板块4 第2讲 介词-2022高考英语一轮复习【名师导航】配套Word教参(外研版·老教材老高考)

第2讲　介词

[前沿最新动态]

考点一　常考介词的用法

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2020·成都摸底)Students at a primary school in Hangzhou had their first class on March 1st on movable type.

2．(2020·浙江省名校新高考研究联盟联考)Pemberton decided to sell it as a drink rather than a medicine.

Ⅱ.单句改错

3．(2020·衡水中学高三第一次联考)He thanked for me again and again. I smiled and said it was nothing.               删除for

4．(2020·湛江市调研)In the afternoon, sometimes I went swimming on the river.               on→in

5．(2020·南充市统考)I had practiced for it many times, but I didn't think I had done a very good job.               删除 for

6．(2020·合肥调研)After that，we went to do some housework for the senior people who lived their own.               lived后加on

1．表示时间的介词

Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.

简很着急，因为去机场的火车半小时后出发。

In Britain，it's not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.

在英国，早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。

2．表示方位的介词

The dog jumped over some bushes and saw the little scream.

狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪。

The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.

阳光透过天窗，照亮了整个房间。

3．表示方式的介词

表示使用的工具、手段、材料时，with，by，in，on都意为“用”。with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官；by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具；in指使用某种语言、笔墨等；on 多用于固定词组中。

by train乘火车；on the radio通过收音机；on TV通过电视；with a pencil用铅笔

4．表示“除……之外”的介词(短语)

Apart from good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.

除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。

5．表示原因的介词(短语)

for，because of，due to，thanks to，owing to，on account of，as a result of

The open­air celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.

因为天气不好，这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。

Owing to bad weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.

由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。

[易错提醒]　上述短语都可作状语，due to还可作表语。thanks to 表示“多亏，幸亏”，多位于句首。

6．其他常考的介词

She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.

她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。

The exercise was beyond the abilities of most of the class.

这个练习超出了班里大多数学生的能力。

考点二　常考介词短语及搭配

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2020·南充市统考)I got a place next to the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.

2．(2020·哈尔滨第三中学第一次验收)Start with single syllables and do that a lot and then syllable pairs.

3．(2020·河北五个一名校联盟第二次联考)Do you want to keep up with the latest research and discoveries in science?

Ⅱ.单句改错

4．(2020·宜宾市第一次诊断)In my surprise, he just stared at me, looking puzzled.                In→To

5．(2020·郑州第三次质量预测)He would give the flowers to his mother with person.               with→in

高考中的语法填空和短文改错将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查，介词与名词、形容词与介词、动词与介词形式的搭配是高考考查的难点。常考介词短语及固定搭配有：

1．与名词的搭配

at a time每次，一次　　　at a loss 困惑，不知所措

at first sight乍一看　　  at table在吃饭

 by mistake错误地　　  by the way顺便说

in charge主管，看管　　  in return作为回报

in turn依次；转而　　  in shape健康状况良好

in trouble 处于困境中　　  on purpose故意地

on holiday在度假　　  in time及时，迟早

on time准时　　  on average 平均

in honour of为向……表示敬意　　 

in place of代替

in memory of为了纪念……　　 

in addition to 除了

by hand 手工　　  on the contrary与此相反

on account of 由于　　  on behalf of 代表

approach to ……的方法　　  visit to 到……的访问

for the sake of为了　　  by means of 借助

the reason for ……的原因　　  lack of 缺乏……

by accident/chance 偶然

beyond one's reach够不着

in advance在前头，事先，预先

in the long run从长远来看

beyond description 无法形容

out of breath/balance上气不接下气/失去平衡

to one's surprise/astonishment令某人惊奇/吃惊的是

under construction/consideration在建设/考虑

at the cost of 以……为代价

in support/favor of支持，支援

in terms/view of鉴于，根据

for the purpose of 为了……目的

for the benefit of为了……的利益

on the way to在去……的路上

on the basis of 以……为基础

2．与动词的搭配

answer for 对……负责　apply for申请

call at 拜访(地点)　　  refer to 谈到；涉及；查阅

result from 由于　　  suffer from遭受

approve of赞成　　  complain of 抱怨

consist of 由……组成　　  dream of 梦到

think of 想起；考虑到　　  call on 拜访(某人)

depend/rely on 依靠　　  result in/lead to导致

belong to 属于　　  date from/back to 追溯到

keep/prevent/stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做……

protect...from 保护……不受伤害

succeed in 在……方面成功

3．与形容词的搭配

be aware of 意识到　　be proud of 以……为荣

be tired of厌倦

be angry with sb.对……生气

be eager for 渴望　　be absent from 缺席

be ashamed of对……感到羞耻

be sure of 对……有信心；确信

be familiar with sth.熟悉……

be familiar to sb.为……所熟悉

be patient with 对……有耐心

be pleased/satisfied with 对……满意

be popular with sb.受……欢迎

be strict with sb.对……严格

 be addicted to 对……上瘾；沉溺于

be available to 对……可用；可供……使用

be beneficial to 对……有益处

be devoted to 致力于，献身于

be similar to 与……相似

be confident in 对……有信心

be anxious about/for 忧虑，担心

be crazy about 热衷；着迷

be curious about 对……好奇

be particular about 挑剔

be suitable for/to适合于

4．其他搭配

far from 远非　　  once in a while 偶尔

up to 达到；由……决定　　  in spite of 尽管；虽然

after all 毕竟，终究

ahead of (时间，空间)在……前面；领先

5．易错的搭配

with the help of在……的帮助下

under the leadership of在……的领导下

the article in the newspaper报纸上的文章

a hole in the wall 墙上的洞

a bird in the tree树上的鸟

apples on the tree树上的苹果

tickets for the concert音乐会的票

in the direction of朝着……的方向

set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样

【技法点拨】

在语法填空中：

1．“是否宾语”作依据

介词必须要接宾语，宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词或what从句充当。若空格后是名词、代词或动名词且它们在句中不作主语和动词的宾语，则空格处要考虑填介词。

2．“四种方法”来确定所填介词

(1)根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系；

(2)根据语境含义结合介词用法；

(3)根据特殊的结构关系，如接复合宾语就只能用with或without；

(4)根据介词与动词等的搭配。

在短文改错中：

1．熟练掌握介词的基本用法，即介词后用名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或句子作宾语。做题时，观察句中是否有这一类词，以此确定所改词是否是介词；或句子中介词是否缺失或多余，以便添加或删除。

2．观察句中名词、动词、形容词等的前后的搭配，然后根据介词与它们的搭配来判断是否误用，还是多词或漏词，解题的关键是掌握一些固定搭配和固定短语。

3．检查副词前是否多加了介词。