专题03-名词（解析版）-备战2022年新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过


考点03 名词（解析版）
【命题趋势】
近几年高考完形填空和语法填空中中对名词的考查一直是重点，且考查范围较广。其命题趋势仍将是：在不同语言环境中去识别词义，进行词义辨析，是高考考查的重点。因此，考生不仅要弄清词义，而且也要把握好语言环境，在单项填空、完形填空中这类试题会继续出现。建议考生在复习中注意名词的变形和基本用法。

【重要考向】
一、名词的数；
二、名词作定语；
三、名词所有格；
考向一
名词的数
【典例】
【2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空】
The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ______ (human) are.
【参考答案】
考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。

【名词的数提分秘籍】
名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。
1．可数名词的复数
(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加­s；词尾若是s，x，ch，sh，在词尾加­es
desk→desks；dish→dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs
(2)以”辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加­es
study→studies
(3)以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为­ves
leaf→leaves
(4)以字母o结尾的名词，多数加­s
piano→pianos
(5)单、复数同形
sheep；deer
(6)单、复数都要加s的名词
works(工厂)；means(方法)
有一些例外情况：
(1)巧记以o结尾加­es的名词：黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。(即Negro，hero，tomato和potato四个词)
(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加­s：海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。
2．不可数名词一般没有复数形式，如果需要表示量，通常要用“a＋表量的概念的名词＋of＋名词”来表示，其中的表量的概念的名词可以根据需要用复数形式
a piece of paper一张纸；several pieces of information几条信息。
通常情况下，抽象名词和物质名词都是不可数名词，如comfort，luck，rain，energy等。
3．一些不可数名词也有复数形式，但词义不同

语意

语意
brains
智力
times
时代
manners
礼貌
hairs
几根头发
goods
货物
sands
沙滩，沙漠
arms
武器
waters
水域，领海
snows
积雪
fruits
水果
glasses
眼镜
papers
论文；试卷；报纸
greens
青菜
customs
海关
pains
努力
woods
树林
4.抽象名词、物质名词具体化
(1)英语中有一类名词在表示泛指意义时，它是一种概念，是不可数名词，但当它们被赋予了具体的含义后，可看作可数名词，一般与不定冠词连用，含有”一个(件、次)……的人或事”。如：
beauty(美，美貌)→a beauty(一个美人或一件美物)
danger(危险)→a danger(一件危险的事或一个危险的人)
failure(失败)→a failure(一件失败的事或一个失败的人)
honour(光荣)→an honour(一个带来荣誉的人或一件带来荣誉的事)
must(必须)→a must(一件必要的事或物)
worry(担心)→a worry(一件令人担心的事或一个令人担忧的人)
pity(遗憾)→a pity(一件可惜的事)
service(服务)→a service(一个服务机构)
smoke(烟)→a smoke(一缕烟)
surprise(惊奇)→a surprise(一件令人吃惊的事)
pleasure(乐趣)→a pleasure(一件有趣的事)
experience(经验)→an experience(一次经历)
(2)物质名词在表示构成物体的基本要素时，是不可数名词，但一旦表示具体物品，就变成了可数名词。如：
coffee(咖啡)→a coffee(一杯咖啡)
sand(沙子)→a sand(一片沙滩)
iron(铁)→an iron(一个熨斗)
water(水)→a water(一片水域)
抽象名词有时还可用复数形式。如：comfort(安慰)→comforts(舒适的设施)；joy(乐趣)→joys(乐事)；difficulty(困难)→difficulties(困难，难做的事)。
还有的用在某些固定短语中，如：have a look(看一下)；a few，a little(一些)；all of a sudden(突然)；make a study of…(对……进行研究)；in a hurry(匆忙)等。
5．有些可数名词抽象为“某一概念”时，便转化为不可数名词
a room(房间)→room(空间)；a word(话，词)→word(消息)；a space(空地)→space(宇宙,空间);go to school/church/bed/ college，etc(去上学/做礼拜/上床睡觉/上大学等)。
6．有些词只用作不可数名词
Fun, advice, news, information, furniture，equipment，baggage/luggage，bread, homework，housework，juice，weather，progress，practice等。
7．常见复合名词的复数
looker­on→lookers­on旁观者；passer­by→passers­by过路人；
father­in­law→fathers­in­law岳父；comrade­in­arms→ comrades­in­arms战友；go­between→go­betweens中间人；grown­up→grown­ups成年人；store­keeper→store­keepers店主；tooth­brush→tooth­brushes牙刷。
8．英语中集合名词的”数”有三种情况
(1)“形单义复”的名词：这类集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：cattle牛；police警察；people人们(作民族、种族讲时复数为peoples)；youth青年人(youths指青年们)。
(2)“形单义单”的名词：这类集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：baggage/luggage行李；clothing衣服；furniture家具；machinery机械；man/mankind人类。
(3)有些集合名词作整体看时，当单数用，谓语动词用单数；作其“成员”解时，当复数用，且形式不变，谓语动词用复数。如：family家；government政府；group组；team队；class班级；audience听众。

考向二
名词作定语
【典例】
【2021浙江卷6月语法填空】
In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ______（marry）ceremony in 1842.
