山顶上的恐惧，我知道战胜其它的恐惧也不会太遥远了。A. embracing拥抱；B. quitting退出，放弃；C. challenging挑战；D. overcoming战胜，克服。根据“I’d faced my fears on the mountain”可知，作者认为自己面对了站在山顶上的恐惧，知道也能克服其它的恐惧。故选D项。
Cloze 2 （2021·江苏南京师大附中高三三模） 限时：12'
Satya Nadella still remembers his interview question from many years ago, “A baby falls, and is crying, what will you do?” “I'll call 911.” Then, he was told to 16 some empathy(同理心). Because he needs to pick the baby up and 17 it first before he calls.
Nadella says that although he did get the job, the 18 he learned from that interview question is core to doing good business.
One of Nadella's main tasks when he 19 as Microsoft's CEO was to get his key people on the same page. Empathy would prove 20 to making that happen.
To illustrate, imagine that you walk into work one day to find a colleague 21 about a problem. You may think to yourself, “Why are they always complaining?” Or, “I've had that problem before”. What's the big 22 ?”
Even if you don't 23 those thoughts, just thinking them will make you likely to get 24 or frustrated when dealing with your colleague. This, of course, only makes the situation worse for them—and completely 25 your relationship.
26 , what if you offered your colleague a(n) 27 ear? When you do this, you're learning to see the world through the eyes of others. Your colleague will see you as someone who is quick to encourage and build up 28 tear down. Because they feel 29 , they'll put forth more effort—and will be 30 to try and understand you the next time you need the same treatment.
16．A．measure B．develop C．challenge D．experience
17．A．save B．hug C．pull D．greet
18．A．answer B．practice C．lesson D．skill
19．A．took over B．gave up C．took off D．gave in
20．A．simple B．efficient C．harmful D．essential
21．A．arguing B．talking C．thinking D．complaining
22．A．deal B．case C．news D．plan
23．A．collect B．read C．clear D．voice
24．A．annoyed B．ashamed C．surprised D．scared
25．A．improves B．destroys C．handles D．builds
26．A．In short B．In general C．In contrast D．In consequence
27．A．ringing B．listening C．burning D．aching
28．A．other than B．more than C．better than D．rather than
29．A．recognized B．appreciated C．understood D．influenced
30．A．inspired B．reminded C．ordered D．persuaded
【答案】
16．B17．B18．C19．A20．D21．D22．A23．D24．A25．B26．C27．B28．D29．C30．A
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章通过讲述微软首席执行官纳德拉的经历，说明了同理心在工作中的重要性。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，他被告诉要有同理心。A.measure测量；B.develop培养；C.challenge挑战；D.experience体验。根据下文“Because he needs to pick the baby up”可知，他被告诉要养成同理心，把孩子抱起来。故选B。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为他需要在打电话之前首先把他抱起来并抱紧它。A.save救助；B.hug紧抱；C.pull拉；D.greet欢迎。根据上文“A baby falls, and is crying, what will you do?”和“he needs to pick the baby up”可知，他被告诉先把哭泣的孩子抱起来，抱紧它。故选B。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：纳德拉说，尽管他确实得到了这份工作，但他从这个面试问题中学到的教训是做好生意的核心。A.answer答案；B.practice练习；C.lesson教训；D.skill技能。根据下文“he learned from that interview question is core to doing good business.”可推断，纳德拉认为从这个面试问题学到的教训是做好生意的核心。故选C。
19．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当纳德拉接任微软首席执行官时，他的主要任务之一就是让他的重要人物在意见上一致。 A.took over接管；B.gave up放弃；C.took off起飞；D.gave in屈服。根据下文“as Microsoft's CEO”可知，此处说的是他接任了微软首席执行官的职位。故选A。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要实现这些，同理心被证明是极其重要的。A.simple简单；B.efficient效率高的； C.harmful有害的；D.essential极其重要的。根据上文“the ____18____ he learned from that interview question is core to doing good business”可知，纳德拉认为从面试中学到的教训是做好生意的核心，结合第一段的“he was told to ____16____ some empathy(同理心).”可推断，同理心在做生意是至关重要的，因此同理心被证明在让重要人物意见一致上也是极其重要的。故选D。