上海市嘉定区2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次质量调研英语试卷

这是一份上海市嘉定区2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次质量调研英语试卷，共26页。试卷主要包含了用单词的适当形式完成短文，选用适当的单词或短语补全短文，完形填空，阅读理解，六选四，概要写作，汉译英，图表作文等内容，欢迎下载使用。

上海市嘉定区2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次质量调研英语试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________


一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directions: After reading the passage below; fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
How Quality Sleep Protects Your Brain
Having trouble thinking creatively? Not able to focus on tasks that need to get done? Poor sleep could potentially be 1．（blame）. It turns out lack of sleep can do a number on your brain—and not just in the short term.
Research suggests not getting enough quality sleep can have serious permanent negative consequences. On the other hand, good sleep habits can have lasting benefits. Below are three research-backed brain benefits of sleep.
Stimulates creativity
Thinking in new, imaginative ways requires a well-rested brain. On the contrary, a brain 2．（suffer）from a lack of sleep is unable to think creatively.
A study 3．（report）in the journal Nature bears this out. For the study, participants learned a task 4． they had to recognize a hidden pattern in the questions they were asked. Their initial training 5．（follow）by eight hours of nighttime sleep or wakefulness or daytime wakefulness.
More than twice as many participants gained insight into the hidden rule after sleep as those who did after wakefulness, regardless of the time of day. The researchers concluded that "sleep, by restructuring new memory representations, 6．（facilitate）obtaining of expressive knowledge and insightful behavior.”
Reduces depression
Often influenced by chemical imbalances in the brain, depression and sleep problems go hand-in-hand. People with depression may either have a hard time sleeping or else get too much sleep.
While it's not clear 7． lack of sleep causes depression, it can worsen it. Studies show people who sleep fewer than six or more than nine hours a night are more likely to be depressed than those 8．between.
Solidifies memories
One of sleep's main functions is to help improve memory. It does this by enabling the brain to strengthen some neural pathways（神经通路） 9． reducing those it doesn't need. For example, your brain 10．（not need）to keep every sensory impression collected during your waking hours.

二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: After reading the passage below；fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A．debate B．obviously C．minimized D．digits E. feasible F. initially
G. sales H. applied I. criticized J. inevitable K. basis
Criticisms of Space Tourism
Space tourism is actually not a new or even a 21st-century concept. NASA imagined the possibility of space tourism back in the 1970s. Space tourism was 11． a hopeful concept, one focused on increasing access for ordinary citizens to visit space. However, the modern space tourism industry looks different as early ticket 12． by Virgin Galactic ranged from S200,000-$250,000; Blue Origin has not announced ticket prices, but it recently sold one seat for $28 million as part of a charity sale. This 13． prices access to space well outside the range of all but the extremely wealthy；it's one of the primary criticisms of space tourism today.
Part of the reason spaceflight is so expensive is that just a few people are carried at a time. "If you want to get to get the price from $250,000 down to four 14．, like an airline, you have to spread it over far more bodies," Ron Epstein, an aerospace analyst. But it might be decades before companies get to that point. The costs for fuel and energy currently don't make it 15． to offer space travel to large numbers of people.
Another complaint is that the funds spent on spaceflight might be better spent elsewhere such as solving problems here on Earth. Alan Ladwig, a writer, says this commentary is not without 16．—or historical precedent（先例）as people said the same thing about NASA．"There has been criticism that money spent in space would be better 17． to other societal needs. This has been a matter of 18． for a range of space activities for the past 60 years and is not likely to change regardless of what happens with space tourism," he says. And several items we take for granted like memory foam and scratch-resistant eyeglass lenses, came from NASA inventions.
Finally, space tourism is 19． for its environmental impact. "The most often talked about 'harm' involves pollution caused by black carbon from some spacecraft engines," Ladwig explains. "Virgin Galactic has 20． this problem, saying is impact on climate change is minor and that it also plans to invest in sustainable fuels for the future. Blue Origin's engines rely on liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen that burns as water vapor. However, critics note that it still takes electricity to manufacture the fuels."