【参考答案】
考察名词。根据句意可知，此处要用名词marriage作ceremony的定语，表示“结婚仪式，结婚典礼”。故填marriage。

【名词作定语提分秘籍】
1．名词作定语时，几乎总是用单数形式(即使在意义上是复数)。如：radio programs电台节目。
2．man/woman作定语修饰名词时，随名词的单复数变化一起变化。如：a man doctor一名男大夫；two men doctors两名男大夫。但girl与boy作定语仍用单数形式，如many boy students许多男学生。
3．还有少数名词作定语时，形式不变。如：a clothes shop一个服装店；a sports man一位运动员；a customs officer一位海关官员；a goods train一列货车；a sales manager一个营销经理；a savings office一个储蓄所。

考向三
名词所有格
【典例】
【2021浙江卷语法填空】
It is calculated by dividing a ______ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
【参考答案】
person’s 考查名词所有格。此空后接名词，且根据句意“它的计算方法是用一个人的体重公斤数除以身高米数的平方……”，故此处填person的所有格形式。
【名词作定语提分秘籍】
英语名词的所有格构成如下：
构成情况
举例
单数名词后加“’s”
a boy’s seat，the student’s bag
以­s结尾的人名只加“’”
Charles’ home
词尾为­s的复数名词后只加“’”
the girls’ names，
Teachers’ Day
表示时间、距离、机构、团体、地名以及可拟人化的名词后加“’s”
today’s newspaper，an hour’s work，China’s industry
数量词(a，two，some，no...)＋名词＋of＋名词所有格
some friends of
my father’s
名词＋of＋名词所有格(往往含有感情色彩)
the lecture of Mr. Yang’s
注意：无生命的名词(能拟人化的名词除外)可用of表示所属关系。[来源:Zxxk.Com]
如：the windows of the classroom，the top of the mountain。
所修饰的名词为“诊所、住宅或其他处所”时，被修饰的名词常省略。如：at the doctor’s(clinic)在诊所；to my uncle’s (house)到我叔叔家；in the manager’s(office)在经理办公室；at the barber’s/tailor’s(shop)在理发店/裁缝铺。
另外，表示并列的名词“共有某物”时，只在最后一个名词后加“‘s”；如果表示“各自所有”，则在每个名词后加’s。如：
Lucy and Mary’s desk露西和玛丽共用的课桌；Lucy’s and Mary’s desks露西和玛丽各自的课桌。



1.【2021全国乙卷语法填空】
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. ______(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填activities。
2.【2021全国乙卷语法填空】
Minimize the impact of ______(visit)the place.
【参考答案】
考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
3.【2021全国乙卷语法填空】
It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ______(develop)of the local areas.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
4.【2021全国甲卷语法填空】
Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ______ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
【参考答案】
考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
5.【2020全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
The far side of the moon is of particular ______ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
6.【2020全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】
Chinese New Year is a ______ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
7.【2020全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
Filled with ______ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
【参考答案】
curiosity 句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
8.【2020新高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
Historical. ______（accurate）is important but so is entertainment.
【参考答案】
accuracy 根据空白处之前的形容词historical及后面的谓语动词is可知，此处应填名词accuracy作句子的主语。
9.【2020浙江卷7月语法填空】
Later, they learned to work with the ______（season）, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate（灌溉）their fields.
【参考答案】
seasons，考查名词单复数。根据后文可知人们在合适的时间种植农产品，即人们开始适应四季变化，因此要用seasons。
10.【2020浙江卷7月语法填空】
For Japan, the ______ (number) are more striking — 22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.
【参考答案】
numbers 根据谓语动词are，可知主语应该用复数。
11.【2019全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ______ (believe) that populations are increasing.
【参考答案】
belief 根据空白处之前的冠词a及后面的同位语从句可知，此处应填名词belief。
12.【2019全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ______（compete）to watch，together with the story behind it.
