2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(重庆卷)

这是一份2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(重庆卷)，共11页。试卷主要包含了单项填空，完形填空，阅读理解，写作等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英语试题(重庆卷)
英语试题卷共10页。满分120分。考试时间100分钟。
一、单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
请从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。
例:A computer can only do 　　　 you have instructed it to do. 
　　　　　　　　　　
A.how B.after
C.what D.when
答案是C。
1.A smile costs 　　　,but gives much. 
A.anything B.something
C.nothing D.everything
2.—Why not stay here a little longer?
—　　　,but I really have to go. 
A.Never mind
B.I’d love to
C.Pleased to meet you
D.I can’t find any reason
3.I’ve ordered some pizza,so we 　　　 worry about cooking when we get home tired. 
A.can’t B.dare not
C.needn’t D.may not
4.You’d better write down her phone number before you 　　　 it. 
A.forget
B.are forgetting
C.forgot
D.will forget
5.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras 　　　 to our shop for quality problems. 
A.returning
B.returned
C.to return
D.to be returned
6.I can’t tell you 　　　 way to the Wilsons’ because we don’t have 　　　 Wilson here in the village. 
A.the;a B.a;/
C.a;the D.the;/
7.She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went 　　　 the road. 
A.on B.along
C.from D.off
8.James has just arrived,but I didn’t know he 　　　 until yesterday. 
A.will come B.was coming
C.had come D.came
9.We’ll reach the sales targets in a month 　　　 we set at the beginning of the year. 
A.which B.where
C.when D.what
10.—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay,　　　 you? 
A.mustn’t B.haven’t
C.didn’t D.hadn’t
11.Group activities will be organized after class 　　　 children develop team spirit. 
A.helping
B.having helped
C.helped
D.to help
12.—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah,but I have no idea 　　　 he did it;that’s one of his favorite universities. 
A.when B.why
C.that D.how
13.It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I 　　　 it? 
A.had done B.have done
C.did D.am doing
14.Half an hour later,Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi 　　　 the bus had dropped her. 
A.until B.when
C.although D.where
15.—Jack,I’d like to have your opinions about my written report.
—　　　.But I have one suggestion. 
A.That’s a good idea
B.You are too modest
C.It looks fine to me
D.You should check it first
二、完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
请阅读下面两篇短文,掌握大意,然后从16~35各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。
A
Five months after my husband Steve died,I woke up one morning to the maddening sound of a leaking faucet(水龙头).I knew it needed repairs badly,but it 　16　 me so much just to think of it. 
All our 　17　 life,I was the “artist,”bringing to our house much imagination.Steve was the “　18　” one.He had a real gift for handling chores(家务活),　19　 me from unpleasant repair jobs. 
But how could such a good man have his life cut short so suddenly!I had been so sad and angry that I completely 　20　 the house.That leaky faucet somehow awakened me to the fact that I now had to 　21　 the challenge of getting things fixed. 
I got a workman named Ahmed.Entering the house,he stopped before a picture of Steve and me.“Doesn’t your husband 　22　 this kind of work?”he asked.“It’s not hard.” 
“He died months ago.When he was alive,he did all the repair jobs 　23　,”I said quietly.Ahmed looked at me 　24　,but didn’t reply.He fixed the faucet,adjusted the dishwasher door,and replaced a showerhead.Apparently he was gifted as Steve had been. 
He did a(n)　25　 job.I asked him to name his fee.“No charge,Ma’am,”he said.“My father died early,and the neighbors helped my family through.” 
By fixing a faucet,Ahmed mended my soul.Although I would sure carry the pain of 　26　 with me along,Ahmed reminded me of the abundant 　27　 in the world. 
16.A.hurt B.puzzled
C.cost D.disappointed
17.A.separate B.shared
C.spiritual D.social
18.A.active B.boring
C.careless D.practical
19.A.attracting B.sheltering
C.driving D.prohibiting
20.A.ignored B.hated
C.cleaned D.missed
21.A.come up with B.face up to
C.look forward to D.step away from
22.A.begin B.check
C.like D.find
23.A.gratefully B.firmly
C.bravely D.wonderfully
24.A.strangely B.innocently
C.painfully D.sympathetically
25.A.terrible B.excellent
C.important D.dangerous
26.A.loss B.failure
C.fear D.regret
27.A.friendship B.devotion
C.kindness D.justice

B
Cultural differences occur wherever you go.When visiting another country,you should be aware of those differences and 　28　 them.Here are some 　29　 on how to fit in. 
