专题14构词法-2022年高考英语二轮复习之语法经典练

这是一份专题14构词法-2022年高考英语二轮复习之语法经典练，共11页。
专题14 构词法（基础小题狂练+语法填空+短文改错：限时40分钟） 班级：___________姓名：___________ Exercise 1   单句语法填空1.My neighbour is  _________  his new house. The  _________   makes much noise every day. (decorate)2.I'm not saying it because you rejected me and hurt my feelings  _________(terrible).3.And day after day, the once beautiful river has turned into a  _________(smell) dustbin.4.Since then, there has been no  _________(office) communication with the kidnappers(绑架者).5.It was  ________(extreme) difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any modern machine.6.Your ideas are very interesting, but we need  ________(practice) suggestions to get us out of trouble.7.Men and women have to sit in separate areas-----the men with the bridegroom, and the women with the bride, at wedding_________(receive).  8.A ________(retire) engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years.9.He found he could no longer deal with his _______ (demand) job.10.I must make an _____(apologize) to him for not going to his party.11.Some media  _________  the conflict was under control, but there has still been no official  _________ . (confirm)12._________, I thought I could adapt to the climate there.(initial)13.Even if you  _________  once again，it doesn't suggest that you are a  _________. (fail)14.Kara's phone has been ringing _____. We are really bored with the _____. (frequent)15.Due to a small fire, the office will be closed _____, but it will be open very soon. (temporary)16.When food had been _____ to the villagers, they complained that its _____ was not fair. (distribute)17.Seeing the cat killed in the _____, the little girl trembled _____. (violent)18.The great  _________  united the small states into a powerful  _________. (empire)19.Her face was covered with  _________,  which made it look rather  _________  than usual. (dirty)20.Though with  _________  feet, the girl  _________  felt a bit cold. (bare)21.The pretty girl looked  _________, and no one could match with her  _________. (elegant)22.He  _________  the skills required for the job， so we didn't admit him into our group due to  _________  of in­terest. (lack)23.My daughter  _________  described what she had heard and seen in the wildlife zoo. (vivid)24.My boss _____ me to work overtime every day, and I had an _____ to hit him. (urge)25.They are discussing how to build up a                       (power) government.26.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's _____(wonder).27.__________(compare) with letters, e-mails are more convenient in communication nowadays.28.Children are allowed much more  __________(free) these days.29.They fought a long battle against prejudice and  __________(ignorant).30.South Africa has submitted an  __________(apply) to host the World Cup.31.He took a very  __________(science) approach to management.32.We moved into a cabin with  _________(electric) hut no running water.33.He remained the most popular  _________(politic) in Arkansas.34.The buildings have been designed to blend in with their  _________(surround).35.The author's __________(intend) is to keep everyone guessing until the bitter end.36.His only chance of __________(survive)was a heart transplant.37.