【参考答案】
competition 根据空白处之前的冠词an和后面的to watch可知，此处应填名词competition。
13.【2019浙江卷6月语法填空】
Other American studies showed no ______ (connect) between uniforms and school performance.
【参考答案】
connection / connections 根据Other American studies showed no …可知此处需要名词，此处可用connection的单数或复数形式作宾语。
14.【2018全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ______ (cause).
【参考答案】
causes 根据句意“每天仅仅跑5-10分钟就能降低所有因素导致的心脏病和早逝的风险”以及all可知，cause用复数形式。
15.【2018全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】
This switch has decreased ______ (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
【参考答案】
pollution 此处作decrease的宾语，应填名词pollution。
16.【2018全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a______ (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
【参考答案】
scientist【构词法】 此处介绍“我”的身份是一位科学家。因此应填scientist。

17.【2018浙江卷6月语法填空】
Making Chinese ______ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
【参考答案】
dishes 名词dish作“饭菜”解时是可数名词，此处表示泛指，故应填dish的复数形式。
18.【2018浙江卷6月语法填空】
Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ______ (weigh) problems.
【参考答案】
weight 这里是指“体重问题”，故应用名词weight作定语。
19.【2018浙江卷11月语法填空】
One study showed that ______ (woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely to have children with birth defects.
【参考答案】
women 根据该句后半句中的人称代词they可知，此处应填woman的复数形式。
20.【2017全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side ______ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
【参考答案】
effects 【名词(复数)】根据上文出现的some和下文的overweight and heart disease可知effect应用复数形式。
21.【2017全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】
It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ______ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
【参考答案】
crowds 【名词复数】crowd为可数名词，且由terrible可知，这里强调人多。因此crowd用复数形式。
22.【2017全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】
This development was only possible with the______ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
【参考答案】
introduction【词性转化(动词转化为名词)】根据语境“只有随着电力发动机和电梯的引入，这种改善才有可能”，with 后应接名词作其宾语。
23.【2017全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
She is determined to carry on with her ______ (educate).
【参考答案】
education【词性转化(动词转化为名词)】此处意为“她决定继续她的学业”, 由her可知，因此填education。
24.【2017全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
She has turned down several ______ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
【参考答案】
invitations【名词复数】由修饰词several可知，invitation应用复数形式。
25.【2017浙江卷11月语法填空】
You wouldn't think that a few______ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life, and that's also true for building your vocabulary--you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.
【参考答案】
考查名词单复数。句意：你认为青少年时期几个月的记忆锻炼不够。month为可数名词，且由a few可知month应用复数形式。故填months。
26.【2017浙江卷语法填空】
Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small ______ (carrot) and was about to throw them away.
【参考答案】
考查名词。根据“one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.”，及“a handful of ”，故填carrots。


1.【辽宁省朝阳市建平县2021届高三9月联考】Though making entrance fees compulsory will make museums less accessible to some, many museums do have certain days of the week when ______ (admit) is free.
【参考答案】
考查名词。when ______ (admit) is free是时间状语从句，从句缺乏主语，系动词is是单数，用不可数名词admission（门票费）。故填admission。
2.【重庆市第八中学2021届高三二诊】When working with an amount of ______ (number), an abacus is practically faster, since it has a better “keyboard” than the Western calculators.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：当处理大量的数字时，算盘实际上更快，因为它有比西方计算器更好的“键盘”。an amount of “许多；大量”，后接可数名词时，应该用复数，number为可数名词，故填numbers。
3.【重庆市第八中学2021届高三二诊】Anyway, the small abacus has made an outstanding contribution in the fields of human intellectual development, just as the computer does in today’s______ (social).
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：无论如何，小算盘在人类智力发展领域做出了杰出的贡献，就像当今社会的计算机一样。空格前是today's名词所有格，“当今的”，后接名词作介词in的宾语，故填society。
4.【辽宁省沈阳市2021届高三教学质量监测】As you walk through the quicksand, sometimes you can hear loud noises from beneath your ______ (foot).
【参考答案】
考查名词复数。句意：当你穿过流沙的时候，有时候你能听到脚下两英尺之下的巨大声响。foot“脚”为可数名词，其复数形式为feet，根据设空前your，可知，此处指双脚下，所以用复数。故填feet。
5.【辽宁百校联盟2021届高三质监】According to44.______ (official), the station is operated by a smart brain", a high-tech system that uses big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and the Internet of things to provide various services for visitors while guaranteeing the smooth operation of the station and reducing the energy 45.______ (consume) of the entire building.
