中考英语语法复习——动词的分类、用法归纳及练习（无答案）学案

这是一份中考英语语法复习——动词的分类、用法归纳及练习（无答案）学案，共10页。学案主要包含了be动词，助动词等内容，欢迎下载使用。

中考英语语法复习
动词的分类、用法归纳及练习

动词的类型: 一般情况下，按照作用和用途，英语动词可分为四类：be动词、助动词、行为动词、情态动词。be动词表示状态；助动词没有实际词意，只起语法作用；行为动词表示动作；情态动词表示说话人的情绪态度或看法。
一、be动词:
英语中的be动词也叫系动词，基本形式有am, is, are 三种。
我(I)用am，你(you)用are，is用于他(he)，她(she)，它(it)；
单数名词用is，复数名词全用are.     
变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。     
变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。     
疑问否定任你变，句首提前要大写。 
be动词的用法：
1、系动词+表语”的结构
当be 动词做系动词使用时，主要构成“系动词+表语”的结构，在句子中做谓语。表语可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等。例如：
The man is a science teacher.
Mary's new dresses are colourful.
Mother is in the kitchen now.
I have been there before.
They shall be here at 10:00 tommorow.
That can't be true.
You are not being very polite.
Your brother is being very annoying this evening.

2、be 动词的一般疑问句
方法是把be 移到主语前面，也可说成是移到句首。
Is the man a science teacher? Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
Are Mary's new dresses colourful? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
Was mother in the kitchen then? Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't.
Were you at home the day before yesterday? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.
Was she late this morning? Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't.

3、be 动词用在特殊疑问句
在特殊疑问句里，be 动词仍然移到主语前面，但特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头的，所以be 动词只能说是移到主语前面，或者说是在特殊疑问词的后面。例如：
Whose bike is broken? Xiao Ming's bike is.
Who was singing in the room? Mr. Zhang was.
Where are you from? I am from Wuhu.
What class were you in? We were in Class 2.
How old is Tom? He is ten.

4、be 动词的否定句
be 动词做谓语时，它的否定形式是在be 后加not，并且可以缩写。例如：
It is not sunny today.
Tom and his friends are not in the park.
You were not nine years old when I went to the university.
He was not often late for his class when he was a student.
I wasn't here yesterday.
My parents weren't at home last Sunday.

5、be 动词的祈使句
be 动词的祈使句有肯定和否定两种形式。肯定形式是以be 动词开头，而否定形式或强调句形，要加don't 或do。例如：
Be careful!
Be a good boy!
Don't be silly!
Don't be a fool!
Do be obedient!
Do be careful.

6、be的时态变化
系动词be会有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等的时态变化。如：
He isa student.
They werein the park yesterday.
It will be cloudy tomorrow.
He has been ill for six days.
It had been three hours before she left the hat shop.

7、be与情态动词的连用
其用法为：情态动词+系动词be原形。如：
It must be Lucy's book. Her name is on the cover.
It can be very difficult for us to memorize too many words within such a short time.
She should be here on time tomorrow.

小练习：
1. I ________ from Australia.
2. She _______ a student.
3.Jane and Tom _________ my friends.
4. My parents _______ very busy every day.
5.Where _________ you from?
6._________ they your new friends?
7. The girl______ Jack's sister.
8. The dog _______ tall and fat.
9. Jack’s friend ______ in Class One.
10. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.
11. Whose dress ______ this?
12.That ______ my red skirt.
14. These _____ buses.
15. Some tea ______ in the glass.
16.Gao Shan's shirt _______ over there.
17. ______ David and Helen from England?
18. We ____ friends.
19. The two cups of milk _____ for me.
20.The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.

二、助动词：
本身无实意，只有行为动词作谓语时才涉及使用，起到语法上的辅助作用。
常见的有do/does/did，助动词+V原形。
如： I like it.-------- Do you like it?
Michael likes Chinese Food. ----Does Michael like Chinese food?  Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.
Jane and Helen like music. ----Do Jand and Helen like music?   Yes, they do./ No, they don't.
助动词用法：
只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例：
1)当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词，只涉及"主谓一致"原则。
eg : I like English a lot.
Michael likes Chinese food very much.

2)当句子为否定句时，要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词：当主语为"三单"时，要使用does;当主语为"非三单"时，用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句：
Kangkang likes math. ---Kangkang doesn't like math.
They like sports. ---They don't like sports.
3)当句子变疑问句时，同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句：
Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.
Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.

