专题03 备战2022高考阅读理解文体专项精讲精练之夹叙夹议文

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2022高考英语阅读文体专项讲解之夹叙夹议文（学生版）目录内容Section A高考真题练手Section B解题技巧及步骤梳理Section C例题练习及讲解Section D课堂限时训练Section E课后练习巩固  （一）The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.1：What does the author most likely want to tell us?A．Love of family helps us survive great hardships. B．It's not the end of the world if we break things.C．We should move on no matter what happens. D．Past experiences should be treasured.（二） About five weeks ago, I noticed the skin of our pet lizard was growing dusty. It worried me. I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.I didn't think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. It burst into hundreds of pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months.2：What can we learn about the pet lizard from Paragraph 1?A．Its tank grew dirty.           B．Its old skin came off.C．It got a skin disease.           D．It went missing.（三）  Growing up in my household meant often hearing live music.When I was six years old,I took a traditional Irish step dance class.I fell in love and stuck with it for the next seven years.During that time my father also became more involved in the Irish music world,so he would play,and I would dance.My ethnic heritage (族裔归属) is German and Irish,but because I was surrounded by traditional Irish music and dance in my home,I have grown to be more interested in and connected to my Irish heritage.3：What is the reason for the author’s preference for Irish dance?　　　　　　　　　　　　A.Her dance teacher.                   B.Her love of Irish music.C.Her interning experience.              D.Her family’s strong root in dance.（四） The dance performances of North American Basque organizations have developed the interest of non-Basque Americans as well.Janet Iribarne from the Basque Dancers explained that their organization is open to anyone,and after seeing her group perform,several of her non-Basque friends have developed their own love of Basque traditions as well.4：What’s non-Basque Americans’ attitude towards Basque dance?A.They show no interest in it.B.They find it difficult to learn.C.They are enthusiastic about it.D.They are concerned about its future.  一、知识梳理夹叙夹议是一种写作方法，它要求一面叙述某一件事，一面又对这件事进行分析、评论。这种方法的好处是：笔法灵活多变，生动活泼，还可以起到总起、提示、过渡和总结等作用。正是由于这种方法能够具体地记叙事件，充分地抒发感情，而且能直接揭示所写对象的意义，因而历来为人们所重视。在叙述的过程中插入议论，以表明对所写人物或事件的认识、态度和评价的一种表达方式。二、高中英语夹叙夹议文的语言特点夹叙夹议主要有以下三种表达形式：一是先议后叙（概括式）。这时的议论往往出现在文章的篇首，主要作用是提示和点题。二是先叙后议（总结式）。这时的议论往往出现在文章或一段文字的结尾，其作用是总结全文、深化主题、画龙点睛、启迪思维等。三是边叙边议（包容式），即边叙述事实，边进行议论，以发表对所叙事实的看点。三、解题技巧讲解文章写作要领可概括为“引、析、点、联、结”五步法。具体地说，就是：1　引 文章一开头：就把供料中最能提炼出观点、论点或最能加以引申和发挥的中心语句、关键语引入文中。或全引，或摘引，或意引，使文章内容成为“有源之水”、“有本之木”，做到紧扣供料展开议论。2　析 对所引用的材料，从不同角度－－或正反，或今昔，或中外，或褒贬，进行一分为二的辩证分析，为亮出论点张本。但分析不宜过多、过长，以避免就事论事，喧宾夺主。3　点 在分析所引供料的基础上，水到渠成、瓜熟蒂落地亮出提炼出来的论点。承上启下，过渡到联系社会、生活、思想实际，选用论据对论点加以论证。论点力求鲜明、深刻，语句力求概括，凝练。4　联 紧扣论点联系实际，运用典型论据，或举实例，或讲道理，通过最佳论证方法，或正反对比，或比喻证明，用喻证法，或层层递进，对论点展开论证。5　结 对论证过程的内容加以提纲挈领式的归纳总结，得出结论。做到既符合供料的主旨；又紧扣从供料中提炼出来的论点。特点：夹叙夹议的特点是叙事和议论穿插进行，写法上灵活多变,作者可以自由自在表情达意。采用夹叙夹议的方法的文章会注意叙事的连贯性，议论插入会自然。  例题1：The education secretary Nicky Morgan has put emphasis on science,technology,engineering and maths (STEM),saying that students who focus on the arts risk their careers.Stopping young people from expressing themselves at such a young age is not doing them any favours.Perhaps Nicky Morgan has forgotten to open the door of having a drive to study that subject day in,day out.It shouldn’t matter what that subject is.1：What do we know about Nicky Morgan?A.She encourages students to learn soft subjects.B.She suggests students take a risk in their careers.C.She underlines the importance of STEM subjects.D.She allows students to express themselves freely.例题2：Elizabeth Bishop is considered one of the best American poets of the 20th century.She was born in Worcester,Massachusetts in 1911.Her dad died when she was just a baby and her mom never recovered from the loss;she went to live with her grandparents in Nova Scotia,Canada when she was five.Eventually Bishop attended Vassar College,where she began to write poetry.At Vassar she discovered Marianne Moore’s poetry and met “Ms.Moore” and began their life-long friendship.She later met poet Robert Lowell.She wrote tons and tons of letters to both of them,which is good for us because we would otherwise know very little of her personal life.Bishop’s poetry is sometimes considered objective and cold because it shows almost nothing about the poet or her life.Bishop published her first book of poetry in 1946 and wrote until her death in 1979.She would spend years working on a single poem.Her poems are not the result of hasty scribbling (匆忙乱写) on paper while eating breakfast.Over a lifetime of writing,she only published about 275 pages of poetry,and about 40 of those are translations.She would look through drafts of poems again and again and improve them until they were as close to perfect as she could get them.Reading Elizabeth Bishop is like being transported to the very place,the very moment she’s writing about.She leads us to a microscope so we can see every smallest part of the scene.It seems she’s always asking us to notice more,and more until the poem is so clear in our minds that it’s almost painful — like a light that’s too bright.It might take your eyes a while to get used to it,but once they do,you’ll like what you see.1.What do we know about Bishop’s early life?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A.She started to write poems at five.B.She was always encouraged by her parents.C.She spent her childhood mainly in Worcester.D.She was mainly brought up by her grandparents.2.What can we say about Bishop’s poetic creation?A.She liked to write in the morning.B.She could write poems at high speed.C.She tried her best to achieve perfection.D.She published hundreds of books of poetry.3.Which can be used to describe the style of Bishop’s poems? A.Exact. B.Informal.      