Every traveler to a foreign country feels 　30　 at some point.What you do can make locals laugh.Your best defense is a sense of 　31　.If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India,locals will warm to you as “that crazy foreigner.” 
Wearing proper clothes is important too,　32　 locals will judge you by what you wear.In some Middle Eastern countries,exposing your flesh is 　33　,especially if you are a woman.So leave your torn jeans at home. 
Also be cautious about expressing 　34　.Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly.In some countries it is 　35　 to kiss in public. 
28.A.reject B.recite
C.respect D.remove
29.A.plans B.tips
C.arguments D.choices
30.A.unsafe B.excited
C.satisfied D.awkward
31.A.relief B.belonging
C.humor D.direction
32.A.but B.for
C.so D.or
33.A.forbidden B.allowed
C.expected D.tolerated
34.A.emotions B.concern
C.interest D.views
35.A.natural B.advisable
C.unwise D.unnecessary
三、阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)
请阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。
A
I was never very neat,while my roommate Kate was extremely organized.Each of her objects had its place,but mine always hid somewhere.She even labeled(贴标签) everything.I always looked for everything.Over time,Kate got neater and I got messier.She would push my dirty clothing over,and I would lay my books on her tidy desk.We both got tired of each other.
War broke out one evening.Kate came into the room.Soon,I heard her screaming,“Take your shoes away!Why under my bed!”Deafened,I saw my shoes flying at me.I jumped to my feet and started yelling.She yelled back louder.
The room was filled with anger.We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call.Kate answered it.From her end of the conversation,I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill.When she hung up,she quickly crawled(爬) under her covers,sobbing.Obviously,that was something she should not go through alone.All of a sudden,a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.
Slowly,I collected the pencils,took back the books,made my bed,cleaned the socks and swept the floor,even on her side.I got so into my work that I even didn’t notice Kate had sat up.She was watching,her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief.Then,she reached out her hands to grasp mine.I looked up into her eyes.She smiled at me,“Thanks.”
Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year.We didn’t always agree,but we learned the key to living together:giving in,cleaning up and holding on.
36.What made Kate so angry one evening?
A.She couldn’t find her books.
B.She heard the author shouting loud.
C.She got the news that her grandma was ill.
D.She saw the author’s shoes beneath her bed.
37.The author tidied up the room most probably because 　　　. 
A.she was scared by Kate’s anger
B.she hated herself for being so messy
C.she wanted to show her care
D.she was asked by Kate to do so
38.How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?
A.By analyzing causes.
B.By showing differences.
C.By describing a process.
D.By following time order.
39.What might be the best title for the story?
A.My Friend Kate
B.Hard Work Pays Off
C.How to Be Organized
D.Learning to Be Roommates

B
There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.Some people believe that they can’t help putting on weight as they get older,while others hold that if they stop exercising,their muscles will turn into fat.Here are some more myths:
I’ll never lose weight—I come from a fat family
Wrong!While we can’t change the body type we are born with,we can’t blame our genes for making us fat.There’s plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families,and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little.
I am fat because I burn calories slowly
Wrong!Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢).In fact,although fat people consume more energy than slim people,they also fail to realize how much they eat!Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.
Exercise is boring
Wrong!Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced and varied program that’s fun as well as progressive.If you enjoy a Sunday walk,take a different route.If you do yoga,try a tai chi class.If you like swimming,set yourself a distance or time challenge.
No pain,no gain
Wrong!Exercise is not meant to hurt.Indeed,pain is your body telling you something’s wrong,and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury.You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly,but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly.If they don’t,rest and seek medical advice.
40.What does the author think about being fat?
A.It is the family genes that make people fat.
B.People are fat because they consume too little energy.
