2022年中考英语冲刺题型专项训练：动词填空（含答案）

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2022年中考英语冲刺题型专项训练：动词填空
〖小试牛刀】

(1)动词的时态
考点一 ______________________________
①—Sally loves chocolate．
—That (explain) why it’s hard for her to lose weight．
②France is a beautiful country and __________ (cover) an area of over 260,000 square miles．
③—Will the president attend the meeting?
—Well, that (depend)．He may not have the time．
④—Oh dear! My mobile phone has turned into a brick．It’s not working at all．
—Well, it (happen)．Take off the battery and put it back on later．
⑤We’ve all got both light and dark inside us. What ___________(matter) is the part we choose
act on. That’s who we really are.
explains; covers; depends; happens；matters

考点二 _____________________________
①Trust me．I (keep) it between you and me, I promise．Talk now．
②Do you really want to do this, my boy? Think twice! Or you (regret) it on day．
③The survey shows that few people believe robots (control) our planet one day．
will keep; will regret; will control

考点三 _____________________________
①I’m so sorry that I (not understand) you, but I do now．
②—Hi, Judy．Have you graduated from college?
—Yes, I _______ (study) in Nanjing University for four years．
③The world’s best Go player Ke Jie (lose) all the three games to Google’s AlphaGo last month．
④ You (promise) to take our boy to Disneyland last year．Don’t let him down again．
⑤—Can you pour me some tea, please, Jenny?
—Are you sure? I _____________(think) you preferred coffee.
⑥"I _____________(fail) over and over again in my life and there is why I succeed, " said Michael Jordan, a famous basketball player.
didn’t understand; studied; lost; promised; thought; failed

考点四 _____________________________
① —You look absent﹣minded． you (expect) someone?
—Yes．My e﹣friend is coming over．We’ve never seen each other before．
Are expecting
考点五 _____________________________
①—Why didn’t you answer my call?
—I (take) a shower．But I called you back as soon as I got out．
②Mary __________ (talk) on the phone, so I just nodded to her and went away．
③—You seemed busy when I walked past．Have you got a minute now, sir?
—Sure．I (write) a report．It’s done．So, what’s up?
④—How did you fall in love with my dad, Mum?
—He ______________(make) a speech when I first saw him. He was so handsome and got a
very attractive voice, you know, back then.
was taking; was talking; was writing; was making

考点六 _____________________________
①The officer promised they (keep) searching for the missing plane until it was found．
would keep

考点七 _____________________________
①—Is the little baby in this photo me, Dad?
—It is．And now you (grow) into a young man．Where does the time go, huh?
②The engineer _________ (try) every possible way, but still cannot get the computer started．
③How about going to the cinema tomorrow? We (not be) there for a while．
④The only way to do great work is to love what you do．If you (not find) it yet, keep looking．
have grown; has tried; haven’t been; haven’t found;

（2） 动词的语态
考点一 _____________________________
①Cleverness is a gift; kindness is a choice．Gifts are easy — they ________ (give) after all．Choices can be hard．
②These brightly colored bicycles can be seen everywhere．They __________ (lock) by the user after riding, and then unlocked by the next rider with a mobile phone．
③Stephen Hawking (consider) to be “the greatest scientist in history”, along with Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein．
are given; are locked; is considered
考点二 _____________________________
①As soon as he ____________ (offer) a well-paid job, he called his parents to tell them the good news．
was offered
考点三 _____________________________
①—It is said that a space station ________ (build) on the moon．
—How amazing! But it may take a long time, I guess．
② It’s said that 5G network _______________(bring) into use at the end of this year in Wu Xi.
will be built; will be brought

（3） 非谓语动词
考点一 _____________________________
①A big parade was held on Red Square (remember) the dead in World War II．
②When night came, they put up a tent ___________ (keep) warm．
③We shall work harder together to build a stronger, better China—a country that our children and grandchildren are proud (call) home．
④“How am I supposed (live) without you？” Jane said to Dad, tears in eyes．
⑤ _____________(realize) his lifelong dream, the young man went to the Hollywood by himself, with only a few dollars in his pocket.
to remember; to keep; to call; to live; To realize
考点二 _____________________________

①If you have any trouble (use) the website, just click on this icon for help．
②You can’t imagine what difficulty I had ___________ (express) myself clearly at the beginning．
③Cheer up! A mistake today stops you from (make) it again tomorrow．
④I’d like to give my thanks to Alice for (share) her exciting experiences in Africa．
using; expressing; making; sharing
考点三 _____________________________
① (compare) with the older model, the new robot costs less but lasts longer．
compared

〖考点分类】
动词填空专题
动词填空作为中考基础题的一个重点,占分8分,已经成为了历年来考生失分率普遍偏高的一种题型。动词填空的考查内容较多,形式多样,变化度高。因此许多学生在做题时会觉得困难,出现对自己所填答案犹豫或是不自信的情况。但是随着多年的考查,动词填空虽然依旧有变化,但是大体的考查方向已经趋于固定。下面我们就来看一看主要的考查方式有哪些？
动词填空的考查内容涉及7时态,1语态,非谓语动词还有就是固定搭配。考查内容相对较多。下面我们就来逐步分析这些考点以及他们所对应的几种考查形式
一．动词的时态
(1)一般现在时
一般现在时作为三大基础时态中的一种是历年来中考动词填空的必考点之一。我们首先来复习一下一般现在时的定义。
定义：一般现在时表示通常性．规律性．习惯性．真理性的状态或者动作(有时间规律发生的事件)的一种时间状态。
所有的时态,定义都为最重要的部分,很多动词填空题都是从时态的定义上突破的

