英语-2022届高三下学期开学摸底考试卷（上海专用）

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2022届高三下学期开学摸底考试卷（上海专用）
I. Listening Comprehension Section A （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Shocked. B. Sad. C. Anxious. D. Annoyed.
2. A. $15. B. $18. C. $30. D. $33.
3. A. He had his son buy the soy sauce. B. He used up the soy sauce.
C. He had the supper fixed. D. He went and got the soy sauce.
4. A. He ordered roast beef. B. He would like some cold drinks.
C. He worked at the beach. D. He seldom eats roast beef.
5. A. The kids are not friendly to Teresa.
B. The kids are getting along well with Teresa.
C. The kids need a person to take care of.
D. Teresa’s English is very good.
6. A. Doctor and patient. B. Teacher and student.
C. Magician and audience. D. Driver and passenger.
7. A. He was a firefighter.
B. He was excited to get the medal.
C. He was responsible for the fire.
D. He was very brave.
8. A. They are not used to living in hot places.
B. They will get away from the hot days.
C. They will not be back until it gets cold.
D. They are reluctant to go on holiday.
9. A. Advertise for a job. B. Find another job through ads.
C. Keep the news a secret from his wife. D. Serve at the coffee shop.
10. A She’s excited about her new job. B. She finds the office is too big for her.
C. She thinks the work load unbearable. D. She’s not so excited about her new position.

Section B
Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. What is NOT included in the written reports?
A. Students’ strength. B. Students’ weakness.
C. Teachers’ suggestions. D. Students’ grades.
12. Why do some parents complain about the written reports?
A. Because they cannot boast about their children.
B. Because reports have less information.
C. Because it is a strange way to evaluate performance.
D. Because others don’t consider it to be formal.
13. What Wewers’ attitude towards the written reports?
A. Objective. B. Supportive. C. Neutral. D. Indifferent.

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. Why did NASA provide money for the experiment?
A. To study the effect of isolation on humans.
B. To figure out the conditions of the volcano.
C. To help choose the right persons for a trip to Mars.
D. To learn about human mental and emotional problems.
15. What special quality are the subjects NOT supposed to have during the experiment?
A. Eating diet food. B. Enduring isolation.
C. Being cooperative. D. Coping with pressure.
16. What are the crew-members required to do during the experiment?
A. To set up their habitat. B. To make weather maps.
C. To study the rocky surface. D. To communicate every 20 minutes.

Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. How’s the two speakers relationship after they had an argument?
A. Friendly. B. Unfriendly. C. Uninterested. D. Respectful.
18. Why must we be careful with our gestures?
A. To avoid offending people. B. To attract attention.
C. To avoid confusing people. D. To make friends easily.
19. In which country does shaking head mean "yes"?
A. Greece. B. India. C. Bulgaria. D. Britain.
20. Which of the following is true according to the conversation?
A. Waving arms around a lot when arguing is very British.
B. Giving a guest from the Middle East a thumb-up is polite.
C. There’s just one meaning when India people shake their heads.
D. Being careful with gestures is a must when you meet people from different cultures.
【答案】1~5. ACABA 6~10. ADBBD 11~13. DAB 14~16. CAC 17~20. AACD
【文字稿附文末】
II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
How can we help students do better at school? Maybe we should subsiding gym memberships and make-up for the teachers we already have. (21)________, at least, are the implications of a new study from researchers at the University of Nevada. They designed a simple experiment to see whether a lecturer's attractiveness has any impact on (22)_______ _______ of the lecture students remember.
Here is how the experiment was carried out. At first, the researchers conducted the experiment (23)________131 college student were asked to listen to a recording of a 20-minute introductory physics lecture. All of the students, randomly (24)________(assign) to a male or female lecture, read exactly the same text. While the lecture was playing, a computer screen displayed a photo of the lecturer--who was highly attractive in some cases and (25)_______(eye-catching) in others. Taking notes was not allowed in the course.
After the lecture, participants got a 25-question quiz on the lecture. For those with the attractive instructor, the average score was 18.27; for those with an ordinary one, the average was 16.68, seemingly not huge gap (26)_______ statistically significant, the researchers said.
Participants were asked to evaluate the lecturers after (27) _______ (quiz). Sure enough, students found the attractive instructors more motivational, easier to follow and (28) _______(possess) greater health, intelligence and competence. They also generally agreed on the attractiveness of the lecturers.
So do the new findings mean that schools should hire better-looking, teachers? R. Shane Westfall, the lead author of the new paper, notes that (29)_______ _______ the performance differences in his study amounted to about half of a letter grade, teaching training, experience and dedication would probably make a bigger difference. Interestingly, earlier studies have found that good-looking people are more likely to get hired in almost any context- suggesting that schools may (30)_______(hire) the more attractive teachers.
【答案】
21.those 22. how much 23. where 24.assigned 25. less eye-catching 26. But 27.being quizzed 28. possessing 29.even if 30. have hired
【难度】难
【易错题】
22. 句意：他们设计了一个简单的实验，看看讲师的吸引力是否对讲座学生记得的（22___有任何影响。学生没有思路，应该先分析句子，此空为宾语从句，2空只有how系列，根据句意为how much
23.定语从句与同位语从句辨析，此处为抽象地点，适当举例同位从句idea，suggestion等词做对比
28. and结构分析，此空为3个名词短语并列
30. 情态动词表示对过去的猜测。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. association B. banned C. linked D. outlets E. packaging F. potentially G. purchased H. uncovered I. recognized J. regularly K. risks
Eating out increases levels of phthalates(酞酸盐)in the body, study finds US research____31____35% increase in levels of chemical linked to disease in those who dined at restaurants the previous day.
Burgers and sandwiches were____32____ to higher phthalate levels in the research, but only if ____33____at a restaurant or cafe.
Eating at restaurants and fast food chains may increase exposure to____34____ harmful chemicals used to increase the flexibility and durability of plastic, a study has found.
Researchers investigating levels of phthalates in the human body, which have been related to breast cancer, asthma, type2 diabetes(哮喘，二型糖尿病)and fertility issues in the past few years, were found to be nearly 35% higher in participants who had eaten out the previous day compared with those who stayed at home. The ____35____was especially strong for teenagers, researchers found. Adolescents who frequently ate at fast-food____36____while out with their friends had 55% higher levels of the chemicals than young people eating at home.
Pathalates are building agents frequently used in food____317____as well as a number of other products including flooring, soaps and shampoos, and some forms of the chemical, have been ____38____from children's products in the US.
Pathalates are everywhere, and the health ____39____are worrying. The feelings suggest that dining out may be an important, and previously under____40____source of exposure to phthalates for the US population.
【答案】31. H 32. C 33. G 34. F 35. A 36. D 37. E 38. B 39. K 40. I
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是美国一项研究发现，前一天在餐馆就餐的人体内与疾病相关的化学物质含量会增加35%。
【31题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：外出就餐会增加人体内邻苯二甲酸盐含量，美国一项研究发现，前一天在餐馆就餐的人体内与疾病相关的化学物质含量会增加35%。由“research”和“35% increase in levels of chemical linked to disease in those who dined at restaurants the previous day”可知，句子表示“研究发现前一天在餐馆就餐的人体内与疾病相关的化学物质含量会增加35%”，因此空格处是“发现”，是uncover，句子描述过去的事情，因此时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故选H。
【32题详解】
考查动词和固定短语。句意：在研究中，汉堡和三明治与较高的邻苯二甲酸盐含量有关，但只在餐馆或咖啡馆购买。由“Burgers and sandwiches”和“to higher phthalate levels in the research”可知，句子表示“汉堡和三明治与较高的邻苯二甲酸盐含量有关”，因此空格处是“和......有关”，be linked to是固定短语，意为“和......有关”，故选C。
【33题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：在研究中，汉堡和三明治与较高的邻苯二甲酸盐含量有关，但只在餐馆或咖啡馆购买。由“Burgers and sandwiches”和“at a restaurant or cafe”可知，汉堡和三明治是在餐馆或咖啡馆购买的，因此空格处是“购买”，即purchase，此处为状语从句的省略，用过去分词表被动，故选G。
【34题详解】
考查副词。句意：一项研究发现，在餐馆和快餐连锁店吃饭可能会增加接触潜在有害化学物质的几率，这些化学物质被用来增加塑料的灵活性和耐久性。由“harmful chemicals”可知，空格处用副词修饰形容词harmful，且根据语境可知，句子表示“在餐馆和快餐连锁店吃饭可能会增加接触潜在有害化学物质的几率”，因此空格处是“潜在地”，故选F。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：研究人员发现，这种关联在青少年中尤其明显。由“was especially strong”可知，此处表示“这种关联在青少年中尤其明显”，故选A。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：经常和朋友出去吃快餐的青少年比在家吃的青少年体内的化学物质含量高55%。由“while out with their friends”可知，此处表示在外面的店里吃饭，因此空格处是“商店”，即outlet，前面没有冠词，因此空格处用复数，故选D。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：Pathalates是一种建筑剂，经常用于食品包装，以及包括地板、肥皂和洗发水在内的许多其他产品，而在美国，某些形式的化学物质已被禁止用于儿童产品。由“used in food”可知，此处表示“Pathalates经常用于食品包装”，空格处是“包装”，是packaging，故选E。
【38题详解】
考查动词。句意：Pathalates是一种建筑剂，经常用于食品包装，以及包括地板、肥皂和洗发水在内的许多其他产品，而在美国，某些形式的化学物质已被禁止用于儿童产品。由“Pathalates”和“from children's products in the US.”可知，Pathalates被禁止用于儿童产品，因此空格处是“禁止”，是ban，Pathalates是被禁止，因此空格处用过去分词banned，故选B。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：Pathalates无处不在，健康风险令人担忧。由“are worrying”可知，Pathalates对健康是有风险的，故选K。
【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：这些感觉表明，外出就餐可能是美国人接触邻苯二甲酸盐的一个重要来源，而且此前还未被认识到。由“previously under____source”可知，外出就餐可能是美国人接触邻苯二甲酸盐的一个重要来源，而且此前还未被认识到，因此空格处是“识别”，即recognize，是被识别，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故选I。

