2022年九年级中考英语语法解析--非谓语动词学案

这是一份2022年九年级中考英语语法解析--非谓语动词学案，共17页。学案主要包含了非谓语动词用法等内容，欢迎下载使用。
非谓语动词 是一个较难学的，今天我给大家总结一下非谓语动词的使用和练习，希望大家能把非谓语动词学会。
非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式
是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分
3种形式：不定式，分词(现在分词、过去分词)，动名词
1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：
(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
(2)都可以被状语修饰：
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used t fit him very well.
(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如：
He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)
He avided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)
We have written the cmpsitin.(谓语动词的完成时)
Having written the cmpsitin, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)
(4)都可以有逻辑主语
They started the wrk at nce.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)
The bss rdered them t start the wrk.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)
We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)
We being League member, the wrk was well dne.
(现在分词的逻辑主语)
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：
(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词)，在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词)，在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词)，在句中作状语。
(4)谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，它不受主语的人称和数的限制。
(二)非谓语动词的句法功能：
二、非谓语动词用法：
(一)动词不定式：(t)+d，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
1.不定式的形式：(以动词write为例)
否定式：nt + (t) d
(1)一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，
例如：
I'm glad t meet yu.
He seems t knw a lt.
We plan t pay a visit.
He wants t be an artist.
The patient asked t be perated n at nce.
The teacher rdered the wrk t be dne.
(2)进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：
The by pretended t be wrking hard.
He seems t be reading in his rm.
(3)完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：
I regretted t have tld a lie.
I happened t have seen the film.
He is pleased t have met his friend.
2.不定式的句法功能：
(1)作主语：
T finish the wrk in ten minutes is very hard.
T lse yur heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：
It is very hard t finish the wrk in ten minutes.
It means failure t lse yur heart.
常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+t d。2、It takes sb.+sme time+t d。3、It+be+形容词+f sb +t d。4、It+be+形容词+fr sb.+t d。常用careless,,clever,gd,flish,hnest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。
(2)作表语：
Her jb is t clean the hall.
He appears t have caught a cld.
(3)作宾语：
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hpe, wish, ffer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, prmise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语(不定式)后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：
Marx fund it imprtant t study the situatin in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：
I have n chice but t stay here.
He did nthing last Sunday but repair his bike.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：
He gave us sme advice n hw t learn English.
(4)作宾语补足语：
在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, rder, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allw, prepare, cause, frce, call n, wait fr, invite.
此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：
With a lt f wrk t d, he didn't g t the cinema.
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有t的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加t, 如：
I saw him crss the rad.
He was seen t crss the rad.
(5)作定语：
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：
①动宾关系：
I have a meeting t attend.
注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：
He fund a gd huse t live in.
The child has nthing t wrry abut.
What did yu pen it with?
如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
He has n place t live.
This is the best way t wrk ut this prblem.
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：
Have yu gt anything t send?
Have yu gt anything t be sent?
②说明所修饰名词的内容：
We have made a plan t finish the wrk.
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：
He is the first t get here.
(6)作状语：
①表目的：
He wrked day and night t get the mney.
She sld her hair t buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
wrng：T save mney, every means has been tried.
right：T save mney, he has tried every means.
wrng：T learn English well, a dictinary is needed.
right：T learn English well, he needs a dictinary.
②表结果：
He arrived late t find the train gne.
常用nly放在不定式前表示强调：
I visited him nly t find him ut.
③表原因：
They were very sad t hear the news.
④表程度：
It's t dark fr us t see anything.
The questin is simple fr him t answer.
(7)作独立成分：
T tell yu the truth, I dn't like the way he talked.
(8)不定式的省略：保留t省略d动词。
If yu dn't want t d it, yu dn't need t.
(9)不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略t。
He wished t study medicine and becme a dctr.
(二)动名词：
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
1.动名词的形式：
否定式：nt + 动名词
(1)一般式：
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(2)被动式：
He came t the party withut being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
(3)完成式：
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
(4)完成被动式：
He frgt having been taken t Guangzhu when he was five years ld.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
(5)否定式：nt + 动名词
I regret nt fllwing his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
(6)复合结构：物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词
He suggested ur trying it nce again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His nt knwing English trubled him a lt.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2.动名词的句法功能：
(1)作主语：
Reading alud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Cllecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's n use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
(2)作表语：
In the ant city, the queen's jb is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
(3)作宾语：
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have t prevent the air frm being plluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：
We fund it n gd making fun f thers. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjy, finish, suggest, avid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, cnsider, admit(承认)，deny(否认), mind, permit, frbid, practise, risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be wrth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think f, dream f, be fnd f, prevent…(frm),keep …frm, stp…(frm),prtect…frm, set abut, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used t, lk frward t, bject t, pay attentin t, insist n, feel like
(4)作定语：
He can't walk withut a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pl in yur schl? 你们学校有游泳池吗?
(5)作同位语：
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening t the news n the radi remains unchanged.
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
(三)现在分词：
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、现在分词的形式：
否定式：nt + 现在分词
(1)现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：
They went t the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having dne his hmewrk, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。
(2)现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。
The prblem being discussed is very imprtant. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been tld many times, the naughty by made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2.现在分词的句法功能：
(1)作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。
In the fllwing years he wrked even harder.