考点一：表示真理性
例：The geography teacher said that nearly three quarters of the earth _______ (cover) with water．
解析：此处应该填 is covered。首先从句意上理解，地球四分之三的部分都被水覆盖，应该选用被动语态，而这句话描述的是一个真理，所以应该选用一般现在时

考点变形：真理性 论述事实
有这么一类题目,它并不表示真理性,但是在现阶段或者某个背景下它是一个事实,那我们在论述事实的时候,也用一般现在时。
例：Sally loves chocolate．That ________ (explain) why it’s hard for he to lose weight．
解析：这里应该填 explains。 由于喜欢吃巧克力，才导致了她很难瘦身，这是在论述一个事实，所以此处应该填一般现在时。

同步小练
1．It’s believed that pollution ________ (remain) one of the biggest problems for Chinese government．
2．Mr Sun told us that there __________ (be) no bone in the back of elephants’ feet．
3．No matter how nice this fruit _________ (smell), I prefer not to eat it．
4．When you laugh or smile, your body __________ (relax)．
5．As we know, regular exercise ___________ (bring) us health．
6．We all love Mr Hu．He is one of the teachers who ________ (treat) students as their children．
7．Secondary school in the USA __________ (cover) seven years, grade six to twelve．
remains; is; smells; relaxes; brings; treat; covers

(2)一般将来时
一般将来时作为三大基础时态中的一种是历年来中考动词填空的必考点之一。我们首先来复习一下一般将来时的定义。
定义：表示将来发生的一个动作或者存在的一种状态。
结构：will/be going to + 动词原型
常见时间状语：next, tomorrow．．．．．
考点一：表示将来发生的一个动作或存在的一种状态(定义考法)
例：Trust me．I _________ (keep) it between you and me． I promise．Talk now．
解析：根据句意理解，我们可以知道这时候句中的 I 还不知道他人要告诉他的事情或是秘密，I 需要知道了以后才能去保守秘密。那句中的 keep 这个动作还未发生，表示将来，所以在这里我们要用一般将来时。

同步小练
1．—Have you finished your homework, Lucy?
—Not yet, Mum．I ________ (do) it at once．
2．It is said that the new film The Croods __________ (show) in our village next Sunday．
3．Don’t worry about the rain．Father _________ (drive) us to school．
4．—Have you told Mike about the exciting result?
—Oh, no, I forgot about it．I ________ (phone) him immediately．
5．Who do you think __________ (win) the first prize in tomorrow’s competition?
6．There is a light rain, but none of the boys says they __________ (stop) playing football．
7．This afternoon group activities ____________ (organize) to help children develop team spirits．
8．It is a little difficult to guess the exact dates when iPad5 __________ (hit) the market．
will do; will be shown; will drive; will phone; will win; will stop; will be organized; will hit

主将从现专题
我们经常会发现在所做的动词填空题中有这么一类题,它们是由特定的连接词连接,一句话中会出现一般现在时,一般将来时两种时态。在动词填空中,它常常作为一个综合考查这两种时态的方式出现,我们称之为’’主将从现’’。
什么是’’主将从现’’？主将从现是指在状语从句中由连词引导的从句选用一般现在时,而主句用一般将来时的一种句式结构。我们最常见到的连词代表应为if,这里表示如果：
例：The number of deaths from heart disease _________ (reduce) if people eat more fruits and vegetables．
解析：这里应该填 will reduce, 我们可以看到由 if 引导的从句所用的时态为一般现在时，所以根据主将从现规则，主句应该用一般将来时，因此填will reduce

考点变型—主将从现的三种基本形式
通常的主将从现我们知道的时主句一般将来时,从句为一般现在时。其实在从句为一般现在时的情况下,从句可以由三种形式。下面我们来看一看这三种形式分别为什么？
主句 从句
一般将来时
祈使句 + if + 一般现在时
情态动词
可以看出主句无论用这三种时态的哪一种,从句都会使用一般现在时。很多情况下,出卷老师并不会使用一般将来时,而是用其他两种形式去混淆考生’’主将从现’’的概念。下面我们来看一道例题：
例：If you ________ (not be) careful enough when crossing the road, a car may hit you．
解析：此处应填 aren’t. 我们可以看到，这里的主句并未使用一般将来时，但是出现了 may 这个词。may 为情态动词，符合以上结构的第三种形式，因此在这里 if 引导的从句依旧用一般现在时，符合主将从现的结构。

考点变型—连词的变化
在上面的例题中,我们使用的都是if这个词,那么在实际的考试中,还有没有一些类似于if的词来满足主将从线的呢？我们来看一看下面的几道题。
1．Every time such a foolish mistake _________ (make), his father will get very angry．
2．The number of deaths from heart disease _________ (reduce) if people eat more fruits and vegetables．
3．The fashion show ___________ (hold) unless it rains next Sunday．
4．It won’t be long before your cousin __________ (come) to visit you．
总结：在主将从句的结构中,除了if还是有很多满足此结构的连词,主要有: _____________________等。
总结：在主将从句的结构中，除了 if 还是有很多满足此结构的连词，主要有: as soon as, unless, until, before, when, everytime, whenever, whatever 等。