III. Reading Comprehension (41 – 55题，每题1分；56 – 70题，每题2分；共45分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Last week, I taught a case study on the decline of Nokia to my MBA students. I asked them, “Why did Nokia fall from industry ____41____ to also-ran position in the space of less than five years?” Their answers were ____42____:
“They lost touch with their customers.” True, but almost tautological-and interesting to note that this is the same Nokia that in the early 2000s was praised for its ____43____-centric marketing and design capabilities.
“They ____44____ to develop the necessary technologies.” Not really true-Nokia had a prototype touch screen before the iPhone was launched, and its smartphones were ____45____ superior to anything Apple, Samsung, or Google had to offer during the late 1990s.
“They didn’t recognize that the basis of competition was shifting from the hardware to the ecosystem.” ____46____, not really true-the “ecosystem” battle began in the early 2000s, with Nokia joining forces with Ericsson, Motorola, and Psion to create Symbian as a ____47____ technology that would keep Microsoft at bay.
Through this period, the people at Nokia were ____48____ the changes going on around them, and they were never short of leading-edge technology or clever marketers. Where they struggled was in transmitting ____49____into action. The company lacked the capability to change in a decisive and committed way.
The failure of big companies to _____50_____ to changing circumstances is one of the principal puzzles in the world of business. Occasionally, a genuinely “disruptive” technology, such as digital imaging, comes along and _____51_____ an entire industry. But usually the sources of failure are more dull and avoidable—a failure to _____52_____ technologies that have already been developed, an arrogant disregard(傲慢的漠视) for changing customer demands, a self-satisfied attitude towards new competitors.
In such cases, the final responsibility for _____53_____ rests with the CEO. But if such failures are to be avoided, it is clear that the CEO cannot do it on his or her own. People across the firm must keep their eyes open to _____54_____ in their business, and to take responsibility to push their new ideas and _____55_____ existing ways of working. Obviously, this isn't easy to do, but if there is a better understanding of the problem then there is a chance for improvement.
41. A. leadership B. companionship C. craftsmanship D. citizenship
42. A. acceptable B. imaginable C. changeable D. predictable
43. A. customer B. product C. technology D. capital
44. A. transformed B. failed C. attempted D. resolved
45. A. greatly B. really C. competitively D. technologically
46. A. Thus B. Again C. Unfortunately D. Basically
47. A. platform B. basis C. software D. service
48. A. absorbed in B. shocked at C. aware of D. accustomed to
49. A. thoughts B. words C. spirit D. confidence
50. A. look B. apply C. contribute D. adapt
51. A. foster B. benefit C. bankrupt D. reshape
52. A. implement B. cultivate C. undertake D. advocate
53. A. management B. achievement C. failure D. enterprise
54. A. horizons B. pensions C. executives D. changes
55. A. maintain B. challenge C. doubt D. examine
【答案】41. A 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. D 46. B 47. A 48. C 49. A 50. D
51. B 52. A 53. C 54. D 55. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述了上周，作者给学生讲了关于诺基亚衰落的案例，并由此给企业提出一些建议，即企业要善于应对不断的变化，整个公司的员工必须密切关注业务的变化，推动他们的新想法，挑战现有的工作方式。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我问他们，“为什么诺基亚在不到5年的时间里，就从行业领导者变成了落选者？”A. leadership领导者；B. companionship友谊；C. craftsmanship技艺；D. citizenship公民权利。由上文“Last week, I taught a case study on the decline of Nokia to my MBA students”可知，作者给自己的学生讲述诺基亚衰败的案例，所以可知，此处指诺基亚从行业领导者变成了落选者，故选A。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的回答是意料之中的。A. acceptable可接受的；B. imaginable可想象的；C. changeable易变的；D. predictable可预测的；意料之中的。由下文““They lost touch with their customers.” True, but almost tautological”可知，学生回答道“他们与顾客失去了联系”，这是对的，但是这几乎是反复说的，所以作者认为学生们的回答是意料之中的，故选D。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没错，但几乎是同义反复——有趣的是，这就是21世纪初因为以客户为中心的市场营销和设计能力而受到称赞的诺基亚。A. customer顾客；B. product产品；C. technology技术；D. capital首都，资本。由上下文“interesting to note that this is the same Nokia that in the early 2000s was praised for its _______-centric marketing and design capabilities.”可知，学生认为诺基亚失败的原因是与顾客失去联系，作者认为学生说得对，同时作者对学生的回答进行了进一步补充说明，即诺基亚在21世纪初因为以客户为中心的市场营销和设计能力而受到称赞，故选A。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们没有开发出必要的技术。A. transformed使改变；B. failed失败；C. attempted试图；D. resolved解决。由下文“Not really true-Nokia had a prototype touch screen before the iPhone was launched”可知，作者对学生的回答进行了反驳，即学生的回答是错的，因为在iphone发布之前，诺基亚就有一款触摸屏原型机，这说明诺基亚开发了必要的技术，所以可以推断出学生认为诺基亚失败是因为没有开发出必要的技术。故选B。
【45题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实并非如此——在iphone发布之前，诺基亚就有一款触摸屏原型机，而且其智能手机在技术上优于苹果、三星或谷歌在上世纪90年代末提供的任何产品。A. greatly非常地；B. really真正地；C. competitively竞争地；D. technologically科技地；技术上的。由上文“Not really true-Nokia had a prototype touch screen before the iPhone was launched”可知，在iphone发布之前，诺基亚就有一款触摸屏原型机，所以可知，诺基亚的智能手机在技术上优于苹果、三星或谷歌在上世纪90年代末提供的任何产品。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：再一次，事实并非如此——“生态系统”之争始于21世纪初，当时诺基亚与爱立信、摩托罗拉和Psion携手合作，共同开发塞班系统，将微软拒之门外。A. Thus因此；B. Again再一次；C. Unfortunately不幸运地；D. Basically基本上。由上段句子“Not really true”可知，上段作者对学生的回答给予否定，此处作者再一次认为学生的回答是不对的，故选B。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：再一次，事实并非如此——“生态系统”之争始于21世纪初，当时诺基亚与爱立信、摩托罗拉和Psion携手合作，共同开发塞班系统，将微软拒之门外。A. platform平台；B. basis基础；C. software软件；D. service服务。由上下文“create Symbian as a ____7____technology”可知，塞班系统是一个技术平台，故选A。
【48题详解】
考查固定搭配词义辨析。句意：在这段时间里，诺基亚的员工意识到了他们身边正在发生的变化，他们从不缺少尖端技术或聪明的营销人员。A. absorbed in专心于；B. shocked at对……感到震惊；C. aware of意识到；D. accustomed to习惯于。由下文“the changes going on around them”可知，诺基亚的员工意识到了他们身边正在发生的变化，故选C。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们挣扎的地方在于将思想转化为行动。A. thoughts想法；思想；B. words单词；C. spirit精神；D. confidence信心。由上下文“transmitting _______into action.”可知，此处表示将思想转变为行动，故选A。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大公司无法适应不断变化的环境，是商界的主要难题之一。A. look看；B. apply申请；C. contribute做贡献；D. adapt适应。由下文“to changing circumstances”可知，此处表示适应不断变化的环境，故选D。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候，一种真正“颠覆性”的技术，比如数字成像技术的出现，会使整个行业受益。A. foster促进；B. benefit受益；C. bankrupt破产；D. reshape重塑。由上下文“a genuinely “disruptive” technology, such as digital imaging, comes along and ________an entire industry.”可知，一种真正“颠覆性”技术的出现会使整个行业受益，故选B。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但通常，失败的根源更为枯燥，而且是可以避免的——未能实施已经开发出来的技术，傲慢地无视不断变化的客户需求，对新竞争对手抱有自满的态度。A. implement执行；B. cultivate培养；C. undertake从事；D. advocate提倡。由上文“The company lacked the capability to change in a decisive and committed way.”诺基亚失败的原因可知，此处讲一些公司失败的原因是不能实施已经开发出来的技术，故选A。
【53题详解】
n考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这种情况下，失败的最终责任在于执行总裁。A. management管理；B. achievement成就；C. failure失败；D. enterprise事业。由下文“But if such failures are to be avoided, it is clear that the CEO cannot do it on his or her own.”可知，但如果要避免这样的失败，很明显执行总裁不能独自完成，所以可以推断出此处指在这种情况下，失败的最终责任在于执行总裁。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：整个公司的员工必须密切关注业务的变化，并且负起责任来推动他们的新想法，挑战现有的工作方式。A. horizons眼界；B. pensions退休金；C. executives管理人员；D. changes改变。由上文“an arrogant disregard(傲慢的漠视) for changing customer demands,”可知，一些公司失败是因为傲慢地无视不断变化的客户需求，所以此处作者认为公司要想避免失败，整个公司都应该密切关注业务的变化，故选D。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：整个公司的员工必须密切关注业务的变化，并且负起责任来推动他们的新想法，挑战现有的工作方式。A. maintain维持；B. challenge挑战；C. doubt怀疑；D. examine检查。由上下文“take responsibility to push their new ideas and _______existing ways of working”可知，整个公司应该负起责任来推动他们的新想法，做出改变，挑战现有的工作方式，故选B。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
After bouncing my rental car across several miles of red-dirt roads I walked for nearly another mile down the beach to a deserted valley. It was comforting to think that at the very least I was finally out of cell-phone range.
However, even on Kauai, Hawaii’s ‘Garden Island’, complete escape wasn’t all that easy to achieve. Noisy helicopters full of tourists flew overhead like so many dragonflies. Every 20 minutes or so the comforting sounds of wind and water were broken by the noise of a speeding tour boat racing to complete another lap around the island. Worst of all, not more than five minutes by car from the resort where I was staying, the Atomic Clock Internet Café signaled with promises of instant email.
I felt uncomfortable every time I drove by the Atomic Clock Café. I am a technology reporter for an online magazine—my life is driven and dominated by email. I’m drowned in it, usually 400 or 500 messages a day. The main reason for my visit to Kauai was to unplug, disconnect, log off, and get away from it all. No cell phone, no electronic organiser, no laptop. And definitely, no email.
