外研版高考英语必修3二轮复习Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChina课件+学案+训练

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Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China一、背单词与词块(一)背阅读单词——会认就行(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)1．principle n．　　　　　　　 原则；准则2．resign vi.   辞职3．bark n.   树皮4．leather n.   皮革5．monk n.   和尚6．category n.   范畴；种类 (二)背重点单词——写对才行1．order n.   秩序2．love n.   仁爱3．soft adj.   柔软的4．fuel_ n.   燃料5．position n.   职位6．condition n.   状况；条件；环境(三)背拓展单词——用准才行1．just adj.公正的→justice n．公正2．honest adj.诚实的→honesty n．诚实3．think v．想，思考，认为→thinker n．思想家4．kind adj.和蔼的；善良的→kindness n．善良5．philosophy n．哲学→philosopher n．哲学家6．advise vi.建议→advice n．建议→adviser n．顾问7．influence n．&v.影响→influential adj.有影响的8．free adj.自由的；空闲的；免费的→freedom n．自由9．important adj.重要的→importance n．重要；重要性10．contribute vi.贡献；捐献；捐助→contribution n．贡献→contributor n．作出贡献者11．invent vt.发明→invention n．发明→inventor n．发明家12．argue vi.争论；争辩；论证→argument n．争论；辩论；议论13．stress vt.强调 n．精神压力；心理负担；紧张；压力→stressed adj.紧张的，感到有压力的→stressful_adj.紧张的，有压力的14．teach v．教，教学→teacher_n．教师→teaching n．(常作复数)教导；学说 15．equal adj.平等的；相等的v.比得上→equally adv.平等地→equality n．相等；平等 [语境活用]1．The adviser firmly advised the boss should adopt the doctor's advice of giving up smoking. (advise)2．Haier is one of the most influential_brands all over the world. It has a far­reaching influence on our life. (influence)3．The architect feels stressed to do the stressful task of rebuilding the old temple under great stress. (stress)4．The honest boy impressed all the employers with his honesty. (honest) 5．All men are born equal,_so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand. (equal)  (四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行 1．equal adj.平等的；相等的；胜任的vt.等于；比得上n.同等的人；相等物 背词条用法(1)be equal to　　　　能胜任；等于(to是介词)(2)equal ... in ...  在……比得上……(3)without equal  无与伦比背写作佳句①We must bear in mind that wasting time is equal to wasting your life.我们必须记住浪费时间等于浪费生命。②My deskmate equals me in English, but her physics is better.我的同桌和我的英语水平差不多，但她的物理比我好。③I think I'm equal to the job because I am capable of communicating with foreigners in English.我认为我能胜任这项工作，因为我可以用英语与外国人交流。 2．order n．秩序；次序；命令；订购；点菜vt.命令；订购；点(饭菜) 背词条用法(1)in order　　　　　　　　　井然有序；适宜；妥当in order to  为了 in order of  以……的顺序out of order  发生故障(2)order sb. to do sth.  命令某人做某事order that ... (should) do  命令……背写作佳句①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ写作)Then, Mrs Meredith searched the Internet and ordered a household popcorn machine.然后，梅雷迪斯太太上网订购了一台家用爆米花机。②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)In order to win the match, we should get fully prepared and practice hard. 为了赢得比赛，我们应该充分准备并努力练习。 3．stress vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安vi.焦虑不安n.压力；紧张；重音；强调；重要性 背词条用法(1)stress the importance of　　强调……的重要性(2)under stress  在压力之下lay/place/put stress on ...  重视……背写作佳句①(2019·北京高考书面表达)And he stressed the importance of working with our own hands.并且，他强调亲自动手劳动的重要性。②At the same time, it is necessary for us to lay stress on the traffic safety.同时，我们有必要重视交通安全。③It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society.宽恕和遗忘也是一种美德，尤其是在这样一个竞争激烈、压力巨大的社会里。 (五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行单元短语再认再现1．more_than　　　　　　　 超过 2．bring_up   养育；抚养 3．in_conclusion   总之4．agree_with   同意；与……相符；适合(某人) 5．be_similar_to_   与……相似 6．be_proud_of   为……自豪 7．become_interested_in   对……感兴趣 8．for_the_first_time   第一次 9．be_at_war_with   与……交战10．