19 科学新知2-2022年高考英语最新热点时文阅读

这是一份19 科学新知2-2022年高考英语最新热点时文阅读，共10页。
2022年高考最新热点时文阅读-科学新知2 题型主要内容1阅读理解实验证明：比起使用数字设备，在纸上写作实际上对大脑最有益2阅读理解新西兰企业家开发了一款机器海豚，将为海洋馆提供新的选择3阅读理解家里的冰箱里存放的东西反映人的性格4阅读理解莫扎特效应有利于孩子大脑的发育 01（2022·安徽·合肥市第八中学高二期末）A team from the University of Tokyo just published a new study that says that writing on paper is actually the best for your mind. “Paper is more advanced and useful compared to electronic records because paper contains more one-of-a-kind information for stronger memory recall,” said Professor Kuniyoshi L. Sakai, a neuroscientist at the University of Tokyo and author in the study.Most people like smartphones or tablets because they seem to make everyday tasks easier, but after gathering 48 volunteers between the ages of 18 and 29 for the study, the researchers found that those who wrote on paper to finish note-taking tasks completed these 25 percent faster than people who used smartphones or tablets. What is the reason? The team said that using paper gave the volunteers more of a chance to write in their own form, while digital devices (数字设备) are more consistent (始终如一的).The researchers divided the volunteers, including college students and office staff, into three groups depending on their memory, preferences for using paper or digital tools, sex and age. Then each volunteer read a conversation that highlighted characters explaining their plans, which mentioned what they wanted to do in two months, their 14 different class times, the deadlines for the characters' homework, and any other things. After using their paper or a device to take notes about this conversation, the volunteers were given an hour break and at ask to keep them from thinking directly about the study. They were then asked a number of questions like “What are the deadlines for the characters’ homework?”Those who used paper for notetaking took only 11 minutes to jot down their thoughts during the study, while people who used tablets took 14 minutes; smartphone users spent the most time on the task, taking 16 minutes to write down their thoughts. As for the accuracy of the answers, those writing on paper seemed to stand out. This suggested that writing on paper benefited their memory.1．Why did the volunteers writing on paper finish note-taking tasks faster?A．Their tasks were less difficult.B．They took notes without any stops.C．Their writing styles were consistent.D．They could write in their unique ways.2．What were the volunteers required to do in the study?A．Make up some conversations.B．Raise questions for each other.C．Take notes about a conversation.D．Discuss notes with group members.3．Why were the volunteers asked to answer questions after a break?A．To test their memory. B．To ensure the accuracy.C．To keep them energetic. D．To remove their thoughts.4．What does the underlined phrase “jot down” in the last paragraph probably mean?A．Leave out. B．Write down. C．Break down. D．Concentrate on.02（山西省吕梁市2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次模拟考试英语试题）Companies in New Zealand are working with American creators of some of Hollywood’s most famous creatures to develop animatronic dolphins that look almost the same with their living counterparts.A robotic dolphin that can nod an answer to a child might sound unappealing. But as marine parks around the world face increasing pressure to abandon exhibitions featuring real whales and dolphins, the creatures provide an appealing alternative, their creators say.But with a price tag of about NZ$40m (£ 20.8m) per dolphin, the biggest obstacle for the creators of the animatronic creatures is proving to potential clients that the robotic sea creatures will work out to be cheaper in the long run than the real thing.Li Wang, a business developer for Edge Innovation, the New Zealand-based company making the case for the robots, said they do cost four times more than normal dolphins but would last longer.Melanie Langlotz, one of the managers behind the project said, the robotic dolphin can’t be distinguished from the real thing. A test audience had been unable to guess the dolphin was not real, she added.Animal rights advocates also welcomed the change. They hoped robotic dolphins would replace real ones in marine parks worldwide.In nature, dolphins swim up to 40 miles a day and live in close family groups, but in captivity they were confined to concrete pools filled with chemically treated water and forced to interact with strangers. In the near future, cutting-edge technology might allow us to experience nature without harming it.5．