【参考答案】
44．考查名词的数。句意：据有关官员介绍，“智慧大脑”是一种高科技系统，利用大数据、云计算、人工智能和物联网为游客提供各种服务，同时保证车站的平稳运行，降低整栋建筑的能源消耗。official为可数名词，此处前文没有冠词，应用复数。故填officials。
45．考查名词。句意：据有关官员介绍，“智慧大脑”是一种高科技系统，利用大数据、云计算、人工智能和物联网为游客提供各种服务，同时保证车站的平稳运行，降低整栋建筑的能源消耗。空处作宾语，表示“消耗”应填名词consumption，表抽象概念，不可数。故填consumption。
6.【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】Spanish sport newspaper Marca noted that Wu has answered those who doubted his move to the club and that “ his quick ______ (adapt) to La Liga (西甲) has surprised many people”.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意同上。由空前his quick可知，此处使用名词，意为“他的快速适应”。故填adaptation。
7.【湖南省永州市2021届高三二模】It is also important to note that the greatest ______ (amaze) of the journey is Chang'e 5's lunar landing site-referred to as the Ocean of Storms-on the near side of the moon, where no probes (探测器) have paid a visit before.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：还需要注意的是，旅程的最大惊奇之处在于嫦娥五号的登月地点-被称为月球附近的风暴海洋-在月球附近，这里没有探测器进行探访过。分析句子可知，空处前为the greatest形容词最高级，根据括号内提示词amaze，所以是名词形式，形容词修饰名词，故填amazement。
8.【湖南省永州市2021届高三二模】It's geologically younger than the sampling ______ (area) of the US and the former Soviet missions, so the new sample will help fill in an important piece of the puzzle of the Moon’s history.
【参考答案】
考查名词的数。句意：它在地质上比美国和前苏联飞行任务的采样区域年轻，因此新的采样将有助于填补月球历史难题中的一个重要部分。根据句子中空处前the sampling，提示词是area，采样区域，所以是复数。故填areas。
9.【湖北省武汉市2021届高三质量检测】About 80% of Chinese characters are composed of smaller ______ (part), which are combined in many different ways to form tens of thousands of hanzi.
【参考答案】
考查名词复数。句意：大约80%的汉字是由较小的部分组成的，这些小部分以许多不同的方式组合起来，形成成千上万个汉字。根据空格前的形容词smaller以及定语从句中的谓语动词are combined可知，此处需要用可数名词part的复数形式。故填parts。
10.【湖北省九师联盟2021届高三质量检测】Finally, he asked the princess to make a ______ (choose): either marry the Rainbow Prince, settle down and give up dancing, or be put into prison for life at the North Pole of the earth.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：最后，他要求公主做一个选择：要么嫁给彩虹王子，安定下来，放弃跳舞，要么被关进在地球北极的终身监狱。根据前面的不定冠词a可知，此处用所给动词的名词形式choice作宾语，且用单数，故填choice。
11.【湖北省九师联盟2021届高三质量检测】To this day, we can still catch her dancing in the northern hemisphere and see ______ (star) falling.
【参考答案】
考查名词复数。句意：直到今天，我们仍然可以看到她在北半球跳舞，并看到星星落下。star此处为可数名词，根据前文many a star及常识可知，是很多星星，故此处用所给名词的复数。故选stars。
12.【湖北省八市2021届高三联考】Shanghai culture is amazing, and the city is filled with smart people, dynamic interactions, a ______ (willing) to move and an appetite for being modern while embracing diversity and creating a business friendly environment.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：上海的文化令人惊叹，这座城市充满了聪明的人，充满活力的互动，人们愿意迁移，渴望现代化，同时包容多样性，创造了一个友好的商业环境。根据空前的a可知，空处填名词，表示“意愿”。故填willingness。
13.【湖北省2021届高三联考】The return capsule of ______ (China) Chang’e 5 probe touched down on its preset landing site in Siziwang banner of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region at 1:59 am on Thursday, bringing back the country’s first samples collected from the moon, according to the China National Space Administration (CNSA).