在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
The man speaking t the teacher is ur mnitr's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the fllwing years也可用in the years that fllwed; the man speaking t the teacher可改为the man wh is speaking t the teacher.
(2)现在分词作表语：
The film being shwn in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situatin is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be + ding既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + ding表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
(3)作宾语补足语：
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, ntice, bserve, listen t, lk at, leave, catch等。例如：
Can yu hear her singing the sng in the next rm? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
(4)现在分词作状语：
①作时间状语：
(While) Wrking in the factry, he was an advanced wrker.
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语：
Being a League member, he is always helping thers. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语，表示伴随：
He stayed at hme, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
④作条件状语：
(If) Playing all day, yu will waste yur valuable time.
要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语：
He drpped the glass, breaking it int pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语：
He went swimming the ther day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语：
Thugh raining heavily, it cleared up very sn.
虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
I waiting fr the bus, a bird fell n my head.
我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sld ut, they went away disappintedly.
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll d anther tw exercises.
如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (withut) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分：
udging frm(by) his appearance, he must be an actr.
从外表看，他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are mre careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。
(四)过去分词：
过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能：
1.过去分词作定语：
Our class went n an rganized trip last Mnday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Thse elected as cmmittee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2.过去分词作表语：
The windw is brken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意：be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：
The windw is brken.(系表)
The windw was brken by the by.(被动)
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：
biled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶)
newly arrived gds(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳)
the changed wrld(变了的世界)
这类过去分词有：gne, cme, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3.过去分词作宾语补足语：
I heard the sng sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：
With the wrk dne, they went ut t play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。
4.过去分词作状语：
Praised by the neighburs, he became the pride f his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)
Once seen, it can never be frgtten.
一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。(表示时间)
Given mre time, I'll be able t d it better.
如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。(表示条件)
Thugh tld f the danger, he still risked his life t save the by.
虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步)
Filled with hpes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。
非谓语动词考点分析
1.The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C,didn't include wmen players until 1919.
A.first playing B.t be first played C.first played D.t be first playing
析：根据题干，必须选表示被动的选项，故排除A、D;因B选项表“将要被举行”意，不合题干之用，只有C选项(相当于which was first played)才合用。
2.Eurpean ftball is played in 80 cuntries, ______ it the mst ppular sprt in the wrld.
A.making B.makes C.made D.t make
析：B、C是谓语动词，在此不可用。D项t make或表目的，或表“将要使得”，这都不合题干情景。只有A.making,可作状语，表结果。再举一现在分词作结果状语例：
The bus was held up by the snwstrm,causing the delay.公共汽车被大风雪所阻，因而耽误了。
3.Little Jim shuld lve ______ t the theatre this evening.
A.t be taken B.t take C.being taken D.taking
析：根据this evening,应选表示将来义的选项，C、D应排除。Take后无宾语，必然要用被动式，故答案为A。
4.Jhn was made ______ the truck fr a week as a punishment.
A.t wash B.washing C.wash D.t be washing
析：根据be made t d sth.句式，可定答案为A。
5.The patient was warned ______ ily fd after the peratin.
A.t eat nt B.eating nt C.nt t eat D.nt eating
析：根据warn sb.(nt)t d sth.句式，可排除B、D两项;又根据非谓语动词的否定式nt总是在首位的规律，又可排除A，而定C。
6.——I usually g there by train. ——Why nt ______ by bat fr a change?
A.t try ging B.trying t g C.t try and g D.try ging
析：此题可根据why nt后直接跟原形动词规律而一举确定正确答案为D。若将B项改为try t g，则要根据其与try ging意义之别来确定答案。依据题干对话内容，乙方是建议甲方尝试乘船变变花样，所以答案仍为D。
7.______ a reply,he decided t write again.
A.Nt receiving B.Receiving nt C.Nt having received D.Having nt received
析：非谓语动词的否定式nt应置于首位，B、D皆为错误形式。A项不能表达先于decided的动作，只有选C项才表没收到信在先，决定再写信在后，所以C为正确答案。
8.Charles Babbage is generally cnsidered ______ the first cmputer.
A.t invent B.inventing C.t have invented D.having invented
析：cnsider表“考虑”意时，其后动词用ding形式，此处不表“考虑”，而表“认为”，这时cnsider后作宾语补足语或主语补足语多为t d,t have dne,t be等形式。据此可排除B、D两个选项。又因A表“要发明”意，不合题用，只有C表“发明了”意，才合题用，故选C。
9.Mst f the artists ______ t the party were frm Suth Africa.
A.invited B.t invite C.being invited D.had been invited
析：“被邀请参加晚会”，应选表被动意的选项，B不可用。D项少引导词wh，也应排除。又因短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作定语，C也应排除，只有A.invited(=wh were invited)才是正确答案。
10.The murderer was brught in,with his hands ______ behind his back.
A.being tied B.having tied C.t be tired D.tied
析：B表主动意，应排除。C表“将要被捆绑”，A表“正在被捆绑”都不合题意，只有D项填入空白才能表达“双手被反绑着”这一意思，符合题干情景。再看一类似例句： He came in,(with)his head held high.他昂首走了进来。