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of _________(entertain).38.Join us to taste a _________(various) of fresh local food and drinks.39.Since most students are in need of a nap, proper ________(arrange) should be made so that students can have a good rest after a whole morning's hard work.40.They believe the civilisation of a city can be judged by people's ________(aware) of animal protection.41.While I have only listed two of each, there are ________(obvious) many other situations that can arise.42.The people in the hall seemed very nosy, keeping their eyes on me with _________(curious).43.There are energy savings to be made from all __________(recycle) materials， sometimeshuge savings.44.Operators said the dark spot is about two times the ________(long) of the United States.45.If she had been aware that the mushrooms were __________(poison)， she would not have picked them for dinner.46.Both locally and _______(global) , the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.47.However， the two zookeepers didn't want to see the ________(extinct) of this precious species.48.There are many ways to increase ________(agriculture) efficiency in the poorer areas of the world.49.The ________(disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.50.The title will be __________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.51.This kind of soil is not                           (suit) for growing peanuts.52.It is essential to get good _________(profession) advice.53.The method is _________(specific) designed for use in small groups.54.I think it was  ___________  that they should have been aware of the  ___________  of the rules. (significance)55.In the experiment, we want to know the  _________   data, so you must assure the  _________. (accurate)56.I am beginning to feel embarrassed at my complete _____ (ignore) of world history.57.This kind of soil is not _____ (suit) for growing peanuts.58.It is _______ (legal) to drive after drinking alcohol in our country.59.The fish is a bit ____ (smell). We can't eat it.60.____ (unfortunate), Chaplin and his friend didn't find any gold but were caught in a snowstorm.61.The ____ (fly) was cancelled as a result of the terrible weather.62.His ____ (careless) resulted in his failure in the math contest. Exercise 2   语法填空阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或使用括号中单词的正确形式。 "What's the matter, Mum?"    As soon as I entered the door, I found that my mother was not ①_____ (please). It was unusual — she usually ②_____ (open) the door and welcomes me with a smile!   "She's dying," Mum said ③_____ (sad). I knew what she said. The tulip (郁金香), my mother's favorite, is dying.    A month ago, we moved into our new house and Mum ④_____ (buy) a very beautiful tulip in a flower shop. Mum liked it very much. Whenever she was free, she would sit in her armchair beside the tulip and enjoy ⑤_____ (it) beautiful colour and nice smell.    She regarded the tulip as a baby and looked after it carefully. She put the tulip by the window and moved it from one place to another ⑥_____ (give) enough sunshine to it. The first thing she did ⑦_____ she got up every morning was to water the tulip. Mum also fertilized it many times.    She hoped that ⑧_____ great care, the tulip would become more and more beautiful.⑨_____ the tulip was dying because of too much sunshine, water and fertilizer.    It's true that mother loved the tulip. But this kind of love must be ⑩_____ (harm).    Too much love can sometimes kill what you love. Exercise 3 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及二个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。    