【参考答案】
考查名词所有格。句意：请看《中国日报》的报道：据国家航天局消息，10日凌晨1时59分，嫦娥五号返回舱成功着陆在内蒙古自治区四子王旗其预定着陆点，带回我国首批月球采样。根据句意可知，此处表示所属关系，应用名词所有格。故填China’s。
14.【湖北省2021届高三联考】It marked the successful______ (conclude) of China’s current three-step lunar exploration program of orbiting and landing, and bringing back samples, which began in 2004.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：这标志着中国从2004年开始的绕月、着陆和带回月球样品的三步探月计划圆满结束。根据空前the及空后of可知，此处为名词所有格，应用名词。故填conclusion。
15.【河北省张家口市2021届高三一模】Derlin Newey was in disbelief. “I don't know what to say, except thank you,” said Newey as he held back ______ (tear) of joy.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意同上。根据句意“忍住喜悦的泪水”可知,用名词复数tears，表示“泪水”。故填tears。
16.【河北省张家口市2021届高三一模】“I'm glad to help him,” said Valdez. “We just need to treat people with ______ (kind) and respect. He stole our hearts.”
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：我们只需要善待他人，尊重他人。因为是作with的宾语,所以要用名词形式。kindness“善良”是不可数名词，故填kindness。
17.【河北省保定市2021届高三模拟】As China’s “mother river”, the peace and ecological environment of the Yellow River is significant to the sustainable ______ (develop) of Chinese nation.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：黄河作为中国的“母亲河”，其和平与生态环境对中华民族的可持续发展具有重要意义。介词to后应用名词作宾语。名词development意为“发展”。故填development。
18.【广东湛江一中2021届高三模拟】Their ______ (able) to learn is compromised, and they may have difficulty developing social skills.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：他们学习的能力就会受到影响。由于代词their修饰，故用名词ability。故填ability。
19.【广东实验中学2021届高三模拟】It is the key time for spring agricultural ______ (activity).
【参考答案】
考查名词数。名词activity为可数名词，故用复数形式。句意：这是春季农业活动的关键时刻。故填activities。
20.【广东省深圳市2021届高三调研】Gan’s company has been a great success and Gan has received lots of awards for her______ (achieve).
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：甘的公司取得了巨大的成功，甘的成就让她获得了很多奖项。空处作宾语，表示“成就”应用名词achievement，此处可用单数也可用复数形式。故填achievement(s)。
21.【广东省六校2021届高三联考】Andrea Dunn at the Cooper Research Institute in Dallas, Texas found patients who did daily 35-minute walks per week experienced a 47% ______ (reduce) in their depression levels.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：德克萨斯达拉斯库珀研究所的安德里亚·邓恩博士进行的一项研究发现，每周每天步行35分钟的患者抑郁水平降低了47%。在动词experienced后应用名词。故填reduction。
22.【广东省六校2021届高三联考】Fears of an inactive lifestyle and piling on the pounds are forcing many to find novel ______ (way) to move the body and stretch their muscles.
【参考答案】
考查名词复数。句意：对不活跃的生活方式和体重增加的恐惧迫使许多人寻找新奇的方式来活动身体和伸展肌肉。人们找到的方式不止一种，所以用名词复数。故填ways。
23.【广州2021届高三一模】Today ______ (visit) can observe a tea ceremony that might be enough to change even the most passionate coffee drinker.
【参考答案】
考查名词的数。句意：今天，游客们可以观摩到一场足以改变最热衷喝咖啡的人的茶道。空处作主语，表示“游客”应用名词visitor，且表示数量大于一应用复数。故填visitors。
24.【广东省佛山市2021届高三质检】But in the past, they were canceled three ______ (time)—once during World War I and twice during World War II.
【参考答案】
考查复数名词。句意：但在过去，它们曾三次被取消——一次是在第一次世界大战期间，两次是在第二次世界大战期间。分析句意，提示词time译为“次数”，此处为可数名词。time前被three修饰，所以应用复数形式。综上，故填times。
25.【广东省佛山市2021届高三质检】Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau called the ______ (decide) "heartbreaking" for athletes, coaches and fans, but he agreed that “this was the right call”.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：加拿大总理贾斯汀·特鲁多称这一决定对运动员、教练和球迷来说“令人心碎”，但他也认为“这是正确的决定”。分析题意，此处的提示词被定冠词the修饰，所以需用名词形式作宾语。此处特指2021奥运延期的决定，应用单数名词。综上，故填decision。
26.【福建省厦门市2021届高三质检】So in many of these cultures, you should take care of what kind of eye contact you initiate with those who are your ______ (superior) or in authority over you, so that you are not thought to be disrespectful or rude.
