2022年仁爱版中考英语语法复习讲义—冠词讲解及练习题

这是一份2022年仁爱版中考英语语法复习讲义—冠词讲解及练习题，共8页。试卷主要包含了冠词概述，a和an的区别，不定冠词的用法，定冠词的用法，零冠词的用法，用与不用冠词的差异等内容，欢迎下载使用。
题    目冠词年    级九年级讲 课 人 讲 课 初 衷掌握中考语法复习：冠词讲 课 内 容  一、冠词概述冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目观念，只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者，表示“这”，“那”，“这些”，“那些”的意思，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用 二、a和an的区别不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。常见情况：  通常在元音字母a, e，i, o，u前多用an, 如an adult, an elephant, an island, an orange  字母u 发 / ju: /, 前用a; 如：a university, a usual day, a useful book  字母u发 / ʌ /, 前用an. 如：an unusual day, an umbrella  字母e发 / ju: /,前用a; 如：a European country  首字母h不发音的情况：an hour, an honour, an honest boy另外,在单独一个字母前也用an，如：A / E / F / H / I / L / M / N / O / R / S / X             There is an “m” in the word---music. 三、不定冠词的用法1. 泛指某一类人、事或物；相当于any，这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。2. 表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。 例如：A Mr. King is waiting for you. 一个姓金的先生在等你。3. 表示“每一”，相当于every. 例如，I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。4. 用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。 例如：I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.我已经有三本书，我想买第四本。5. 用在某些固定词组中： a little  a few  a lot(of)  a type of a kind of  a pile a great many in a hurry in a minute  in a word  in a short while  after a while many a  as a rule  have a cold  have a try keep an eye on all of a sudden      四、定冠词的用法1. 特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。2. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 例如：Open the window, please. 请打开窗户。3. 指上文已经提到的人或事物。 例如：I have a car. The car is red. 我有一辆小汽车，它是红色的。4. 指世界上独一无二的事物。  例如：Which is bigger, the sun or the earth? 哪一个大，太阳还是地球？5. 用在序数词，形容词最高级前。 例如：The first lesson is the easiest one in this book. 第一课是这本书最简单的一课。 特例：序数词用作副词：He came first in the race. 他在比赛中的第一。    固定词组中：at first 起初，first of all 首先，from first to last 自始至终6. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 例如：the Great Wall 长城，the United States 美国7. 用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。 例如：the poor穷人，the blind盲人8. 用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。 例如：the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩9. 用在方位词前。 例如:on the left在左边，in the middle of在中间10. 用在乐器名称前。 例如：She plays the piano every day.她每天弹钢琴。11. 用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。 例如：the Black Sea黑海，the Yangzi River长江，the Communist Party of China 中国共产党12. 用在某些固定词组中： all the same仍然； all the time一直； at the moment此刻； at the same time同时； by the way顺便说； do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服； in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上； in the open air 在户外，在野外五、零冠词的用法1. 在专有名词和不可数名词前。 例如：Class Two二班，Tian’an Men Square天安门广场，water水2. 可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my，your，his，her等)、指示代词(this/these，that/those)、不定代词(some，any等)及所有格限制时。3. 复数名词表示一类人或事物时。 例如：They are teachers.他们是老师。    Tigers like meat.老虎喜欢吃肉。4. 在星期，月份，季节，节日前。 例如：on Sunday在周日，in March在三月，in spring在春天，on Women’s Day在妇女节     特例：如果月份，季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时，则要加定冠词：He joined the Army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。5. 在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。 例如：Tom汤姆，Mum妈妈6. 在学科名称，三餐饭和球类运动名称前。 例如：I have lunch at school every day. 特例：当football，basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：  I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。  Where’s the football？那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动”) 7. 在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。 例如：No.25 Middle School8. 有些个体名词不用冠词。 例如：class, bed, school, college, prison, market, hospital, bed, table, class, church, court9. 某些固定词组中不用冠词。 (1)与by连用的交通工具名称前：by bus乘公共汽车；by car乘汽车；by bike骑/坐自行车；by train乘火车；by air/plane乘飞机；by sea/ship乘船，但take a bus，in a boat，on the bike前需用冠词  (2)名词词组：day and night日日夜夜；brother and sister兄弟姐妹;hour after hour时时刻刻；here and there到处 (3)介词词组：at home在家；in surprise惊奇地；at noon在中午;on foot步行；at night在晚上；on duty值日；at work在工作；on time准时；for example例如；on show展览；  (4)go短语：go home回家；go to bed上床睡觉；go to work去上班；go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼六、用与不用冠词的差异go to sea出海go to the sea去海边 on earth究竟on the earth在地球上，在世上 in front of在……(外部的)前面in the front of在……(内部的)前面 take place发生take the place(of)代替 at table进餐at the table在桌子旁 by sea乘船by the sea在海边 in future从今以后，将来in the future未来 go to school(church…) 上学(做礼拜…)go to the school(church…) 到学校(教堂…)去 on horseback骑着马on the horseback在马背上 two of us我们当中的两人the two of us我们两人(共计两人) out of question毫无疑问out of the question不可能的，办不到的 next year明年the next year 第二年 a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)  一、单项选择 1. I'm reading                  novel. It is                  interesting story. A. a; an B. an; a C. the; the D. /; an 2. --- What do you think of                  film you saw last night? --- I think it's                  most interesting film I have ever seen. A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. an; a 3. He gets up early in                  morning, but goes to bed late at                  night. A. the; a B. /; the C. the; / 4. --- Did you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou? --- Yes, I had                   wonderful time. A. a B. an C. the D. / 5. --- Have you got                  e-mail address? --- Oh, yes. Mine is wjb80@yahoo. com. A. the B. an C. a D. / 6. --- Can I help you, madam? --- I'm looking for                  pair of socks for my son. A. the B. an C. a D. some 7. Jumping out of                  airplane at ten thousand feet is quite                  exciting experience. A. 不填; the B. 不填; an C. an; an D. the; the 8.                  