My friend Wang Le and I planned to travel together. We agreed to meeting at the train station. The station was filled with passengers who was walking in a hurry toward the enter to the station. It took me about 20 minute to get in. When the time came for check-in, I phoned Wang, and he didn't answer. After waiting for a quarter, I still didn't show up. Time was running out of, and I had to make a move myself. Just when I was going through the gate helpless, there came a familiar voice—right before the gate was closed! He rushed in and explained to me that he overslept, making him run all a way.
参考答案Exercise 1   单句语法填空1.答案：decorating；decoration2.答案：terribly解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用terrible的副词形式修饰动词"hurt"，意为“非常地，很厉害地”。故填terribly。3.答案：smelly解析：考查形容词。句意为：日复一日，这条曾经美丽的河流已经变成了发臭的垃圾桶。此处应用形容词修饰名词"dustbin"， smelly意为"有臭味的，有难闻气味的"，符合句意。故填smelly。4.答案：official解析： 考查形容词。句意为：从那时起，便没有了与绑架者（进行）的官方的沟通。此处应用形容词修饰名词"communication"。故填official。5.答案：extremely解析：此空并不是系动词was后的表语,作表语的是difficult,空格处所填的词修饰 difficult,故应填副词 。注意以e结尾的形容词转换为副词的拼写规律:除以le结尾的形容词和true等以"元音字母+e"结尾的词外,其他都是直接加ly,不能去e。6.答案：practical解析：此处表示可是我们需要切实可行的建议帮我们脱离困境，故此处用 practice的形容词形式 practical作定语修饰名词 suggestions。因为有些考生对 need doing= need to be done结构比较熟悉，故容易忽视语境而误填practicing。7.答案：receptions解析：考查名词。句意：在婚宴上，男人和女人必须坐在不同的地方—新郎这边坐的是男人，新娘这边坐的是女人。根据areas可知，空格处应该用名词复数，分析句子成分可知，此处at wedding receptions是地点状语，意为 "在婚礼宴会上" 。故填receptions。8.答案：retired9.答案：demanding10.答案：apology解析：此处是一个固定短语，make an apology to sb，向某人道歉，所以需要apologize的名词形式，即apology．11.答案：confirmed, confirmation12.答案：Initially13.答案：fail, failure14.答案：frequently, frequency15.答案：temporarily16.答案：distributed, distribution17.答案：violence, violently18.答案：emperor, empire19.答案：dirt, dirtier20.答案：bare, barely21.答案：elegant, elegance22.答案：lacked, lack23.答案：vividly24.答案：urged, urge25.答案：powerful解析：修饰名词government应用形容词，根据句意可知此处表示“强大的”，故填powerful。26.答案：wonderful解析：句意: 然后我们收到了官方的来信, 我们大吃一惊, 我们为她骄傲。那太棒了。根据句子结构可知, 在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语, 故填wonderful。 27.答案：Compared解析：句意:和信件相比,如今电子邮件更方便交流。分析句子结构可知,compare与句子主语e-mails构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故填Compared。28.答案：freedom解析：句意为:现在,孩子们被给予了更多的自由。句中的allow是双宾动词,用法为 allow sb sth,故此处应使用名词形式freedom。29.答案：ignorance解析：句意为:他们同偏见与无知进行了长期的斗争。句中and表示并列,连接的是名词prejudice和设空处,故此处应使用名词形式 ignorance。30.答案：application解析：句意为:南非已经提交了举办世界杯的申请。此处应使用名词形式作宾语。31.答案：scientific解析：句意为:他采取了一种非常科学的管理方法。此处应使用形容词来修饰名词 approach。32.答案：electricity解析：句意为:我们搬进了一间有电但是没有自来水的小木屋。此处应使用名词作介词with的宾语。33.答案：politician解析：句意为:他仍是阿肯色州最受喜爱的政治家。此处前有形容词 popular修饰且指He,应使用名词 politician。34.答案：surroundings解析：句意为:这些建筑物设计巧妙,与周围环境浑然一体。表示“环境;周围的事物”时应使用名词 surroundings,且其为复数形式。35.答案：intention解析：句意为:这位作者的意图是在最终悲痛的结尾前让所有人都猜不透。此处应使用名词作主语。36.答案：survival解析：句意为:只有进行心脏移植,他才有机会活下去。此处应用名词作介词of的宾语。37.答案：entertainment解析：句意为:另一个反对电视的论据说,它作为一种消遣的形式替代了阅读。a form of 意为“一种……的形式”,后面要接名词作宾语,故填entertainment。38.答案：variety解析：句意为:加入我们,一起来尝一尝各种各样的当地的新鲜食物和饮料。a variety of 意为“各种各样的”,相当于形容词various。39.答案：arrangements解析：设空处在句中作主语,应用名词,arrangement作“安排,准备”讲时为可数名词,且常用复数形式。故填arrangements。40.答案：awareness解析：句意为:他们认为一个城市的文明可以通过人们保护动物的意识来评价。设空处作介词by 的宾语,应用名词,故填awareness。41.答案：obviously解析：句意为:尽管我只分别列出了两个,但显然还有很多其他的情况可能出现。此处要用 obvious 的副词形式 obviously 修饰be动词are。42.答案：curiosity解析：句意为:大厅里的人们似乎非常爱管闲事,一直好奇地看着我。介词with后应用名词作宾语。43.答案：recyclable解析：句意为:所有可回收的材料都可以节省能源,有时被节省下来的能源量是巨大的。此处需要形容词,修饰空后的 materials,表示“可回收的材料”,故填形容词recyclable。