以do为例，助动词的三种用法：
一、用于构成疑问句、否定句或倒装句
1. 构成疑问句
Where do I pay? 我在哪儿付钱?
When do you start? 你何时动身?
How did you do it? 你是怎么做的?
How do you feel today? 你今天感觉如何?
Why do you keep on smiling? 你怎么老是笑?
How does the story end up? 这故事结局如何?
How does she stay so young? 她怎么能永葆青春呢?
When did you realise that the money was missing? 你什么时候发觉钱丢了?
2. 构成否定句
I don’t like football. 我不喜欢足球。
Please don’t annoy me. 请不要打搅我。
I didn’t arrive at the station early enough. 我到达车站不够早。
I don’t care how expensive it is. 我不在乎这件东西有多贵。
I didn’t meet either Jane or her husband. 简或是她的丈夫我都没遇见。
He washed the car. He didn’t polish it. 他冲洗了汽车。他没有擦拭它。
3. 构成倒装句
Never did he speak about his own merits. 他从不讲自己的功绩。
Very rarely did she receive letters from her brother. 她很少收到她兄弟的信。
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他一到家，她就抱怨起来。
Never did he think the book would be finished so soon. 他可没想到这本书会这么快看完。
Seldom has a devoted teacher been so splendidly rewarded. 一位忠诚的教师很少受到如此丰厚的报答。

二、加在动词前，表示强调
She does like dogs. 她真的喜欢狗。
Do have another cup of coffee. 请再喝杯咖啡吧。
Do be careful with that vase! 务必小心那个花瓶!
I do hope you’ll get better soon. 我真希望你早日康复。
He did come but soon went back. 他是来了，但很快就回去了。

三、用来表示刚提到的动作，以避免重复
“She likes cakes.” “She really does.”“她喜欢吃蛋糕。”“她的确喜欢。”
Watch that man—I want to know everything he does. 盯住那个人——我要了解他的一切活动。
I always eat peas with honey. My wife never does. 我总是就着蜂蜜吃豌豆。我的妻子从来不这样吃。
She paid them a generous wage for the little they did. 她为他们的那么一点工作付了很高的工资。
Some parents did it only once a week, some said they never did. 一些父母每周仅做一次，一些父母则说他们从来不做。

四、助动词 do 在祈使句中的强调用法
有时可在祈使句前加上助动词do (常重读)，以表示说话人想特别强调他所说的话。这样用的祈使句具有以下用法：
1. 表示强调的请求。如：
Do come with us. 请一定要和我们一起去。
Please! Do be quiet a moment! 求求你们! 安静一会儿!
2. 表示委婉或客气。如：
Do try this fish. 请尝尝这鱼。
Do have another cup of coffee. 请再喝杯咖啡吧。
3. 表示不耐烦。如：
Do stop talking! 别说啦!
4. 希望说服对方。如：
Do help me with this maths problem. 务请帮我解答这道数学题。
补充：代替动词的do是助动词还是实义动词？
▶用来替代动词的do是助动词，也可以说用作“代动词”，用来表示刚提到的动作，以避免重复。请看以下例句。
—Do you like Beijing? 你喜欢北京吗?
—Yes, I do. 是的，喜欢。(do用作代动词，代替like Beijing)
I always eat peas with honey. My wife never does. 我总是就着蜂蜜吃豌豆。我的妻子从来不这样吃。(does用作代动词，代替eat peas with honey)
▶但是要注意do so ,do it , do that这种结构，do不是助动词，而是实义动词，而且是及物动词。例如:
She hoped that he would search the room carefully and he did so. 她希望他仔细地检查房间，而他这样做了。


小练习：
( )1. She ________ to see documentaries（记录片）.
A. do want B. don't want C. doesn't want D. not want
( )2. Look at that picture on the wall. __________ you like it?
A. Do B. Can C. Could D. Are
( )3. He ________ like pears.
A. do B. is C. doesn't D. not
( )4. —Do you often go to the cinema______ Sunday? —No, we__________.
A. on, don't B. on, aren't  C. in, do D. in, don't
( )5. －Can you see a light on the table?
－Yes, ________.
A. I am B. I’m not C. I can D. He isn’t
( )6. —Does the boy want to be an actor?  —________.
A. Yes, he is B. No, he does C. Yes, he does D. No, he isn't
( )7. _________ he have any apples ?
A. Do B. Does C. Is D. Are
( )8. She ______ want to be a policewoman, because she thinks it’s kind of dangerous.
A. isn’t B. aren’t C. don’t D. doesn’t
( )9. Why＿＿＿＿he have brown hair?
A. do B. does C. is D. has
( )10. What time__________ he get home every day?
A. is B. does C. do D. am
( )11. What________ you see in the picture?
A. is B. are C. can  D. have
( )12. Jack_______ like flying kites______ throwing a frisby.
A. don't, or B. doesn't, and C. don't, and D. doesn't, or
( )13. A. ________ Jim ________ a ball?
B. No, he________.
A. Do, have, don't B. Does, has, doesn't C. Is, have, isn't D. Does, have, doesn't
( )14. I ________ have a watch.
A. am not B. does C. don't D. doesn't
( )15. ＿＿＿＿you＿＿＿＿a good time on your vacation?
A. Did; have B. Did; had C. Were; have D. Were; had
( )16. Simon likes _____ football, but he doesn’t _____ it well.
A. play, plays B. to play, plays C. plays, playing D. playing, play
( )17. She＿＿＿＿have to wash the dishes now.
A. don't B. not C. doesn't D. can't
( )18. —________Colin ________ Chinese history? —Yes, he does.
A. Do; like B. Does; likes C. Do; likes D. Does; like
( )19. Li Lei ______ lunch at home.
A. hasn’t B. haven’t C. don’t have D. doesn’t have
( )20. －Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday, Dick? －John＿＿＿.
A. cleaned B. does C. did D. is