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：举例说明一下，想象一下有一天你去上班发现同事在抱怨一个问题。A.arguing争论；B.talking谈话；C.thinking认为；D.complaining抱怨。根据下文“You may think to yourself, “Why are they always complaining?” Or, “I've had that problem before.”可知，同事在抱怨问题。故选D。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：什么大不了的？ A.deal交易；事情；B.case情况；C.news新闻；D.plan计划。根据上文的两个问题““Why are they always complaining?” Or, “I've had that problem before””可推断，你认为问题没有什么大不了的。What’s the big deal？表示：什么大不了的？固定用法。故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使你不表达那些想法，只是想想他们就会让你在与同事打交道时烦恼或者沮丧。A.collect收集；B.read读；C.clear清除；D.voice表达。根据下文“just thinking them”可知，此处说的是你不表达那些想法，只是想想。故选D。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.annoyed烦恼的；B.ashamed羞耻的；C.surprised惊奇的；D.scared恐惧的。根据下文的“or frustrated”可知，此处选择与frustrated意思相近的词，表示那些想法很可能让你烦恼或者沮丧。故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，对于他们这只会让情况更糟——完全毁掉了你们的关系。A.improves提高；B.destroys毁坏；C.handles处理；D.builds建立。根据上文“This, of course, only makes the situation worse for them”可知，同事的牢骚让你想想都烦恼和沮丧，情况成为更糟糕的，结果完全毁掉了你们的关系。故选B。
26．考查固定短语辨析。句意：相比之下，如果你给你的同事一个倾听的耳朵。A.In short简而言之；B.In general一般来说；C.In contrast相比之下；D.In consequence结果。上文“You may think to yourself, “Why are they always complaining?” Or, “I've had that problem before”.”与下文“you offered your colleague a(n) ____27____ ear”是相对的，此处用来作比较。故选C。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.ringing铃响；B.listening倾听；C.burning燃烧；D.aching疼痛。根据下文“When you do this, you're learning to see the world through the eyes of others. Your colleague will see you as someone who is quick to encourage and build up____28____ tear down.”可知，如果你倾听同事的抱怨，你会学着通过别人的眼睛看世界，同事会把你看做是鼓励他人的人。故选B。
28．考查固定短语辨析。句意：你的同事会把你看作是一个快速鼓励他人和让他们重拾信心的人而不是摧毁他人的人。A.other than除了；B.more than多于；C.better than比……更好；D.rather than而不是。上文的“encourage and build up”与下文“tear down”是转折关系。故选D。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为他们感到被理解，他们会付出更多努力——下次你需要同样的对待时，被鼓舞去尝试理解你。A.recognized认出；识别；B.appreciated感激；C.understood理解；D.influenced影响。根据下文“understand you the next time you need the same treatment.”可知，同事感到被理解，会付出更多的努力。故选C。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为他们感到受到影响，他们会付出更多努力——下次你需要同样的对待时，他们会被鼓舞去尝试理解你。A.inspired鼓舞；B.reminded提醒；C.ordered订购；命令；D.persuaded说服。根据上文“Because they feel ____29____”可推断，你鼓励了同事，同事感到被理解，更加努力，下次你需要同样的对待时，他们会被鼓舞着去理解你。故选A。
Cloze 3 （2021·广东） 限时：12'
Flores never expected he would turn an Internet celebrity over night! He was on his delivery 31 in Houston on Monday when he found a 5-month-old baby abandoned on the side of a road after a(n) 32 carjacking (劫车). With the help of the nearby 33 , Flores was able to reunite the kidnapped baby with his mother.
“When I went close to the baby, I wanted to cry, because it’s impossible the baby can be here on the side of the street 34 ,” Flores told ABC News.
Home surveillance video showed the baby being 35 on the side of the road Monday morning. Agent Security said the video showed several delivery truck drivers had driven past the baby in the 22 minutes before Flores 36 him.
The hero driver quickly alerted the closest resident and 37 police, who were searching for the baby nearby. He 38 the officers back to the house where the 39 was caring for the child.
“I asked the neighbors if the baby belongs to them, they said, ‘What, are you kidding me?’” said Flores. “The police came, like 5 to 10 cars of police, with the mom crying, and they told me the baby was stolen with the 40 .”
The Houston Police Department 41 to ABC news that no arrests have been made so far. It’s asking for the community to help 42 the driver seen dropping the baby off in the surveillance video.
