人教版 (2019)Unit 4 Natural disasters学案设计

这是一份人教版 (2019)Unit 4 Natural disasters学案设计，共12页。

范文诠释
[教材原文]
The Daily News
TSUNAMI HITS ASIA：
OVER 6，500 DEAD
By Rbert Wdhuse Mnday, 27 December 2004
The mst pwerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed int castlines acrss Asia yesterday, killing mre than 6，500 peple in Indnesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least fur ther cuntries.Fishermen, turists, htels, hmes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strng earthquake that reached a magnitude f undersea quake struck arund 7：00 a．m., Sunday ff the west cast f Indnesia's Sumatra Island.In that area alne, at least 1，870 peple were killed.
In Sri Lanka, sme 1，600 kilmetres west f the quake centre, the number f deaths std at 2，498, and ne millin mre were affected by the tsunami, gvernment fficials said.Indian fficials said as many as 1，900 had been killed alng the suthern cast.Anther 254 were fund dead in Thailand and 54 in three ther cuntries.In suthern Thailand, 1，900 peple were hurt and many mre were missing, lcal fficials said.“I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my hme. We had t leave everything and run t safety，” said Chandra Theeravit, a lcal Thai wman.
Thusands f peple are still missing, and the number f deaths is expected t grw even higher ver the next few days.Freign aid is being rganised fr the tsunami­hit cuntries.Hwever, dangerus cnditins and damaged rads will make it difficult t deliver fd and supplies.
[名师论道]
[学语言]
第一段
1.本段第二句中用“sweep”一词要比使用“wash”更合适，形象地表达出了海浪造成破坏的严重程度。
2.本段第一句中使用了 that引导的定语从句(that crashed int castlines ...)，现在分词短语作状语(killing mre than 6，500 peple ...)；第二句使用了过去分词短语作定语(caused by the strng earthquake ...)以及that引导的定语从句(that reached a magnitude ...)，这些高级句式的运用使得文章精彩纷呈。
第二、三段
1.文中第三段第一句中用“Thusands f”一词表达了海啸危害的人数之多。
2.第二、三段主要使用了被动语态；be ding , make＋it＋形容词＋t d sth等高级句式彰显了较强的语言功底。
[学结构]
第一段主要从总体上介绍了海啸发生的时间、地点及破坏程度，各句之间衔接紧凑，逻辑清晰。
第二、三段主要运用and, hwever等衔接词从细节方面详细介绍了海啸造成的破坏。
写作技法
一、题型特点
概要写作是一种要求阅读和写作并重的英语高考新题型，有准确性、完整性、概括性、客观性、个体性等特点。概要写作提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生在对原文阅读后根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。概要所用语句既要用词准确、结构合理、语意连贯、不得抄写原文，又要完全概括出文章的中心大意。
二、注意事项
1.词数限制在60词左右，上下限不得超出10个单词。
2.要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。
3.人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致，但必要时也可变换成第三人称。
4.写作时尽可能地使用复合句，必要时可转换词性，不得完全照搬、照抄原文。
三、写作步骤
第一步：归纳主旨大意(含段落大意)
概要写作的第一步便是通读全文，进而提取主旨大意，即有关文章的主要内容或作者在该文中的观点或主张。
阅读语篇时，根据不同文体的文章可采取以下方法：
第二步：提炼关键词汇
1.细读各个段落，找出关键词，区别段落中哪些是main ideas，哪些是supprting ideas, examples 和additinal infrmatin。通常是在与文章主旨相关的句子中提炼关键词。正确找出关键词汇是概要写作最重要的前提和保障。
2.不要包括过多详细的信息、细节性的信息，如数字、举例等不必一一列出。
第三步：合并和改写
1.合并信息首先需要对信息进行分类、整合，找到信息之间的联系，再将联系紧密的信息合并在一起。同一层级的主旨句不宜合并在一起，但如果联系紧密，且没有支持的细节信息，可以考虑合并。
2.在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式的改写，对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现大规模地改变(改词、换句型)。
第四步：核查成文
核查连贯性，优先考虑使用最短连接词(but, then, later, finally, besides, thus, therefre, yet); 核查标点和语法；核查词数，并最终连句成文。
[仿佳作·找差距]——巧借外力，事半功倍
[题目要求]
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Yur hunger desn't necessarily mean yu are really hungry.It is an imprtant sign f what is happening in yur bdy — physically, emtinally and mentally.Sunds strange? It is true and here in this article we shall discuss certain things that yur hunger is trying t tell yu.