a_sense_of_responsibility   责任感重点短语拓展用活1. bring up养育；抚养；教育；提出(话题)；呕吐 背相关短语bring in　　　　引入；赚得；挣得bring out  显现出；使发挥；出版bring about  引起；导致(事故、变化等)bring back  带回；使回忆起某事；使恢复bring down  使……降低；使……倒下背写作佳句①China's reform and opening up have brought about huge change in China. 中国的改革开放给中国带来了巨大的变化。②The sound and smell of the sea brought back memories of the great family vacations when I was a child.大海的声音和气味唤起了我对儿时大家庭度假的回忆。③She was brought up by her grandmother and educated at the local school.她是由祖母抚养大的，在当地一所学校上的学。 2．agree with 同意；与……相符；适合(某人)  背相关短语agree to sth.　　　　　同意(计划、办法、安排)agree on  在……达成一致agree to do sth.  同意做某事agree that ...  同意……背写作佳句①I agree with Susan, whose article reminds me of my best gift, a pen, given by my father, who was a teacher.我同意苏珊的观点，她的文章让我想起了我最好的礼物，一支钢笔，是我的父亲送给我的，他是一名教师。②You can't imagine how excited I was when you agreed to travel to Yunnan with me in July.你无法想象当你答应七月份和我一起去云南旅游时我有多兴奋。 二、背佳句与佳作(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”教材内句式举一反三1．Treat others in the way you want to be treated. (the way作先行词，省略that/in which的定语从句)己所不欲，勿施于人。 佳句①Change the way we view the world, and we'll change our life.改变我们看待世界的方式，我们就会改变我们的生活。佳句②As we know, the earth is in trouble because of the way we are polluting it. 正如我们所知，由于我们污染它的方式，地球正陷入麻烦之中。佳句③I'd like to know the way you think of to improve your handwriting.我想知道你想怎样改进你的书法。 2．Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. (the reason why ... is that ... “……的原因是……”)孟子认为人区别于动物的原因就在于人性本善。 佳句①The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.我们栽种树木的原因是它们能为我们提供新鲜的空气。佳句②The reason why most people like traveling is that they can feel the beauty of the nature and breathe the fresh air at the same time.大多数人喜欢旅游的原因是他们可以感受到自然的美丽，同时呼吸新鲜的空气。 3．However, we do know that in 1092 AD he invented the first real clock. (“do/does/did＋动词原形”表示强调)然而，我们的确知道在公元1092年，他发明了第一个真正的钟表。
佳句①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I do thank him for what he did for me.我确实感谢他为我所做的一切。佳句②We're pleased that she does intend to come.她确实打算来，我们很高兴。 同主题佳句熟读成诵1．Confucius is considered as the greatest of the ancient Chinese sages.孔子被认为是古代中国最伟大的圣人。2．Zheng He, an explorer in Ming Dynasty, is my favorite figure in Chinese history.郑和是明朝的一位探险家，他是我最喜欢的中国历史人物。3．Owing to the fact that he can do whatever he has chosen to do with great perseverance, he has made great achievements in many fields.由于他能够坚持不懈地做他所选择做的任何事情，所以他在很多领域都取得了巨大成就。 (二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵” 本辑学点——感谢信(三)[题目要求]假定你是校学生会主席李华，上周你校组织一个文化交流团到英国某高中进行文化交流，现已回国。请你代表你校交流团给英国活动负责人David写一封信。内容包括：1．感谢对方的招待；2．此行的体验和收获；3．邀请对方暑假来中国体验中国文化。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 [背范文]Dear David，I'm delighted to tell you we have returned to China safely and I'm writing to express our gratitude for your reception.We were impressed with your warm entertainment. Without your help, the journey couldn't have been so successful. We have benefited a lot from the visit. We got such a precious chance to learn about the British culture and history. It also offered us a platform where we could display our traditional Chinese culture like paper­cutting and Chinese paintings to more foreigners. It will arouse people's greater interest in each other's culture and promote cultural exchanges. We are sure to develop a closer friendship as more activities are held.We would like to invite you to visit China this summer holiday, so you can experience the Chinese culture in person and have a deeper understanding of it.Yours，Li Hua [学亮点]1．