Flores began 43 for Amazon at the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic. He told ABC News he has already delivered thousands of packages, but this was the best 44 he’s ever made and “the best thing that’s happened to me in my 45 .”
31．A．tour B．route C．search D．adventure
32．A．random B．accidental C．constant D．apparent
33．A．reporters B．residents C．drivers D．passers-by
34．A．alone B．asleep C．alive D．awake
35．A．hurt B．protected C．left D．adopted
36．A．spotted B．recognized C．hit D．scared
37．A．flagged down B．took down C．turned down D．brought down
38．A．rushed B．persuaded C．led D．signaled
39．A．doctor B．neighbor C．family D．agent
40．A．wallet B．video C．truck D．car
41．A．consulted B．confirmed C．concluded D．continued
42．A．punish B．praise C．draw D．identify
43．A．driving B．advertising C．training D．monitoring
44．A．discovery B．memory C．recovery D．delivery
45．A．company B．community C．job D．dream
【答案】
31．B32．D33．B34．A35．C36．A37．A38．C39．B40．D41．B42．D43．A44．D45．C
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道，讲述了Flores在路边捡到了一个被劫车后遗弃的婴儿并帮助他与母亲团圆的故事。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：周一，他在休斯顿送货的路上发现一个5个月大的婴儿被人劫车后遗弃在路边。A. tour旅行；B. route路线；C. search搜索；D. adventure冒险。根据设空前的delivery和设空后的in Houston可知，此处指他在休斯顿送货的路上发现一个被遗弃的婴儿。故选B项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：周一，他在休斯顿送货的路上发现一个5个月大的婴儿被人劫车后遗弃在路边。A. random随机的；B. accidental意外的；C. constant不变的；D. apparent明显的。根据“5-month-old baby abandoned on the side of a road”和“Flores was able to reunite the kidnapped baby with his mother”可知，这是一次明显的劫车后婴儿被遗弃在路边的事件。故选D项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在附近居民的帮助下，Flores得以让被绑架的婴儿和他的母亲团聚。A. reporters记者；B. residents居民；C. drivers司机；D. passers-by过路者。根据空前“the nearby”和下文中“alerted the closest resident”可知，应该是在附近居民的帮助下，Flores得以让被绑架的婴儿和他的母亲团聚。故选B项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我靠近婴儿时，我想哭，因为婴儿不可能独自在路边。A. alone独自的；B. asleep睡着的；C. alive活着的；D. awake醒着的。根据“a 5-month-old baby abandoned on the side of a road”可知，被发现时，婴儿是被遗弃在路边，所以应该没有人陪伴，此处指婴儿独自在路边。故选A项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：家庭监控录像显示，周一早上，这名婴儿被遗弃在路边。A. hurt使受伤；B. protected保护；C. left留下；D. adopted收养。根据“a 5-month-old baby abandoned on the side of a road”可知，婴儿是被遗弃在路边，所以此处指监控显示这个婴儿在周一早上被留在道路边上。故选C项。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：安保人员表示，视频显示，在Flores发现这名婴儿之前的22分钟里，有几名送货卡车司机从婴儿身边驶过。A. spotted发现；B. recognized认出；C. hit打击；D. scared使害怕。根据“several delivery truck drivers had driven past the baby in the 22 minutes before”可知，视频显示有几名卡车司机从婴儿身边驶过，所以此处应该是指在Flores发现婴儿之前。故选A项。
37．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这位英勇的司机迅速通知了最近的居民，并拦下了正在附近搜寻婴儿的警方。A. flag down拦下；B. take down拆卸；C. turn down拒绝；D. bring down击落。根据“He ____38____ the officers back to the house”可知，此处应该指他拦下了正在附近搜寻婴儿的警方。故选A项。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把警官们带回了照顾孩子的邻居的房子。A. rushed冲向；B. persuaded说服；C. led领导； D. signaled发信号。根据“and ____37____ police, who were searching for the baby nearby”可知，此处应该是指他拦下警方之后，把警官们带回了照顾孩子的邻居的房子。lead sb. back to意为“引某人回到某处”。故选C项。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把警官们带回了照顾孩子的邻居的房子。A. doctor医生；B. neighbor邻居；C. family家人；D. agent代理人。根据“The hero driver quickly alerted the closest resident”可知，Flores在发现婴儿后马上通知了附近的邻居，且此空下句“I asked the neighbors if the baby belongs to them”提到了与邻居的对话，所以此处照顾婴儿的应该是附近的邻居。故选B项。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“警察来了，大约有5到10辆警车，那位妈妈在哭，他们告诉我孩子是和车一起被偷走的”，Flores说。A. wallet钱包；B. video视频；C. truck卡车；D. car汽车。根据第一段“carjacking (劫车)”可知，婴儿和车当时一起被劫走了。故选D项。