考点变型—分句考法
随着’’主将从现’’结构的出现频率越来越高,相对应的对于时态的判断就下降了。而出卷人为了保证考题的难度,将含有’’主将从现’’结构的句子进行了形式上的变化,这种变化我们称为’’分句考法’’。下面我们来看一道例题
例：—Will you ever leave her alone? —Only if she ______(ask) me to．
解析：此处应该填 asks. 这里其实就是将主将从先的结构分为了两句。这两句其实可以合并为一句，I will leave her alone only if she asks me to.
所谓’’分句’’,就是将原本处于一句话中的的主从句分成两个独立的句子(通常是由两个人的对话来体现的),此时的两个单句由于没有放在一起,很难会想到他们之间的联系性,从而可能就会做出错误的判断。其实应对这种题型的方法十分简单,将前后的对话进行合并,再进行判断即可。

同步小练
1．If each of the fans who are the first twenty to arrive ___________ (give) a ticket, the film will be famous in a few days．
2．He told us the boats would not float in the direction of wind if they __________ (control)．
3．If it rains tomorrow, the football match ____________ (cancel)．
4．Only if you double—click on the icon, the web page ___________ (appear) on the screen．
5．If the old man _________ (find) tonight, please call the police immediately．
6．More young men _________ (require) in this factory if it develops．
7．—Excuse me, can I use this computer?
—Not until it _________ (repair) next week．
8．The flowers you are looking forward to ___________ (sell) if you don’t order them in time．
is given; were controlled; will be cancelled; will appear; are found; will be required; is repaired; will be sold

(3)一般过去时
一般过去时作为三大基础时态中的一种是历年来中考动词填空的必考点之一。而且主要是考查定义为主,所以我们首先来复习一下一般过去时的定义。
定义：过去发生的一个动作或存在的一种状态,并且现在很有可能已经发生了改变
结构：sb did sth．
常见时间状语：ago, last, yesterday, in the past．．．．．

考点一：过去发生的一个动作或存在的一种状态,并且现在很有可能已经发生了改变。(定义考法)
例：I’m so sorry that I ________ (not understand) you, but I do now．
解析：这里应该填 didn’t understand。从 I do now 可以看出我现在理解了，但是过去没有理解，所以说“没有理解”这个动作发生在过去，根据定义我们用一般过去时。

同步小练
1．—Why not look at page 20 of your English book?
—Ah, here the key is! I wonder why I ________ (not think) of this．
2．—Long time no see! Where have you all been?
—Oh, my parents and I _________ (be) in Nanjing last month．
3．—Why _____ he ________ (not go) jogging with us today?
—Because he was too tired．
4．Not only his parents but he __________ (prefer) to watch TV to spend their spare time when they lived in the country．
5．My father is quite a good swimmer．He often _________ (swim) when he was young．
6．The conclusion the secretary in her thirties had come up with _________ (impress) me most．
7．In ancient times, people _________ (use) salt to help them keep fish or meat for a long time．
8．—I _________ (ring) you at about ten, but there was no reply．
—Oh, that was probably when I was having a lesson．
didn’t think; were; didn’t go; preferred; swam; impressed; used; rang

(4)现在进行时
现在进行时作为历年来的高频考点,考查形式相较于其他时态还是比较固定的,主要考查的方式还是机遇对于定义的理解。我们先来复习一下现在进行时的定义。
定义：表示正在发生的动作或者时现阶段一直在发生的动作。
结构：is/am/are doing sth．
常见时间状语：now, at present, at the moment, these days, all the time．．．．．

考点一 表示正在进行的一个动作
例：Please stop talking, guys．I can’t hear what the youth worker __________ (explain)．
解析：此处应填 is explaining。根据句意，可以知道说话人让其余人安静，因为他听不到这个青年工作者正在说什么了。表示的是一个正在进行的动作，因此应该用现在进行时。

考点二 表示现阶段一直在发生的一个动作
例：Actually, your dress is out of date because the fashion ___________ (change) all the time．
解析：此处应该填 is changing。根据句意我们可知，说话人想要表达的意思是时尚一直在改变，那边时尚领域的变化一直在发生，所以在这儿我们要用现在进行时。

同步小练
1．—I can’t believe you’ve sold me such a terrible camera, I want my money back．．．．
—I __________ (listen), madam．Can you just slow down and tell me what’s wrong．
2．It is said that the police _________ (try) their best to catch the robbers these days．
3．With the development of WeChat, more and more people ___________ (get) used to WeChat Payment．
4．—Jane, I can’t find Mike in the playground．
—Oh．He _________ (play) the piano in the music room．
5．—Have you seen Mr．Smith, the tall man?
—Yes, he _________ (clean) his car over there．This way, please．
6．—May I see your ticket, please? I think you __________ (sit) in my seat．
—Oh, sorry．My seat is upstairs．
7．Peter is busy these days．I suppose he __________ (work) hard for his coming exam, right?
8．The police ___________ (search) the whole city for the missing boy at the moment．
am listening; are trying; are getting; is playing; is cleaning; are sitting; is working; are searching

(5)过去进行时
过去进行时也是中考动词填空中的一大必考点,主要的考查学生对于语境, when 和 while 用法的理解及掌握。
定义：过去正在发生的一个动作,或者过去的某一阶段一直在发生的动作。
结构：was/were doing sth．
常见时间状语：at that moment, at that time, when, while

考点一：过去正在发生的一个动作,或者过去的某一阶段一直在发生的动作。(定义考法)
例：I remember his brother _____ always _______ (ask) questions in class when he was at the primary school．
解析：这里应该填 was asking。句中的 when he was at the primary school 表示过去的一段时间，而always 反映出了过去一直在发生的动作，所以根据定义，应填过去进行时