When yu feel hungry, try t figure ut if yu are really hungry.Smetimes when yu think that yu are hungry, yu might be thirsty.It is pssible that yu have been dehydrated (脱水) fr a lng time and yur bdy is sending a signal thrugh yur hunger.S instead f eating, g fr water and quench yur thirst at the earliest.
If yu feel hungry all the time, it culd mean that yu are depriving (剥夺) yurself f certain fds and hence the bdy is craving fr these.If yu are n a strict diet, then g fr fds and legumes rich in prtein alng with cmplex carbhydrates (碳水化合物) like quina and brwn rice that will take yu a lng time t digest and will keep yu full fr a lng perid f time.
Yu might get hungry fr a certain kind f fd nly at times.This is because yu becme emtinal abut certain fds.Fr example, if yu are happy and celebrating yur anniversary, yu might end up having a desire fr the cake that yu brught t celebrate the special ccasin.This is called emtinal eating.
Smetimes yur hunger might mean that yu need t take a break.When yu end up wrking at a stretch, and yu d nt realise that yur bdy needs rest, yu can end up feeling hungry as it is a way yur bdy is telling yu t break free frm wrk.
Smetimes when yu are bred r stressed ut, yu might feel hungry.It is the bdy's way f telling yu that yu need a change f scene.G ut, take a walk, talk t yur dearest friend r simply take sme deep breaths.Even after this, if yu feel hungry, d eat.
[仿写步骤]
Step 1 归纳主旨大意
主旨大意：文章主要介绍了饥饿的五个信号。这些信号产生的时候我们不一定是真的饿了，可能是你的身体有别的需求。
文章结构：
Paragraph 1：
Things yur
hunger is trying
t tell yu eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(Paragraph 2： yu might be thirsty,Paragraph 3：yu are lacking in certain fds,Paragraph 4：yu becme emtinal abut, certain fds,Paragraph 5：yu need t take a break,Paragraph 6：yu are bred r stressed ut))
Step 2 提炼关键词
Paragraph 1：
1．Yur hunger desn't necessarily mean yu are really hungry.
2．We shall discuss certain things that yur hunger is trying t tell yu.
Paragraph 2：
3．Smetimes when yu think that yu are hungry, yu might be thirsty．
Paragraph 3：
4．If yu feel hungry all the time, it culd mean that yu are depriving yurself f certain fds and hence the bdy is craving fr these.
Paragraph 4：
5．Yu might get hungry fr a certain kind f fd nly at times.
6．This is called emtinal eating．
Paragraph 5：
7．Yur hunger might mean that yu need t take a break．
Paragraph 6：
8．Smetimes when yu are bred r stressed ut, yu might feel hungry．
Step 3 合并和改写
1．要点1和2
合并：Yur hunger desn't necessarily mean yu are really hungry.Hwever, it is trying t tell yu ther things.
改写：Many factrs can explain why yur hunger desn't necessarily mean yu are really hungry.
2．要点3和4
合并：Being thirsty r having a desire fr certain fds may make yu feel hungry.
改写：When yu are thirsty r having a desire fr a certain fd, yu will feel hungry．
3．要点5和6
合并：Smetimes, yu might get hungry fr a certain kind f fd, which is called emtinal eating.
改写：Yu might be hungry when yu becme emtinal abut certain fds n sme special ccasins.
4．要点7和8
合并：Other factrs, such as lack f rest r being bred r stressed ut, make yu feel hungry.
改写：Lack f rest r feeling bred r stressed ut can als lead t yur hunger．
Step 4 核查成文
核查连贯性，优先考虑使用最短连接词；核查标点和语法；核查词数并最终连接成文。
Many factrs can explain why yur hunger desn't necessarily mean yu are really hungry.(要点1)First, when yu are thirsty r having a desire fr a certain fd, yu will feel hungry.(要点2)Besides, yu might be hungry when yu becme emtinal abut certain fds n sme special ccasins.(要点3)Mrever, lack f rest r feeling stressed ut can als lead t yur hunger.(要点4)
1．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞
(教材p.54)The mst pwerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed int castlines acrss Asia yesterday ...