【参考答案】
考查名词的数。句意：因此，在很多这样的文化中，你应该注意与你的上级或者比你有权的人进行什么样的眼神交流，这样你才不会被认为是无礼或粗鲁的。根据your和are可知此处应用名词复数形式作表语。故填superiors。
27.【福建省龙岩市2021届高三质检】In Aug 2019, Liang won the gold medal at the 45th World Skills Competition in Electronics in Kazan, Russia, which is the biggest vocational education and skills excellence event in the world, organized every second year by the World Skills International with an aim to show the skills and promote career of______ (young).
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：2019年8月，在俄罗斯喀山举行的第45届世界技能大赛电子类比赛中，梁获得金奖，该赛事是世界技能国际组织每两年举办一次的全球最大的职业教育和技能精品赛事，旨在展示青少年的技能和促进职业发展。作介词of的宾语，表示“青少年”应用名词youth，不可数。故填youth。
28.【福建省福州一中2021届高三模拟】Moreover, to achieve better results, the researchers suggest ______ (limit) yourself to gentle jogging rather than fast-pace and tiring distance running.
【参考答案】
考查动名词。句意：这项研究的丹麦研究人员确信，选择这种体育活动可以让我们多活5到6年!此外，为了达到更好的效果，研究人员建议限制自己适度的慢跑，而不是快节奏和累人的长跑。suggest doing sth“建议干某事”是动词固定用法，动名词作宾语。故填limiting。
29.【福建省福州一中2021届高三模拟】They found that the 41. ______ (benefit) of jogging are maximized when done at an average or even slow pace, and just one or two hours of jogging a week can be enough for you to gain success, regardless of your age or 43.______(healthy) condition.
【参考答案】
41.考查名词复数。句意：他们发现，无论你的年龄或健康状况，只要一周一个或两个小时，且最大限度地在平均甚至缓慢的速度完成慢跑，就足以让你获得成功。根据空格后的be动词are可知，此处主语为名词benefit的复数形式。故填benefits。
43．考查名词。句意：他们发现，无论你的年龄或健康状况，只要一周一个或两个小时，且最大限度地在平均甚至缓慢的速度完成慢跑，就足以让你获得成功。根据空格后的名词condition可知，此处应用healthy的名词形式health作定语修饰名词，表示condition的内容。故填health。
30.【福建省福州市2021届高三一模】The ox is considered a symbol of diligence and ______ (sincere).
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：牛被认为是勤奋和真诚的象征。a symbol of diligence and ____4____是名词所有格，此处用名词sincerity（真诚）与and前面的名词diligence保持一致。故填sincerity。
31.【重庆市育才中学2021届高三模拟】But there is a way—taking small ______ (step)and learning new ways of thinking, little by little.
【参考答案】
考查名词的数。句意：但是有一种方法——小步前进，学习新的思维方式，一点一点来。step为可数名词，前面没有冠词，故应用复数形式。故填steps。
32.【重庆市南开中学2021届高三模拟】When he found the tiny crows on the ground, he went to help. Despite the squawks of alarm from the______ (adult),Dahlquist managed to scoop up the chicks and put them back in the nest.
【参考答案】
考查名词复数。句意：尽管成年乌鸦发出了警报，达奎斯特还是设法把小乌鸦抱起来放回了巢里。根据空前定冠词the，所填空应是名词，结合前文提及“parents”，应是复数。故填adults。
33.【重庆市巴蜀中学2021届高三模拟】In China,______（construct）has begun of the country’s first solar highway, in which solar panels are placed underneath transparent concrete.
【参考答案】
考查名词。在中国，中国第一个太阳能高速公路的建设已经开始，在这个高速公路上，太阳能板被放置在透明的混凝土下面。用名词做主语，construct（建设）是动词，故答案为construction。
34.【重庆市巴蜀中学2021届高三模拟】The solar highway is a 2 km stretch（一段）of road ______（lie）on the Jinan City Expressway, and it’s divided into three layers.
【参考答案】
考查现在分词。这条高速公路是济南市高速公路上的一条2公里长的公路，它被分为三层。此处是现在分词做后置定语，故答案为lying。
35.【重庆市巴蜀中学2021届高三模拟】The see-through concrete protects a set of solar panels of two ______size）.
【参考答案】
考查名词复数。这种透明混凝土保护了一套两种尺寸的太阳能电池板。根据two可知此处名词用复数形式，故把size改成sizes。
36.【山东省青岛市2021届高三质检】Tai Chi provides the mental relaxation and physical ______ (fit).