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：休斯顿警察局向美国广播公司证实，到目前为止还没有拘捕任何人。A. consulted请教；B. confirmed确认；C. concluded推断；D. continued继续。根据“The Houston Police Department”和“that no arrests have been made so far”可知，警方应该是向媒体证实没有拘捕到任何人这一消息。故选B项。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们请求社区帮助辨认监控中捕捉到的丢弃婴儿的司机的身份。A. punish惩罚；B. praise赞扬；C. draw画；D. identify确定。结合前后文“asking for the community”和“the driver seen dropping the baby off”可知，此处指警方请求社区帮助识别监控中捕捉到的丢弃婴儿的司机身份。故选D项。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Flores在疫情之初就开始为亚马逊开车送货。A. driving驾驶；B. advertising做广告；C. training训练；D. monitoring监视。根据“He was on his delivery____31____”可知，Flores是一名送货司机，所以此处应该指他从疫情开始就为亚马逊开车送货。故选A项。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他告诉ABC新闻，他已经递送了数千个包裹，但这是他做过的最好的一次“配送”，也是“我在工作中遇到的最好的事情”。A. discovery发现；B. memory记忆；C. recovery恢复；D. delivery递送。根据“He was on his delivery____31____”可知，Flores是一名送货司机，所以此处指把丢失的婴儿送回母亲身边这是他做过的最好的一次“配送”。故选D项。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他告诉ABC新闻，他已经递送了数千个包裹，但这是他做过的最好的一次“配送”，也是“我在工作中遇到的最好的事情”。A. company公司；B. community社区；C. job工作；D. dream梦想。根据“Flores began ____43____ for Amazon at the beginning of”可知，此段围绕主人公的工作展开，所以可以推断此处指这次助人为乐的事是他工作中发生过的最好的事情。故选C项。
Cloze 4 （2021·河北衡水中学高三三模） 限时：12'
Early on Saturday morning, parents and viewers walked in a line into the gym at the Einste Academy, a school in Illinois in the US. After the coach 46 his opening speech everyone 47 for the US's national song. After the song, judges dressed in black and white shirt took up their 48 outside the playing field, ready for the games to begin.
While this sounds like the typical setting of a US sporting event, this one had a high-tech twist, was a competitive robotics 49 —a game that turns the subjects of science, technology, engineerin and mathematics into a competitive sport.
50 by coaches, teams of students in grade 7 through 12 who designed, built and programmo their own robots competed against other robotics teams in the West Suburban League North Division the FIRST Tech Challenge (FTC).
“Most students experience multiple-choice questions.” said Jonathan Weiland, who works f FIRST Tech Challenge in Illinois. “In FTC, there are hundreds of solutions to a problem and they see which solution 51 the best.”
“Founded by a not-for-profit organization, FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science ai Technology) events are modeled after traditional sports like basketball to generate 52 in robotic,” Weiland said. FIRST Tech Challenge is one of four FIRST programs.
During a FIRST Tech Challenge, Robotics teams either 53 a robotics kit(配套组件), adjusting and upgrading their design, or custom build(专门制作) a robot using 54 materials, recording the progress in engineering notebooks.
The robotics teams compete in games within a league, getting points throughout the season 55 a national and even global competitions. There are 35 teams in the West Surburban Leagn North Division and only eight will go to the state, Weiland said. Teams earn awards based on the robot’s 56 ,design and other accomplishments.
“Judges 57 pair two robotics teams to form a group that competes against two other teams. With multiple games played by all teams at each meet, a competitor in one game might be a 58 in the next,” Weiland said. Students are taught to help each other at all times and to 59 the other team, he said.
“One of the best things you can do with your 60 is to share something with someone else,” student said. “It's fun being on the journey with them.”