学高级表达(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：express one's gratitude for, be impressed with, benefit a lot from, such a precious chance, display, arouse people's greater interest, promote等，体现了考生丰富的语言词汇知识。(2)运用高级句式结构，如：虚拟语气的使用Without your help, the journey couldn't have been so successful；定语从句where we could display our traditional Chinese culture ...；as引导状语从句as more activities are held等，使文章的语言表达更有档次。2．学精彩结尾结尾先用We would like to invite you to visit China ...邀请David来中国，接着用表示因果关系的并列连词so引出“亲自体验中国文化”，上下文衔接自然，逻辑清晰。3．防微点失分考生容易因虚拟语气掌握不牢固，把“Without your help, the journey couldn't have been so successful.”表达成“Without your help, the journey couldn't be so successful.”，或把“We got such a precious chance to learn about the British culture and history.”中的such误表达为so，从而导致失分。学案(一)　重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识  [全面练——练清易错微点]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．This kind of cloth feels soft (柔软的) and sells well. 2．As for his advantages, he has 20 years' teaching (教学) experience to draw on.3．The mobile phone has influenced people's life a lot since it was invented (发明)．4．Such a disease can spread (传播) quickly.5．Some positions (职位) require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.6．A principle_(原则) is a general belief about the way you should behave, which influences your behaviour.Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思1．Bark may be used as raw material for paper­making.树皮2．Fairness and justice is the lifeline of the rule of law.公正3．Most air pollution is caused by the burning of fuels like coal, gas and oil.燃料4．Polishing the shoes is a very important step in taking care of leather shoes.皮革5．(熟词生义)She would invent any excuse to avoid seeing people.编造；捏造6．(熟词生义)(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)．..how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries.刺激，加强 Ⅲ.单句语法填空1．Confucius is a great thinker (think) in the history of China.2．Father impressed on me the value of friendliness and honesty_(honest)．3.The Chinese people have made great contributions (contribute) to the world peace.4.Being hard­working is of the highest importance (important) to becoming successful.5．Socrates, the great Greek philosopher (philosophy) and famous educator, was born in Athens, Greece. 6．Charlie Chaplin was not just a genius, he was among the most influential (influence) figures in film history.7．Mary gave Jack so much help that he gave her some roses in return for her kindness_(kind)．8.The inventor (invent) is satisfied to see a number of new products developed after countless efforts.9．Generally, senior citizens enjoy their freedom_(free) and they prefer to live on their own as long as they can.10.Everyone wanted to give their different views on it and an argument (argue) quickly broke out.名师点拨“一站清”(1)make contributions to相当于make a contribution to。(2)be of importance 相当于be important。(3)动词后加­or构成表示“职业”的名词有：creator“创造者”，director“导演”，decorator“装饰者”， editor“编者”， educator“教育工作者”等。(4)注意：argue的名词形式是argument，词尾的字母“e”要去掉。 [重点练——深化高频考点] 1．equal[明其义]adj.平等的；相等的；胜任的 vt.等于；比得上 n．同等的人；相等物 [通其用](1)单句语法填空①Nowadays women are still struggling for true equality (equal) with men.②Today, Black people are not still treated equally (equal). ③A dog's mind is only equal to that of a two­year­old baby. (2)同义替换④Young as he was, John was equal to(＝was_fit/qualified_for) the important task. [解其困]表示“胜任……”的其他常见表达：①be fit for，②be qualified for。2．order[明其义]n．秩序；次序；命令；订购；点菜vt.命令；订购；点(饭菜)[通其用](1)单句语法填空①Being out of order, his computer was sent to the factory.②The servant received an order that the guests_(should)_be_treated (treat) well.