C.A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.
D.It is the consequence of people’s unbalanced lifestyle.
41.According to the author,how can we make exercise more interesting?
A.By taking varied exercise.
B.By choosing simple exercise.
C.By doing regular exercise.
D.By sticking to outdoor exercise.
42.What is the author’s opinion about “No pain,no gain” in exercising?
A.Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience.
B.Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.
C.Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.
D.Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.
43.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To declare the importance of keeping fit.
B.To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.
C.To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.
D.To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.

C
The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly.Sadly,biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid—we simply weigh too much,and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet,resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.
However,several types of animals can walk on water.One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus,a lizard(蜥蜴) native to Central and South America.It can run across water for a distance of several meters,avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water’s surface with its feet.The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward.For humans to do this,we’d need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate “hitting.”
But fortunately there is an alternative:cornflour.By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water(and it does take a lot),you can create a “non-Newtonian” liquid that doesn’t behave like normal water.Now,if the surface of the water is hit hard enough,particles(粒子) in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard.Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step,and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour.
Fun though all this may sound,it’s still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.If you must do it,then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sink—and take a shower afterward!
44.Walking on water hasn’t become a reality mainly because humans 　　　. 
A.are not interested in it
B.have biological limitations
C.have not invented proper tools
D.are afraid to make an attempt
45.What do we know about Basilicus basilicus from the passage?
A.It is light enough to walk on water.
B.Its huge feet enable it to stay above water.
C.It can run across water at a certain speed.
D.Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water.
46.What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage?
A.To create a thick liquid.
B.To turn the water into solid.
C.To help the liquid behave normally.
D.To enable the water to move rapidly.
47.What is the author’s attitude toward the idea of humans’ walking on water?
A.It is risky but beneficial.
B.It is interesting and worth trying.
C.It is crazy and cannot become a reality.
D.It is impractical though theoretically possible.

D
One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest,the next,the air was charged with tension.The elephant had heard the distant alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed.I urged the elephant deeper into the forest.We sounded like a forest fire—crackling,snapping,trailblazing.But through all the noise came a sharp warning cry.The elephant stopped and we heard it again—the tell-tale call of a spotted deer.
I looked quickly around the shadows of the forest.Rays of sunlight shone through tree branches,beneath which the patchwork(交错) of green plants and shadows-within-shadows would make tiger stripes(条纹) look more attractive.Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant’s stomach,the forest was silent.
Gradually,the tension slipped from our bodies.The elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into her mouth.I reached forward and gently moved my hand over the elephant’s neck;there was a soft part,free of wrinkles and hairs,behind her ear.
This was my fourth time to sense the aura of the forest in Corbett,although I saw no tigers in the end.Located at the foot of the Himalayan mountains,Corbett is home to about 135 Bengal tigers,but the forest seemed to be guarding their whereabouts(出没处),a silent reminder of their secrecy and rarity.Still,I was happy enough touching the elephant behind the ear.If I had so desperately wanted to see a tiger,I could have gone to a zoo.After all,spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty;tracking them can make you aware of something more.
48.Which of the following was a clear signal of alarm?
A.The elephant stopped.
B.A spotted deer called.
C.The elephant seized a branch.
D.The forest was silent for a while.
49.The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by 　　　. 
A.describing various sounds
B.comparing different animals
C.listing different activities
D.introducing various plants
50.What does the underlined part “to sense the aura” most probably mean?
A.To see the diversity. B.To enjoy the scenery.
C.To feel the atmosphere. D.To experience the freedom.
51.How does the author feel after several visits to Corbett?
A.Seeing a Bengal tiger is quite thrilling.
B.It is very time-consuming to travel in Corbett.
C.It is really worthwhile to study the animals in Corbett.
D.The process of finding Bengal tigers is most appealing.

E
It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment.They pay $5 for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.
It’s undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions(性情),but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are,as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem,by observing our own behavior.We can be strangers to ourselves.If we knew our own minds,why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior?If our minds were an open book,we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes.Actually,we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.