考点二：when与while的用法
when与while的考法,主要体现在when与while连接的主从句对于一般过去时与过去进行时的选择。
While：while考法相对单一,它的后面(从句)都跟过去进行时态,表示’’但是’’的这种情况除外。而主句中的时态,根据动词进行判断,动词为延续性动词,就用过去进行时,瞬间性动词就用一般过去时。
记忆口诀：主长从长,主短从长,一过短,过进长。
When；when的考法相对多样,但是我们只要抓住主从句的动词就可以判断处正确的时态。在过去进行时对于when的考法中,我们去观察主从句的动词,如果为延续性．持续性动词,我们就要使用一般过去时,如果为瞬间性,短暂性动词,我们就使用过去进行时。
记忆口诀：主长从短,主短从长,一过短,过进长。
下面我们来看几道例题
例1：My brother fell while he __________ (ride) his bike and hurt himself．
解析：根据while 的用法我们可知其引导的从句使用的是过去进行时，此处应该填 was riding。
例2：I found a wallet lying in the corner when I __________ (sweep) the floor yesterday．
解析：根据when 的用法，我们先对主从句的动词进行判断，主句的动词为 find，意为找到，是一个短暂性的动词，使用的时态也是一般过去时，而从句中的动词 sweep，意为扫地，为持续性动词，因此这里的 sweep 应该用过去进行时，此处填was sweeping。此处符合：主长从短，一过短，过进长
例3：When the teacher came in, all the students __________ (chat) with each other．
解析：根据 when 的用法，我们先对主从句的动词进行判断，从句的动词为 come，意为来，是一个短暂性的动词，使用的时态也是一般过去时，而主句中的动词 chat，意为聊天，为持续性动词，因此这里的 chat 应该用过去进行时，此处填 was chatting。此处符合：主长从短，一过短，过进长

考点三：’’一心不能二用’’
在众多考查过去进行时的动词填空中我们还会发现一类题目。它们通常是一个对话或者是一个自述,表明对于过去的一件事情未完成而表示遗憾或抱歉,并解释因为他们那时正好在做另外一件事情。根据这样的语境,我们可以判断出对应的时态。而这样的考法我们就称之为’’一心不能二用’’。下面我们来看一道例题
例：I’m sorry that I didn’t answer your phone．I _________ (listen) to music and didn’t hear the ring．
解析：根据句意，我们可以发现说话人对于没有接电话表示抱歉，因为他那时正在做别的事情——听音乐，导致他没有听到铃声，无法接听电话。所以此处应填 was listening。

同步小练
1．When the teacher came in, I _________ (complain) about too much homework．
2．The twins _________ (quarrel) at this time yesterday．Nobody knew when they stopped．
3．I found he ___________ (explain) the problem to his students when I walked into his office．
4．While I was watching a football match on TV, my twin brother ____________ (pack) for the next day’s trip to Qingdao．
5．The accident was so bad that all the doctors but one ________ (operate) on the patients in danger at that time．
6．—I nearly hit a person on my way home last night．
—I am afraid of you _________ (drive) too fast．Be careful next time．
7．This morning the Greens _________ (clean) the house, but I am not sure if they have completed．
8．While they ___________ (discuss) how to prevent accidents, an accident happened．
was complaining; were quarreling; was explaining; was packing; were operating; were driving; were cleaning; were discussing

(6)现在完成时
现在完成时向来时所有考查的时态中最难掌握的。因为它牵涉到了过去与现在两个时间节点,考生很容易就与其他的时态进行混淆,尤其是一般过去时。
考生应注意的是,遇到这类型的题目,一定要牢牢抓住现在完成时的定义去解题。
定义：过去发生的时间对现在造成影响。
过去发生的时间持续到现在,并很有可能持续下去,
结构：have/has done
时间状语：already, yet, since+时间点, for+时间段, so far, up to now, in the past/last+一段时间, recently
在现在完成时的考题中,有一部分题目相对简单,我们可以直接根据所给的时间状语去进行解题。
考点一：时间状语
例：She wonders whether he _________ (accept) the plan or refused it so far．

解析：so far 是现在完成时的时间状语，所以可以直接判断出此句用现在完成时。应填 has accepted。
大多数情况下,考试的题目还是需要从定义入手。

考点二：过去发生的事情对现在造成影响(定义考法)
例：The girl sitting next to me on the plane is nervous for she _____ never ________ (fly) before．
解析：这里有两个时间点，根据句意，现在坐在我身边的女孩她非常紧张，因为她之前从来没有坐过飞机。因为以前从未坐过飞机导致现在飞行时的紧张，过去的事情对现在造成影响。所以这里应该填 has flown。

考点三：过去发生的事情持续到现在并且很有可能继续持续下去(定义考法)
例：—Is the little baby in this photo me, Dad?
—It is．And now you _________ (grown) into a young man．Where does time go, huh?
解析：根据句意可知，全句通过对话表达了时间流逝，从小婴儿成长为一个青年。这里表示了动作的持续，从过去到现在一直在成长着，并且会继续成长下去。过去的事情持续到现在并且很有可能继续持续下去，所以此句应该用现在完成时，此处应填 has flown。

同步小练
1．—Is everybody here?
—No, sir．Jim _________ (not arrive) yet．He is still on the way．
2．—The newspaper says all the museum will be open soon．Do you know that?
—Yes．But the local government ____________ (not confirm) yet．Let’s wait and see．．．
3．—I can’t find the new road on my mobile phone．Are you sure you’ve got the name right?
—Yes．But _______ you ________ (download) the latest map?
4．A large number of people __________ (reply) to what the cruel murderer did since the news was covered on TV．
5．She wonders whether he _________ (accept) the plan or refused it so far．
6．“So Young”, a new movie directed by Zhao Wei, _________ (earn) about 600 million yuan in the last few years．
7．They _________ (send) a series of pre-recorded tapes to the language laboratory in the past 2 days．
8．Sam, it’s the third time that you __________ (forget) to bring your Math book．
hasn’t arrived; hasn’t confirmed; have downloaded; have replied; has accepted; has earned; have sent; have forget