三、完形填空
With a hybrid（混合的）approach to work, the importance of being physically present in a centralized office is greatly reduced, allowing for far more flexible work schedules among employees. In most cases, this means some employees working on-site in the office, some employees working off-site—either from 21 or remotely from another location—and some employees who have the flexibility to switch between the office and working remotely, 22 tasks, deadlines, and personal needs.
When businesses adopt hybrid work models, which rely heavily on a remote-first approach, the entire concept of location is 23 . By connecting to the workplace using cloud solutions, video conferencing technology, and similar tools, employees do not need to be 24 present in the workplace in order to do their job—although they can be if they prefer to be, or for situations where 25 communication is better suited.
This can offer a number of benefits for both employees and employers. 26 , on days when bad weather might prevent people from getting into the office, they are still able to work from home. Similarly, if major events make it necessary to 27 the workplace—as was the case with the COVID-19 pandemic—there will be 28 disturbance to operations.
Moreover, the removal of geographical barriers can be extremely advantageous in terms of 29 , allowing employers to gain access to a wider talent pool, making it easier to find qualified candidates and build a more diverse and inclusive workforce. With 30 work arrangements now among the top benefits sought after by job seekers, companies employing the hybrid model are better positioned to 31 top candidates.
Another major benefit associated with flexible work schedules and the hybrid work model is the ability to make a business more 32 . This is important because research suggests that employees are more likely to take a job and stay in a job with companies that have a strong environmental agenda. 33 , 64 percent of young people say they would not take a job with a company that did not have a promise of social responsibility.
The most significant environmental impact made by the hybrid work model is the largely reduced amount of 34 among employees. The effects of this are especially significant when there's a long distance between home and work, which requires employees to use their own cars. Fewer people coming into the office is also likely to reduce the carbon footprint associated with the office itself. All of this can combine to help improve a company's green certificate and aid in positioning the organization as a 35 company in the eyes of job seekers and customers.
21．A．office B．enterprise C．home D．department
22．A．succeeding in B．depending on C．taking on D．setting aside
23．A．developed B．removed C．defined D．grasped
24．A．physically B．visually C．instantly D．properly
25．A．business B．regular C．effective D．face-to-face
26．A．In brief B．Above all C．For instance D．In particular
27．A．avoid B．clean C．attend D．reserve
28．A．considerable B．continuous C．unnecessary D．minimal
29．A．judgement B．enrollment C．procedure D．management
30．A．formal B．wise C．flexible D．complex
31．A．compete for B．put up C．vote for D．comb out
32．A．fast-growing B．profitable C．competitive D．sustainable
33．A．Psychologically B．Originally
C．Eventually D．Additionally
34．A．work B．travel C．research D．cooperation
35．A．multi-national B．world-famous C．forward-thinking D．peace-loving


四、阅读理解
Nearly 40 years ago, Peter Harrison, a marine ecologist witnessed the first recorded large-scale coral bleaching（珊瑚白化）event. Diving in the Great Barrier Reef（大堡礁）, he was shocked by the scene before him. "The reef was made up of healthy corals and badly bleached white corals, like the beginnings of a ghost city," he says. Just months before, the same site was filled with colorful tropical life.
"Many of the hundreds of corals that I'd carefully tagged and monitored finally died," he says. "It was shocking and made me aware of just how weak these corals really are.”
Coral exists together with photosynthetic algae（藻类）, which live in its tissues and provide essential nutrition（and coloration）. But high temperatures and other stresses can turn algae poisonous. When this occurs, the algae may die or be removed by the coral, a process known as bleaching because the coral's clear tissue and white calcium carbonate skeleton（碳酸钙骨骼）are exposed. If the coral can't reestablish its link with algae, it will starve or become ill.
The widespread destruction Harrison saw in 1982 was repeated on many other Pacific Ocean reefs that year and the next. In 1997 and 1998 the phenomenon went global, killing some 16 percent of the world's corals. With rising temperatures, pollution, disease, increased ocean acidity, invasive species, and other dangers, Harrison's ghost cities are expanding
Scientists suppose that about four decades ago severe bleaching occurred roughly every 25 years, giving corals time to recover. But bleaching events are coming faster now—about every six years—and in some places soon they could begin to happen annually.
"The absolute key is dealing with global warming," says marine biologist Terry Hughes. "No matter how much we clean up the water, the reefs will die." In 2016, a record-hot year in a string of them, 91 percent of the reefs that consist of the Great Barrier Reef bleached.
36．Peter Harrison was shocked when diving in the Great Barrier Reef, because___________.
A．the reefs were made up of precious corals B．the corals were ruined badly and quickly
C．he found a ghost city with tropical life D．he saw the corals he had tagged before
37．Paragraph 3 is mainly about___________.
A．the causes of coral bleaching B．the weakness of corals and algae
C．the elements that make algae die D．the process of building a link with algae
38．The phrase "Harrison's ghost cities" in paragraph 4 most probably refers to___________.
A．global warming B．the polluted ocean C．the white corals D．invasive species
39．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．With algae living in its tissues, coral's white skeleton is exposed.
B．Solving global warming is the real solution to coral bleaching.
C．The reefs die because the water hasn't been cleaned thoroughly
D．The severest coral bleaching occurred about four decades ago.


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40．According to the passage, Shaklee is most probably_____________.
A．a social organization that helps customers
B．a website that offers different shipping services
C．an inquiry department that solves customers' problems
D．a company that sells various products and services
41．According to the passage, how much should a customer pay if he buys a 5-gallon bucket of cleaner which is sold at 118 dollars and has it delivered with standard service?
A．161.5 dollars B．137.5 dollars. C．118 dollars. D．153 dollars.
42．The passage is mainly intended to_____________.
A．promote the shipping services B．describe the product features
C．introduce the shipping fees D．prove the advantages of shipping