Yes, my plan was to lie on the beach and not check my email. My friends and family were outraged as they could not understand how I could bear to live without email. But they didn’t understand. In my job, I am online, permanently. Cyberspace is more familiar to me than my backyard. While I am awake, my email is always on. I don’t like to be without it for too long. A few hours away from it, and I start to tremble. I am, however, no stranger to beaches and their relaxing qualities and so I knew, even when arriving well after dark at the comfortable cottage in the town of Waimea, that the island of Kauai gave me a good chance of beating my addiction to electronic devices.
Maybe it was full moon lighting the black-sand beach not 10 metres from my door. Or the mango trees casting shadows across the veranda ( 阳 台 ). Or the driftwood piled in loose heaps for as far as I could see along the shore. Without question, the long, slow sound of the waves rolling in calmed my restless soul, and I found I could, in fact, log off.
56. Why did the writer come to Kauai?
A. To get away from the modern technology.
B. To work for the Atomic Clock Internet Café.
C. To write reports on technological development.
D. To find whether there is an alternative to email.
57. What can we learn about the writer?
A. He wrote articles about resorts around the world.
B. He enjoyed beach activities like boat racing.
C. He was eager to work in his backyard.
D. He spent much time working online.
58. The word “outraged” (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to “ ”.
A. relieved B. shocked
C. amused D. offended
59. The writer described the scenery in the last paragraph in order to .
A. argue against his friends’ doubt of Kauai
B. propose a possible destination of his trip
C. highlight the beauty of the beach of Kauai
D. show Kauai produced a relaxing atmosphere
【答案】56. A 57. D 58. B 59. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者作为一名在线杂志的技术记者，每天需要花大量的时间在网上工作。作者为了远离现代科技，选择了去夏威夷“花园岛”Kauai，并记叙了岛上的风光景色。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中The main reason for my visit to Kauai was to unplug, disconnect, log off, and get away from it all. No cell phone, no electronic organiser, no laptop. And definitely, no email.（我去Kauai的主要原因是为了拔掉电源、断开连接、注销，然后远离它。没有手机，没有电子记事本，没有笔记本电脑。当然，没有电子邮件。）可知作者去Kauai的原因是为了远离现代科技。故选A。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段I am a technology reporter for an online magazine—my life is driven and dominated by email. I’m drowned in it, usually 400 or 500 messages a day.（我是一家在线杂志的技术记者——我的生活被电子邮件所驱动和支配。我被它淹没了，通常每天有400或500条信息。）可知作者花了很多时间在网上工作。故选D。
【58题详解】
词义猜测题。根据下文as they could not understand how I could bear to live without email可知作者的朋友和家人无法理解我怎么能忍受没有电子邮件的生活，因此他们感到很震惊。故outraged意思为“吃惊的；震惊的”。故选B。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段Maybe it was full moon lighting the black-sand beach not 10 metres from my door. Or the mango trees casting shadows across the veranda. Or the driftwood piled in loose heaps for as far as I could see along the shore. Without question, the long, slow sound of the waves rolling in calmed my restless soul, and I found I could, in fact, log off.（也许是满月照亮了离我家不到10米的黑沙滩。或是芒果树在阳台上投下的阴影。或者是在我所能看到的海岸上到处乱堆的浮木。毫无疑问，那悠长而缓慢的海浪声平息了我躁动的灵魂，我发现我真的可以退出登录了。）可推知作者在最后一段描述了Kauai的景色，以显示Kauai产生了一种轻松的气氛。故选D。
(B)
Would you like to make our readers smile? Enter this funny story-writing competition and you could see your story printed in The Week Junior and published in a special downloadable book.
Things can feel quite strange and serious at the moment. Sometimes we all need a break from reality to escape into a story that makes us laugh out loud. That's where you come in. Guy Bass (author of Stitch Head and Skeleton Keys) want you to give him the giggles. Usually it's Guy's job to make his readers laugh, but now he's turning the tables as he searchers for the funniest young writers who can give him A WRITELAUGH. He's looking for nine funny stories written by children aged from five to 13, to publish in a special book.
What you win
l There are three age categories: 5-7 years, 8-10 years, and 11-13 years. There will be a first, second and third-placed winner in each category.
l The Week Junior's editorial team will be selecting one of the winning stories to publish in the magazine.
l Each of the nine winners will have their story included in a special e-book that will be available online.
l Also up for grabs are stacks of funny books, and a year's subscription to The Week Junior magazine for the overall winner.
HOW TO ENTER
l Stories should be no more than 500 words long. They can be on any topic, but they must make the judges laugh out loud.
l Ask a parent or guardian to send your entry to awr itelaugh@littletiger co.uk Don't forget to include your name and age.
l Before you enter the competition, make sure your parent or guardian has read the terms and conditions.
l The dosing date for entries is midnight on Friday 31 December.
Not sure where to start? Guy has asked lots of his author friends to supply hints and tips to help get your creative juices flowing. Visit authorfy.com/masterclasses/awr itelaugh to watch video from Guy Bass, Liz Pichon, A. F. Harrold, Swapna Haddow and many more!
*Team & Conditions: A Write Laugh (the "Competition") is organized by the Little Tiger Group. To view the full terms and conditions and rules for entry please go to littetiger.co.uk/a-write-laugh
Privacy: Any personal data relating to entrants will not be disclosed to third party without the individual's permission. We will only use the information you provide to determine your admissibility and to contact you in relation to your entry. Data relating to entrants will be kept by Little Tiger Group for a reasonable period of time after the competition closes, to assist Little Tiger Group to operate the competition in a steady manner and to deal with any inquiries on the competition.
60. To enter the competition, the entrants must________.
A. send his/her story to awritelaugh@littletiger.co.uk
B. hand in his/her entry on Friday 31 December
C. use ideas from authofy.com/masterclasses/awritelaugh
D. write a short funny story on the topic given by Guy Bass
61. What are the prizes for the winners?
A. All the first-placed winners' stories will be published in The Week Junior.
B. The winners will see their stories included in an e-book.
C. The winners will have the chance to talk with famous authors.
D. The winners can subscribe to The Week Junior at a discount.
62. According to the terms and conditions,________.
A. personal data won't be disclosed under any circumstance.
B. Little Tiger Group owns the copyright on all the stories
C. personal data will be used in relation to the competition
D. Litter Tiger Group will remove all data right after the competition
【答案】60. A 61. B 62. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了《少年周刊》杂志社准备开展一次有趣的故事写作征文比赛，文章对比赛的规则、要求、方式以及奖励等方面进行了详细的说明。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章HOW TO ENTER部分“Ask a parent or guardian to send your entry to awr itelaugh@littletiger co.uk ”（ 请家长或监护人将您的报名登记发送至awritelaugh@littletigerco.uk）可知为了参加比赛，参赛者必须将自己的故事发送至awritelaugh@littletiger.co.uk。故选A项。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章What you win部分“Each of the nine winners will have their story included in a special e-book that will be available online.“（九位获奖者中的每一位都将把他们的故事写进一本特别的电子书中，这本书将在网上提供。）说明获奖者将在电子书中看到他们的故事。故选B项。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Privacy: Any personal data relating to entrants will not be disclosed to third party without the individual's permission. We will only use the information you provide to determine your admissibility and to contact you in relation to your entry.”（隐私：未经个人许可，不得向第三方披露与参赛者有关的任何个人数据。我们将仅使用您提供的信息来确定您是否可以参加，并就您的参加事宜与您联系。）说明根据条款和条件，个人数据将用于比赛。故选C项。
(C)
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”
63. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
64. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Sensitive. B. Beneficial. C. Significant. D. Unnoticeable.
65. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz’s model aims to avoid phytoplankton changes.
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
66. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
【答案】63. B 64.A 65. D 66. C
【解析】
63. 根据第一段“the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study 世界海洋将会变得更加蓝和绿”可知说到海洋的颜色会发生变化；根据第二段“Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.由于光反射生物体的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了丰富多彩的图案”可知颜色变化的原因；综合这两点可知这两段讲的是颜色的变化及原因，故选B
64. A.Sensitive 敏感的；B. Beneficial 有益的；C. Significant 意义重大的；D. Unnoticeable 不明显；根据划线词所在的句子的下一句“Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，气候变暖的变化课导致海洋的特征，可以影响浮游植物的生长，”与“vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend”意思相近，故选A
65. 根据第五段“Phytoplankton are the base of the food web.浮游植物是食物链的基础”可知A错误；根据第四段“Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. 麻省理工学院全球变化科学中心的科学家史蒂芬妮·达奇威茨建立了一个气候模型，该模型预测了整个世纪海洋的变化。”可知B错误；根据第三段“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend.浮游植物受气候的影响.”而不是影响气候，可知C错误。根据第四段“But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener.但是在一些水域，比如北极的水域，变暖会使浮游植物的生存条件变得更加成熟，这些区域也会变得更加绿”可知浮游植物会使海洋变绿。故选D。
66. 根据第一段“By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，到本世纪末，如果不是很快的话，世界海洋将会变得更加蓝和绿”可知文章主要是讲气候对海洋的影响；故选择C。

Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Who is to blame for the shapes of our noses?
A. This leads to a gradual decrease in nose width in populations living far away from the equator
B. Wider nostrils (鼻孔) seem to warm and humidify the inside of nose better to protect us from being infected
C. Narrower nostrils seem to alter the airflow so that noses can humidify and warm the air more efficiently
D. Generally, wider noses are more common in warm and humid climates, while narrower noses are more common in cold and dry climate
E. This can clearly explain why our ancestors aren’t to blame for the nose shapes and sizes
F. Investigations into nose shape evolution and climate adaptation may have medical implications as well
If you are not satisfied with the shape of your nose, blame it on climate, not your parents or grandparents. In a study published this week in the journal PLOS Genetics, researchers from the Pennsylvania State University found that human noses may have been shaped, in part, by a long process of adaptation to local climate conditions. _____67_____.
The findings were based on an examination of the size and shape of noses on people with West African, South Asian, East Asian, or Northern European ancestry. It showed that the width of the nostrils is strongly related to temperature and absolute humidity (绝对湿度), but not the result of genetic drift (遗传漂变).
One purpose of the nose is to condition the air we breathe, to ensure that it is warm and moist when it reaches the lungs, which helps to prevent infections. _____68_____which was probably more essential to have this trait in cold and dry climates, it said.
People with narrower nostrils probably had better and had more offspring than people with wider nostrils, in colder climates._____69_____. The nose has had a complex evolutionary history, however, and researchers suspected that additional factors, such as cultural preferences when picking a mate, have also pl played a role in shaping the nose. _____70_____. Studies of human adaptation are essential to our understanding of disease and yield insights into why certain conditions, such as skin cancer, are more common in certain populations.
The researchers said that it may be worth investigating whether the shape of the nose impacts ones risk of contracting breathing diseases when living in a climate that is different from one's ancestors.