(7)过去将来时
在中考英语中,过去将来时全部都是与宾语从句结合来考的。那么首先我们就先来熟悉一下宾语从句中时态的考点有哪些。
宾语从句：如果主句为一般现在时,从句根据句意判断时态。
如果主句为一般过去时,从句必须要用过去的时态。
不管主句时什么时态,从句如果表示的是真理,只用一般现在时。
根据宾语从句的时态应用,我们不难发现过去将来时就是在宾语从句主句为一般过去时,而从句针对于主句表示将来时态时进行使用。这也契合了本身的时态定义。
定义：从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态。注意是出发点是过去,即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态
结构：would do sth．

考点一：与宾语从句的结合
例1：We weren’t sure what time the workers _________ (repair) the bridge next month．
解析：这里 We weren’t sure 是主句, 时态为一般过去时，而根据宾语从句的时态，从句也要用过去的时态。从句中有 next month 表将来，所以这里使用过去将来时，应该填would repair

需要注意的是,过去将来时的时态只是参照宾语从句中主句中动作发生的时间点进行判断的,与其他句子的时态没有任何关系,切勿被迷惑。

例2：Peter said that he _________ (return) home before 6 o’clock, but he didn’t．
解析：这里全句的意思是指皮特说他会在 6 点之前回家，但是他没有。这里有的考生可能觉得这一系列动作都发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，但是我们是以主句的时态来做参考的，主句的 said 表示做出承诺，而那时，从句 return 这个动作还未发生，相对于 said 是一个将来的动作，所以这里要使用过去将来时，这里应该填 would return

同步小练
1．The officer promised they _________ (keep) searching for the missing plane until it was found．
2．—I have already decided not to study abroad．
—Really? I thought you _________ (give) up the chance forever．
3．I was told that some students in Grade Seven and Eight _________ (take) part in an English camp in Australia next month．
4．He was very sure that sooner or later he ________ (succeed) passing the driving test．
5．She promised us that she __________ (remind) him of the event at the proper time, but actually she didn’t．
6．He said the next time he came here, he ________ (stay) for a longer period of time．
7．He said he _________ (try) his best to reach the top of the mountain, but he gave up at last．
8．The local government promised that you _________ (stop) farmers from taking more land．
would keep; would give; would take; would succeed; would remind; would stay; would try; would stop

二．被动语态
被动语态是历年来中考动词填空的难点之一。主要原因时考生对于句中主语的判断不准,对于全句所表达的含义一知半解。
从历年的中考真题来看,被动语态最有可能与一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时这三大基础时态进行结合。在做被动语态的题目时,最主要的是要找出主语,通读全句,理解句意。下面我们来看一道例题

考点一：找主语,理解全句含义
例：The final result can __________ (find) on our website by the end of this week．
解析：这里的主语是 result，指结果。根据句意，结果肯定是被发现，被找到，所以这里要用被动语态， 应该填 be found。

许多情况下,考生在解题时,会默认由物做主语的句子就应该使用被动语态,而只要人做主语,就不考虑被动语态,事实是否是这样呢？我们来看下面这道例题
例：Mo Yan, a Chinese writer _________ (honor) withe the Nobel Prize last year．
解析：根据句意，莫言只要可能时被授予诺贝尔文学奖，他是不可能主动去授予或是颁发这个奖的。所以这里要使用被动语态，而 last year 表示过去，这里要用一般过去时的被动语态，此处应填 was honored
总结：由此看出,被动语态的使用与主语的性质没有太大关联。不管是人做主语,还是物做主语,关键还是要通读全句,理解全句含义,方可进行判断。

考点二 通常不用做被动语态的情况
在动词填空题中,经常有这么一类动词或动词短语专门为了让考生混淆被动与主动语态而出现。这类词的迷惑度较高,下面我们就来总结一下。

1．连系动词没有被动语态
例1：This piece of music _________ (sound) nice．
解析：这里应填 sounds。Sound 为感官动词，连系动词的一种，意为听起来。
常见的连系动词：五感（look, sound, taste, smell, feel) 表示变得（turn, get, go, become)
这里要特别注意 remain 这个词，表示保持，依然是。它也是一个连系动词，并且是历年中考的高频考词。
例2：It is believed that pollution __________ (remain) one of the biggest problems in China．
解析：首先全句描述的是一个事实，污染依旧是中国最大的问题之一，所以用一般现在时，而 remain
没有被动语态，所以这里应该填 remians。

2．happen, take place 表示发生的词没有被动语态
例：What __________ (happen) to Sandy? She is absent from school today．
解析：首先这里应该填的时现在完成时，过去 Sandy 发生了什么事情导致她今天没有去学校。过去发生的事情对现在有影响，因此我们用现在完成时。而 happen 这个词没有被动语态，而且中文意思上我们也从不说被发生，所以这里应该填 has happened。

3．物品的固有属性(高频考词：sell, write, wash)
例：This kind of pencil _________ (write) well．
解析：论述事实，使用一般现在时。句意是这种笔写起来好，这是本身笔的质量好，是这支笔所体现的固有属性，所以我们这里填 writes
总结：相类似的考题，还有商品卖的好，洗衣机洗的好等等。。。。。