On a September afternoon in 1940, four teenage boys made their way through the woods on a hill overlooking Montignac in southwestern France. They had come to explore a dark, deep hole said to be an underground passage to the nearby manor（庄园）of Lascaux. Squeezing through the entrance one by one, they soon saw wonderfully lifelike paintings of running horses, swimming deer, wounded wild oxen, and other beings—works of art that may be up to 20,000 years old.
The collection of paintings in Lascaux is among some 150 prehistoric sites dating from the Paleolithic period（旧石器时代）that have been documented in France's Vezere Valley. This corner of southwestern Europe seems to have been a hot spot for figurative art. The biggest discovery since Lascaux occurred in December 1994, when three cave explorers laid eyes on artworks that had not been seen since a rockslide 22,000 years ago closed off a large deep cave in southern France. Here, by unsteadily shining firelight, prehistoric artists drew outlines of cave lions, herds of rhinos（犀牛）and magnificent wild oxen, horses, cave bears. In all, the artists drew 442 animals over perhaps thousands of years, using nearly 400,000 square feet of cave surface as their canvas（画布）. The site, now known as Chauvet-Pont-1'Arc Cave, is sometimes considered the Sistine Chapel of prehistory.
For decades scholars had theorized that art had advanced in slow stages from ancient scratchings to lively, naturalistic interpretation. Surely the delicate shading and elegant lines of Chauvet's masterworks placed them at the top of that progression. Then carbon dates came in, and prehistorians felt shocked. At some 36,000 years old—nearly twice as old as those in Lascaux—Chauvet's images represented not the peak of prehistoric art but its earliest known beginnings.
The search for the world's oldest cave paintings continues. On the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, for example, scientists found a large room of paintings of part-human, part-animal beings that are estimated to be 44,000 years old, older than any figurative art seen in Europe.
Scholars don't know if art was invented many times over or if it was a skill developed early in our evolution. What we do know is that artistic expression runs deep in our ancestry.
43．According to the passage, where did the boys find the paintings?
A．In the woods on a hill B．In a deep cave in France.
C．In a manor of Lascaux. D．On an Indonesian island
44．According to the passage, figurative art in paragraph 2 is a form of art that_____________.
A．conveys concepts by using accurate numbers and forms
B．makes stories in contrast to scientific subjects
C．represents persons or things in a realistic way
D．expresses ideas or feelings by using shapes and patterns
45．It can be inferred from the passage that_____________.
A．the Chauvet's paintings had been sealed by a rockslide until 1994
B．the style of Chauvet's paintings is similar to that of the Sistine Chapel
C．Chauvet's images are the earliest figurative paintings that have been found
D．the main objects of Chauvet's images are part-human, part-animal beings
46．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．Value of Paleolithic Artwork B．Preservation of Figurative Art
C．Artistic Expressions of Nature D．Searches for Cave Paintings


五、六选四
Is It Smarter Than a Seven-month-old?
By the age of seven months, most children have learned that objects still exist even when they are out of sight. Put a toy under a blanket and a child that old will know it is still there, and that he can reach underneath the blanket to get it back. 47．
It is also something that self-driving cars do not have. And that is a problem. Autonomous vehicles are getting better, but they still don't understand the world in the way that a human being does. For a self-driving car, a bicycle that is momentarily hidden by a passing van is a bicycle that has ceased to exist.
This failing is basic to the now-widespread computing discipline that has claimed to be the slightly misleading name of artificial intelligence（AI）. Current Al works by building up complex statistical models of the world, but it lacks a deeper understanding of reality. 48．
Modern AI is based on the idea of machine learning. If an engineer wants a computer to recognize a stop sign, he does not try to write thousands of lines of code that describe every pattern of pixels（像素）which could possibly indicate such a sign. 49． Over many repetitions, the program gradually works out what features all of these pictures have in common.
50． Cars thus learn how to obey lane markings, avoid other vehicles, hit the brakes at a red light and so on. But they do not understand many things a human driver takes for granted—that other cars on the road have engines and four wheels, or that they obey traffic regulations（usually）and the laws of physics（always）. And they do not understand object permanence.
A．Instead, he writes a program that can learn for itself, and then shows that program thousands of pictures of stop signs.
B.The high-tech vision system has the potential to be more successful than humans in detecting dangerous situations
C.How to give AI at least some appearance of that understanding—the reasoning ability of a seven-month-old child, perhaps—is now a matter of active research
D.Programmers have developed procedures that behave like the neurons（神经元） in a brain. They can "learn" from the actions taken in previous situations and infer what to do in a new, similar situation.
E.This understanding of "object permanence", is a normal developmental milestone, as well as a basic principle of reality.
F.Similar techniques are used to train self-driving cars to operate in traffic.


六、概要写作
51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How Career Planning Can Help You Get Ahead
Are you feeling trapped in a boring and unfulfilling job? Or maybe you're looking for a job but you're not clear on which career direction you should pursue? No matter what stage of your career you find yourself in, career planning can help you establish a focused vision and achieve your full potential in your career.
Career planning is the process of setting goals for career advancement and creating a roadmap of concrete action steps to achieve those goals. Although career planning requires time and effort, it has many benefits. First, by establishing a long-term goal to work toward, you'll find clarity in your career path and renewed motivation for your daily boring activities. A career plan can also provide you with an escape route from an unpromising job.
Career planning will also help you recognize and take advantage of opportunities to advance your career. The goals you set during career planning will influence all of your later strategic decisions. Since you know what you hope to achieve in your career, you'll be able to evaluate job openings and other opportunities to determine if they fit your plan for reaching your objectives.
Finally, career planning is an effective tool for success in advancing your career. Benefits of career advancement include earning a higher salary, achieving increased job satisfaction, improving your skills and expertise, and gaining access to exciting new opportunities. Career advancement might look like moving upward to a leadership role, transferring to a new occupation, receiving specialty training, or taking on increased responsibility.
In order to advance in your career and achieve your goals, you need to not only create a career plan but also develop the skills needed to qualify for your ideal position.