【答案】67. D 68. C 69. A 70. F
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要分析了是什么影响了我们的鼻子的样子。
【67题详解】
根据上文“In a study published this week in the journal PLOS Genetics, researchers from the Pennsylvania State University found that human noses may have been shaped, in part, by a long process of adaptation to local climate conditions.(在本周发表于《公共科学图书馆·遗传学》杂志的一项研究中，来自宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究人员发现，人类鼻子的形状，在一定程度上可能是长期适应当地气候条件的结果)”可知，接下来D选项“大体上来说，在温暖潮湿的气候下宽鼻子比较常见，而寒冷干燥的气候下窄鼻子比较常见”与上文意思连贯，解释了鼻子和气候的一般关系。故选D。
【68题详解】
根据下文“which was probably more essential to have this trait in cold and dry climates, it said.(它宣称有了这个特征可能对寒冷和干燥的天气来说更加的基础和重要)”可知，上文要提出来是什么特征。C选项“窄的鼻孔似乎改变了空气的流动，这样，鼻子就可以更有效地加湿和温暖流过的空气”与下文意思一致。故选C。
【69题详解】
根据上文“People with narrower nostrils probably had better and had more offspring than people with wider nostrils, in colder climates.(有更窄鼻孔的人比宽鼻子的人在更冷的气候条件下可能会有更好的效果)”可知，接下来就可以说这样会导致的结果。A选项“这就导致远离赤道生活的那些人的鼻子的宽度渐渐的缩小了”和上文意思一致。故选A。
【70题详解】
根据下文“Studies of human adaptation are essential to our understanding of disease and yield insights into why certain conditions, such as skin cancer, are more common in certain populations.(对人类适应性的研究对我们理解疾病至关重要，也有助于我们理解为什么某些疾病（如皮肤癌）在某些人群中更为常见)”可知，这里要提鼻子的样子和疾病的关系。F选项“在鼻子样子的进化和气候适应之间的关系的调查也许还有医学的影响”的意思与下文一致。故选F。
IV. Summary Writing (10分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Birdsong and Mental Health
People often turn to nature as a healthy way to cope with stress. People also consider it relaxing to listen to audio recordings of running water, waves or singing birds. Sound can have an extensive effect on our sense of well-being. Accordingly, scientists have long sought to understand the effects of certain sounds on people.
In a recent study, scientists evaluated the effect that hearing birdsong had on hikers. They monitored a number of hiking trails in a public park with audio recording devices. This helped them create a bird count in the area. They then surveyed visitors to those trails about their impression of bird diversity. They also asked for a report on the visitors' sense of well-being.
The next part of the study took place on the same trails. But the scientists used hidden speakers to play recordings of birds singing. That gave the impression that there were more birds in the area. They then surveyed visitors who had heard the recordings.
The results of the study indicated that there was a direct relationship between hearing birdsong and an increased sense of well-being. This result builds on prior investigations into the effects of listening to recordings of natural sounds on people. Those studies have shown that recordings of natural sounds can help with stress relief and the ability to focus. However, the reason behind the benefit is not totally clear.
Perhaps listening to birdsong is connected to a sense of calm. After all, we encounter birdsong in the peaceful part of the morning or following a storm. Or it might relate to a sense of safety projected by singing birds. They sing when there are no predators nearby. Whatever the reason, listening to birdsong can improve our mental health.
The authors of the hiking study had an interesting observation. It was the perception of being in nature with a diversity of singing birds that helped. Therefore, they suggested that park managers encourage visitors to enjoy nature quietly as that provided the greatest benefit.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
Version 1
Scientists lately conducted a study on the effect of birdsong on mental health. They asked people how they felt after hearing birds singing. They concluded that hearing birdsong could improve mental health, probably because birdsong leads to a sense of calm and safety. Anyway, scientists suggested people get closer to nature for it is beneficial to our sense of well-being.