③They started early that morning in_order that they might get there before noon.(2)补全句子④In_order_to_learn_a_foreign_language_well,_it is necessary to overcome the fear of making mistakes.为了学好一门外语，有必要克服对犯错的恐惧。 [解其困]order后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语要用虚拟语气“(should＋)动词原形”， should可以省略。3．stress　[明其义]vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安 n．压力；紧张；重音；强调；重要性 [通其用](1)单句语法填空①Too much homework can make us feel stressed (stress) or sad.②Stressful_(stress) environments lead to some unhealthy behavior such as a poor eating habit.③When under stress, even a most gentle person can be bad­tempered and get angry easily.(2)补全句子④What_I_want_to_stress_is_that_we must make proper use of Internet voting.我想强调的是，我们必须正确使用网络投票。 [解其困]stressful是形容事物的，指让人感到“压力重的，紧张的”；stressed是修饰人的，指人感到“焦虑不安，心力交瘁”。 学案(二)　词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力 [词块的验收盘点]Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空more than， bring up， in conclusion， agree with， be similar to， be proud of， become interested in， for the first time1.The word “variety” is_similar_to “kind” in meaning.2.She was well aware that not everyone agreed_with her.3．On a peaceful summer day, he went to swim in the sea for_the_first_time.4．We are_proud_of what our country has achieved in the past seventy years.5．Being_brought_up in a poor family made Tom very diligent when he was still young.6.History is more_than a subject that lets us know something in history, it also tells us a lot of truths.7.Running a company calls for intelligence, patience and a lot of experience.In_conclusion,_it's not an easy thing.8．There was a time when many people_became_interested_in_martial arts under Jin Yong's influence.名师点拨“一站清”(1)be similar to表示“与……相似”，to是介词。(2)agree with sb.除了表示“同意某人”外，还可以表示“适合某人”之意。(3)more than后接名词时，意为“不仅仅”；后接形容词时，意为“很，十分”。(4)表示“总之”的短语除了“in conclusion”外，还有：in a word, in all, in short, in brief等。 Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较for the first time VS the first time 比较①Mary was a shy girl_the_first_time I met her.②There is no feeling on earth like winning for_the_first_time.辨清(1)the first time可以作连词，引导时间状语从句；还可以作名词后接that从句。(2)for the first time是介词短语，意为“第一次，首次，初次”，一般用作状语，修饰谓语动词，可以放在句首，可以放在句末。 Ⅲ.多义比比看——一词多义(写出下列各句中bring up的含义)①Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.教育②He brought up a practical plan in the meeting, which brought down the cost of production.提出③He was drunk and brought up what he had eaten at midnight.呕吐④Brought up in a big city, he found it quite difficult to fit in the countryside.抚养；养育 [句式的验收盘点](一)the way作先行词的定语从句[通其用]补全句子①It is not what he said but the_way_he_said_it that surprised me.让我吃惊的不是他说了什么而是他说话的方式。②The_way_that/which came up at the meeting was unpractical.在会议上提出的方法不切实际。③I think you hurt his pride by laughing at the_way_(that/in_which)_he_speaks_English.我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。 [解其困](1)way表示“方式；方法”时，若从句中缺少方式状语，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉。(2)way后接定语从句时，如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时可以省略，作主语时不可省略。(3)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后可接不定式或of doing sth.形式。(二)The reason why ...is that ...“……的原因是……”[通其用]1．单句语法填空①The reason why he has had such a success is that he never gives up. ②Why don't you believe the reason_that_my car was held up in the traffic jam? 2．补全句子③The reason (that/which)_he_explained at the meeting was that he didn't catch the first bus.他在会议上解释的理由是他没有赶上第一辆公共汽车。 [解其困](1)the reason why ...is that ...，表示“……的原因是……”， 其中why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。(2)the reason that/which ...，表示“……的原因”， that/which引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语或宾语。(3)the reason that ...，表示“……的原因”， that后接同位语从句，解释其内容。(4)reason用作先行词时，首先判断定语从句中缺少什么成分，如果缺少状语，则要用关系副词why或for which引导定语从句， why有时可省略；如果缺少主语或宾语，则要用关系代词that/which引导定语从句， that/which在定语从句中作宾语时可省略，作主语时不可省略。 学案(三)　高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养 2018浙江高考·阅读理解A篇——对接课标主题：对社会有突出贡献的人物(一)精读真题——拓展语言能力　(语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法) [1] published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century — most experts date① the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 — but nobody wanted to do it professionally.The steampowered② printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy (识字) rate in England was under 50%.Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.[2]In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters —③ from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged.Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.[3]How did Dickens get to the top？For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass.Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901；today a casual reader might be able to name④ a halfdozen of them.It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life⑤.It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress.But it's also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one. ［析微点·厚积语言基础］通句式——句子(1)中the year作1812的同位语，there be句型中published作定语修饰novels。①微点拨——名词动用：daten．日期；约会v．确定年代②构词法——合成词猜测词义：根据两个词各自的含义就可以很容易猜测出所构成新词的含义。steam­powered: steam(汽)＋powered(由……驱动的) →steam­powered adj.蒸汽驱动的③微点拨——注意文中的破折号：本文第二段中的破折号起解释说明的作用。破折号后的内容是对前文的解释。④微积累——熟词生义：namen．名字 v．给……命名(熟义)v．说出……的名称；叫出……的名字(生义)⑤微积累——常用短语识记all walks of life各行各业；各界通句式——句子(2)中what 引导宾语从句。其中“made Dickens such a distinguished writer”为make＋宾语＋宾语补足语(名词)的结构，意为“使……成为……”。　 [理脉络——内化读文规律](二)解析真题——感悟素养立意　[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]21．Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A．They were difficult to understand.B．They were popular among the rich.C．They were seen as nearly worthless.D．They were written mostly by women.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，在18世纪，印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，很多作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的、有悖道德的或糟糕透顶的。故选C项。22．Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.A．his reputation in FranceB．his interest in modern artC．his success in publicationD．his importance in literature解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，把他从英国文学的名人堂移除就跟卢浮宫廉价出售《蒙娜丽莎》的感觉一样，可见狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性，由此可推知D项正确。23．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A．To remember a great writer.B．To introduce an English novel.C．To encourage studies on culture.D．To promote values of the Victorian age.解析：选A　写作意图题。根据文中对查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的介绍，和本文最后一句可知，本文写于查尔斯·狄更斯诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念查尔斯·狄更斯这位伟大的作家。 [为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]一、发展思维品质文中第23题主要考查学生的概括性思维。本文通过介绍英语文学史上的泰斗狄更斯的贡献及其历史地位，以此纪念这位文学泰斗。一些考生由于缺乏概括性思维，凭断章取义的思维而往往错选。B、C、D三项以偏概全，B项“介绍一本英语小说”、C项“鼓励研究文学”以及D项“倡导维多利亚时代的价值观”，这三项都不是作者写作本文的目的。考生要在平时学习中注意概括性思维品质的锻炼，不要以偏概全或断章取义。二、聚焦核心价值本文介绍了狄更斯在英国文学中的地位以及他是如何获此殊荣的，以此来纪念这位伟大作家。该篇综合考查了考生在“语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力”四个方面的能力。