昨天，40年来最为强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带。
crash int/nt ... 撞到……里/上
with a crash轰隆一声
[佳句] A lt f passengers were killed in the train crash.
许多旅客在火车相撞事故中丧生了。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The car crashed nt a big stne and burst int flames.
②The tree fell with a great crash all f a sudden.
[写美] 补全句子
③A plane crashed yesterday n the muntain near the city.
昨天一架飞机在城市附近的山上坠毁了。
2．wave n．海浪；波浪；挥手vi.& vt.挥手；招手
(教材p.54)Fishermen, turists, htels, hmes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strng earthquake that reached a magnitude f 9.0.
渔民、游客、旅馆、住房和汽车都被9.0级强震引发的巨浪卷走。
wave gdbye t sb 向某人挥手告别
eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(wave t/at sb,give sb a wave)) 向某人挥手
[佳句] She refused the ffer with a wave f her hand.
她摆摆手拒绝了这一提议。
[练透] 单句语法填空/补全句子
①The pliceman waved the driver t stp (stp).
②I waved gdbye t him, but he ignred me.
我向他挥手告别，但他不理我。
[写美] 一句多译
③公共汽车开走时，他向我们挥了挥手。
→He waved t/at us as the bus drve ff.(wave v．)
→He gave us a wave as the bus drve ff.(wave n．)
3．strike vi.& vt.(struck, struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打；突然想到n.罢工；罢课；袭击
(教材p.54)The undersea quake struck arund 7：00 a．m., Sunday ff the west cast f Indnesia's Sumatra Island.
海底地震在周日上午7时许在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近海域爆发。
(1)be struck by ... 被……打动
eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(sth strikes sb,It strikes sb that/hw/wh­...)) 某人突然想起……
(2)be/g n strike举行罢工
[佳句] All the internatinal students were deeply struck by my intrductin.
所有的国际学生都被我的介绍深深地迷住了。
[练透] 写出下列句子中strike的词性及含义
①The visitrs were struck by the beauty f the West Lake.vt.迷住
②That area was struck by a snwstrm.vt.侵袭
③They were n strike fr higher pays.n.罢工
[写美] 一句多译
④我忽然想到我告诉他们的电话号码是错的。
→It struck me that the phne number I had tld them was wrng.(strike)
→It ccurred t me that the phne number I had tld them was wrng.(ccur)
→It hit me that the phne number I had tld them was wrng.(hit)
4．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表
(教材p.54)Hwever, dangerus cnditins and damaged rads will make it difficult t deliver fd and supplies.
然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物质补给将非常困难。
(1)deliver sth (t sb) (给某人)递送/传送某物
(2)deliver a speech发表演讲/致辞
eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(be delivered f a baby,give birth t a baby)) 生孩子
deliver a baby接生
[佳句] The nurse delivered the twins safely last night.
昨天晚上那位护士安全地接生了一对孪生儿。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①It was very cnsiderate f yu t deliver milk t ur dr every mrning.
②I wnder why yu refused t deliver (deliver) my letters t my hme last week.
[写美] 补全句子
③He delivered the pening speech at the pening ceremny f the 2018 Wrld Cup.
他在2018年世界杯的开幕式上致了开幕词。
5．(教材p.55) effect n．影响；结果；效果
(1)have an effect n/upn 对……产生影响
cme int effect生效
side effect副作用
(2)effective adj.有效的；有影响的
[佳句] While nline shpping has changed ur life, nt all f its effects have been psitive.
尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但并不是所有的影响都是积极的。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The measures taken by the lcal gvernment will cme int effect next mnth.
②In my pinin, g utdrs and play team games with yur friends, which is an effective (effect) way t get rid f anger.
[写美] 补全句子
③There is n dubt that reading bks can have a gd effect n the children．
不可否认，读书会对儿童有良好的影响。
1．句型公式：be ding sth when ...正在做某事这时……
(教材p.54)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my hme.