Version 2
A study has found that hearing birdsong improves people's sense of well-being after surveying people exposed to recordings of birds' singing. The reasons may be that listening to birds singing helps us feel calm or safe. Anyway, the suggestion is that we should enjoy nature quietly for the sake of mental health.
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说鸟鸣可以提升人的幸福感。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①In a recent study, scientists evaluated the effect that hearing birdsong had on hikers.
②The results of the study indicated that there was a direct relationship between hearing birdsong and an increased sense of well-being.
③Perhaps listening to birdsong is connected to a sense of calm.
④Or it might relate to a sense of safety projected by singing birds.
⑤Therefore, they suggested that park managers encourage visitors to enjoy nature quietly as that provided the greatest benefit.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
A study has found that hearing birdsong improves people's sense of well-being after surveying people exposed to recordings of birds’ singing.
The reasons may be that listening to birds singing helps us feel calm or safe.
Anyway, the suggestion is that we should enjoy nature quietly for the sake of mental health.

V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 离开实验室前务必关闭所有设备的电源。(sure)
【答案】Make sure that all the equipment is powered off before you leave the lab.
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。表示“务必，确保”用短语make sure，其后可跟宾语从句。表示“所有的设备”用all the equipment；表示“关闭”用power off；名词equipment与短语power off为动宾关系，所有power off要用被动；表示“离开实验室前”用before you leave the lab。结合句意，故翻译为：Make sure that all the equipment is powered off before you leave the lab.
2. 环保主义者们为了这片森林免遭人类活动的破坏煞费苦心。（take）
【答案】Environmentalists have taken great pains to protect the forest from human activity.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。结合句意表示“环保主义者”应用复数名词environmentalist，作主语；表示“煞费苦心”短语为take great pain to do sth.，此处应用现在完成时；表示“免遭……”短语为protect sth. from；表示“人类活动”短语为human activity。故翻译为Environmentalists have taken great pains to protect the forest from human activity.
3. 在这个人迹罕至的被叫做现代桃花源的古老村落待的时间越长，他们就越着迷于当地人独特的生活方式。(fascinate)
【答案】The longer they have stayed in the less visited ancient village, nicknamed/called “the modern- day Land of Peach Blossom, the more fascinated they have felt by/with the unique lifestyle of the locals.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。“村落”village有多个定语修饰，“游客罕至的古老的”可译为the less visited ancient，作前置定语；“被叫做现代桃花源的”可译为nicknamed/called “the modern- day Land of Peach Blossom，用非谓语动词作后置定语；“当地人独特的生活方式”可译为the unique lifestyle of the locals；本句用到“the+比较级，the+比较级”（越……，越……）句式，“待的时间越长，越着迷……”可译为the longer they have stayed......, the more fascinated they have felt ......；由句意可知本句指过去的动作或状态持续到现在，并对现在造成了影响，因而用现在完成时，故本句可译为The longer they have stayed in the less visited ancient village, nicknamed/called “the modern- day Land of Peach Blossom, the more fascinated they have felt by/with the unique lifestyle of the locals.
4. 在很多地区，旅游业对环境的影响简直触目惊心，但人们往往因为旅游业带来的经济利益而对此置若罔闻。( blind )
【答案】In many places, the impact of tourism on the environment is really shocking, but people usually turn a blind eye to it just because of the economic benefits tourism brings about.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。turn a blind eye to(对…… )视而不见；because of 因为；bring about带来。句中先行词为benefits，在定语从句中作bring about的宾语，所以用关系代词which或that引导，也可以省略。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为In many places, the impact of tourism on the environment is really shocking, but people usually turn a blind eye to it just because of the economic benefits tourism brings about.

VI. Guided Writing
Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你校准备为高三学生开展一次普及上海历史知识的活动，现有两个方案征求大家意见:
1.学校组织学生集体驱车前往上海市历史博物馆(Shanghai History Museum)，现场参观并聆听专业讲解员(professional museum guide)介绍上海历史，共计五小时；
2.学校邀请某知名大学历史教授到校以“上海历史”为主题做讲座，共计两小时。
请你以李华的名义向王校长写一封信，在信中谈谈你更偏向哪个方案，并说明理由。

【参考答案】
Dear Mr. Wang,
I’m Li Hua, president of the student union. I’m writing to express my opinion on the coming activity, which is held to popularize Shanghai’s history. There are mainly two plans under discussion. One of them is to gather together and drive to Shanghai History Museum. Following the visit, we will listen to the professional museum guide conducted by the volunteers, through which we can have a better understanding on Shanghai’s history. We are going to spend five hours in the museum. Another plan is to invite a famous professor majoring in history to give a lecture, lasting for two hours.
As far as I’m concerned, the first plan is the best one. It provides us with an opportunity to go to the outside world and get a more intuitive visual experience in Shanghai’s history. Compared with having a lecture, I believe that the visit to the museum can leave us a better expression. （这部分内容还可以进一步拓展下....）
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua

听力答案及文字稿
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What was the man’s reaction to the news?
A. Shocked. B. Sad. C. Anxious. D. Annoyed.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Marcia and Harold are getting divorced
M: I can’t believe it. I always thought they were so well suited to each other.
Q: What was the man’s reaction to the news?
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How much does the man have to pay for a double room?
A. $15. B. $18. C. $30. D. $33.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: We want to book a room. How much does the room cost?
W: A single room is $18 per night, and a double room, $15 for one bed.
Q: How much does the man have to pay for a double room?
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What did the man do?
A. He had his son buy the soy sauce.
B. He used up the soy sauce.
C. He had the supper fixed.
D. He went and got the soy sauce.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: We are out of soy sauce for the supper. Can you please go and buy some?
M: I sent our son to buy some half an hour ago. He will be here anytime soon.
Q: What did the man do?
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
A. He ordered roast beef.
B. He would like some cold drinks.
C. He worked at the beach.
D. He seldom eats roast beef.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: What would you like for supper, Jack? Would you like roast beef?
M: Oh, no. I don’t feel like it. I spent the whole day at the beach, so all I want now is something icy or frozen.
Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do we learn from the conversation?
A. The kids are not friendly to Teresa.
B. The kids are getting along well with Teresa.
C. The kids need a person to take care of.
D. Teresa’s English is very good.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: How are the kids? Are they still giving Teresa a hard time?
W: Yeah, they’ve been making fun of her English.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What’s the most probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Doctor and patient. B. Teacher and student.
C. Magician and audience. D. Driver and passenger.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Do you have some magic tablets? I have an exam to pass tomorrow.
M: In such an emergency, you need injections.
Q: What’s the most probable relationship between the two speakers?
7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman mean?
A. He was a firefighter.
B. He was excited to get the medal.
C. He was responsible for the fire.
D. He was very brave.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】M: Hans was awarded a medal for rescuing a baby from a burning apartment.
W: I really admire his courage.
Q: What does the woman mean?
8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What can we learn from the conversation?
A. They are not used to living in hot places.
B. They will get away from the hot days.
C. They will not be back until it gets cold.
D. They are reluctant to go on holiday.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: They say it’s going to be very hot tomorrow, and the hot days will last till the next week.
M: Oh, we are so lucky. We’re having a holiday in Sydney for a whole week.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Advertise for a job. B. Find another job through ads.
C. Keep the news a secret from his wife. D. Serve at the coffee shop.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: I got fired and I didn’t tell my wife. I spent the past three days at the coffee shop next to your office.
W: That’s not the way to solve the problem. Did you look in the classified ads column?
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?
A. She’s excited about her new job.
B. She finds the office is too big for her.
C. She thinks the work load unbearable.
D. She’s not so excited about her new position.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】M: I heard you got promoted to manager. You must feel on top of the world.
W: Not really. The new office is big but the work load has doubled.
Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?