Why will animatronic dolphins be developed?A．To attract children. B．To make a higher profit.C．To protect real dolphins. D．To show the advance of technology.6．What can we know about robotic dolphins according to the text?A．They look different from the real ones.B．They are appealing to marine parks as well as children.C．They would have a shorter lifespan compared to real ones.D．They would be more expensive but survive longer than real ones.7．Why does the author mention real dolphins in the last paragraph?A．To stress the significance of robotic dolphins.B．To inform us of bad conditions of dolphins in captivity.C．To clarify why dolphins live better in natural environment.D．To suggest that we should improve the living conditions of dolphins.8．What’s the best title for the passage?A．Dolphins: cute animals to play withB．Robot dolphins: a costly but worthy alternativeC．Robot dolphins: an attractive and affordable toolD．Advanced technologies benefit the environment03（2022·四川·凉山彝族自治州教育科学研究所高一期末）If you don’t want people to know much about you, you’d better keep your fridge contents secret, according to a British market research document released last week.Researchers studied the fridges of 400 people in Britain and compared the contents with the owners’ lifestyles. They claim to be able to classify the nation’s people by fridge contents. They say those people can be separated into five categories: nutrition nerds (痴迷者), food -trend chasers (whatever is fashionable), strict mums, fast food fans and restaurant regulars.Nutrition nerds care much about what they put into their bodies. Their fridges are filled with fruit, vegetables and healthy meat. People in this category tend to be highly organized and usually work as lawyers or accountants (会计). The majority of them are single, but if they have a partner, that person will be similar.A fridge full of vitamins—enriched juices shows its owner works in media or fashion. They tend not to eat the foods they buy. Known as the food -trend chasers, they just want to be seen buying the latest important things.A fridge filled with everything from steak to frozen fish suggests the strict mum. Her fridge tends to be filled with every kind of product, except what she herself wants. This fridge shows difficulty in balancing family and work life.Fast food fans always buy mineral water or soda pop. The nearest they will get to fresh fruit is tomato sauce. Their fridges show someone who works hard and plays hard, and someone who doesn’t like long term planning.9．What did the researchers find out?A．People in Britain like to eat out.B．Most British people don’t eat healthily.C．There are five types of people in the world.D．People’s characters can be reflected by their fridge contents.10．What can you infer about nutrition nerds?A．They rarely eat meat.B．They are mostly single.C．They care about food quality and expenses.D．Their lives are organized by lawyers or accountants.11．What do we know about the five types of people?A．Nutrition nerds are always organized and successful in their jobs.B．Strict mums care about others in family more than themselves.C．Food- -trend chasers like to fill their fridges with tasty foods.D．Fast food fans usually fill their fridges with fresh fruit.12．What will those who often eat out put in the fridge?A．Food rich in vitamins. B．Only something to drink.C．Fast food with tomato sauce. D．