44.答案：length解析：句意为:操作员表示,这个黑斑大约有横跨整个美国的长度的两倍长。此处考查倍数的表达:“A + be +倍数+ the +名词+ of + B”,意为“A是B在某个方面的多少倍”,故填length。 45.答案：poisonous解析：句意为:要是她之前意识到了蘑菇是有毒的,那么她就不会把它们摘下来当晚餐了。此处应用形容词,表示“有毒的”,与空前的be动词构成系表结构,故填poisonous。46.答案：globally解析：句意为:但无论是从当地还是从全球来看,全日照咖啡园的持续扩张都可能意味着对热带雨林生态的破坏。此处修饰后面的句子,应用副词,同时根据and前的locally也可知应填副词。47.答案：extinction解析：句意为:然而,这两名动物园管理员不愿意看到这种珍贵物种的灭绝。此处作see的宾语,应用名词,故填extinction。 48.答案：agricultural解析：句意为:人们有许多可以提高世界较贫困地区农业效能的方法。agriculture意为“农业”,此处需要形容词,修饰空后的efficiency(效率;效能),故填agricultural。 49.答案：disappearance解析：句意为:恐龙的灭绝并不一定是由天文方面的事件导致的。disappear是动词,此处应填名词,作主语,故填 disappearance,意为“消失”。 50.答案：officially解析：句意为:这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上被正式授予我。此处需要填入副词,修饰句子的谓语部分 will be given to,故填officially,表示“官方地;正式地”。51.答案：suitable解析： 句意：这种土壤不适合种植花生。be suitable for 意为 “适合...”。52.答案：professional解析：句意为:获得好的专业建议是非常重要的。设空处修饰后面的名词advice,需填形容词。53.答案：specifically解析：句意为:这个方法是专为小组使用而设计的。设空处修饰动词designed,需用副词。54.答案：significant, significance55.答案：accurate, accuracy56.答案：ignorance解析：考查名词。句意:我开始因自己对世界历史的一无所知感到尴尬。根据空前形容词complete及空后介词of可知,本空应用名词ignorance“无知”。57.答案：suitable解析：考查形容词。句意:这种土壤不适合种植花生。本空在句中作表语,故应用形容词suitable“适合的”。be suitable for“适合……”。58.答案：illegal解析：考查形容词。句意:在我们国家,酒后开车是违法的。本空在句中作表语,根据句意可知,本空应用形容词illegal“违法的”。59.答案：smelly解析：考查形容词。句意:这条鱼有点儿臭了。我们不能吃它了。本空在句中作表语,根据空前a bit可知,本空应用形容词smelly“有臭味的”。60.答案：Unfortunately解析：考查副词。句意:不幸的是,卓别林和他的朋友没找到任何金子,却遇上了暴风雪。本空位于句首修饰整个句子,故应用副词;根据句意可知,本空应用副词Unfortunately“不幸地”。61.答案：flight解析：考查名词。句意:由于糟糕的天气,这次航班被取消了。本空在句中作主语,故应用名词flight“航班”。62.答案：carelessness解析：考查名词。句意:他的粗心导致了他在数学竞赛中的失败。本空在句中作主语,故应用名词carelessness“粗心”。 Exercise 2   语法填空答案：①pleased ②opens ③sadly ④bought ⑤its ⑥to give ⑦when / after ⑧with ⑨But ⑩harmful解析：①分析句子 I found that my mother was not ① (please)可知,本句中的动词please在句子中作表语,作表语要用形容词,本句中所用词用于修饰人,要用形容词 pleased。 ②这是不寻常的—她通常开门,微笑着迎着我回家。根据下一句中的"welcomes"可知,要用一般现在时。故填opens。 ③分析句子"Mum said ③ (sad)"可知,本句的sad为形容词,在本句中修饰动词,修饰动词要用副词。故要用副词sadly,故填sadly。 ④根据时间状语"A month ago,"可知,要用一般过去时,故填buy的过去式bought。 ⑤她总是喜欢坐在郁金香旁边,享受郁金香的(its)漂亮色彩和香味。是花的(its)颜色和香味,故填its。 ⑥分析句子可知,本句中的give是表示目的的。故要用动词不定式。句意:她把郁金香放在窗前,把它从一个地方移到另一个地方,目的是给它足够的阳光。因此要用动词不定式to give。 ⑦她每天早上起床的第一件事就是给郁金香浇水。分析句子可知,是起床之后,会给花浇水,故填when / after。 ⑧她希望在她细心的照顾下,郁金香会变得越来越美丽。with great care为习惯搭配,意为“非常小心,小心翼翼”。故填 with。 ⑨她希望在她细心的照頋下,郁金香会变得越来越美丽。但是郁金香因为阳光、水和肥料太多而濒临死亡。分析这两句可知,二者为转折,故填But。 ⑩分析句子可知,系动词be后面缺少表语,而harm为动词, 故要用形容词harmful作表语,故填harmful。  Exercise 3 短文改错答案：    My friend Wang Le and I planned to travel together. We agreed to at the train station. The station was filled with passengers who walking in a hurry toward the to the station. It took me about 20 to get in. When the time came for check-in, I phoned Wang, he didn't answer. After waiting for a quarter, still didn't show up. Time was running out of, and I had to make a move myself. Just when I was going through the gate, there came a familiar voice—right before the gate was closed! He rushed in and explained to me that he overslept, making him run all way.解析： 1. meeting→meet【解析】考查非谓语动词。agree后接的to是不定式结构,要用动词原形。2. was→were 【解析】考查主谓一致。定语从句中的who指代的是passengers,要用复数的wee。3. enter →entrance 【解析】考查名词。此处前面是the,故用名词形式。4. minute→minutes【解析】考查名词单复数。此处前面是20, 名词要用复数形式。5. and→but【解析】考查连词。根据句意,此处是转折关系。6. I→he【解析】考查人称代词。此处是指“我”的朋友Wang没有出现,而不是“我”。7. 去掉out后的of【解析】考查固定搭配。run out of需接宾语 ,而后面无宾语,故of多余。8. helpless→helplessly【解析】考查副词。此处要用副词形式作状语。9. overslept前加had【解析】考查时态。“睡过头”是发生在“解释”之前的动作,故要用过去完成时。10. a→the【解析】考查冠词。all the way是固定搭配,意为“一路上,一直”。