C.Humorous. D.Enthusiastic.例题3：Last year,I spent two-and-a-half months in Paris,living alone and working on a writing project.Although there is a seemingly great divide between my culture and theirs,I realized I could learn an awful lot.The first thing I noticed in Paris is that no one here walks around with a “to-go” cup of coffee.And I mean no one — I haven’t seen a single person carrying one in the days I’ve been here.Back home in New York,it’s normal for every other person on the street (including me) to be carrying a cup from Starbucks or their local coffee shop,but not here.It’s been a valuable lesson for me,and something I can take back from Paris.Now I carry my own cup to the coffee shop instead of getting yet another cup that will go straight into the garbage can ten minutes after it’s placed in my hands.3：What is the author’s reaction to “to-go” coffee cups after visiting Paris?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A.She pays little attention to them.B.She is interested in them.C.She refuses to use them.D.She is surprised at them.  （A）I work with Volunteers for Wildlife,a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured,displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain.However,when it works,it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground.When I arrived,I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine.If I could locate the nest,I might have been able to put it back,but no luck.My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest,and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents,but they were absent.I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure,but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all!The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH!The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.1.What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?A.Efforts made in vain.B.Getting injured in his work.C.Feeling uncertain about his future.D.Creatures forced out of their homes.2.Why was the author called to Muttontown?A.To rescue a woman.                       B.To take care of a woman.C.To look at a baby owl.                     D.To cure a young owl.3.What made the chick calm down?A.A new nest.　　　　                     B.Some food.C.A recording.                            D.Its parents.4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?A.It’s unexpected.           B.It’s beautiful.C.It’s humorous.            D.It’s discouraging. （B）Elizabeth Bishop is considered one of the best American poets of the 20th century.She was born in Worcester,Massachusetts in 1911.Her dad died when she was just a baby and her mom never recovered from the loss;she went to live with her grandparents in Nova Scotia,Canada when she was five.Eventually Bishop attended Vassar College,where she began to write poetry.At Vassar she discovered Marianne Moore’s poetry and met “Ms.Moore” and began their life-long friendship.She later met poet Robert Lowell.She wrote tons and tons of letters to both of them,which is good for us because we would otherwise know very little of her personal life.Bishop’s poetry is sometimes considered objective and cold because it shows almost nothing about the poet or her life.Bishop published her first book of poetry in 1946 and wrote until her death in 1979.She would spend years working on a single poem.Her poems are not the result of hasty scribbling (匆忙乱写) on paper while eating breakfast.Over a lifetime of writing,she only published about 275 pages of poetry,and about 40 of those are translations.She would look through drafts of poems again and again and improve them until they were as close to perfect as she could get them.Reading Elizabeth Bishop is like being transported to the very place,the very moment she’s writing about.She leads us to a microscope so we can see every smallest part of the scene.It seems she’s always asking us to notice more,and more until the poem is so clear in our minds that it’s almost painful — like a light that’s too bright.It might take your eyes a while to get used to it,but once they do,you’ll like what you see.1.What do we know about Bishop’s early life?　　　　　　　　　　　　　A.She started to write poems at five.B.She was always encouraged by her parents.C.She spent her childhood mainly in Worcester.D.She was mainly brought up by her grandparents.2.Why are Bishop’s letters to Moore and Lowell important? A.They have a deep influence on other poets.B.They offer much information about her life.C.They help us study Moore’s and Lowell’s poetry.D.They prove she had friendships with famous poets.3.What can we say about Bishop’s poetic creation?A.She liked to write in the morning.B.She could write poems at high speed.C.She tried her best to achieve perfection.D.She published hundreds of books of poetry.4.Which can be used to describe the style of Bishop’s poems? A.Exact. B.Informal.    C.Humorous. D.Enthusiastic.  （A）Paris is a city like no other,and much of this has to do with its beautiful architecture.But on April 15,Notre-Dame Cathedral,one of its most iconic structures,caught fire and lasted for several hours,nearly destroying the centuries-old church before firefighters were able to extinguish the fire.The tragedy all began when fire alarms rang in the evening as people rushed past the Notre-Dame Cathedral on their way home.Yet upon seeing the smoke,and then later the flames,a large crowd gathered in horror as it watched the spire(尖塔) of the famous cathedral collapse as the fire grew in size and intensity(剧烈).The fire at Notre-Dame Cathedral started in or near the spires some 295 feet from the ground.According to Dunn,a fire expert,this was extremely problematic for two reasons.