七、汉译英（整句）
52．排队时，务必与他人保持安全距离。（sure）(汉译英)
53．家中要常备手电筒等应急物品，以备不时之需。（in case）(汉译英)
54．正是民间艺术家们的大胆尝试、不断创新，才使传统技艺得到了保护和发展。（It）(汉译英)
55．昨天发布的报告称，目前还缺乏足够的数据来确定不明飞行物究竟是何物。（determine）(汉译英)

八、图表作文
56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
近年来，盲盒（mystery boxes）在学生中受欢迎程度不断攀升。下图为风华中学学生会对高中生购买盲盒情况的调查，根据调查结果为校报写一篇报道，内容必须包括：
1. 简要描述调查结果；
2. 分析造成此现象的原因和你的看法。



参考答案
1．to blame
2．suffering
3．reported
4．where
5．was followed
6．facilitates
7．whether/if
8．in
9．while
10．doesn’t need
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了高质量的睡眠是如何保护你的大脑的。
1．
考查短语。句意：睡眠不好可能是罪魁祸首。be to blame该受责备；应负责任。故填to blame。
2．
考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，缺乏睡眠的大脑无法创造性地思考。名词brain与suffer from之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填suffering。
3．
考查非谓语动词。句意：发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究证实了这一点。名词study与report之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填reported。
4．
考查定语从句。句意：在这项研究中，参与者学习了一项任务，他们必须在被问及的问题中识别出隐藏的模式。句中先行词为task，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
5．
考查时态和语态。句意：他们最初的训练之后是8小时的夜间睡眠或清醒或白天清醒。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。主语training与follow之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was followed。
6．
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：研究人员得出结论：“通过重组新的记忆表征，睡眠有助于获得有表现力的知识和有洞察力的行为。”陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语sleep为不可数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填facilitates。
7．
考查名词性从句。句意：虽然目前还不清楚睡眠不足是否会导致抑郁症，但它可能会使抑郁症恶化。本句为主语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，且有“是否”之意。故填whether/if。
8．
考查介词。句意：研究表明，每晚睡眠时间少于6个小时或超过9个小时的人比睡眠时间介于两者之间的人更容易抑郁。这里表示“在少于6个小时或超过9个小时两者之间”，所以用介词in。故填in。
9．
考查连词。句意：它通过使大脑加强某些神经通路，同时减少不需要的神经通路来做到这一点。结合句意可知，这里用连词while，表示“与……同时”，引导时间状语从句。故填while。
10．
考查时态。句意：例如，你的大脑不需要在你醒着的时候收集每一个感官印象。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语是your brain是单数，所以用第三人称单数。故填doesn’t need。

11．F
12．G
13．B
14．D
15．E
16．K
17．H
18．A
19．I
20．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对太空旅游的批评。
11．
考查副词。句意：太空旅游最初是一个充满希望的概念，重点是增加普通公民访问太空的机会。修饰整个句子，用副词形式。副词initially为“最初”之意。故选F。
12．
考查名词。句意：然而，现代太空旅游产业看起来却有所不同，维珍银河(Virgin Galactic)早期的门票销售从20万至25万美元不等。名词sale为可数名词，前文冠词，所以用复数形式。名词sale为“销售”之意。故选G。
13．
考查副词。句意：显然，这种太空旅行的价格超出了所有人的承受范围，只有极端富有的人才能承受;这是当今对太空旅游的主要批评之一。修饰整个句子，用副词形式。副词obviously为“显然”之意。故选B。
14．
考查名词。句意：航空业分析师罗恩·爱泼斯坦说：“如果你想把价格从25万美元降至四位数，就像航空公司一样，你必须把钱花在更多的人身上。”根据数词four可知，用名词的复数形式。名词digit为“数字；位数”之意。故选D。
15．
考查形容词。句意：目前燃料和能源的成本使得向大批人提供太空旅行变得不可行。make +it +形容词+ to do sth. 使做某事……。形容词feasible为“可行的；可能的”之意。故选E。
16．
考查名词。句意：作家艾伦·拉德维格表示，这一评论并非没有根据，也不是没有历史先例，因为人们对美国国家航空航天局说过同样的话。介词without后接名词形式。名词basis为“基础；根据”之意。故选K。
17．
考查动词。句意：有人批评说，花在太空上的钱应该更好地用于其他社会需求。apply to运用，应用，与money之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据be动词可知，用动词的过去分词形式。故选H。
18．
考查名词。句意：在过去的60年里，这一直是一系列太空活动的争论焦点，而且无论太空旅游发生什么，这都不太可能改变。介词of后接名词形式。名词debate为“争论”之意。故选A。
19．
考查动词。句意：最后，太空旅游因其对环境的影响而受到批评。句中缺少谓语动词，且与主语space tourism之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据is动词可知，用动词的过去分词形式。动词criticize为“批评”之意。故选I。
20．
考查动词。句意：维珍银河已经将这个问题最小化，称其对气候变化的影响很小，并计划投资于未来的可持续燃料。句中缺少谓语动词。根据has可知，用动词的过去分词形式。动词minimize为“将……减到最少”之意。故选C。