我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，这时海水开始灌入屋内。
when在此处是并列连词，表示“正在那时，这时”，常用句型有：
be ding sth when ... 正在做某事这时……
be abut t d sth when ...＝be n the pint f ding sth when ... 正要做某事，这时……
had just dne sth when ... 刚做过某事这时……
[佳句] Last Mnday, I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an ld man fall ff his bicycle.
上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。
[练透] 补全句子
①She was walking alng the bank f the river when she heard a cry fr help.
她正沿着河岸走，这时她听到呼救声。
②I had just turned n the cmputer when my parents came back.
我刚刚打开电脑，这时我父母回来了。
[写美] 句型转换
③Seated in the classrm, I was n the pint f taking my bks ut when suddenly I became frzen.
→Seated in the classrm, I was abut t take my bks ut when suddenly I became frzen.
2．句型公式：make＋it＋形容词/名词(宾语补足语)＋t d/that从句
(教材p.54)Hwever, dangerus cnditins and damaged rads will make it difficult t deliver fd and supplies.
然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。
(1)make＋it＋形容词/名词＋不定式/that从句，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式或that从句。find、 feel、 think、 take等动词也有这样的用法。
(2)make＋宾语＋宾语补足语，宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、过去分词、介词短语、不带t的不定式等。
[佳句] T make it easy t get in tuch with us, yu'd better keep this card at hand.
为了容易与我们联系，你最好将这张卡放在手边。
[练透] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①The plice made the naughty guy stand (stand) against the wall.
②The man spke ludly t make himself heard (hear).
③I find it is hard t remember these wrds in a shrt time.
→I find it hard t remember these wrds in a shrt time.(it作形式宾语)
[写美] 补全句子
④I must make it clear that I will make every effrt t win the medal.
我必须表明，我会尽全力赢得奖牌。
[点津] 当“make＋宾语＋d sth”变为被动语态时，不定式符号t要加上。
维度一：品句填词
1．Her beauty struck (打动) him deeply and he decided t marry her.
2．There is a summary (总结) at the end f each chapter.
3．Several hurs later，the little by was rescued with the aid/help (帮助) f the plice.
4．They asked the little by t sweep(打扫) the rm clean.
5．There were s many gds n 11 Nvember and it tk a lng time t deliver (递送) them.
6．The driver lst cntrl f the car by accident and crashed (碰，撞) int a tree.
7．It is very imprtant t keep calm when an earthquake breaks ut.
8．In the car crash yesterday, nly ne f the five peple survived．
维度二：单句语法填空
1．Althugh it lks smething like a vlcanic eruptin (erupt), this is actually a picture f a dust strm.
2．I have t believe that encuragement is s pwerful (pwer) that it can change a persn.
3．The fish can grw t a length (lng) f fur feet.
4．What's mre, it is anther effective (effect) way t deal with the prblem.
5．D nt have a drink r take drugs t calm yurself (yu)dwn.
6．The mtrcycle ran s fast that it crashed int the fence.
7．A man in the river was shuting and waving (wave) his arms arund desperately.
8．Heavy flds struck (strike) the Suth last week, causing great damage t the lcal peple.
9．Milk is delivered (deliver) t ur dr every mrning.
10．In the past few years, the village has taken (take) n a new lk.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1．We all knw that playing with the smartphne fr a lng time has a bad effect n ur eyesight．
我们都知道，长时间玩手机对我们的视力有不好的影响。
2．I was abut t give up when my best friend encuraged me t g n.
我正要放弃，那时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续。
3．And yet，as many as a quarter f the students haven't even finished high schl.
而现在，有多达四分之一的学生甚至都没有完成高中阶段的教育。
4．He didn't cme t attend her birthday party, making her very sad．
他没来参加她的生日晚会，这使她非常伤心。
5．It hit/ccured t/struck me that I shuld buy a necklace fr my mther as a birthday gift.
我突然想到我应该给妈妈买一条项链作为生日礼物。
6．Peple in the west make it a rule t buy Christmas presents fr their relatives and friends.
在西方，人们常在圣诞节给亲朋好友购买礼物。
记叙文
圈出记叙文的六要素(wh、when、where、what、hw、why)；如果是夹叙夹议文，还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意
说明文
找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议
议论文
提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、结论)