2022年高中英语语法梳理--倒装句

2022年高考英语语法知识点梳理--倒装句倒装 一、全部倒装一、全部倒装1.以表示地点、时间和方向的副词开头，后面是动态不及物动词时，用完全倒装动态不及物动词come exist fall follow go lie remain stand be（1）地点副词here，there置于句首时Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。Here is your letter.这是你的信。There goes the bell.铃响了。（2）时间副词now，then置于句首时Now comes your turn.现在轮到你了。Then came the chairman.然后主席出场了。（3）方向副词out，in，up，down，away，back，off，over置于句首时Away flew the birds.鸟飞走了。Out rushed a pack of dogs！ 跑出一群狗。Down jumped the man from the horse.那人从马上跳下来。【提示】 主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。There he comes.他来了。In they came and the meeting began.他们一入场，会议就开始了。2.表示地点的介词短语置于句首时，用全部倒装In front of the farmhouse sat a boy，cutting a stick.农舍前坐着一个小男孩，正在削一根小棍。Between the two buildings stands a tall pine.两座楼之间有棵大松树。Outside the doctor’s clinic were 20 patients.诊所外有20个病人。Behind the farm house was a rice field.农舍后面是一片稻田。倒装 二、部分倒装二、部分倒装1.否定副词及短语置于句首时用部分倒装（1）否定副词barely 几乎不　　　 　hardly 几乎不　　　　　little 几乎没有　　　never 决不not 不　　　　　　 　nowhere 任何地方都不　 rarely 很少地scarcely 几乎不　　　 seldom 很少Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.我们很少在早晨四点起床。Never shall I forgive him.我永远不会宽恕他。Nowhere was the missing key to be found.什么地方都找不到那把掉了的钥匙。Little does he realize how important this meeting is.他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。（2）否定短语at no time 决不　　　not until 直到……才　　　by no means 决不　　　in no case 决不in no way 决不　　　 on no account 决不　　　on no condition 决不under no circumstances 决不In no case should you give up.你绝不能放弃。Under no circumstances would I promise to help him.我决不答应帮助他。By no means should you tell him about it.你绝不要告诉他这事。Not until after the war did he return home.直到战争结束，他才回家。2.“hardly/scarcely ...when，no sooner ...than”句式中，hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首时用部分倒装Hardly/Scarcely had the bell rung when the class began.铃声一响，课就开始。No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.他一到北京便开始工作。3.not only ...but also ...连接两个句子时，not only后的句子用部分倒装，but also后的不倒装Not only did he come，but also he saw her.他不仅来了，而且还见到了她。Not only does she speak Spanish，（but）she also knows how to type.她不但会说西班牙语，还会打字呢。4.“Only+状语（从句）”置于句首时用部分倒装Only after the accident did he have his car inspected.只有在那件意外事件后，他才叫人检查了他的车子。（only+状语）Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.只有在一个人失去自由的时候，才知道自由的可贵。（only+状语从句）【提示】 only引导的短语作主语时句子不用倒装。Only Tom can solve the problem.只有汤姆能解决问题。5.so，neither/nor 开头的句子表示两个同样的情况时用部分倒装（1）肯定式：neither/nor+助动词等+主语Mary likes playing the piano，so does Jane.玛丽喜欢弹钢琴，简也是。He has finished his homework，so have I.他完成了作业，我也完成了。I can swim，so can he.我会游泳，他也会。The first one is good，so is the second.第一个很好，第二个也很好。（2）否定式：neither/nor+助动词等+主语Mary doesn’t like playing the piano，neither/nor does Jane.玛丽不喜欢弹钢琴，简也不喜欢。He hasn’t finished his homework，nor/neither have I.他没完成作业，我也没完成。I can’t swim，nor/neither can he.我不会游泳，他也不会。The first one isn’t good，neither is the second.第一个不好，第二个也不好。【提示】①若第一句中既有实义动词又有情态动词，用It is the same with或So it is with 句式。He was a good worker and worked very hard.So it was with his son./It was the same with his son.他是优秀工作者，工作努力。他儿子也是如此。②若第一句中既有肯定又有否定的情况时，用It is the same with或So it is with 句式。He came late for school，but he was not punished，so it was with me/It is the same with me.他上学迟到了，但未受惩罚，我也是。③“so sb.do” 意为“某人的确如此”；“sb.do so”意为“某人这样做了”。— He works very hard at English.他学习英语很努力。— So he does.他的确如此。He asked me to wait for him，and I did so.他让我等他，我确实等了。6.虚拟条件句中可省略if，再把were，should或had 移到句首，构成部分倒装Were he my friend，I would expect his help.倘若他是我的朋友，我就期待他的援助了。Should it rain tomorrow，I shall stay indoors.如果明天下雨的话，我将呆在屋里。Had he followed my advice，he would have succeeded.假若他从前听我的话，他早就成功了。7.as/though引导的让步状语从句用部分倒装Brave as/though he is，he trembles at the sight of a snake.他虽然勇敢，看到蛇仍然会发抖。Hard as/though he studies，he cannot pass the examination.他虽然非常用功，但仍然考试不及格。Try as/though he would，he could not do it well.他虽然尽了最大努力，但仍不能把它做好。Woman as/though she is，she is courageous.她虽然是女人，却很勇敢。（名词前要省略冠词）8.“so ...that ...，such ...that ...”句式中，so和such置于句首时主句用部分倒装So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.他跑得如此快，以至于远远领先于其他人。（so+adv.置于句首）So easy was the work that they finished it in a few days.工作很容易几天他们就完成了。（so+adj.置于句首）Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him.他像个很和蔼的人，所以我们都相信他。（such+n.置于句首）