Moreover,we don’t just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character—we infer characters that weren’t there before.Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us,which we fail to recognize.Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn’t.Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us.We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make,people become what they do,though it may not be in compliance(符合) with their true desires.Therefore,we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut’s advice:“We are what we pretend to be,so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.”
52.According to the passage,personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to 　　　. 
A.determine one’s behavior
B.reflect one’s taste
C.influence one’s surroundings
D.result from one’s habits
53.Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?
A.The return of a wallet can indicate one’s honesty.
B.A kind person will offer his seat to the old.
C.One recycles plastics to protect the environment.
D.One buys latte out of true love of coffee.
54.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?
A.We fail to realize our inner dispositions.
B.We can be influenced by outside pressures.
C.Our behavior is the result of our true desires.
D.Our characters can shape our social relationships.
55.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?
A.Personalities and attitudes.
B.Preferences and habits.
C.Behavior and personalities.
D.Attitudes and preferences.
四、写作(共两个写作任务,满分35分)
写作一(满分15分)
请结合材料,按要求用英文写作。
“My friend falls,I laugh;my phone falls,I cry.”
要求:(1)就此材料发表你的看法;
(2)紧扣材料,有明确的观点;
(3)词数不少于60;
(4)在答题卡上作答。





写作二(满分20分)
青少年研究专家Susan Beacham在自己的英文网站上开辟专栏,邀请大家分享心目中的“最好礼物”。她认为,礼物贵在心意,应为之付出时间和精力。
假设你是李华,请用英文发帖,内容应包括:
●赞同Susan的看法
●你收到或送出的最好礼物是什么
●该礼物的意义
●期待大家回复
注意:(1)词数不少于80;
(2)符合语言规范;
(3)在答题卡上作答;
(4)开头已给出(不计入总词数)。
I am a high school student from China. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

1.C　考查代词。句意:微笑不需要付出什么,但却带给人们很多。由but可知,前后为转折关系,与后文的much相对应,故用nothing。
2.B　考查交际用语。句意:——为什么不在这里多待一会儿呢?——我很想再待一会儿,但是我真的必须走了。根据下文的“but I really have to go”可知,虽然很想留下来,但不得不走。
3.C　考查情态动词。句意:我已经点了一些意大利饼,因此当我们回到家感到很累的话,就不必担心做饭的问题了。can’t“不能”;dare not“不敢”;needn’t“不必”;may not“可能不”。
4.A　考查动词时态。句意:你趁着还没忘,最好把她的电话号码记下来。此处是before引导的时间状语从句,用一般现在时表将来。
5.B　考查非谓语动词。句意:生产商定期来我们商店收回因为质量问题被退回的相机。分析句子结构可知,此处缺少的是定语;cameras与return之间是动宾关系,故用其过去分词形式做后置定语。
6.A　考查冠词。句意:我无法告诉你去威尔逊家的路,因为这个村子里没有一个叫威尔逊的人。第一个空表示特指,所以用the;不定冠词a(n)与名字连用,表示“一个叫……的人”。