46．A．delivered B．wrote C．reviewed D．corrected
47．A．sent B．called C．applied D．rose
48．A．references B．notebooks C．positions D．responsibilities
49．A．meet B．example C．design D．creation
50．A．Blamed B．Guided C．Warned D．Praised
51．A．switches B．responds C．appears D．works
52．A．disappointment B．violence C．excitement D．power
53．A．purchase B．damage C．throw D．store
54．A．political B．industrial C．financial D．agricultural
55．A．bring up B．turn in C．stick to D．qualify for
56．A．model B．material C．performance D．location
57．A．hopefully B．randomly C．skillfully D．actively
58．A．coach B．judge C．roommate D．teammate
59．A．discourage B．beat C．greet D．join
60．A．intelligence B．right C．life D．hobby
【答案】
46．A47．D48．C49．A50．B51．D52．C53．A54．B55．D56．C57．B58．D59．B60．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在教练的指导下，7年级到12年级的学生团队设计、制造和编程自己的机器人，与其他机器人团队在西部郊区联盟北区的FIRST技术挑战赛中竞争的事。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：教练致开幕词后，所有人都为美国国歌起立。A. delivered发表；B. wrote写；C. reviewed评论；D. corrected更正。根据空后的“his opening speech”可知，此处表示“发表开幕演讲”，为固定短语deliver a speech。故选A项。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：教练致开幕词后，所有人都为美国国歌起立。A. sent发送；B. called打电话；C. applied申请；D. rose起立。根据空后的“for the US's national song”和常识可知，当国歌响起时，人们都要起立。故选D项。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：歌曲结束后，裁判员身着黑白衬衫在赛场外各就各位，准备开始比赛。A. references参照；B. notebooks笔记本；C. positions位置；D. responsibilities责任。根据“ready for the games to begin”和空前的“took up their”可知，裁判准备开始比赛，所以他们在场外就位，take up one’s place意为“就位”。故选C项。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这听起来像是典型的美国体育赛事的背景，但这次的比赛有高科技的转折，是一场竞争性的机器人比赛——一场将科学、技术、工程和数学主题转变为竞争性运动的游戏。A. meet集会；B. example例子；C. design设计；D. creation创造。根据“a game that…”可知，这是一场有机器人参与的竞争性的游戏比赛，所以可以推断此处表达是一次机器人的集会。故选A项。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在教练的指导下，7年级到12年级的学生团队设计、制造和编程自己的机器人，与其他机器人团队在西部郊区联盟北区的FIRST技术挑战赛中竞争。A. Blamed责备；B. Guided指导；C. Warned警告；D. Praised表扬。根据“by coaches”可知，此处应该指在教练的指导下，学生团队运用机器人进行比赛竞争。故选B项。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在FTC，一个问题有数百种解决方案，他们会看哪种方案效果最好。A. switches转变；B. responds回应；C. appears出现；D. works起作用。根据“hundreds of solutions”和空后的the best可知，一个问题有很多种解决方案，此处表示他们会看看哪种方案最有效。故选D项。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Weiland说：“FIRST活动是由一个非盈利组织创立的，它模仿了篮球等传统体育运动，以激发人们在机器人中的兴奋感。” A. disappointment失望；B. violence暴力；C. excitement兴奋；D. power力量。根据“a competitive robotics”和空前的generate可知，这是一场有关机器人的竞技比赛，所以可以推断，过程中会激发人们的紧张和兴奋感。故选C项。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在FIRST Tech Challenge期间，机器人团队要么购买一个机器人工具包，调整和升级他们的设计，要么使用工业材料定制一个机器人，在工程笔记本上记录他们的进展。A. purchase购买；B. damage损害；C. throw扔；D. store存储。分析可知，空处和下文“or custom build(专门制作)”相对，表示购买一个机器人工具包，调整和升级他们的设计。故选A项。
54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在FIRST Tech Challenge期间，机器人团队要么购买一个机器人工具包，调整和升级他们的设计，要么使用工业材料定制一个机器人，在工程笔记本上记录他们的进展。A. political政治的；B. industrial工业的；C. financial金融的；D. agricultural农业的。根据“custom build(专门制作) a robot”和空后的materials可知，此处指要么用工业材料专门制作一个机器人。故选B项。
55．考查动词短语辨析。句意：机器人团队在一个联赛中比赛，在整个赛季中获得积分，将有资格参加全国甚至全球的比赛。A. bring up提出；B. turn in交上；C. stick to坚持；D. qualify for有资格。空后的“a national and even global competitions”指的是更高级别的赛事，因此可推知，此处指通过整个赛季的积分获得州、国家甚至全球比赛的资格。故选D项。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：参赛队伍根据机器人的表现、设计和其他成就获得奖励。A. model模型；B. material材料；C. performance表现；D. location位置。根据“adjusting and upgrading their design”和空后的“design and other accomplishments”可知，这是机器人团队通过设计和操作机器人而进行的竞技比赛，所以可以推知，参赛队伍基于机器人的表现、设计和其他一些成就来获奖。故选C项。
