2021届高考英语复习之高考真题阅读词块精析（四十四）学案

这是一份2021届高考英语复习之高考真题阅读词块精析（四十四）学案，共10页。

During the rsy years f elementary schl（小学）, I enjyed sharing my dlls and jkes, which allwed me t keep my high scial status. I was the queen f the playgrund. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cl kids. They rse in the ranks nt by being friendly but by smking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jkes n thers, amng whm I sn fund myself.
Ppularity is a well-explred subject in scial psychlgy. Mitch Prinstein, a prfessr f clinical psychlgy srts the ppular int tw categries: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-thers qualities strengthen schlyard friendships, jump-start interpersnal skills and, when tapped early, are emplyed ever after in life and wrk. Then there’s the kind f ppularity that appears in adlescence: status brn f pwer and even dishnrable behavir.
Enviable as the cl kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies shw unpleasant cnsequences. Thse wh were highest in status in high schl, as well as thse least liked in elementary schl, are ＂mst likely t engage（从事）in dangerus and risky behavir.＂
In ne study, Dr. Prinstein examined the tw types f ppularity in 235 adlescents, scring the least liked, the mst liked and the highest in status based n student surveys（调查研究）. ＂We fund that the least well-liked teens had becme mre aggressive ver time tward their classmates. But s had thse wh were high in status. It clearly shwed that while likability can lead t healthy adjustment, high status has just the ppsite effect n us."
Dr. Prinstein has als fund that the qualities that made the neighbrs want yu n a play date-sharing, kindness, penness — carry ver t later years and make yu better able t relate and cnnect with thers.
In analyzing his and ther research，Dr. Prinstein came t anther cnclusin: Nt nly is likability related t psitive life utcmes, but it is als respnsible fr thse utcmes, t. "Being liked creates pprtunities fr learning and fr new kinds f life experiences that help smebdy gain an advantage, ＂ he said.
词块梳理
1：elementary
英[ˌelɪˈmentri] 美[ˌelɪˈmentri]
adj. 基本的；初级的；简单的
双语例句
1.This is experimental elementary schl a stringent schl regulatins.
这是实验小学一条严格的校规.
2.There are nly a few elementary lessns in primary schl.
小学阶段的基础课就那么几门.
3.Their curse f study includes elementary hygiene and medical thery.
他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识.
2：allwed
英[ə'laʊd] 美[ə'laʊd]
adj. [计]容许的
v. 允许( allw的过去式和过去分词 )；承认；酌增；接受
双语例句
1.I was allwed t d whatever I wanted with my life.
我可以自由支配自己的生活。
2.Directrs weren't allwed any prprietary airs abut the prduct they made.
主管们不允许对他们生产的产品以所有者自居。
3.As sn as relatins imprve they will be allwed t g.
一旦关系有所改善，他们就可以获准离开。
3：status
英[ˈsteɪtəs] 美[ˈsteɪtəs , ˈstætəs]
n. 地位；情形，状态；身份
双语例句
1.We all are interested in the status f wrld affairs.
我们都关心世界形势.
2.It was a lavish receptin as befitted a visitr f her status.
这场铺张的招待可算得正适合她这种身份的来访者。
3.They have n wish fr any change in the status qu.
他们不想改变现状。
4：rank
英[ræŋk] 美[ræŋk]
n. 地位，级别；军衔；普通士兵；等级；成员；队列
v. 分等级；排列
adj. 难闻的；糟糕的，疯长的
变形
过去分词：ranked
比较级：ranker
最高级：rankest
现在分词：ranking
过去式：ranked
复数：ranks
第三人称单数：ranks
双语例句
1.He was demted t the rank f rdinary sldier.
他被降为普通一兵.
2.The payment ffered t the rank and file is extremely pr.
列兵的待遇极低.
3.She was lifted frm a captain t the rank f majr.
她从上尉提升为少校.
5：psychlgy
英[saɪˈkɒlədʒi] 美[saɪˈkɑːlədʒi]
n. 心理（学）；思想
变形
复数：psychlgies
双语例句
1.The psychlgy the masses determines tps and bttms f the market.
大众心理决定了市场的顶部和底部.
2.With the increasing develpment f scial psychlgy and research tpics are als increasingly enriched and expanded.
随着社会心理学的日益发展,研究课题也日益丰富和扩大.
3.The feeling r tne f a market ( i . e . crwd psychlgy ).
对股市的感觉或 ( 即人群心理 ) 基调.
6：seeker
英[ˈsi:kə(r)] 美[ˈsikɚ]
n. 搜索者，探求者；搜查人；自动导引的弹头
变形
复数：seekers
双语例句
1.The presence r absence f standing markers indicated the hider's lcatin t the seeker rbt.
这些存在和不存在的标志将会向搜寻者暗示机器人的藏身之处.
2.He was a seeker fr truth.
他是一个追求真理的人.
3.She was primarily a seeker f meaningful existence, a learner.
她不断追求一个有意义的生命.她是一名求道之士.
7：interpersnal
英[ˌɪntəˈpɜːsənl] 美[ˌɪntərˈpɜːrsənl]
adj. 人与人之间的；人际的；人与人之间的关系的；涉及人与人之间的关系的
双语例句
1.Nwadays , peple are paying mre and mre attentin t the interpersnal relatinship in schl.
在学校工作中, 人际关系越来越为人们所重视.
2.Gd appearance, strng interpersnal cmmunicatin and negtiatin skills.
亲和力强,人际沟通技能强,谈判能力强.
3.Excellent interpersnal and cmmunicatin skills t lead by example as a team player and between departments.
良好的人际关系和沟通技能,有良好的团队合作精神.