Food from restaurants.04（2022·广东·高二期末）You may have heard about Amadeus Mozart, a classical composer from the 18th century. But have you ever heard about the Mozart effect?The Mozart effect first came to be known to the public in 1993. A study published in the journal Science found that children who listened to Mozart’s music, for ten minutes showed a clear improvement in spatial (空间的) reasoning tests than those who listened to other sounds that can help people relax. Another study also examined the long-term effects of Mozart on the brains of kids. A group of 3- to 4-yeard-old kids were given music lessons for six months. After the lessons, the performance of the kids on a spatial reasoning test saw 30 percent improvement as compared to children who undertook other training or no training at all for that long.As a result of these studies, the popularity of Mozart’s music has grown. Some schools in the US started to play Mozart to children, and it even led the southern state of Georgia to provide babies with free Mozart CDs. And the findings further showed the importance of music in the cognitive development of children.Now we know the Mozart effect shows playing Mozart benefits brain development. But how does that happen? The classical music pathways in the brain and the neural (神经的) trails we use for spatial reasoning are quite alike. When we listen to classical music or learn to play this kind of music, especially Mozart’s music, the spatial pathways in the brain are stimulated (刺激) and prepared for use. This makes the mind more active, leading to more intelligence.As parents, you do not need to wait until your kid is in primary school to start music lessons. Most children between the age of four and five are ready to start learning the basics of music. Early intervention (干预) can help your baby grow into a smart adult, besides improving his or her academic performance and life skills.13．What can we learn about children listening to Mozart’s music?A．They show great interest in creating music.B．They could perform spatial tasks better.C．They find his music difficult to understand.D．They could hold their attention much longer.14．The author introduces the Mozart effect mainly by ________.A．explaining data B．stating argumentsC．providing research results D．analyzing experts’ words15．Why is classical music beneficial to brain development?A．It makes the mind calm and clear.B．It fixed some damage to neural trails.C．It helps awaken some hidden memories.D．It causes the brain’s spatial pathways to start to work.16．What are parents advised to do to help their children be smart adults?A．Train children to form good learning habits.B．Develop an interest in music themselves.C．Perform music with children as much as possible.D．Get children to start music lessons early on.  参考答案：1．D2．C3．A4．B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了东京大学一个研究小组发布了一项新研究，他们通过实验证明：比起使用数字设备，在纸上写作实际上对大脑最有益。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The team said that using paper gave the volunteers more of a chance to write in their own form, while digital devices are more consistent”（研究小组表示，使用纸张让志愿者有更多的机会以自己的形式书写，而数字设备的书写形式则始终如一。）可知，志愿者们在纸上写的更快是因为他们可以用自己的方式。所以“They could write in their unique ways.”（他们可以用自己独特的方式写作。）符合题意。故选D项。2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“After using their paper or a device to take notes about this conversation, the volunteers were given an hour break and at ask to keep them from thinking directly about the study. ”（在用他们的纸或设备记录下这段对话后，志愿者们被要求休息一小时，以防止他们直接想到这项研究。）可知，志愿者们被要求记录下一段对话。所以“Take notes about a conversation.”（对谈话做记录。）符合题意。故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Those who used paper for notetaking took only 11 minutes to jot down their thoughts during the study, while people who used tablets took 14 minutes; smartphone users spent the most time on the task, taking 16 minutes to write down their thoughts. As for the accuracy of the answers, those writing on paper seemed to stand out. This suggested that writing on paper benefited their memory. ”（在研究过程中，用纸做笔记的人只花了11分钟记下自己的想法，而用平板电脑的人花了14分钟；智能手机用户花在这项任务上的时间最多，他们花16分钟写下自己的想法。至于答案的准确性，那些写在纸上的答案似乎很突出。这表明在纸上写字有助于他们的记忆力。）可知，在纸上写下后，记忆是最深刻的；因此志愿者们被要求休息一个小时之后，才开始回答问题的目的就是为了检测他们的记忆力。所以“To test their memory.”（为了测试他们的记忆力。）符合题意。故选A项。4．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“smartphone users spent the most time on the task, taking 16 minutes to write down their thoughts.”（智能手机用户花在这项任务上的时间最多，他们花16分钟写下自己的想法。）可知，句中的write down就等同于划线短语jot down ，意为“写下”。故选B项。 5．C6．D7．A8．B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新西兰的企业家开发了一款机器海豚，这种“新型”海豚的出现将为世界各地的海洋馆提供了一种新的选择。5．细节理解题。