“If you’ve ever been in the attic of a church,you’ll instantly notice it’s all made of wood,which of course makes it ripe for a fire to spread quickly.Second,fire hoses can only reach a maximum height of fifty feet,making the spires in Notre-Dame Cathedral extremely difficult to address.”“The firefighters used both an offensive and defensive strategy,” explains Dunn.“First,from the outside,they had aerial streams hitting the fire from several safe locations to contain the flames and prevent them from spreading to nearby structures.Then,they switched strategies to an inside one in which an offensive search-and-recover operation began.They did a great job.”That brings us to the difficult but important discussion of what to do with the countless other places of worship around the world.“If centuries-old places of worship want to protect their buildings,they must install automatic sprinklers,” Dunn argues.“The problem is,no one wants to do that because it could deface the beautiful interiors(内部).But that’s really the only way they can ensure their structure will last another century.If they don’t take this problem seriously,any other places of worship around the world could suffer the fate as Notre-Dame Cathedral.”1.How did pedestrians feel when they saw the church on fire?A.Puzzled. B.Worried. C.Upset. D.Horrified.2.What does the underlined word “extinguish” most probably mean?A.Put out. B.Block away.  C.Cut through. D.Transfer into.3.What can we infer from the third paragraph?A.It was easy for the firefighters to put out the fire.B.Dunn was satisfied with what the firefighters had done.C.The terrible fire made people in the city hard to breathe.D.Firefighters used fire hoses near the spires to put out the fire.4.What does Dunn suggest in the last paragraph?A.Discussing what to do to protect the old buildings.B.Having automatic sprinklers installed in the old buildings.C.Defacing the beautiful interiors of these old buildings.D.Letting people realise the destruction of fires.（B）On one of her trips to New York several years ago,Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner.They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes,another customer was approaching their table.“Hey,aren’t you from Mississippi?” the elegant,white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger.“I’m from Mississippi too.”Without a second thought,the woman joined the Welty party.When her dinner partner showed up,she also pulled up a chair.“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,” Welty said.“I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.”Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine.By the time the group got up to leave,it was pouring outside.Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab.Heading back downtown toward her hotel,her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚).“My friend said:‘Now we believe your stories,’”Welty added.“And I said:‘Now you know.These are the people that make me write them.’”Sitting on a sofa in her room,Welty,a slim figure in a simple gray dress,looked pleased with this explanation.“I don’t make them up,” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years.“I don’t have to.”Beauticians,bartenders,piano players and people with purple hats,Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends,from walks through the streets of her native Jackson,Miss.,from conversations overheard on a bus.It annoys Welty that,at 78,her left ear has now given out.Sometimes,sitting on a bus or a train,she hears only a fragment(片段)of a particularly interesting story1.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?A.Two strangers joined her.B.Her childhood friends came in.C.A heavy rain ruined the dinner.D.Some people held a party there.2.The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s 　　　. A.readers　　　　　B.parties C.friends 　　　　　　D.stories3.What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction?A.They live in big cities.B.They are mostly women.C.They come from real life.D.They are pleasure seekers.（C）Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has.There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.We experience this tiredness in two ways:as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue.In the former case,we keep putting off a task because it is either too boring or too difficult.And the longer we delay it,the more tired we feel.Such start-up fatigue is very real,even if not actually physical,not something in our muscles and bones.The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply:always handle the most difficult job first.Years ago,I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors.Applying my own rule,I determined to write them in alphabetical order(按字母顺序),never letting myself leave out a tough idea.And I always started the day’s work with the difficult task of essay-writing.Experience proved that the rule works.Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle.Though willing to get started,we cannot seem to do the job right.Its difficulties appear so great that,however hard we work,we fail again and again.In such a situation,I work as hard as I can—then let the unconscious take over.When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica(《大英百科全书》),I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles.Nothing like this had ever been done before,and day after day I kept coming up with solutions,but none of them worked.My fatigue became almost unbearable.One day,mentally exhausted,I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved.I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself,not with me.Relieved,I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.An hour later,I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind.In the weeks that followed,the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step.Though I worked as hard as before,I felt no fatigue.Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.Human beings,I believe,must try to succeed.Success,then,means never feeling tired.1.People with start-up fatigue are most likely to 　　　. A.delay tasks               B.work hardC.seek help                D.accept failure2.What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue?A.Writing essays in strict order.             B.Building up physical strength.C.Leaving out the toughest ideas.            D.Dealing with the hardest task first.3.On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?A.Before starting a difficult task.            B.When all the solutions fail.C.If the job is rather boring.                D.After finding a way out.4.According to the author,the unconscious mind may help us 　　　. A.ignore mental problems                B.get some nice sleepC.gain complete relief                  D.find the right solution5.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Success Is Built upon FailureB.How to Handle Performance FatigueC.Getting over Fatigue:A Way to SuccessD.Fatigue:An Early Sign of Health Problems（D）I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife,who was there as a medical researcher.We flew on a small plane to a faraway village.We did not speak the local language,did not know the customs,and more often than not,did not entirely recognize the food.We could not have felt more foreign.We were raised on books and computers,highways and cell phones,but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity.It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.Then one perfect Amazonian evening,with monkeys calling from beyond the village green,we played soccer.I am not good at soccer,but that evening it was wonderful.Everyone knew the rules.We all spoke the same language of passes and shots.We understood one another perfectly.As darkness came over the field and the match ended,the goal keeper,Juan,walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way,“In your home,do you have a moon too?” I was surprised.After I explained to Juan that yes,we did have a moon and yes,it was very similar to his,I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world.In Juan’s world,each village could have its own moon.In Juan’s world,the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous.Anything was possible.In our society,we know that Earth has only one moon.We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find.I can,from my computer at home,pull up satellite images of Juan’s village.There are no more continents and no more moons to search for,little left to discover.At least it seems that way.Yet,as I thought about Juan’s question,I was not sure how much more we could really rule out.I am,in part,an ant biologist,so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown.How much,though?How ignorant (无知的) are we?The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.I began collecting newspaper articles about new species,new monkey,new spider...,and on and on they appear.My drawer quickly filled.I began a second drawer for more general discoveries:new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species,four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach.The second drawer began to fill and as it did,I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there,not just species,but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA.I started a third drawer for these big discoveries.It fills more slowly,but all the same,it fills.In looking into the stories of biological discovery,I also began to find something else,a collection of scientists,usually brilliant,occasionally half-mad,who made the discoveries.Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see,but they pay more attention to them,and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (穷尽),and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers.In looking for the stories of discovery,I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover.We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms (生物),and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters.Yet,when something new turns up,more often than not,we do not even know its name.1.How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?A.Out of place. B.Full of joy. C.Sleepy. D.Regretful.2.What made that Amazonian evening wonderful?A.He learned more about the local language.B.They had a nice conversation with each other.C.They understood each other while playing.D.He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.3.Why was the author surprised at Juan’s question about the moon?A.The question was too straightforward. B.Juan knew so little about the world.C.The author didn’t know how to answer. D.The author didn’t think Juan was sincere.4.What was the author’s initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?A.To sort out what we have known.B.To deepen his research into Amazonians.C.To improve his reputation as a biologist.D.To learn more about local cultures.5.How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries?A.They shifted their viewpoints frequently. B.They followed other scientists closely.C.They often criticized their fellow scientists. D.They conducted in-depth and close studies.6.What could be the most suitable title for the passage?A.The Possible and the Impossible B.The Known and the UnknownC.The Civilized and the Uncivilized D.The Ignorant and the Intelligent