三、行为动词：
即表示动作的动词。行为动词分跟有宾语的及物动词和不直接接宾语的不及物动词。
它有时态及人称、单复数的变化。如：go, come, walk, ride, drive, watch, begin, listen, swim, play, talk, make, clean, dance, sing, borrow, use, keep, return, sit, write, draw, learn, study, put, look, sleep, move, miss, stop, hurt, lose, cross, turn, speed, enjoy, fall, forget, bring, wash, wish, blow, start, climb, rain, snow, remember, travel, hope, prepare, decide, arrive, stay, knock, shout
如：1. He ____________ (live) in Beijing for several days every year.
2. Ms Lin _____________(teach) English in our school.
常见的动词短语：

看电视 watch TV
开始做某事 begin/start to do sth.
听…listen to sth.
和某人说话talk to sb.
谈论某事 talk about sth.
为某人制作…make sb. sth./ make sth. for sb.
把某物带给某人bring sth. to sb. / bring sb. sth.
学习做某事learn to do sth.
向某人借某物borrow sth. from sb.
把…收拾起来put away
挂起来，粘贴 put up
踢足球/打篮球play soccer/ basketball
弹吉他/弹钢琴 play the guitar/piano
看着 look at
照顾 look after
看起来像look like
喜欢做某事
enjoy doing sth.
玩的开心enjoy oneself
忘记/记得去做某事forget/remember to do sth.
决定做某事 decide to do sth
希望(某人)做某事wish (sb.) to do sth
希望做某事hope to do sth.
为…做准备prepare for sth.
达到arrive in/at
敲门knock on
摔倒fall down


小练习：
( )1．Tom ________ his father, because they both are cheerful and easygoing.
A. looks like B. takes after
C. doesn't take after D. isn't like
( )2．— Would you like some Wenchang Chicken? It delicious.
— Yes, please. It's my favorite.
A. sounds B. tastes
C. feels D. like
( )3．—What's the meaning of"One Belt and One Road"？
—Let me ________ the words in the new dictionary．
A. look at B. look for
C. look after D. look up
( )4．Grandfather lives with us. We all ________ him.
A. look at B. look for
C. look after D. look like
( )5．—Would you like to try some pizza?
—Yes, please. It lovely and nice.
A. sounds; sees B. hears; turns
C. looks; smells D. sounds; watches
( )6．I want to be a scientist like Tu Youyou when I in the future.
A. grow up B. wake up
C. stay up D. get up
( )7．—Did you solve the Maths problem by yourself?.
— No. Bob helped me it.
A. write down B. talk about
C. work out D. take out
( )8．—Who reached the station on time?
—I ! In fact, I arrived there 5 minutes earlier.
A. was B. reached
C. did D. do
( )9．I'm not sure whether I can hold a party in the open air, because it ________ the weather.
A. stands for B. depends on
C. lives on D. agrees with
( )10．Please__________ the lights to save electricity before you leave the room.
A. turn off B. turn on
C. turn up D. turn down
( )11．— Don't smoke any more. It's bad for your health.
— I'm trying ________. It's really hard, you know.
A. gave it up B. giving it up
C. to give it up D. to give up it
( )12．Most important of all, we need to learn how to ________ problems.
A. deal with B. do
C. do with D. deal
( )13．—He has few friends to share his joy and sadness, ________ he?
—________. It's really bad for him to keep quiet all the time.
A. hasn't; Yes B. has; No
C. does; Yes D. does; No
( )14．Dad from his paper and smiled when I entered the living room.
A. looked after B. looked for
C. looked down D. looked up
( )15．These photos ________ me _______ the old days when I was young.
A. let; think B. remind; of
C. make; think D. take; to
四、情态动词：
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能+动词原形,构成复合谓语，没有人称和数的变化。
如：I can speak Chinese. He can sing English songs.
常见的情态动词： can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would) .must, had better, have to, need, ought to, dare (dared)---否定直接在后面加not
如：We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。
May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？

小练习：
( )1. The children______ play football on the road.
A. can't B. can C. mustn't D. must
( )2. ---Can you speak Japanese? ---No, I_______.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not
( )3. You'd better ______ late next time.
A. not to be B. not be C. won't be D. don't be
( )4. You______ ask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way.
A. had better not to B. had not better C. had better D. had better not
( ) 5. ______ you like to have another try?
A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do
( )6. ---Would you like to go boating with us? ---Yes, ______.
A. I'd like B. I want C. I'd like to D. I do
7. _________ I come in ?
8. I _________ speak a little French.
9. The red light is on. We __________ stop.
10. I _________ drive a car.
11. He is a dancer. He can ____________ (dance) very well.
12. Would you please _______________ (help) me
13. Would you like ______________(go) with me.
14. We had better _______________________(not sing)in the library.
15. The boy shouldn’t ________________(draw) on the wall.