“文化为先”便是本文的一大特点，旨在引导学生分析和鉴赏文学的能力，提高文学素养，从而传承和弘扬中华民族优秀传统文化和文学遗产。中国作为四大文明古国之一，文学方面创造了许多成就，尤其是中国作家莫言获得了诺贝尔文学奖，更加激励学生继承和发扬中国传统文化。 (三)借力真题——发掘学习能力　Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．You need a complete change, both professionally (profession) and personally.2．He works for a company that publishes (publish) reference books.3．He was casually (casual) dressed in jeans and a T­shirt.4．Chris feels that her ambitious (ambition) nature made her unsuitable for the job.5．He was the most distinguished (distinguish) scholar in this field.Ⅱ.补全句子1．He is so outgoing that he has friends from all_walks_of_life (各行各业的)．2．His determination and consideration made_him_a_good_leader (使他成为好领导) in the team.3．Can you name_all_the_students (说出所有学生的名字) in your class?Ⅲ.分析长难句　In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones.[句式解构]　本句是含有一个时间状语从句和两个定语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是the world，谓语动词是mourned。其中when引导时间状语从句；who和whose分别引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词first professional writer and publisher。[句意翻译]　1870年，当狄更斯去世的时候，全世界都沉痛悼念这个世界上第一位专业作家和出版商，他声名远扬而受人爱戴，他使小说的出版数量和读者人数急剧增加，他小说中的主人公——从奥利弗·特维斯特到小蒂姆——都被认为是道德的试金石。Ⅳ.主题语境写作你特别喜欢作家查尔斯·狄更斯的作品，尤其是《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twist)，你被故事里面的故事情节和主人公深深吸引以至于把自己幻想成故事的主人公。请你就此情景写一篇小短文。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　参考范文：I am very fond of Charles Dickens' works，especially Oliver Twist. One day, I read the book, I was so absorbed in it that I even forgot to have meals.I was moved by the stories and the little poor boy in the book, and at the same time, I experienced the kindness and the persistence of the little boy，which inspired me a lot. I even imagined I was the little boy who lived a hard life but with the help of the kind people, I found my happiness in the end.课下主题训练对社会有突出贡献的人物Ⅰ.阅读理解When it comes to the greatest inventions of the world, China's name is sure to be mentioned several times. There are hundreds of things which were invented by the Chinese.AlcoholShocked? It was because when they said alcohol I thought about either the US or the UK. China had never crossed my mind. In China, alcohol was made by two legendary persons named Yi Di and Du Kang who belonged to the Xia Dynasty. This period was about 2000 BC－1600 BC. Research says that in ancient China, beer with 4% alcoholic content was widely consumed by people.TeaChina is the proud inventor of tea which was first drunk by Shen Nong, a Chinese emperor around 2737 BC. Tea production was rapidly developed, making tea a popular drink during the Tang and Song Dynasties.The Mechanical ClockHave you ever wondered what on earth we would be doing without any idea of time? A clock really is an invention without which things were incomplete. The credit of making the first mechanical clock goes to ancient China. The first mechanical clock was invented by Yi Xing in the Tang Dynasty. This was during 618 AD and 907 AD.Silk FabricSilk, the favorite fabric of many girls out there, is also a Chinese invention. Although we all know that silk is made by silkworms, it was Chinese people who first invented a way to harvest the silk and then use it to make clothes. The oldest silk which has been found so far is in Henan Province and dates back to 3630 BC.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了中国的四个发明，分别是酒、茶、机械钟和丝绸。1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A．Beer was popular in the Xia Dynasty.B．Yi Di and Du Kang invented alcohol.C．