通过文章第二段“But as marine parks around the world face increasing pressure to abandon exhibitions featuring real whales and dolphins, the creatures provide an appealing alternative, their creators say（他们的创造者说道，但是因为全世界的海洋公园面临着越来越大的压力，想要放弃以真正的鲸和海豚为特色的展览。刚好这种机器海豚就提供了一个诱人的选择）”可知，电子海豚的发明是为了保护真正的海豚。故选C。6．推理判断题。通过文章第三段“But with a price tag of about NZ$40m (£20.8m) per dolphin, the biggest obstacle for the creators of the animatronic creatures is proving to potential clients that the robotic sea creatures will work out to be cheaper in the long run than the real thing（因为每一只电子海豚的价格是NZ$40m (£20.8m)，所以电子海豚的创造者面临的最大的障碍就是告诉潜在的客户，这种电子生物虽然价格比价高，但是从长远来看的话，它比真生物要便宜些）”可推知,它们的价格较高但使用时间也较长。故选D项。7．推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“In nature, dolphins swim up to 40 miles a day and live in close family groups, but in captivity they were confined to concrete pools filled with chemically treated water and forced to interact with strangers（在自然界中，海豚能每天游40英里并且与家人住在一起。但是在圈养中，它们限制在混凝土游泳池中，池里全是充满化学物质的水，它们被迫与陌生人交流）”可知，此处对真实海豚的描写，进一步表明发明机器海豚的重要性。故选A项。8．主旨大意题。通过文章整体阅读，可知文章介绍了新西兰的企业家开发了一款机器海豚，这种“新型”海豚的出现将为世界各地的海洋馆提供了一种新的选择。B项“电子海豚：虽然贵，但却是值得的选择”符合文章标题。故选B。 9．D10．B11．B12．B【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述一项调查显示家里的冰箱里存放的东西反映人的性格。按照英国的这项调查可以把人分成五类，一是营养书呆型，二是食物时尚型，三是严格妈妈型，四是快餐狂热分子型，五是餐馆的常客型。文中分别阐述了他们各自储存的东西种类和性格。9．细节理解题。根据第一段内容“If you don’t want people to know much about you, you’d better keep your fridge contents secret, according to a British market research document released last week.(根据上周发布的一份英国市场研究文件，如果你不想让别人了解你，最好对你冰箱里的东西保密。)”和第二段的“Researchers studied the fridges of 400 people in Britain and compared the contents with the owners’ lifestyles. They claim to be able to classify the nation’s people by fridge contents.( 研究人员研究了英国400人的冰箱，并将其所容纳的东西与主人的生活方式进行了比较。他们声称能够根据冰箱里装的东西对这个国家的人进行分类)”可知，研究人员发现人们的性格可以反映在他们的冰箱里的东西上。故选D项。10．推理判断题。根据第三段的“The majority of them are single, but if they have a partner, that person will be similar.( 他们中的大多数都是单身，但如果他们有伴侣，那个人有人会很相似。)”可知，营养书呆型的人大部分都是单身。故选B项。11．推理判断题。根据第五段的“A fridge filled with everything from steak to frozen fish suggests the strict mum. Her fridge tends to be filled with every kind of product, except what she herself wants.( 冰箱里塞满了从牛排到冷冻鱼等所有的东西，这表明她是一位严格的母亲。她的冰箱里往往装满了各种各样的产品，除了她自己想要的东西。)”可推断，严格妈妈型比起关心自己更关心家庭成员。故选B项。12．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Fast food fans always buy mineral water or soda pop. The nearest they will get to fresh fruit is tomato sauce.( 爱吃快餐的人总是买矿泉水或苏打水。他们能找到的最接近新鲜水果是番茄酱。)”可知，那些经常在外面吃饭的人冰箱里仅有一些喝的。故选B项。 13．B14．C15．D16．D【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了莫扎特效应有利于孩子大脑的发育。13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A study published in the journal Science found that children who listened to Mozart’s music, for ten minutes showed a clear improvement in spatial (空间的) reasoning tests than those who listened to other sounds that can help people relax. (发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究发现，在空间推理测试中，听莫扎特音乐10分钟的儿童比听其他有助于放松的音乐的儿童表现出明显的提高。)”可知，儿童听莫扎特的音乐，他们可以更好地执行空间任务。故选B项。14．推理判断题。根据第二段中“A group of 3- to 4-yeard-old kids were given music lessons for six months. After the lessons, the performance of the kids on a spatial reasoning test saw 30 percent improvement as compared to children who undertook other training or no training at all for that long.(一组3到4岁的孩子上了6个月的音乐课。上完课后，这些孩子在空间推理测试中的表现，与长期接受其他训练或不接受任何训练的孩子相比，提高了30%。)”可知，作者主要通过提供研究结果介绍莫扎特效应。故选C项。15．细节理解题。根据第四段中“When we listen to classical music or learn to play this kind of music, especially Mozart’s music, the spatial pathways in the brain are stimulated (刺激) and prepared for use. This makes the mind more active, leading to more intelligence.(当我们听古典音乐或学习演奏这类音乐，特别是莫扎特的音乐时，大脑中的空间路径被刺激并准备使用。这会使大脑更活跃，从而提高智力。)”可知，因为古典音乐能导致大脑的空间路径开始工作，所以它对大脑发育有益。故选D项。16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As parents, you do not need to wait until your kid is in primary school to start music lessons. Most children between the age of four and five are ready to start learning the basics of music. Early intervention (干预) can help your baby grow into a smart adult, besides improving his or her academic performance and life skills. (作为父母，你不需要等到你的孩子上小学才开始上音乐课。大多数4到5岁的孩子已经准备好开始学习基本的音乐知识了。早期干预可以帮助你的宝宝成长为一个聪明的成年人，除了提高他或她的学习成绩和生活技能。)”可知，父母应该让孩子们尽早开始上音乐课来帮助孩子成为聪明的成年人。故选D项。