population of that country keeps increasing. Now it has                  population of over 100 million. A. The; a B. A; the C. The; the D. A; a 9. Besides the two others,there was still                  third one who said he was                  second to reach the top. A. a; a B. the; the C. a: the D. the; a10. --- Mum, where is my MP5? --- It's in the black box near                  computer. A. a B. an C. / D. the11. --- Who is                  man with glasses? --- Oh, he's our new English teacher, Mr Li. A. a B. an C. the D. /12. --- Excuse me, sir. Which cup is yours? --- Oh,                  small one. A. / B. a C. an D. the 13. Jack likes playing                  soccer, but he doesn't like playing                  piano. A. /; / B. the; / C. the; the D. /; the14. As                  volunteer teacher in the rural area, she has opened up                  students' eyes to the outside world. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a15. This is                  difficult problem that few students can work it out. A. such B. so C. such a D. so a16. --- What should I buy for Tom's birthday? --- How about                  camera? He loves  taking photos. A. a B. an C. the D. /17. In Nanjing, we stayed at a very nice hotel. But I can't remember                  name of it. A. the B. a C. an D. /18. It's not                  good idea to drive for four hours without                  break. A. a; a B. the; a C. the; the D. a; the19. Jack started to work at                  early age because his family was very poor. A. a B. an C. the D. /20. There's                  800-metre-long road behind                  hospital. A. an; an B. a; a C. an; the D. a; the二、用适当的某类词填空用适当的冠词填空，不必填处画 "//m.enxinlong.com/m/"。21. Excuse me, can you tell me                  way to the station?22. What                  bad weather it was yesterday!23. This                  bottle is empty. Could I have                  full one, please?24. Are you all in                  same class?25. There is                  "h",                  "u" and                  "r" in the word "hour".26. Walk down this street, and take                  fourth turning on                  right.27. We give some flowers to our English teacher on                  Teachers' Day.28. Bill likes playing                  chess. He has got                  book on how to play it well.29. Ben Lambert,                  famous French singer, is taking                  long vacation                  this summer!30. Reading in                  bed and reading in                  sun are both bad for your eyes.31.                  Greens are on                  visit to a beautiful city in China.32. Do you like playing                  basketball or playing                  violin in                  afternoon?33. In                  spring of 2012, we planted                  lot of trees.34. His father told him that                  sun rises in                  east and sets in                  west.35. It takes me                  hour and                  half to get to                  station.  三、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)36. 中国儿童6岁上学。Children in China                                                    at the age of six.37. 今天上午有位布朗先生来看你。                 Mr. Brown came to see you                                  .38. 我去拜访他们时，他们正在吃午饭。They were                                   when I called on them.39. 公交车的前部站着一位老人。An old man is standing                                                                     the bus.40. 李明是一名18岁的学生。他在这次竞赛中获得了一枚金牌。Lin Ming is                                   student. He got                  gold medal in                  competition.四、补全短文（共40小题；共40分）A阅读短文,在空白处用适当的冠词填空,不必填处画"//m.enxinlong.com/m/"。        On 41.                 cold morning, I went into 42.                 big sports shop because I wanted 43.                 sports bag. 44.                 assistant came up to me, and I told him what I wanted. 45.                 assistant brought me three different bags. I chose 46.                 smallest one and paid for it. 47.                 assistant put 48.                 bag in 49.                 large plastic bag for me and then I left 50.                 shop.B        When my father and I were visiting 51.                 art exhibition 52.                 other day, we met Mr. Brown, 53.                 old friend of my father's. They hadn't seen each other for about ten years, ever since they're in 54.                 same company. They were happy to see 55.                 each other. Mr. Brown told us he came here to attend 56.                 meeting. He said he was staying in 57.                 hotel near 58.                 railway station and asked my father to go to see him in 59.                 hotel. My father said he would go to see him as soon as he had 60.                 time.C        Sandy Milton, 61.                 friend of mine, wanted to become 62.                 dancer when she was 63.                 girl, and 64.                 every morning before 65.                 school she used to practice in 66.                 living room at 67.                 home. 68.                 dancer needs 69.                 lot of 70.                 exercises, so Sandy used to go to 71.                 gym two or three times 72.                 week. In 73.                 end, she got 74.                 job in 75.                 theatre company and became 76.                 actress. In 77.                 fact, 78.                 last week I saw her in 79.                 programme on 80.                 television!  答案一、单项选择 1. A  2. B  3. C  4. A  5. B  6. C  7. C  8. A  9. C 10. D 11. C 12. D 13. D 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. C 二、用适当的某类词填空21. the22. /23. /, a24. the25. an, a, an26. the, the27. /28. /, a29. the/a, a, /30. /, the31. The, a32. /, the, the33. the, a34. the, the, the35. an, a, the三、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)36. go to school37. A; this morning38. having lunch39. in the front of40. an 18-year-old/eighteen-year-old; a; the四、补全短文41. a42. a43. a44. An45. The46. the47. The48. the49. a50. the51. an52. the53. an54. the55. /56. a57. a58. the59. the60. /61. a62. a63. a64. /65. /66. the67. /68. A69. a70. /71. the72. a73. the74. a75. a76. an77. /78. /79. a80. /