Alcohol was first invented in the US.D．It is well known that alcohol is a Chinese invention.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In China, alcohol was made by two legendary persons named Yi Di and Du Kang who belonged to the Xia Dynasty.”可知，在中国，酒是由夏朝的两位传奇人物仪逖和杜康酿制的。由此可知，仪逖和杜康发明了酒。故选B。2．The author asks the question in Paragraph 4 to show________.A．ancient Chinese inventors were wiserB．many things in our lives are incompleteC．ancient Chinese people never wasted timeD．the mechanical clock is an important invention解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Have you ever wondered ... incomplete.”可知，你有没有想过，如果没有时间观念，我们到底会做些什么？钟表的确是一项没有它，一切就不完整的发明。由此可推知，作者在第四段中提出的问题是为了说明机械钟是一项重要的发明。故选D。3．Which of the following inventions has a longer history?A．Silk fabric.　　　　　 B．Tea.C．Alcohol.  D．The mechanical clock.解析：选A　细节理解题。阅读全文可知，迄今为止发现的最古老的丝绸在河南省，可以追溯到公元前3630年。对比可知，四项发明中，丝绸织物有较长的历史。故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空Being admitted to hospital is boring. Since childhood Kevin Gatlin has been bored by the __1__environments of hospital rooms so he came up with a __2__solution to help with the hospital depressions as a means of making sure that his children were never forced to __3__ the same boredom.Gatlin is the __4__behind Playtime Edventures, featuring dozens of games and lessons for children__5__ to their hospital beds. Several years ago, Gatlin went to__6__ his friend's child in hospital. He got the __7__ for the bed sheets.It was __8__ to see a child spending hours and hours in a plain white room. He __9__how his wife had always played games on his son's bed in order to __10__ him to fall asleep. Gatlin then spent the next two years __11__ the sheets so that children could be entertained from the __12__of their own bed.He also worked with teachers to make the games__13__. “We put together bedsheets and sleep bags that __14__ everything from geography, math, science, grammar, word find games ... all on a three­piece set，” Gatlin said. Up till now, Gatlin knows that his __15__ are being used in 10 different hospitals. But since his customers are able to __16__ the bedsheets to their own local hospitals, that number could be much higher. Therefore, more kids can__17__.Parents can also __18__ the sheets for their own children at home. Catlin hopes that his invention will soon make its way into __19__around the world. So __20__kids lying in bed won't get bored.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Kevin Gatlin受到医院里无聊的孩子的启发，发明了一款床单，让躺在病床上的孩子可以在自己舒适的床上娱乐。1．A.unfriendly  B．dullC．pleasant  D．healthy解析：选B　根据文章首句“Being admitted to hospital is boring.”可知，医院的病房环境很枯燥。故选B。2．A.simple  B．peacefulC．normal  D．complex解析：选A　根据后文可知Gatlin发明了可以做游戏的床单这个简单的方法来帮助缓解医院的压抑。故选A。3．A.escape  B．enjoyC．experience  D．increase解析：选C　根据上文“making sure that his children were never forced to”可知，Gatlin想出这个办法是为了以确保他的孩子们永远不会被迫经历同样的无聊。故选C。4．A.customer  B．competitorC．sponsor  D．inventor解析：选D　根据后文“behind Playtime Edventures, featuring dozens of games and lessons for children”可知，Gatlin是Playtime Edventures公司的创始人。故选D。5．A.addicted  B．restrictedC．devoted  D．accustomed解析：选B　根据后文“to their hospital beds”可知，该公司为许多限制在医院病床上的孩子们提供了游戏和课程。故选B。6．A.train  B．adoptC．visit  D．examine解析：选C　根据后文“his friend's child in hospital”可知，Gatlin去医院探望他朋友住院的孩子。故选C。7．A.inspiration  B．moneyC．material  D．permission解析：选A　句意：他获得了床单的灵感。后来Gatlin发明了游戏床单，可知在那次看望朋友孩子的事情中他获得了灵感。故选A。8．A.boring  B．scaringC．puzzling  D．heartbreaking解析：选D　根据后文“to see a child spending hours and hours in a plain white room”可知，看到一个孩子在一间朴素的白色房间里一小时又一小时地待着，真叫人心碎。