8：adlescence
英[ˌædəˈlesns] 美[ˌædəˈlesns]
n. 青春（期）
双语例句
1.Psychlgists are dealing with the prblem f maladjusted adlescence and " juvenile delinquency ".
心理学家对付着不适应环境的青少年和 “ 青少年犯罪 ” 的问题.
2.Nw, when I reflect n my adlescence, I can see hw absurd it was.
现在反思自己的青春期, 会看到很多荒谬.
3.In Faulkner's adlescence, American Suth was underging radical scial transfrmatin and cultural shck. "
福克纳青年时期, 美国南方正经历着剧烈的社会变迁与文化震荡.
9：dishnrable
英[dɪs'ɒnərəbl] 美[dɪs'ɒnəəbəl]
adj. 不名誉的
双语例句
1.It is dishnrable t shirk military service.
逃避兵役是可耻的.
2.Gerge has made himself cheap by his dishnrable behaviur.
乔治品行不端,使自己名声扫地.
3.Yu can't deny that Tm has been an idle, wrthless, disslute and dishnrable rgue.
你不能否认汤姆是个游手好闲 、 一钱不值 、 放荡无耻的坏蛋.
10：unpleasant
英[ʌnˈpleznt] 美[ʌnˈplɛzənt]
adj. 使人不愉快的；不合意的；讨厌的；不客气的
变形
副词：unpleasantly
双语例句
1.They've been trying t push all the unpleasant jbs n me again.
他们一直想把所有讨厌的工作再次往我身上推.
2.Her manner seemed unpleasant at first, but she imprved n further acquaintance.
起初她的举止让人很不愉快, 但是经过进一步接触她改了许多.
3.Please dn't remember this unpleasant matter against me.
请别因为这件不愉快的事情而记恨我.
11：cnsequence
英[ˈkɒnsɪkwəns] 美[ˈkɑːnsɪkwens]
n. 结果；重要性
变形
复数：cnsequences
双语例句
1.Let us elabrate a significant cnsequence f this fact.
让我们仔细推敲一下这个事实的一个重要结果.
2.Packing the immediate cnsequence that cncerns nevertheless is the heavy lss f ecnmic interest.
包装不过关的直接后果是经济利益的惨重损失.
3.N matter what the cnsequence will be, yu've already been the winner.
马上要考托了,希望会有好结果,无论如何,我都会坚持到底, 你也是拼了!
12：engage
英[ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ] 美[ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ]
v. （使）参与；吸引；雇用；适应；与…交战；（使）啮合
变形
过去分词：engaged
现在分词：engaging
过去式：engaged
第三人称单数：engages
双语例句
1.That is mre than I can engage fr.
那我可保证不了.
2.Our rders are t engage at nce.
我们的命令是立刻进攻.
3.This bk invites the reader t engage in a dialgue.
本书采用与读者对话的方式.
13：risky
英[ˈrɪski] 美[ˈrɪski]
adj. 冒险的，危险的；大胆的；近乎猥亵的
变形
副词：riskily
比较级：riskier
最高级：riskiest
名词：riskiness
双语例句
1.Cell divisin is very risky business , Campisi bserves.
坎皮西评论道:[胞分裂是件非常危险的事情.
2.Small businesses are a risky undertaking.
小型企业要担很大的风险.
3.Mrever, fr prfessrs hping t advance their careers, the disciplinary apprach is a risky ne.
此外, 对于希望能推进事业发展的教授而言, 跨科目教学要冒一定的风险.
14：aggressive
英[əˈɡresɪv] 美[əˈɡresɪv]
adj. 好斗的，挑衅的；积极进取的；声势浩大的
变形
副词：aggressively
比较级：mre aggressive
最高级：mst aggressive
名词：aggressiveness
双语例句
1.T be hnest, he is t aggressive.
平心而论, 他太倔强了.
2.The dgs are trained t be aggressive.
这些狗被训练得具有攻击性.
3.Yu'd better keep the tw aggressive bys apart.
你最好把那两个好斗的男孩分开.
15：adjustment
英[əˈdʒʌstmənt] 美[əˈdʒʌstmənt]
n. 调整，调节；转变
变形
复数：adjustments
双语例句
1.The prcess f adjustment t life in anther cuntry can be very difficult.
适应另一国家的生活可能会非常困难.
2.Jiangsu prvince prmtes structural adjustment as ecnmy as much again gd luck.
江苏省也同样把结构调整作为经济振兴的又一次机遇.
3.Being due t initial data errrs, the result accuracy frm the ppular adjustment will decrease.
因起算数据误差的存在, 导致了用普通的平差方法求得的结果精度降低.
16：respnsible
英[rɪˈspɒnsəbl] 美[rɪˈspɑːnsəbl]
adj. 有责任的；引起…的；可靠的；责任重大的
变形
比较级：mre respnsible
最高级：mst respnsible
双语例句
1.Ecnmic cnditins may lie respnsible fr the creatin f scial unrest.
经济状况可能是产生社会不安的根源.
2.Meterlgist believe this pressure jump is the mechanism respnsible fr strm and trnad.
气象学家认为这一气压的突然升高是暴风雨和飓风形成的物理机制.
3.Alexander was respnsible fr rehusing them.
亚历山大负责给他们安排新的住所.
17：advantage
英[ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ] 美[ədˈvæntɪdʒ]
n. 有利条件；优势；优点，好处
变形
过去分词：advantaged
现在分词：advantaging
过去式：advantaged
复数：advantages
第三人称单数：advantages
双语例句
1.The fashin sets her figure ff t advantage.
那件时装把她的身段衬托得更加优美.
2.Her Olimpic experience gave her a big advantage ver the ther cntestants fr the final victry.
她的奥运会参赛经历使她比起其他竞技对手在争取最后获胜上具有很大的优势.
3.The advantage f the idea was its simplicity.
这个主意的优点是简单明了.