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：太极拳能使人精神放松，身体健康。根据形容词physical可知此处要用名词，作句子宾语，fitness是不可数名词。故填fitness。
37.【山东省菏泽市2021届高三模拟】Quaedvlieg-Mihailovicis, who heads the heritage group Europa Nostra, noted the ______（important） of such respect.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：遗产组织Europa Nostra的负责人Quaedvlieg-Mihailovicis指出了这种尊重的重要性。由句子结构和句意可知，空处需用名词，表示“……的重要性”。note为及物动词后接名词作宾语。故填importance。
38.【辽宁省辽阳市2021届高三模拟】In 1956, West Virginia native Marian McQuade was trying to plan a celebration for the elderly______ (member) of her community.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：1956年，西弗吉尼亚州本地人玛丽安·麦奎德(Marian McQuade)试图为她所在社区的老年成员策划一场庆祝活动。elderly为形容词作定语，修饰名词，member为可数名词，此处指“老年成员”，是一个群体，需用名词复数形式。故填members。
39.【辽宁省辽西地区2021届高三大联考】Another benefit of cycling is that you may be more creative and full of energy once you get to work, which will improve your______ (perform).
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：骑车的另一个好处是，一旦你开始工作，你可能会更有创造力，充满活力，这将提高你的表现。空格前your为形容词性物主代词，后应接名词，perform意为“表演”，动词词性，对应的名词为performance，意为“表现”，为不可数名词，句中指提高你的工作表现。故填performance。
40.【辽宁省葫芦岛市2021届高三模拟】It runs on______ (battery) and is programed to return to where it started from when its passenger gets off.
【参考答案】
考查名词的数。句意：它靠电池供电，并按照程序在乘客下车后返回起点。横线前没有冠词修饰，且battery是可数名词。故填batteries。
41.【江苏省如皋市2021届高三调研】According to the study, the accidents of foreign objects in children is generally attributed to ______ (curious).
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：根据这项研究，儿童遇到异物的意外通常归因于好奇心。空处作宾语，表示“好奇心”应用名词curiosity，表抽象概念，不可数。故填curiosity。
42.【江苏省如皋市2021届高三调研】This is why many toys contain ______ (warn) about small parts.
【参考答案】
考查名词的数。句意：这就是为什么许多玩具都有关于小零件的警告。空处作宾语，表示“警告”应用名词warning，且warning为可数名词，结合上文“many toys”可知数量大于一应用复数。故填warnings。
43.【江苏省南通市通州区2021届高三质量监测】As a result, it provides a terrific full-body workout, improving coordination, flexibility, balance and muscle______（strong).
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：因此，它提供了一个极好的全身锻炼，改善协调，灵活性，平衡和肌肉力量。空处作宾语，表示“力量”应用名词strength，表抽象概念，不可数。故填strength。
44.【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三五调】Kataria Laughter Clubs are popping up in response to people’s need to handle ______ (press).
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：Kataria的笑声俱乐部如雨后春笋般出现，反应了人们处理压力的需要。。handle“处理”为及物动词，后面需要接名词作宾语。press的名词形式为pressure，故填pressure。
45.【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】Through Western color and Chinese painting techniques, Deng has been looking for a crossing between Eastern and Western art ______ (style).
【参考答案】
考查名词的数。句意：通过西方色彩和中国绘画技法，邓文迪一直在寻找一种东西方艺术风格的交叉。表示中西方的艺术形式，名词需用复数。故填styles。
46.【湖南省长沙市一中2021届高三三调】Don't do this in an obvious way because this is annoying，but do it without his awareness of your ______ (intend)．
【参考答案】
考查名词。根据空前的形容词性物主代词your可知，该处用名词形式。句意：不要以明显的方式来做这件事情，因为这很烦人，而是在他(朋友)没有意识到你的意图的情况下做这件事情。故填intention。
47.【湖南省长沙市一中2021届高三三调】Occupy him with ______ (activity)and appointments.
【参考答案】
考查名词复数。根据该句中的“and appointments”可知，空处与此并列，应用名词的复数形式。句意：使他忙于活动和约会。故填activities。
48.【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, Beijing 2022 reported that ______ (construct) of competition venues(场馆) remained on track to be completed by the end of this year.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：尽管2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行，但2022年北京冬奥会比赛场馆的建设仍将在今年年底前完成。介词of前应用名词。故填construction。
49.【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】As global travel restrictions are likely to remain for the coming months, Beijing 2022 organizers have decided to cancel a series of test ______ (event).