故选D。9．A.dreamed of  B．thought aboutC．found out  D．depended on解析：选B　根据后文“how his wife had always played games on his son's bed in order to”可知，Gatlin想到了他的妻子总是在他儿子的床上玩游戏。故选B。10．A.force  B．allowC．help  D．promise解析：选C　他的妻子总是在他儿子的床上玩游戏是为了帮助儿子入睡。故选C。11．A.developing  B．promotingC．advertising  D．producing解析：选A　根据上文“Gatlin then spent the next two years”可知，Gatlin用了两年时间开发出了床单。故选A。12．A.quality  B．sizeC．warmth  D．comfort解析：选D　床单可以让孩子们在自己的床上舒适地享受娱乐。故选D。13．A.professional  B．educationalC．regular  D．profitable解析：选B　根据后文“We put together ... games”可知，这些游戏还具有教育意义，上面包含了学科知识。故选B。14．A.change  B．mendC．cover  D．differ解析：选C　根据后文“everything from geography, math, science, grammar, word find games ...”可知，这款床单内容涵盖了地理、数学、科学、语法、找字游戏等。故选C。15．A.sheets  B．curesC．lessons  D．games解析：选A　根据第三段中可知此处指Gatlin开发的床单被用于10家不同的医院。故选A。16．A.discover  B．connectC．submit  D．donate解析：选D　根据后文“the bedsheets to their own local hospitals”可知，客户可以将床单捐赠给当地的医院，其他选项不符合语境。故选D。17．A.relax  B．benefitC．play  D．recover解析：选B　句意：因此，更多的孩子可以受益。越来越多的游戏床单被捐赠给了当地的医院，因此会有更多的孩子受益。故选B。18．A.buy  B．designC．sell  D．find解析：选A　根据后文“the sheets for their own children at home”可知，此处指父母在家给孩子买这种床单。故选A。19．A.classrooms  B．companiesC．hospitals  D．hotels解析：选C　根据后文“lying in bed won't get bored”可知，Gatlin希望他的发明能很快进入世界各地的医院。这样躺在床上生病的孩子不会感到无聊。故选C。20．A.naughty  B．lonelyC．shy  D．sick解析：选D　根据后文“lying in bed won't get bored”可知，此处指躺在床上生病的孩子。故选D。Ⅲ.语法填空(2021·重庆高三检测)The Internet recently revealed many of China's technological __1__ (improve) when Chinese state media claimed that online shopping, high­speed rail, bike sharing and electronic payment systems are China's “four new great inventions”．Xinhua News Agency said the country deserved credit for the inventions，__2__(compare) them to the inventions of ancient China: compass, gunpowder, paper, and __3__(print). The so­called “four new great inventions” were based __4__ last year's survey conducted by the Silk Road Research Institute. In the survey, China's foreign students from 20 countries near the “Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路)” __5__(ask) to pick China's “four new great inventions” that they wanted their home countries __6__(use). Meanwhile, Chinese students said that they just needed to stay focused on their __7__ (day) job in an effort to make more contributions to our country.Xinhua's article notes that it is Chinese people __8__bring the inventions to the world's top level with their intelligence and creativity. Among them, the “four new great inventions” stand out，__9__have brought people's life much __10__(convenient)．语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的新四大发明——网上购物、高铁、共享单车和电子支付系统，以及它们给人们带来的许多便利。1．improvements　考查名词。分析句子成分可知，空白处作revealed的宾语，有形容词technological修饰，所以要用名词；根据修饰词many可知，此处用复数形式。故填improvements。2．comparing　考查非谓语动词。设空处作方式状语，与主语Xinhua News Agency是主谓关系，所以用现在分词。故填comparing。3．printing　考查非谓语动词。设空处和名词compass，gunpowder，paper并列，所以此处使用动名词。故填printing。4．on　考查介词。固定短语：be based on意为“以……为基础”。故填on。5．were asked　考查动词的时态和语态。根据上文可知，本句用一般过去时态，因为主语China's foreign students和谓语动词ask是被动关系。故填were asked。6．to use　考查非谓语动词。固定搭配：want sb. to do sth.意为“想要某人做某事”。故填to use。7．daily　考查形容词。设空处是形容词作定语，修饰名词job，表示“每天的”，day的形容词是daily。故填daily。8．that/who　考查强调句式。分析句子结构可知，此处是强调句式 it is ...that/who＋其他成分，本句强调主语Chinese people。故填that/who。9．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the “four new great inventions”，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。10．convenience　考查名词。bring sb. sth.“带给某人某物”，名词作宾语，convenient的名词是convenience。故填convenience。