①气温的上升与下降,物品价格的上涨与下调,人体体温的上升与下降都用主动语态。
气温的上升与下降是由于自然气候原因,物品价格的上涨与下调是由市场货物供求关系改变而形成的自然现象,人体体温的上升与下降这是由人体本身机能的调节而产生的。这些都与外力无关,所以都用主动语态。
例：I believe your body temperature ___________ (drop) as soon as you take the medicine．
解析：“主将从现”结构，这里应该用将来时。人体体温的下降用主动语态，这里填 wil drop

②火灾．疾病的爆发,电脑．汽车的损坏都用主动语态(主要考查两个词组：break out 爆发, break down 损害。)

同步小练
1．—Hello, Molly． You __________ (want) on the phone just now．But you weren’t here and the man left a phone number．
2．Today, to hold the Olympic Games ___________ (consider) as a rich prize for a country．
3．The film we they were looking forward to _________ (show) yesterday．
4．When to go climbing __________ (decide) by us last night．
5．Nothing much should _________ (do) at the moment．All we can do now is to wait．
6．A new school ___________ (build) in Nanchang District next year, won’t it?
7．It’s a fact that the elder ___________ (give) more and more medical care in China．
8．—How was your flight to Beijing?
—Couldn’t be worse．We ___________ (keep) at the airport for 3 hours．
were wanted; is considered; was shown; was decided; be done; will be built; are given; were kept

三．非谓语
非谓语动词这一考点不仅必然出现在动词填空中,在完成句子,单项选择等基础题中多有出现,而且非谓语亦是在阅读．完型帮组理解长难句的一大法宝。
那么什么时非谓语动词呢？就是指在句子中不做谓语的动词。它主要有三大形式。
to do：表示有目的去做某事,或者是将要去完成的事。
doing：表示一种伴随的状态或是一件正在发生的事情。
done：表示已经完成的事情或是一种被动的语态。

下面我们来看一看,具体在题目中,我们如何去使用这种非谓语动词。
例1：__________ (print) your report out, you only need to click on that icon．
解析：根据句意，这里表示的事要去打印报告，只需要点击那个图标。也就是说点击那个图标是为了去打印报告，表示目的，所以我们这里用 to print
例2：The boys played computer games happily, __________ (forget) all about their homework．
解析：根据句意，这里是指男孩们玩电脑玩的很开心，完全忘记了他们的作业。这里表示的是一种状态， 他们在玩的开心的同时，一定是处于忘记做作业这件事情的状态的，所以这里填的是 forgetting。
例3：__________ (compare) with the older model, the new robot costs less but lasts longer．
解析：根据句意，这里表示的是和旧的模型比较，新的机器人花费更少，持久度更高。而新旧模型的比较肯定是被比较，用的是非谓语中的被动语态，所以这里应该填 compared.


同步小练
1．A big parade was held on Red Square __________ (remember) the dead in Word War 2．
2．—Judy is too nervous to expressing herself．
—Don’t worry．Look! Miss Zhang is saying a few words _________ (encourage) her．
3．Playing kites is far better than __________ (spend) time watching TV at home．
4．Mom make me eat an apple a day _________ (keep) the doctor away．
5．There’s no one in the lab．Everybody has been seen ________ (go) out．
6．Finally Detective Lu made a decision ________ (search) the bedroom for the suspect．
7．Have you ever heard the saying “ Too see is ___________ (believe)．”
8．We should think about what we can do ________ (keep) animals and plants from becoming endangered．
to remember; to encourage; spending; to keep; to go; to search; to believe; to keep

固定搭配
固定搭配题相对来说较为简单,它考查的就是考生对于动词以及动词词组的熟悉度,考法相对来说比较固定。
例1：I’ll be happy ________ (send) you one．Please leave your e-mail address here．
解析：be happy to do sth. 此处应该填 to send
例2：Mr Green devoted all his effort to _________ (educate) students．
解析：devote sth. to doing sth. 此处应该填 educating

固定搭配归纳
Want to do sth
.想要做某事
Pretend to do sth .
假装做某事
Plan to do sth .
计划做某事

Like to do sth .
喜欢做某事
Refuse to do sth .
拒绝做某事
Begin（start）to do sth.
开始做某事
Try to do sth .
设法做某事
Expect to do sth .
期望做某事
Would like to do sth.
想做某事
Decide to do sth .
决定做某事
Offer to do sth
.提供做某事
Learn to do sth .
学做某事
Hope to do sth .
希望做某事
Afford to do sth .
承担得起做某事
Help to do sth.
帮忙做某事
Agree to do sth .
同意做某事
Continue to do sth
继续做某事
Promise to do sth .
承诺做某事

Ask sb.(not )to do sth .叫某人（不要）做某事
Like sb .(not )to do sth .喜欢某人（不要）做某
事
Tell sb.(not )to do sth 告诉 某人（不要）做某
事
Would like sb .(not )to do sth.先要某人（不要）
做某事
Want sb.(not )to do sth 想某人（不要）做某
事
Encourage sb.(not)to do sth.
鼓励某人（不要）做某事
Teach sb.(not )to do sth 教某人（不要）做某
事
Allow sb. To do sth.允许某人做某事
Expect sb .(not )to do sth.盼望某人（不要）做
某事
Invite sb . To do sth 邀请某人做某事
Advise sb.(not)to do sth.建议某人（不要）做
某事
Help sb. To do sth.帮助某人做某事

Make sb. do sth.使某人做某事
watch sb.do (doing)sth. 注视某人（正在）做某
事
Let sb.do sth . 让某人做某事
notice sb.do (doing)sth.注意某人（正在）做某事
Have sb. do sth . 使某人做某事
See sb.do (doing)sth. 看见某人（正在）做某事

Hear sb.do (doing)sth 听见某人（正在）做某事

Had better( not) do sth.最（好）不要做某事
You had better stay here .It's raining hard.
Would rather do sth than do sth.宁愿做某事，也不愿做某事
I would rather stay at home than do out to play.
Prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做某事，也不愿做某事
He prefers to have class rather than have a rest .
Why don't you do sth?为什么不做某事
why don't you go out to see a film with me ?
Why not do sth?为什么不做某事
why not visit me sometime next week?
Would (could)you please do sth 请你做某事
would(could)you please pass me a glass of water?
Would (could)you please (not)do sth 请你不要做某事
would(could)you please not arrive late next time ?