21．C
22．B
23．B
24．A
25．D
26．C
27．A
28．D
29．B
30．C
31．A
32．D
33．D
34．B
35．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了公司采用混合工作方式的好处。
21．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大多数情况下，这意味着一些员工在办公室工作，一些员工在工作场所之外工作——要么在家，要么从另一个地方远程工作——还有一些员工可以根据任务、截止日期和个人需求在办公室和远程工作之间灵活切换。A. office办公室；B. enterprise企业；C. home家；D. department部门。根据“some employees working off-site”和“or remotely from another location”可知，在工作场所之外工作包括在家工作或从另一个地方远程工作。故选C。
22．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在大多数情况下，这意味着一些员工在办公室工作，一些员工在工作场所之外工作——要么在家，要么从另一个地方远程工作——还有一些员工可以根据任务、截止日期和个人需求在办公室和远程工作之间灵活切换。A. succeeding in成功；B. depending on依靠；取决于；C. taking on承担；D. setting aside留出。根据“tasks, deadlines, and personal needs.”可知，是在办公室办公还是远程办公取决于任务、截止日期和个人需求。故选B。
23．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当企业采用严重依赖远程优先方法的混合工作模式时，位置的整个概念就被移除了。A. developed发展；B. removed消除；C. defined定义；D. grasped抓住。根据“When businesses adopt hybrid work models, which rely heavily on a remote-first approach,”可知，企业采取混合工作模式时，位置的概念会被移除。故选B。
24．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过使用云解决方案、视频会议技术和类似的工具连接到工作场所，员工不需要亲自到工作场所来完成他们的工作——尽管如果他们愿意的话，他们可以出现在工作场所，或者在面对面交流更适合的场合。A. physically身体上地；B. visually视觉上地；C. instantly立即地；D. properly适当地。根据“By connecting to the workplace using cloud solutions, video conferencing technology, and similar tools,”可知，员工不需要亲自到工作场所就可以完成他们的工作。故选A。
25．
考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：通过使用云解决方案、视频会议技术和类似的工具连接到工作场所，员工不需要亲自到工作场所来完成他们的工作——尽管如果他们愿意的话，他们可以出现在工作场所，或者在面对面交流更适合的场合。A. business商业；B. regular定期的；C. effective有效的；D. face-to-face面对面的。根据“although they can be if they prefer to be,”可知，员工们根据需要，也可以面对面地交流。故选D。
26．
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，当坏天气可能使人们无法进入办公室时，他们仍然可以在家工作。A. In brief简言之；B. Above all首先；C. For instance例如；D. In particular特别。根据“This can offer a number of benefits for both employees and employers.”可知，这里举例介绍混合的工作方式的好处。故选C。
27．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同样，如果发生重大事件需要避开工作场所——就像COVID-19大流行那样——对工作场所的干扰也将最小。A. avoid避免；B. clean打扫；C. attend参加；D. reserve保留。根据“as was the case with the COVID-19 pandemic”可知，像COVID-19大流行需要员工避开聚集的工作场所。故选A。
28．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同样，如果发生重大事件需要避开工作场所——就像COVID-19大流行那样——对工作场所的干扰也将最小。A. considerable重要的；B. continuous连续不断的；C. unnecessary不必要的；D. minimal最小的。根据“if major events make it necessary to _____7_____ the workplace”可知，避开工作场所可以将对工作场所的干扰降到最小。故选D。
29．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，消除地域障碍在招生方面具有极大的优势，使雇主能够接触到更广泛的人才库，更容易找到合格的候选人，并建立更加多样化和包容性的劳动力队伍。A. judgement判断；B. enrollment登记；招收；C. procedure程序；D. management管理。根据“allowing employers to gain access to a wider talent pool, making it easier to find qualified candidates and build a more diverse and inclusive workforce.”可知，企业采取混合工作模式会消除地域障碍，从而可以招收到更优秀的人才。故选B。
30．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：灵活的工作安排现在是求职者最追求的福利之一，采用混合模式的公司在竞争优秀候选人时处于更有利的地位。A. formal正式的；B. wise明智的；C. flexible灵活的；D. complex复杂的。根据“Another major benefit associated with flexible work schedules and the hybrid work model is the ability to make a business more _____12_____.”可知，求职者更喜欢灵活的工作安排。故选C。
31．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：灵活的工作安排现在是求职者最追求的福利之一，采用混合模式的公司在竞争优秀候选人时处于更有利的地位。A. compete for为……争夺；B. put up建造；C. vote for投票赞成；D. comb out移出；清除。根据“With _____10_____ work arrangements now among the top benefits sought after by job seekers,”可知，灵活的工作安排让采用混合模式的公司在竞争优秀候选人时更有优势。故选A。
32．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个与弹性工作时间和混合工作模式相关的主要好处是能够使业务更可持续。 A. fast-growing迅速增涨；B. profitable有益的；C. competitive竞争的；D. sustainable可持续的。根据“This is important because research suggests that employees are more likely to take a job and stay in a job with companies that have a strong environmental agenda.”可知，员工希望通过弹性工作时间和混合工作模式使得业务更可持续性。故选D。
33．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，64%的年轻人表示，他们不会接受没有社会责任承诺的公司的工作。A. Psychologically精神上地；B. Originally起初；C. Eventually最终；D. Additionally另外。根据“This is important because research suggests that employees are more likely to take a job and stay in a job with companies that have a strong environmental agenda.”可知，这里表示更进一步。年轻人不喜欢没有社会责任承诺的公司。故选D。
34．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：混合工作模式对环境造成的最重要的影响是员工之间的出差量大大减少。A. work工作；B. travel旅行；C. research研究；D. cooperation合作。根据“The effects of this are especially significant when there's a long distance between home and work, which requires employees to use their own cars. Fewer people coming into the office is also likely to reduce the carbon footprint associated with the office itself.”可知，混合工作模式减少了员工的来回奔波。故选B。
35．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有这些都可以帮助提高公司的绿色证书，并有助于在求职者和客户眼中把公司定位为一个有远见的公司。 A. multi-national多国的；B. world-famous世界闻名的；C. forward-thinking前瞻性的；有远见的；D. peace-loving爱好和平的。根据“All of this can combine to help improve a company's green certificate”可知，公司的绿色证书会有助于求职者和客户眼中把公司定位为一个有远见的公司。故选C。

