2022年九年级中考英语语法知识梳理 - 地点、原因、条件、目的状语从句教案
展开2022年九年级中考英语语法知识梳理地点、原因、条件、目的状语从句地点状语从句在句中表示地点的状语从句称为地点状语从句。引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where,wherever。1.where引导地点状语从句where引导地点状语从句表示“……的地方”。如:We live where the road crosses the river.我们住在河流与道路交叉的地方。注意:“where ...,there be ...”是一个含有地点状语从句的句型,意为“哪里……,哪里就……”。如:Where there is a will,there is a way.哪里有意志,哪里就有办法(有志者事竟成)。Where bees are,there is honey.蜜蜂在哪里,哪里就有蜂蜜。2.wherever引导地点状语从句wherever引导地点状语从句,意为“在……的任何(所有)地方”。如:You can sit wherever you like.你可以坐在你喜欢的任何地方。You can put the book wherever you like.你可以把那本书放在你喜欢的任何地方。条件状语从句在句中表示条件的从句叫条件状语从句。条件状语从句常用if和unless引导。1.条件状语从句的引导词及用法(1)if引导条件状语从句if引导条件状语从句意为“如果”,表示一种假设的条件。如:You can leave now if you like.如果你愿意现在就可以走了。If you study hard,you will pass the final examination.如果你努力学习,你就会通过期末考试。注意:if还可以引导宾语从句。if引导宾语从句意为“是否”,引导条件状语从句意为“如果”;引导宾语从句时可以使用将来时,引导条件状语不能使用将来时,而是用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用一般过去时代替过去将来时。如:The teacher asked if your father would come to attend the meeting.老师问你父亲是否来参加会议。(if引导宾语从句)He will phone your father if you are late again tomorrow.如果你明天再迟到,他就给你父亲打电话。(if引导条件状语从句)(2)unless引导条件状语从句unless引导条件状语从句意为“除非;如果不……”,相当于if ...not,而且可以与if引导的条件状语从句互换使用。如:I will go there tomorrow unless it rains.除非下雨,否则我明天就去那里。=I will go there tomorrow if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨,我明天就去那里。(3)so/as long as引导条件状语从句so long as或as long as引导条件状语从句意为“只要……”。如:So/As long as you promise to go,I'll surely go.只要你答应去,我当然去。2.条件状语从句的时态(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时。如:I'll stay at home if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨,我就呆在家里。(2)当主句的谓语含有can,may,must等情态动词时,条件状语从句用一般现在时。如:You may watch TV if you finish your homework.如果你完成了作业你可以看电视。(3)当主句是祈使句时,条件状语从句用一般现在时。如:Don't play unless you finish your work.不要玩,除非你把活做完了。3.条件状语从句的位置条件状语从句可位于句首,也可位于句末。放在句首时,从句后通常用逗号与主句隔开,读时用升调;放在句末时,从句与主句之间一般不用逗号,只在句末用句号或问号,读时用降调。如:If it doesn't rain tomorrow,I'll bring you to the park.如果明天不下雨,我将带你去公园。He will go to play the game unless he is ill tomorrow.除非他明天病了,不然他会参加这场比赛。原因状语从句在句中表示原因的状语从句叫原因状语从句。引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because,as,since,for,now that等。如:I do it because I like it.我做这件事是因为我喜欢。As it was raining,I stayed at home.由于下雨,我便呆在家里。Since you're not interested,I won't tell you about it.既然你不感兴趣,那我就不告诉你了。Let's stay at home,for it's raining hard outside.我们待在家里吧,因为外面正下着大雨。Now that you are well again,you can travel.既然你恢复了健康,你可以去旅行了。1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词及用法because,as,since,for,now that作从属连词引导原因状语从句都表示“因为”,其用法区别是:(1)because意为“因为”,与as,for,since相比语气最强,主从句间有直接的因果关系,它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的;从句一般放在主句的后面,也可放在主句前面或单独存在;在回答why的问句时,只用because。如:He is absent,because he is ill.(“生病”是“缺席”的必然原因)The swimming pool won't be open today because they're making repairs.游泳池今天不开放,因为他们在修理。— Why did you move to France?你们为什么搬到法国?— Because my father found work in Paris.因为我父亲在巴黎找到了工作。注意:在强调句型中,表示原因时只能用because,不用as和for。It was because I missed the early bus that I was late for school.我上学迟到是因为我没有赶上早班汽车。(2)as意为“因为;由于”,语气比because,since弱,含义与since相同,但没有since正式;所引导的原因状语从句表示不言而喻、为人所知、显而易见的原因和理由,或者理由不是很重要;as引导的从句通常位于主句的前面;从句说明原因,主句说明结果,主从并重。如:As I had a cold,I was absent from school.因为我感冒了,所以没去上课。As I have time today,I want to visit my grandparents.