7.D　考查介词。句意:她在拐弯处开车速度太快了,车差点儿偏离了道路。go off the road是固定搭配,意为“偏离了道路”。
8.B　考查动词时态。句意:詹姆斯刚到,但我直到昨天才知道他将要来。根据语境可知,此处用过去进行时表示过去将来的动作。
9.A　考查定语从句。句意:我们将在一个月后完成我们在年初定下的销售目标。分析句子结构可知,定语从句中set后面缺少宾语,先行词是the sales targets,故用which引导。
10.C　考查动词时态。句意:——去年夏天我在伦敦待了两周。——那么在此期间你一定参观了不列颠博物馆,对吗?must have done在此处表示对过去情况的肯定猜测,所以反义疑问句用一般过去时。
11.D　考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助孩子们养成团队精神,将在课后组织一些团体活动。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处用动词不定式表示目的。
12.B　考查名词性从句。句意:——昨天迈克拒绝接受来自耶鲁大学的录取通知书是真的吗?——是的,但是我不能理解他为什么这样做;那可是他最喜欢的大学之一。why在此处引导同位语从句。
13.A　考查虚拟语气。句意:打破窗户的是约翰,为什么你跟我说话的样子就好像是我做了这件事?as if后面的从句通常用虚拟语气,从句表示对过去的虚拟,所以用过去完成时。
14.D　考查状语从句。句意:半小时过去了,露西在下公交车的地方仍然没有找到出租车。where在此处引导地点状语从句,表示谓语动作发生的地点。
15.C　考查交际用语。句意:——杰克,我想知道你对我写的报道有什么看法。——我觉得挺好,不过我有一个建议。根据下文“But I have one suggestion.”可判断出,首先对写的报道进行了肯定,然后再提出个人建议。
【语篇导读】作者的丈夫去世了,作者陷入痛苦中不能自拔。不断漏水的水龙头让作者更加伤心,因为这类修理的工作一向都是丈夫的专长。前来干活的工人帮助她修好了水龙头,但是分文不收。作者感受到了来自他人的关爱与温暖,虽然痛苦,但作者会坚强地走下去。
16.A　根据语境可知,空前的it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语just to think of it。根据下文内容可知,修水龙头的活一向是丈夫做的,现在丈夫去世了,一想到这些,作者就非常伤心和烦恼。
17.B　下文描述的是作者和丈夫一起生活的情景。shared意为“共享的,共用的,共有的”,符合语境。separate“各自的,分开的”;spiritual“精神上的”;social“社会的”。
18.D　根据上下文内容可知,作者喜欢想象,而丈夫史蒂夫擅长实干,家务活样样得心应手。
19.B　丈夫擅长做家务,也很勤快,所以在丈夫的庇护下,作者就不必去做那些她不喜欢做的修修补补的事情。shelter在此处是动词,意为“保护,使(某人)免遭(困难,讨厌的事)”。drive“驱使,迫使”;prohibit“禁止”。
20.A　根据上下文内容可知,作者一直沉浸在失去丈夫的痛苦之中不能自拔,完全忽略了房子的问题。ignore“忽视,不理会”;hate“厌恶,仇恨”;clean“打扫”;miss“躲避”。
21.B　现实无法逃避,不断漏水的水龙头在提醒作者,她将不得不面对修理东西的挑战。come up with“提出,想出”;face up to“勇敢地接受或面对”;look forward to“期盼”;step away from“远离”。
22.C　根据语境可知,这名工人不知道作者丈夫去世的事实,所以就问“难道你的丈夫不喜欢干这种工作吗?”。
23.D　根据上文内容可知,作者的丈夫很擅长修理东西,所以作者回答说,他活着的时候,所有这些修理工作干得棒极了。gratefully“感激地”;firmly“坚固地,坚定地”;bravely“勇敢地”;wonderfully“惊人地,极好地”。
24.D　根据下文内容可知,了解到作者的情况,这名工人非常同情她。strangely“奇怪地”;innocently“无辜地,天真地”;painfully“令人痛苦的”;sympathetically“同情地”。
25.B　根据上文“Apparently he was gifted as Steve had been.”可判断,这位工人活干得很漂亮。
26.A　根据语境可知,作者不可能短时间内从失去丈夫的痛苦中走出来。
27.C　根据上文可知,这名工人帮作者做了一些修理工作,但是分文未取,作者感受到世界充满善行和友爱。
【语篇导读】文化差异无处不在,我们要认同并尊重这种差异。为了避免误会和尴尬,作者给我们提供了一些好的建议,包括如何着装和表达情感等。
28.C　根据下文内容可知,作者认为文化差异无处不在,我们应该意识到这种差异并且尊重这种差异。
29.B　根据下文内容可知,作者就如何适应不同的文化提出了一些建议,故选tips“建议,忠告”。
30.D　根据下文“What you do can make locals laugh.”可知,来到异国他乡,难免遇到令人尴尬的情况。
31.C　根据下文的例子可知,为了避免或消除尴尬,幽默感可以派上用场。
32.B　因为当地人将会通过你的着装来评判你,所以穿衣得体很重要。前后两句之间存在因果关系,故选for。
33.A　根据常识可知,在一些中东国家,身体过于暴露是被禁止的,尤其是女性。forbid“禁止”;allow“允许”;expect“期盼”;tolerate“忍受”。
34.A　根据下文两句内容可知,在异国他乡,表达情感的方式也要特别小心谨慎。