36．B
37．A
38．C
39．B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了大堡礁内珊瑚的白化现象，以及造成这种现象的原因。
36．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Diving in the Great Barrier Reef, he was shocked by the scene before him. "The reef was made up of healthy corals and badly bleached white corals, like the beginnings of a ghost city," he says. Just months before, the same site was filled with colorful tropical life.”（在大堡礁潜水时，他被眼前的景象惊呆了。“珊瑚礁由健康的珊瑚和严重白化的珊瑚组成，就像一座鬼城的开始，”他说。就在几个月前，同一地点还充满了丰富多彩的热带生物。）可知，Peter Harrison看到珊瑚这么快就受到如此严重的破坏，所以感觉很震惊。故选B项。
37．
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“When this occurs, the algae may die or be removed by the coral, a process known as bleaching because the coral's clear tissue and white calcium carbonate skeleton are exposed. If the coral can't reestablish its link with algae, it will starve or become ill.”（当这种情况发生时,珊瑚的藻类可能死亡或被去除，这一过程称为漂白。这是因为珊瑚的组织和白色碳酸钙骨骼接触。如果珊瑚不能与藻类重新接触，它就会挨饿或生病。）可知，这一段在讲述珊瑚白化的原因。故选A项。
38．
词句猜测题。根据文章第一段"The reef was made up of healthy corals and badly bleached white corals, like the beginnings of a ghost city," he says.（“珊瑚礁由健康的珊瑚和严重白化的珊瑚组成，就像一座鬼城的开始，”他说）可知，此处“Harrison's ghost cities”指代的是白珊瑚。故选C项。
39．
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段"The absolute key is dealing with global warming," says marine biologist Terry Hughes.（“绝对的关键是解决全球变暖，”海洋生物学家Terry Hughes说）可知，解决珊瑚白化的关键是解决好全球变暖。故选B项。

40．D
41．A
42．C
【分析】
本文是一篇广告布告类阅读。文章主要介绍了顾客购买嘉康利产品的运费和手续费等信息。
40．
推理判断题。根据文章第一行“Save 15% on 3+ Products from Our Good Health Gift Guide(从我们的健康礼品指南中3种以上产品节省15%)”和下面销售产品目录“Nutrition Healthy Weight Beauty Sports Green Home(营养系列 健康体重系列 美容系列 运动系列 绿色家园系列)”可推断，嘉康利是一个销售各种健康产品和服务的公司。故选D。
41．
细节理解题。根据文章Overcharge on Heavier Items中的“The overcharges are $35 for the 5-gallon and $135 for the 30-gallon supply sizes. (5加仑的多收35美元，30加仑的多收135美元。)”和Shipping and Handling Charges—US（except Alaska and Hawaii）表格中STANDARD SERVICE对应的$0.01-$149.99是$8.50。所以如果顾客购买一桶售价118美元的5加仑清洁桶，并提供标准服务，他应该支付118+35+8.5=$161.5。故选A。
42．
推理判断题。根据文章中“Shipping and Handling Charges(运费及手续费)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了顾客购买嘉康利产品的运费和手续费等信息。所以这篇文章主要目的是介绍运费。故选C。