【参考答案】
考查名词的数。句意：由于未来几个月全球旅行限制可能仍将继续，北京2022年冬奥会组织者已决定取消一系列测试活动。名词event是可数的，且前面没有限定词，所以应用复数形式。故填events。
50.【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】Many competitors spend big money to get their ______ (hand) on top-performing birds.
【参考答案】
考查名词的数。句意：许多参赛者花高价来获得顶级表演的信鸽。此处为固定短语get one's hands on“获得”。故填hands。
51.【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】But of all the______ (challenge), making good friends might be the most important.
【参考答案】
考查名词复数。句意：但是在所有的挑战中，结交好朋友可能是最重要的。challenge是可数名词，根据空前的all the可知，此处用所给名词的复数。故填challenges。
52.【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】Researchers found that those with strong. close bonds with their friends at age fifteen were more likely to be healthy and happy later. Importantly, ______ ( popular), defined as lots of people liking you generally but not closely, wasn't found to have the same benefit as close friends.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：重要的是，受欢迎——被定义为很多人喜欢你但不是很喜欢你——并没有被发现和亲密的朋友有同样的好处。分析句子可知，空格处为句子主语，此处应用所给形容词popular的名词形式作主语。故填popularity.
53.【湖北省武汉外国语学校2021届高三调研】With all the evidence he gathered, John Snow was able to announce with ______ (certain) that polluted water carried the virus.
【参考答案】
考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，with为介词，后需用名词作宾语，故此处填certainty。
54.【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021届高三质检】A video of Xiong Linghao, an 18-year-old blind girl playing Beethoven's Pathetique Sonata in an international youth piano ______ (compete) in Shanghai, went popular online.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：近日，一段18岁盲女熊凌浩在上海国际青少年钢琴比赛上演奏贝多芬《悲歌》的视频在网上走红。冠词an后应用名词，所以应用名词competition（比赛）。故填competition。
55.【河北省2021届高三模拟】Jupiter is also a planet full of ______ (puzzle).
【参考答案】
考查名词的数。句意：木星也是一个充满谜题的行星。puzzle为可数名词，根据空前的“full of”可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。故填puzzles。
56.【河北省2021届高三模拟】When the spacecraft finally retires, its Earth-bound pilots will send it on a path to dive to its ______ (dead) into the Jupiter's atmosphere.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：当这艘宇宙飞船最终退役时，地球上的领航员将把它送上一条通往木星大气层的死亡之路。its为形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，故此处应用名词death，表抽象概念，不可数。故填death。
57.【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调】Following his recent rise to fame, Rizea has been asked by many ______ (city), including the capital of Romania to transform their old tree trunks into works of art.
【参考答案】
考查名词的数。句意：随着其声名鹊起，许多城市都要求Rizea将其古老的树干改造成艺术品，其中包括罗马尼亚首都。city为可数名词，由many修饰应用复数形式故填cities。
58.【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调】In spite of his obvious talent, the Romanian ______ (art) recently got into art school in order to fully master woodcarving.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：尽管天赋出众，这位罗马尼亚艺术家最近还是为了全面掌握木雕技艺而考上了艺术学校。空处作主语，表示“艺术家”应用名词artist，此处为特指Gabi Rizea这个艺术家应用单数。故填artist。
59.【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三三调】The sky is dotted with kites of different ______ (design), such as dancing butterflies, bounding dragons, and swimming fish.
【参考答案】
考查名词的数。句意：天空点缀着各种不同设计的风筝，有飞舞的蝴蝶，跳跃的龙，还有游泳的鱼。“different（不同的）”修饰可数名词的复数形式，故填designs。
60.【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三三调】The traditional Chinese kite expresses ______ (harmonious) between human and nature, a long – held belief treasured by the Chinese people.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：传统的中国风筝表达的是人与自然的和谐，这是中国人长期保有的珍贵信仰。故填harmony。
61.【广东省华南师大附中2021届高三调研】After the party I was told by the fellow teacher that American women have a special saying about ______ (birth).
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：聚会结束后，同事老师告诉我，美国女性对于生日有一种特殊的说法。此处缺少名词作介词about的宾语，根据句意可知此处表示“生日”，birthday是可数名词，此处用复数表泛指，故填birthdays。
62.【福建省福州一中2021届高三调研】A pedestrian lane runs more than 4,000 ______ (meter) through the tropical forest, ensuring close contact with nature.
【参考答案】
考查名词。句意：一条人行道穿过热带森林，长达4000多米，保证了与自然的亲密接触。根据设空前4000，可知应用名词复数。故填meters。