Avoid doing sth.
mind doing sth.
Finish doing sth.

避免做某事
介意做某事
完成做某事
Like doing sth.
喜欢做某事
practice doing sth.
练习做某事
keep doing sth.
坚持做某事
enjoy doing sth.
乐意做某事
consider doing sth.
考虑做某事
介词+doing
sth.(`````)做某事

Make a contribution to doing sth.
为··· 而做贡献
Feel like doing sth.
想做某事
Pay attention to doing sth.
注意做某事
Be busy doing sth.
忙于做某事
Be (get)used to doing sth.
习惯于做某事
Be worth doing sth.
值得做某事
Look forward to doing sth.
盼望做某事
Have fun doing sth.
做某事有乐趣
Have trouble doing sth.
做某事有困难
Do some shopping
买东西
Can't help doing sth.禁不住做某事
Stop sb.from doing sth.
阻止某人做某事
Spend ````(in)doing sth.
花··· 做某事
Prefer doing to doing sth
更喜欢做某事
What (about)going to visit the Great Wall with our classmates?
为什么不和我班的同学去看长城呢？

同步小练
1．Many people like to add some sugar while __________ (drink) black tea．
2．If you have any trouble _________ (use) the website, just click on this icon for help．
3．While we were discussing our family travel plan that day．Father suggest ________ (visit) Hawaii—some beautiful islands which lie in Pacific Ocean．
4．Hurry up! The boss needs the work ________ (do) tomorrow!
5．The experts advise _________ (protect) the environment to live “a low—carbon” lifestyle．
6．On earth, gravity keeps out feet on the ground and makes anything we drop _________ (fall) towards the ground．
7．He seemed to have difficulty ____________ (control) his actions．
8．My son succeeded in _________ (get) full marks in the English listening test yesterday．
drinking; using; visiting; doing; protecting; fall; controlling; getting


考点变式—感叹句插入
例1：What a waste of time it is _________ (listen) to such a useless report!
解析：What a waste of time it is.其实在句子中是一个感叹句。感叹句是对于语气的加强，其本质不变， 这句感叹句的本质是 It is a waste of time... 全句就变成了 It is a waste of time (listen) to such a useless report. 这样很容易就判断出来应该填 to listen。
例2：You can’t imagine what great difficulty I have _________ (deal) with this problem．
解析：句子中的感叹句为what great difficulty I have，意为我有多么大的困难啊。那么本质就是我有困难，也就是 I have difficulty (deal)..... 根据词组 have difficulty (in) doing sth. ，我们这里填dealing。

总结：做此类感叹句插入的句子,我们就应该要先把感叹句找出来,看一看它感叹的是什么,本质是哪种句型或是哪个词组,这样就很容易帮助我们判断出所填的动词形式是什么。简单来说,就是要：透过现象看本质！

考点变型—从句插入
这类题目的变化度就很高,插入语以定语从句为主。做题的关键是找到定语从句,并找出它所修饰的单词,分析出句子的主体为什么。
例1：The various fantastic drawings the famous artist devoted himself to __________ (show) in our school hall the day before yesterday．
解析：看到 devote...to... 千万不要先写 doing，我们先来分析一下这个句子的结构。这里的从句是 the famous artist devoted himself to，而这句话真正修饰的是 drawings，因为根据句意，这个艺术家投入身心的是那些作品。所以这句话的本质就是作品，画作被展出，这里应该填 was shown。

总结：从句的插入经常会与动词固定搭配来考,增加句子的迷惑度。我们做题的关键是找到定语从句,并找出它所修饰的单词,分析出句子的主体为什么,才能解出对应填入的动词形式,而要快速的找出句中的定语从句在何处以及它所修饰的对象,则是需要大量的练习的。

同步小练
1．The sunlight we all used to _________ (include) seven different colors．
2．He tried all the ways he could think of _________ (make) the little boy stop crying．
3．He doesn’t know what he should pay attention to __________ (reduce) the pollution．
4．She spent as much time as she could _________ (explain) it to us, But we still didn’t believe her．
5．He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall _________ (not be) a true man．
6．Thank goodness! The letter I was looking forward to _________ (reach) me at last．
7．The horror film that young director devoted most of his time to __________ (earn) him a lot of money so far．
8．This pen my father bought in Hong Kong _________ (write) very well, I like it very much．
including; to make; to reduce; explaining; isn’t; reached; has earned; writes

〖巩固训练】

1．Look on the bright side of life, and imagine that you ____________ (have) a happy and successful future．
2．I’ve just returned from my trip to London．I ____________ (visit) many interesting places there．
3．— Nowadays lots of goods from China are very popular in the world．
— Yeah! Many people can hardly avoid ____________ (buy) goods made in China．
4．The house belongs to Mr．Smith, but he ____________ (not live) here any more．
5．— When did the classroom have a power cut?
— This morning, while I ____________ (give) a physics lesson．
6．Was the boy with his little sister made ____________ (tidy) up their bedroom because it was in a complete mess?
7．I heard a new song on the radio．I ____________ (search) it on many websites about music, but I still can’t find the song．
8．Tourists ___________ (punish) because of their impolite behaviors in our country from now on．
1. will have
2. visited
3. buying
4. doesn’t live
5. was giving
6. to tidy
7. have searched
8. will be punished