43．B
44．D
45．A
46．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了洞穴壁画的发现和研究。
43．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ They had come to explore a dark, deep hole said to be an underground passage to the nearby manor（庄园）of Lascaux. Squeezing through the entrance one by one, they soon saw wonderfully lifelike paintings of running horses, swimming deer, wounded wild oxen, and other beings—works of art that may be up to 20,000 years old.”（他们是来探索一个又黑又深的洞的，据说这是通往附近拉斯科庄园的地下通道。他们一个接一个地从入口处挤进去，很快就看到了栩栩如生的绘画，有奔跑的马、游泳的鹿、受伤的野牛，以及其他生灵，这些艺术品可能已有两万多年的历史了。）可知男孩们在法国一个很深的洞穴里发现了这些画。故选B。
44．
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“ Here, by unsteadily shining firelight, prehistoric artists drew outlines of cave lions, herds of rhinos（犀牛）and magnificent wild oxen, horses, cave bears. In all, the artists drew 442 animals over perhaps thousands of years, using nearly 400,000 square feet of cave surface as their canvas（画布）”（在这里，史前艺术家们用摇曳的火光勾勒出洞穴狮子、成群的犀牛、壮丽的野牛、马和洞穴熊的轮廓。总共，艺术家们用近40万平方英尺的洞穴表面作为画布，在大约数千年的时间里画了442只动物）可知 figurative art是一种通过使用形状和图案来表达思想或感情的艺术形式。故选D。
45．
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The biggest discovery since Lascaux occurred in December 1994, when three cave explorers laid eyes on artworks that had not been seen since a rockslide 22,000 years ago closed off a large deep cave in southern France”（自拉斯科洞窟以来最大的发现发生在1994年12月，当时三名洞穴探险家发现了一些艺术品，这些艺术品自2.2万年前法国南部一个巨大的深洞被岩崩封闭以来就再也没有出现过）可知直到1994年，肖维家族的画作一直被岩崩封住。故选A。
46．
主旨大意题。文章第一段“ they soon saw wonderfully lifelike paintings of running horses, swimming deer, wounded wild oxen, and other beings—works of art that may be up to 20,000 years old.”（他们很快就看到了栩栩如生的油画，有奔跑的马、游泳的鹿、受伤的野牛，以及其他生灵，这些艺术品可能已有两万多年的历史了。）引出对拉斯科洞穴壁画的发现；后面第二段、第三段和第四段主要讲述洞穴壁画的研究以及世界上最古老洞穴壁画的寻找工作仍在继续。可知文章主要讲述的是寻找洞穴壁画。故选D。