57．考查副词词义辨析。句意：裁判随机将两支机器人队伍组成一组，与另外两支队伍竞争。A. hopefully希望；B. randomly随机；C. skillfully巧妙地；D. actively积极地。根据“With multiple games played by all teams at each meet, a competitor in one game might be a____58____in the next”可知，一场比赛中的竞争者可能就是下一场比赛中的队友，所以可以推断，裁判是随机给两个机器人队配对形成一组，和其他两个队比赛。故选B项。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Weiland说：“在每场比赛中，所有队伍都会参加多场小的比赛，一场比赛中的竞争者可能就是下一场比赛中的队友。” A. coach教练；B. judge裁判；C. roommate室友；D. teammate队友。根据“Judges____57____pair two robotics teams to form a group”和“With multiple games played by all teams at each meet”可知，裁判是随机给两个机器人队配对形成一组，且所有队伍都会参加多场小的比赛，所以可以推断，一场比赛中的竞争者可能就是下一场比赛中的队友。故选D项。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说，学生们被教导在任何时候都要互相帮助，击败另一队。A. discourage阻止；B. beat击败；C. greet欢迎；D. join加入。根据“the other team”可知，此处和上文中的“help each other”相对，表示互相帮助，击败对手。故选B项。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个学生说：“在你的生活中，你能做的最好的事情之一就是与别人分享一些东西。” A. intelligence智力；B. right权利；C. life生活；D. hobby爱好。根据“share something with someone else”可推知，此处指生活中能做的最好事情之一是和别人分享某样东西。故选C项。
Cloze 5 （2021·安徽高三二模） 限时：15'
He loves visiting with the people on his route and is always looking for ways to help the neighborhood during his more than 12-hour long shifts.
So, when the 61 in his Georgia community moved entirely online in the spring, Finley, or “Mr. Adam” as the kids call him, couldn’t help but feel 62 for the students stuck inside all day; some going 63 or months without seeing their classmates 64 .
One day during his daily route in Stone Mountain, Finley decided to do something to help 65 the spirits of the Jones sisters, Eva, 7, and Aria, 6. “These girls haven’t been able to go to school or see their 66 all year,” Finley told CNN. “I thought, ‘What can I do to bring a smile to their faces? Something different, something to bring some excitement for the day. ”
After checking with the girls’ parents, Finley 67 some cards out of his pocket and started the first of many games of Tic-tac-toe(井字棋).
It was an instant 68 .
Every morning for the next few weeks, Eva and Aria would run out to the 69 to make their strategic moves, leave the cards in the mailbox, and wait for “Mr. Adam” to make his 70 when he returned with their mail the following day.
Finley says he would let the girls win so he can reward them with a 71 . “They are always so excited to win,” Finley said. “I’ve surprised them with gift cards for ice cream, flavored popcorn, anything to make them 72 .”
Finley, who has two grown children of his own, says he feels for the young kids not being able to 73 the joys of in-person school this year. “When it’s 7:30 in the morning and those girls are all excited waving at the door, that’s my 74 ,” he said.
“It was what they 75 every morning, seeing what move he would make,” the girls’ mother, Erin Jones, told CNN. Jones said that although 2020 has been tough she is grateful for the 76 it taught her and her family about 77 the small moments in life.
“Insignificant moments of ‘normal’ are now extremely important,” Jones said. “The USPS (美国邮局) may have had a hard year, but there’s no doubt in the Jones house that the Christmas spirit is 78 and well because of one of their best 79 ,” she added. “Thank you, Mr. Adam, for bringing such 80 to such a dark year. ”
Nowadays Finley is playing the game with other neighborhood kids.