35.C　上文提到表达情感要小心谨慎,与之相对应,此处表示在有些国家,当众接吻是不明智的行为。
【语篇导读】作者与室友在生活习惯上有天壤之别,作者特别邋遢,而室友特别整洁有条理,两人生活在一起难免有摩擦。但是偶然发生的一件事让作者明白了友好相处的秘诀。
36.D　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知,那天晚上,凯特非常生气,因为作者把鞋子放到了她的床下。
37.C　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.”可推断出,作者主要是想通过收拾房间这种行为表达对凯特的关心。
38.B　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,该段主要通过对比的方式说明两个人在生活习惯方面的巨大差异。
39.D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,最后一段最后一句起到了画龙点睛的作用,点明了文章的主旨,即:学会成为室友。
【语篇导读】关于肥胖和锻炼,人们一直有一些错误观点。作者就四种常见的错误说法进行了分析和解释,澄清了事实真相,为人们减肥和锻炼指明了方向。
40.D　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句和第三段最后一句可推断出,作者认为肥胖的原因在于人们不均衡、不健康的生活方式。
41.A　细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知,使锻炼变得更加有趣的关键就是要让你的锻炼方式多样化,因为任何事情反复做都会令人感到厌倦。
42.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推断出,在锻炼过程中如果感觉持续疼痛应该停止锻炼,休息一会儿然后去看医生。
43.B　主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知,文章的主要目的是纠正一些关于肥胖和锻炼的错误观点,澄清一些事实。
【语篇导读】人们一直对在水面上行走的想法很感兴趣,但是水面无法承受人体的重量,所以这一梦想至今未能实现。有一种理论认为,如果把玉米淀粉加入水中,让水变得黏稠,人类也许真的可以在水面上行走。
44.B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知,人类在水面上行走的想法无法实现的主要原因是生物的局限性:人们的身体太重,水面无法承受这种压力。
45.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第三、四句可知,这种生活在中美洲和南美洲的蜥蜴能够以20步/秒的步频在水面飞跑。这样的步频能达到一定的速度。
46.A　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句和最后一句可推断出,这种玉米淀粉的作用是让液体变得黏稠。thickening agent“增稠剂”。
47.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可推断出,作者认为,人类在水面上行走的想法是不切合实际的,虽然这一想法在理论上似乎可行。
【语篇导读】作者去科比特国家公园寻找孟加拉野生虎,虽然这一过程充满了危险、神秘和惊悚,而且毫无结果,但是作者却乐此不疲,觉得寻找老虎的过程最有趣。
48.B　细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句中的“a sharp warning cry”以及it所指代的“the tell-tale call of a spotted deer”可知梅花鹿的叫声是一种警告的信号。
49.A　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,作者主要是通过描述各种各样的声音开始讲述他的森林之旅的。
50.C　推理判断题。根据上文,特别是第一、二段可推断出,画线部分指的是“感觉到那种氛围”。
51.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“After all, spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty; tracking them can make you aware of something more.”可推断出,作者觉得发现孟加拉虎的过程最吸引人。
【语篇导读】通常认为,一个人的行为方式受到其个性及态度的影响,但作者认为事实并非如此。我们的有些行为其实是受到周围人们的压力和影响不得已而为之,而并非发自内心。
52.A　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知,人们通常认为,一个人的行为是受到其个性和态度的影响,也就是说,个性和态度决定一个人的行为。
53.A　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知,人的行为来源于内在性情,这是无可争辩的事实,杜伟·波恩认可这一点。因此“归还钱包表明一个人是诚实的”符合这种说法。
54.B　推理判断题。根据画线句子的意思以及前后两句的内容可推断出,我们的行为有的时候并非发自内心,而是由于受到周围压力的影响,不得已而为之。
55.C　主旨大意题。文章开篇点题,第一段就点出了探讨的话题,那就是行为与个性的关系。