47．E
48．C
49．A
50．F
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过人工智能技术运用到自动驾驶的汽车中，它比七个月的婴儿还聪明。
47．
根据前文“By the age of seven months, most children have learned that objects still exist even when they are out of sight. Put a toy under a blanket and a child that old will know it is still there, and that he can reach underneath the blanket to get it back.(到七个月大的时候，大多数孩子已经知道，物体即使在视线之外也仍然存在。在毯子下面放一个玩具，这个年龄的孩子就会知道它还在那里，他可以伸手到毯子下面把玩具拿回来。)”可知，七个月的婴儿就知道客体永久性。可知，选项承接上文说明解释“客体永久性”的理解的意义是什么。所以选择项E“This understanding of "object permanence", is a normal developmental milestone, as well as a basic principle of reality.(这种对“客体永久性”的理解，是一个正常的发展里程碑，也是现实的一个基本原则。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。
48．
根据前文“This failing is basic to the now-widespread computing discipline that has claimed to be the slightly misleading name of artificial intelligence（AI）. Current Al works by building up complex statistical models of the world, but it lacks a deeper understanding of reality. (这一错误是如今普遍存在的计算学科的基础，该学科自诩为人工智能(AI)，这个绰号有点让人误解。目前的人工智能是通过建立复杂的世 界统计模型来工作的，但它缺乏对现实的更深层次的理解。)”可知，选项承接上文说明基于人工智能缺乏对现实的更深层次的理解，所以人们正在研究此课题。所以选择项C“How to give AI at least some appearance of that understanding—the reasoning ability of a seven-month-old child, perhaps—is now a matter of active research. (如何让人工智能至少具备一些类似的理解能力，比如一个7个月大的孩子的推理能力，也许现在是一个活跃的研究课题。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
49．
根据前句“If an engineer wants a computer to recognize a stop sign, he does not try to write thousands of lines of code that describe every pattern of pixels（像素）which could possibly indicate such a sign. (如果一名工程师想让计算机识别停车标志，他不会尝试编写数千行代码来描述可能表示这一标志的每一个像素模式。)”可知，后文陈述工程师如何编写此程序。所以选择项A“Instead, he writes a program that can learn for itself, and then shows that program thousands of pictures of stop signs. (相反，他编写了一个可以自己学习的程序，然后向该程序展示了数千张停止标志的图片。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。
50．
根据上文“Over many repetitions, the program gradually works out what features all of these pictures have in common. (经过多次重复，程序逐渐找出所有这些图片的共同特征。)”和后句“Cars thus learn how to obey lane markings, avoid other vehicles, hit the brakes at a red light and so on.(汽车因此学会遵守车道标记，避开其他车辆，在红灯时刹车等等。)”可知，这种自学的程序的技术可以应用于汽车中。所以选择项F“Similar techniques are used to train self-driving cars to operate in traffic. (类似的技术也被用于训练在道路上运行的无人驾驶汽车)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
51．Career planning is beneficial to your career development. Firstly, with clear goals, you will become more motivated and find a favorable job. Secondly, the goals can help you seize opportunities to find more suitable jobs. Finally, your promotion can be got by career planning. So making career planning and improving professional skills can help you own an ideal job.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，职业生涯规划有利于你的事业发展。首先，有了明确的目标，你会变得更有动力，并找到一份好的工作。其次，目标可以帮助你抓住机会，找到更合适的工作。最后，你可以通过职业规划来获得晋升。因此，制定职业规划和提高专业技能可以帮助你拥有理想的工作。
【详解】
1 要点摘录
①No matter what stage of your career you find yourself in, career planning can help you establish a focused vision and achieve your full potential in your career.
②Career planning is the process of setting goals for career advancement and creating a roadmap of concrete action steps to achieve those goals.
③First, by establishing a long-term goal to work toward, you'll find clarity in your career path and renewed motivation for your daily boring activities. A career plan can also provide you with an escape route from an unpromising job.
④Career planning will also help you recognize and take advantage of opportunities to advance your career.
⑤Finally, career planning is an effective tool for success in advancing your career.
⑥Benefits of career advancement include earning a higher salary, achieving increased job satisfaction, improving your skills and expertise, and gaining access to exciting new opportunities.
⑦In order to advance in your career and achieve your goals, you need to not only create a career plan but also develop the skills needed to qualify for your ideal position.
2.缜密构思
将第1、4、7几个要点进行重组，将第2、3和5、6几个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Career planning is beneficial to your career development.
Firstly, with clear goals, you will become more motivated and find a favorable job.
Secondly, the goals can help you seize opportunities to find more suitable jobs.
Finally, your promotion can be got by career planning.
So making career planning and improving professional skills can help you own an ideal job.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]Secondly, the goals can help you seize opportunities to find more suitable jobs.运用了不定式作定语。
[高分句型2]So making career planning and improving professional skills can help you own an ideal job. 运用了动名词短语作主语。
52．When queuing, be sure to keep a safe distance from others.
【详解】
考查状语省略和动词短语。表示“排队时”应用When queuing，queue是动词，与在when引导的时间状语从句中，主从句主语为you，可以将主语省略，转换成when doing sth.；表示“务必”应用be sure to；表示“与他人保持安全距离”应用keep a safe distance from others。故翻译为When queuing, be sure to keep a safe distance from others.。
53．Keep flashlights and other emergency supplies at home in case you need.
【详解】
考查祈使句、名词和介词短语。结合和句意可知，主句用祈使句，手电筒等应急物品用名词的复数形式，“手电筒”用flashlights来表示，“应急物品”用 emergency supplies来表示；“以备”用in case来表示，引导目的状语从句，“需要”用need，为从句谓语动词。故翻译为：Keep flashlights and other emergency supplies at home in case you need.
54．It is the bold attempt and continuous innovation of folk artists that protect and develop traditional skills
【详解】
考查强调句式、短语和名词。根据句意，本句用强调句式It is/was +被强调部分+that+其他部分。本句是客观事实，用一般现在时表示，谓语动词用is。表示“大胆尝试”短语为bold attempt，“不断创新”短语为continuous innovation；表示“…的…”用the+名词+of表示，“民间艺术家们”用folk artists；表示“民间艺术家们的大胆尝试、不断创新”用the bold attempt and continuous innovation of folk artists；“才使传统技艺得到了保护和发展”可写成“保护和发展了传统技艺” protect and develop traditional skills；故翻译为It is the bold attempt and continuous innovation of folk artists that protect and develop traditional skills.
55．The report released yesterday said there was not enough data to determine exactly what the UFO was.
【详解】
考查过去分词，宾语从句和时态。分析句意可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，“报告”是the report，“昨天发布的”用过去分词作后置定语，表被动，翻译为released yesterday，“称”是said，“目前还缺乏足够的数据”是there was not enough data，“来确定”用不定式表目的，是to determine，“不明飞行物究竟是何物”是exactly what the UFO was，是what引导的宾语从句，作determine的宾语，故翻译为The report released yesterday said there was not enough data to determine exactly what the UFO was。
56．Recently, our student union has made a survey on the situation of our students buying mystery boxes. 65.3% of the students often buy mystery boxes, while 12.8% of the students never buy. Those who buy them occasionally account for 21.9%.
The reasons behind this may be as follows. Mystery boxes are popular in part because of their cute appearances. The typically cute cartoon figures come in small sizes, making them suitable for display almost anywhere. Even if mystery boxes are not their top choice for decorations, the mystery and uncertainty of the process also attracts students. It's the main reason why students buy mystery boxes one after another.
In my opinion, although buying mystery boxes adds expectation and joy to our lives, most of the goods we buy may not be what we need. The obsession with mystery boxes makes us overconsume, and we need to consume rationally.
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于图表作文，要求考生根据风华中学学生会对高中生购买盲盒情况的调查结果，为校报写一篇报道。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
购买：buy →purchase
经常：often →usually
依我看来：In my opinion →as far as I’m concerned
尽管：although →though
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The typically cute cartoon figures come in small sizes, making them suitable for display almost anywhere.
拓展句：The typically cute cartoon figures come in small sizes, which make them suitable for display almost anywhere.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Those who buy them occasionally account for 21.9%. (运用了who引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] In my opinion, although buying mystery boxes adds expectation and joy to our lives, most of the goods we buy may not be what we need. (运用了动名词作主语和what引导的表语从句)