61．A．mails B．schools C．factories D．communities
62．A．sorry B．excited C．grateful D．ashamed
63．A．seconds B．days C．weeks D．centuries
64．A．on purpose B．by accident C．at once D．in person
65．A．upset B．control C．lift D．develop
66．A．classmates B．relatives C．parents D．scholars
67．A．drew B．put C．hid D．persuaded
68．A．game B．hit C．incident D．entertainment
69．A．house B．mailbox C．vehicle D．classroom
70．A．move B．decision C．suggestions D．comments
71．A．book B．prize C．trip D．Tic-tac-toe
72．A．calm B．proud C．smile D．sigh
73．A．observe B．satisfy C．sacrifice D．experience
74．A．misfortune B．disbelief C．program D．reward
75．A．was afraid of B．was ashamed of C．looked up to D．looked forward to
76．A．information B．lesson C．knowledge D．policy
77．A．appreciating B．recording C．recalling D．confirming
78．A．awkward B．annoyed C．alive D．anxious
79．A．customers B．colleagues C．citizens D．employees
80．A．concept B．promise C．light D．virtue
【答案】
61．B62．A63．C64．D65．C66．A67．A68．A69．B70．A71．B72．C73．D74．D75．D76．B77．A78．C79．D80．C
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述邮递员芬利在新冠期间，通过和社区的孩子玩井字游戏让这些被困在家里的孩子得到了乐趣，也因此在这个黑暗时刻给那些家庭带去了光明。
61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，当他所在的乔治亚社区的学校在春季完全转到网上时，芬利或“亚当先生”(孩子们这样称呼他)不禁为那些整天被困在家里的学生感到惋惜；A. mails邮件；B. schools学校；C. factories工厂；D. communities社区。根据下文的“for the students stuck inside all day”可知，此处是指由于新冠，该社区所有的学校在春季时都开始网上授课。且下文的“These girls haven’t been able to go to school”也是提示。故选B。
62．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，当他所在的乔治亚社区的学校在春季完全转到网上时，芬利或“亚当先生”(孩子们这样称呼他)不禁为那些整天被困在家里的学生感到惋惜；A. sorry抱歉的；B. excited兴奋的，激动的；C. grateful感激的；D. ashamed羞愧的。根据下文“for the students stuck inside all day”可知，芬利为孩子们整日被困在家里感到惋惜，feel sorry for“对……感到惋惜”。故选A。
63．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人几周甚至几个月都没有亲自见到自己的同学。A. seconds秒；B. days天，日子；C. weeks周；D. centuries世纪。根据常识和下文的“or months”可知，此处用几周甚至几个月符合语境。故选C。
64．考查副词短语辨析。句意：有些人几周甚至几个月都没有亲自见到自己的同学。A. on purpose故意地；B. by accident意外地；C. at once立刻；D. in person亲自。结合上文提到学校进行网上授课可知，学生们已经很久没有亲自见到自己的同学。故选D。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，在石山进行每天派送邮件时，芬利决定做些事情来帮助琼斯姐妹——7岁的伊娃和6岁的艾瑞亚——振作精神。A. upset使……沮丧；B. control控制；C. lift举起，提高，使心情变好；D. develop发展，开发。根据下文的“What can I do to bring a smile to their faces？”可知，芬利想做点事情让姐妹两的心情好起来，lift the spirits of sb.“使某人精神振奋”。故选C。
66．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这些女孩一整年都不能去上学，也不能见自己的同学。”A. classmates同学；B. relatives亲戚；C. parents父母；D. scholars学者。根据上文的“These girls haven’t been able to go to school”可知，姐妹两没能去上学，因此很久没有见到自己的同学。故选A。
67．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在和两个女孩的父母商量后，芬利从口袋里抽出几张牌，开始玩井字棋。A. drew画画，吸引，抽出；B. put 放置；C. hid隐藏；D. persuaded劝说。根据下文的“some cards out of his pocket”可知，是从衣服口袋里抽出事先准备好的井字棋。故选A。