〖总结训练】

巩固

1．—What’s that noise? It nearly drives me mad．
—Oh, your father (check) the machine over there．
2．The great scientist Hawking has been dead for some time, but his achievements __________ (continue) to influence the world for many years．
3．Shared bikes (praise) as one of “the four new inventions” in China．
4．We (listen) to his speech many times and we are able to learn it by heart．
5．When I’m in a bad mood, I prefer to jog (cheer) myself up．
6．—I wonder what makes you a successful salesman．
—I (serve) as a waiter for five years and it makes a great different to my work today．
7．—John told me that he (return) to the USA by the end of June．
—Oh, no．We’ve just become good friends．
8．—Would you mind (not throw) waste here and there?
—Sorry, I won’t do it again．
1. is checking 2.will continue 3.are praised 4.have listened 5.to cheer 6.served 7.would return 8.not throwing


提升

1．The guide _________ (hire) to show her around many places of interest during her stay in Wuxi．
2．—Has Mary finished reading Jane Eyre?
—No．She ______________ (compare) the writing styles of the two writers, Shakespeare and Dickens all day yesterday．
3．At last, the plane ____________ (carry) all the students landed at the airport．
4．Many old people in Anzhen will dance on the square if it _____________ (not be) rainy in the evening．
5．_____________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand．
6．The government announced that they ___________ (build) another two underground lines in the next five years．
7．Don’t miss Jack Ma’s wonderful speech．I’m sure each of us __________ (attract)．
8．Look! All the birds _________ (fly) away．We can’t see one in the sky now．
1.was hired 2.was comparing 3.carried 4.isn’t 5.To make 6.would build 7.will be attracted 8.have flown

3．总结优化

〖强化训练】

1．—Why are you going there now?
—Why? At least _____________ (prevent) him leaving．
2．Will you be kind enough to hold the door open for me as I ___________ (carry) too many things to spare a hand?
3．If population growth _____________ (not control) properly, it will be probably the most serious problem．
4．As we know, tools made of metal _____________ (not break) easily．
5．—Have you received Wendy’s application form?
—Not yet．She told me that she wanted to check it again and ___________ (hand) it in soon．
6．Teddy can’t stand up straight because he ___________ (lie) in bed for days with a bad cold．
7．The suggestions most members offered to the chairperson _____________ (follow) at last．
8．—Nowadays lots of goods from China are very popular in the world．
—Yeah! Many people can hardly avoid _____________ (buy) goods made in China．
1. to prevent 2. am carrying 3. isn’t controlled 4. don’t break
5. would hand 6. has lain 7. were followed 8. buying




〖课后习题】


练习一
1．It is known to all that a new kind of medicine needs _______ (test) before it is in use．
2．I had my finger cut when I ________ (divide) the watermelon into pieces．
3．Look at these footprints! Someone___________ (step) into our garden．
4．—There is too much salt in the Chinese diet．
—So there is．The WHO says only 1．5 grams of salt_________ (need) for each man every day．
5．—We set World Reading Day ________ (encourage) teens to form a good reading habit．
—Nowadays, people are more aware of the importance of reading．
6．—Your job ________ (keep) open for your return． —Thanks．
7. Don’t you think it would be wonderful to have robots _________ (iron) our school uniforms for us?
8． He told us that he ________ (go) over lessons at home instead of going outside if it rained．
1. testing/ to be tested 2. was dividing 3. has stepped4. is needed
5. to encourage 6. will be kept 7. iron 8. would go

练习二
1．What’s the noise? – Oh, there are some children ____________ (plan) their coming holiday．
2．It is reported that the prices of the houses all over the country __________ (fall) a lot these days．
3．—Was Susan’s speech wonderful?
—I suppose so．She ______________ (practice) it till the last minute．
4．Hawkin(霍金), who __________ (consider) as the king of the universe(宇宙), passed away on March 14,2018, aged 76．
5．She promised to do all she could________ (help) me but she failed to do that．
6．Don’t worry about her．Her temperature __________ (drop) to normal if she takes some medicine．
7．The pen my friend gave me as a present last week _________ (write) smoothly now．
8．I thought the dancing class ___________ (be) boring, but it turned out to be a lot of fun．
1.planning 2. have fallen 3. was practicing 4. was

considered
5. to help 6. will drop 7. writes 8. would be

练习三
1．Many people in our town will dance on the square if it _____________ (not be) rainy in the evening．
2．Work hard and keep on trying． Otherwise, you ____________ (regret) for what you did when
you grow up．
3．—Why were some students crying a little in the cinema?
—Because the story of the ugly man really ___________ (touch) them．
4．The guide ___________ (hire) to show her around many places of interest during her stay in
Jiangyin．
5．To carry out that plan would require ____________ (increase) the price by 20%．
6．—The football game began ten minutes ago, but Mr Lee ___________ (not come)．
—Why not call him right now? Maybe he is busy with something else．
7．—______________ (compare) other good students, Hank is quite crazy about video games．
—That’s why he has fallen behind others a lot．
8． She decided not to talk about this program at school, because she didn’t want her classmates to know what she ____________ (do)．
1. isn’t
2. will regret
3. touched
4. was hired
5. increasing
6. hasn’t come
7. Compared
8. was doing