11. What is NOT included in the written reports?
A. Students’ strength. B. Students’ weakness.
C. Teachers’ suggestions. D. Students’ grades.
12. Why do some parents complain about the written reports?
A. Because they cannot boast about their children.
B. Because reports have less information.
C. Because it is a strange way to evaluate performance.
D. Because others don’t consider it to be formal.
13. What Wewers’ attitude towards the written reports?
A. Objective. B. Supportive. C. Neutral. D. Indifferent.
【答案】11. D 12. A 13. B
【解析】
【原文】At most American colleges, teachers give students grades that evaluate their performance in class. The grades range from A to F—with A the highest and F signaling failure. But some colleges do not use grades. Instead, teachers write reports on what the students did well and what they did not do well. The reports also include suggestions on how students can do better. Students and teachers say the written reports provide much more information than letter grades on how students are doing. But some students admit that their parents complain they cannot brag to family and friends that their child is an “A student”. Jessica Wewers, 21, is an early education major at Alverno College in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Alverno is a small Catholic college serving female students. Wewers said when she returns to her home in Illinois, some friends tell her they think it is strange she does not receive letter grades. But Wewers likes the detailed information her teachers provide. It has already helped her prepare teaching plans simple enough for young children to understand. “I was asking a little too much of younger children," Wewers said. Her classmate, Angelina Nuno, transferred from a large state college, where she struggled with her writing. Detailed suggestions from her Alverno teachers helped her write clearly. Soon, Nuno expects to begin tutoring fellow students to help with their writing problems.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

14. Why did NASA provide money for the experiment?
A. To study the effect of isolation on humans.
B. To figure out the conditions of the volcano.
C. To help choose the right persons for a trip to Mars.
D. To learn about human mental and emotional problems.
15. What special quality are the subjects NOT supposed to have during the experiment?
A. Eating diet food. B. Enduring isolation.
C. Being cooperative. D. Coping with pressure.
16. What are the crew-members required to do during the experiment?
A. To set up their habitat. B. To make weather maps.
C. To study the rocky surface. D. To communicate every 20 minutes.
【答案】14. C 15. A 16. C
【解析】
【原文】Research subjects who have lived with limited human contact since January recently completed an experiment.
The six, four men and two women, lived near the top of a volcano on the Pacific island of Hawaii. They agreed to stay in a small, restricted area as part of a study to learn about the mental and emotional effects of a long term space mission.
The American space agency NASA provided money for the experiment. Information gathered in the study will help NASA choose individuals and groups with the right qualities for a trip to Mars.
Individuals who are able to deal with long-term space travel need to have special qualities. They need to be able to deal well with isolation, pressure and danger for up to three years on a trip that would take them far from Earth.
During the experiment, the subjects wore space suits like those worn by astronauts and traveled in teams whenever leaving their living structure.
The kinds of foods available to the research subjects were limited. They ate mostly freeze-dried or canned food during the experiment.
All communications between the "crew members" and outsiders were given a 20-minute delay, increasing the sense of isolation. Twenty minutes is the time it takes a radio signal to travel from Mars to Earth.
The crew-members were required to carry out studies of the rocky surface, make maps and care for their habitat. The living space had a laboratory, cooking area and bedrooms with little room for anything else.
After the experiment was finished, food was the first thing on the mind of the six astronauts. They gladly ate a feast of tropical fruit.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

17. How’s the two speakers relationship after they had an argument?
A. Friendly. B. Unfriendly. C. Uninterested. D. Respectful.
18. Why must we be careful with our gestures?
A. To avoid offending people. B. To attract attention.
C. To avoid confusing people. D. To make friends easily.
19. In which country does shaking head mean "yes"?
A. Greece. B. India. C. Bulgaria. D. Britain.
20. Which of the following is true according to the conversation?
A. Waving arms around a lot when arguing is very British.
B. Giving a guest from the Middle East a thumb-up is polite.
C. There’s just one meaning when India people shake their heads.
D. Being careful with gestures is a must when you meet people from different cultures.
【答案】17. A 18. A 19. C 20. D
【解析】
【原文】M: So, we had an argument just several days ago.
W: We did. But no hard feelings?
M: None. We often fall out over silly things…
W: ... Like who’s going to introduce the show …
M: ... Or who’s going to choose the quiz question.
W: But we understand each other. That’s the important thing, isn’t it? Do you know that you wave your arms around a lot when you’re arguing?
M: No I didn’t know I did that.
W: That isn’t very British.
M: I know. Using gestures — or movements you make with your hands or your head to express what you are thinking or feeling — is common in some countries but not in others. Then there are some movements — like shaking your head — which mostly means "no" but in some countries can mean the opposite.
W: That’s right. There are plenty of gestures you need to be careful with when you’re meeting and greeting people from a culture that’s different to your own — to avoid offending people.
M: Any example?
W: For example, our everyday use of the thumbs-up signal might offend people from the Middle East. Do you know in which country shaking your head means "yes"?
M: No idea — I’ll guess Greece. I do know that in India people shake their heads to mean lots of different things.
W: That’s the wrong answer, I’m afraid. The right answer is Bulgaria. In some Southeastern European areas such as Bulgaria and southern Albania, shaking your head is used to indicate “yes”. In those regions, nodding in fact means “no” as well.
M: Is that true?
W: Yes, it is. I hope you remember that the next time you meet somebody from Southeastern Europe.