68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一款即时游戏。A. game游戏，比赛；B. hit受欢迎的人或物；C. incident事件；D. entertainment娱乐节目，招待。根据上文的“the first of many games of Tic-tac-toe”可知，此处是指井字棋是一款即时游戏。故选A。
69．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几个星期里，每天早上，伊娃和艾瑞亚都会跑到邮箱，制定战略性的走棋，把卡片放在邮箱里，然后等着亚当先生第二天带着他们的邮件回来时完成他的走棋。A. house房子；B. mailbox邮箱；C. vehicle车辆；D. classroom教室。根据下文的“leave the cards in the mailbox”可知，此处是指姐妹两跑到邮箱边去完成自己的走棋。故选B。
70．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几个星期里，每天早上，伊娃和艾瑞亚都会跑到邮箱，制定战略性的走棋，把卡片放在邮箱里，然后等着亚当先生第二天带着他们的邮件回来时完成他的走棋。A. move运动，走棋；B. decision决定；C. suggestions建议；D. comments评论。根据上文的“to make their strategic moves”可知，此处是指芬利的走棋。故选A。
71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：芬利说他会让女孩们赢，这样他就可以奖励她们一个奖品。A. book书；B. prize奖品；C. trip旅行；D. Tic-tac-toe井字棋。根据下文的“I’ve surprised them with gift cards for ice cream, flavored popcorn”可知，女孩们赢了芬利会给她们奖品。故选B。
72．考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：我用冰淇淋的礼品卡、美味的爆米花，以及任何能让她们微笑的 东
西给她们带来惊喜。A. calm冷静；B. proud骄傲的，自豪的；C. smile微笑；D. sigh叹息。根据上文的“Finley decided to do something to help ___65___ the spirits of the Jones sisters”可知，芬利这样做是为了让姐妹两开心。故选C。
73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：芬利自己也有两个成年孩子，他说他很同情今年的孩子们不能亲身体验学校的乐趣。A. observe遵守，观察；B. satisfy满足；C. sacrifice牺牲；D. experience经历，体验。结合孩子们今年因为新冠不能去上学可知，他们不能体验学校的乐趣。故选D。
74．查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“当早上七点半，那些女孩都兴奋地在门口招手时，这就是我的回报。”A. misfortune不幸；B. disbelief不信；C. program项目；D. reward报酬，回报。结合语境可知，芬利把孩子们的快乐看作自己的回报。故选D。
75．考查短语辨析。句意：“这是他们每天早上所期待的，看看他会走出什么样的新棋招，”女孩的母亲艾琳·琼斯告诉CNN。A. was afraid of害怕；B. was ashamed of对……感到愧疚；C. looked up to尊敬，仰慕；D. looked forward to期待。根据上文的“When it’s 7:30 in the morning and those girls are all excited waving at the door”可知，女孩们每天早上都期待着芬利的到来。故选D。
76．考查名词词义辨析。句意：琼斯说，虽然2020年很艰难，但她很感激它给她和她的家人上的一颗——感激生命中的点点滴滴。A. information 信息；B. lesson课程，教训；C. knowledge知识；D. policy政策。结合上下文可知，经过这件事琼斯有了新的感悟，懂了要感激生命中点点滴滴，因此可说此事给她和她的家人上了一课。故选B。
77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：琼斯说，虽然2020年很艰难，但她很感激它给她和她的家人上的一颗——感激生命中的点点滴滴。A. appreciating感激，欣赏；B. recording记录，录制；C. recalling回忆；D. confirming证实。根据下文的““Thank you, Mr. Adam, for bringing such ___80___ to such a dark year. ””可知，琼斯对芬利表示感谢，由此推知她学到了要感激生活中的点点滴滴。故选A。
78．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她补充说：“USPS可能经历了艰难的一年，但毫无疑问，在琼斯之家，圣诞节是有活力的，这都是因为他们最好的员工之一。”A. awkward尴尬的；B. annoyed生气的；C. alive活的，有活力的；D. anxious焦虑的。根据上文的“The USPS (美国邮局) may have had a hard year”和but表示转折可知，尽管美国邮局经历了艰难的一年，但琼斯家的圣诞节一定是充满活力的。故选C。
79．考查名词词义辨析。她补充说：“USPS可能经历了艰难的一年，但毫无疑问，在琼斯之家，圣诞节是有活力的，这都是因为他们最好的员工之一。”A. customers顾客；B. colleagues同事；C. citizens市民；D. employees雇员。根据上文内容可知，芬利是邮递员，那么他就是美国邮局的员工之一。故选D。
80．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“谢谢你，亚当先生，在这黑暗的一年里带来了这样的光明。”A. concept概念，主旨；B. promise诺言；C. light光；D. virtue美德。根据下文的“such a dark year.”可知，此处指芬利通过自己的行为给琼斯一家带来了光明。故选C。