因为今天有时间,我想去看望我的祖父母。(3)since 意为“由于、既然”,侧重主句,since引起的从句表示显然的或已为人所知的、无需加以说明的原因或事实的理由;通常置于句首,表示一种含有勉强语气的原因;语气比because弱,但是比as 强。如:Since we have no money,we can't buy that vase.既然我们没钱,我们就不能买那花瓶。Since everybody is here,let's begin our party.既然大家都到了,那就开始我们的聚会吧!注意:since引导原因状语从句时,表示的原因是对方知道的,并不是直接原因,所以只是起到铺垫的作用。(4)for表示“因为”,用法与because相似,但它不表示直接原因,它所表示的原因往往提供上文未交待过的情况;表明附加或推断的理由,它所引导的分句只能放在所要说明的句子的后面(或单独成为一个句子),并且前后两个分句间的逻辑关系不一定是必然的因果关系。如:He is absent,for he is busy.(“忙”不是必然原因,只是一种解释)He must be ill,for he is absent.(for表示对原因的一种猜测)I went to see him,for I had something to tell him.我想去见他,因为我有事要告诉他。(5)now that意为“既然;由于”,与since同义,但语气比since弱,强调人们已知的事实;引导的原因状语从句通常放在主句前。如:Now that you are busy,let me do it for you.既然你忙,就让我给你做吧。Now that you mention it,Wang Mei also had a bad day.既然你提到这事,王梅也度过了糟糕的一天。2.原因状语从句的位置原因状语从句的位置可位于句首,也可位于句末。放在句首时,从句后通常用逗号与主句隔开;放在句末时,从句与主句之间一般不用逗号,只在句末用句号。如:He stopped because he was too tired.他停了下来,因为他太累了。As it was Sunday,they stayed at home.因为是星期天,他们呆在家里。Since you have problems,you should ask your teacher for help.既然你有问题,你应该向你的老师寻求帮助。3.使用原因状语从句注意的问题(1)because不能与so 连用。汉语习惯上说“因为……所以……”,但英语习惯上却不能将 so与because 连用。如:[正] Because it was raining,we stayed at home.因为下雨,所以我们呆在家里。[正] It was raining,so we stayed at home.因为下雨,所以我们呆在家里。[误] Because it was raining,so we stayed at home.因为下雨,所以我们呆在家里。(2)because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换。because后接句子,because of 后接名词。如:He can't come because he is ill.他不能来了,因为他病了。=He can't come because of his illness.他因病不能来。I said nothing about it because his wife was there.我对此什么也没说,因为他妻子在那儿。=I said nothing about it because of his wife's being there.我对此什么也没说,因为他妻子在那儿。目的状语从句在句中表示目的的状语从句叫目的状语从句。引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有so that,in order that等。1.引导目的状语从句的从属连词及用法(1)so that引导目的状语从句意为“以便;为了”,通常放在主句之后,从句中一般含有 can,could,may,might,will,would 等情态动词。如:I left at 6:00 so that I could catch the train.为了赶上火车,我六点就出门了。She dresses like that so that everyone will notice her.她那样穿戴是为了引起人们的注意。注意:当从句主语与主句主语相同时,可用表示目的的动词不定式so as to替换。如:He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.为了赶上早班车他起床很早。He got up early so as to catch the early bus.为了赶上早班车他起床很早。(2)in order that引导目的状语从句意为“为了”,所引导的目的状语从句既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后。如:The teacher spoke very slowly in order that we could follow her.为了我们能够跟上她,老师讲得很慢。In order that we should understand each other better,we got together and talked the matter over face to face.为了互相更加了解,我们开了一个会,把问题面对面地谈了一下。注意:当从句主语与主句主语相同时,可用表示目的的动词不定式in order to替换。如:He studies very hard in order that he can pass the exam.为了通过考试,他学习非常努力。He studies very hard in order to pass the exam.为了通过考试,他学习非常努力。2.so that引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别so that既可引导目状语从句,又可以引导结果状语从句,其区别是:(1)含义上的区别:so that引导目的状语从句表示的是一种意欲或可能性,引导结果状语从句表示的是一种事实。(2)形式上的区别:目的状语从句之前不用逗号,而结果状语从句之前则通常有逗号;有时引导结果状语从句时其前也可以没有逗号,此时可看从句中是否有情态动词can,could,may,might,will,would 以及should等,如果没有,则多半是结果状语从句。试比较:He took the morning train so that he should arrive in the afternoon.他乘早班车以便下午能到达。(so that引导目的状语从句)He took the morning train,so that he arrived in the afternoon.他乘了早车走,下午就到了。(so that 引导结果状语从句)(3)so that引导目的状语从句有时也可以放在主句前,引导结果状语从句总是在主句后。如:So that we should/might see the sunrise,we started for the peak early.为了要看日出,我们一早就出发到山顶去。(目的状语从句在前面)