新概念英语第三册Lesson1知识点梳理

Lesson 1 A puma at large词汇：1.puma  n.美洲狮2.spot  v.看到，发现3.evidence  n.证据4.accumulate  v.积累5.oblige  v.使..感到必须6.hunt  n.追猎7.blackberry  n.黑莓8.human  n.人类9.corner  v.使走投无路10.trail  n.一系列11.print  n.印痕12.cling  v.粘13.convince  v.使…信服13.somehow  adv.不知怎么搞地14.disturb  v.令人不安词汇扩展：1.spot: v.看出，发现        n.斑点a spot on one’s reputation名誉上的污点词组：spot of sth 有点…   a spot of bother一点小麻烦You seem to be having a spot of bother with your car, can I help you? 看来你的车有点小毛病，需要我帮助你吗？a scenic spot 旅游景点A great of scenic spot are being spoilt by the ill-behaved tourists. 很多景点被不文明的游客破坏了。The Middle East is a hot spot. 中东地区是个热点地区。on the spot 在现场Ten minutes after calling 911, a police car arrived on the spot. 报警之后的十分钟，警车抵达现场。four days after setting out 出发后的第四天spot同义替换：see/find /observerecognize sb as…认出某人是谁 identify 识别某人某物身份2.evidence证据   evident清楚的；明显的 self- evident不言自明的All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. second，It is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self-evident.3.oblige使…感到必须.   obligation n.义务，责任  be /feel obliged to do 不得不做某事=be/feel compelled to do=be /fell impelled to do4.human being 人类 可数名词=mankind/humankind/humanity/ human race 不可数To be(存在，活着),or not to be ：that is the question.5.corner  v.使某人走投无路 Don’t corner me. 别逼我 A cornered beast will do something desperate. 狗急跳墙 on/in/at/around the corner  at the corner 在拐弯处 around the corner 某个时刻快到了 My birthday is just around the corner. 我的生日快到了。6.convince使..信服 convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事He failed to convince the jury of his innocence. （他没能让陪审团相信他的清白。） cure sb of sth 治好某人的病The doctor cured him of his lung cancer. inform sb of sth通知某人某事My ex-wife informed me of her marriage remind sb of sth 使某人回忆起某事 rob sb of sth 抢某人的财物The robber robbed me of my wallet. deprive sb of sth剥夺Some criminals were deprived of political rights.（一些罪犯被剥夺了政治权利。） assure sb of sth 使某人对某事放心 The dealer 商人 assured me of its quality.7.somehow   adv.不知什么原因 Somehow everything was different. 不知怎的一切都变了。  somewhat 有一些，有一点.. He was somewhat hungry. 他有点饿了。 somewhere 某处，在某个地方 I’ve lost my wallet somewhere around here（附近的地方）.8.disturb v.打扰 ,令人不安Do not disturb. 请勿打扰I hope I am not disturbing you.Sorry to disturb you, but I really need you help. 课本：①Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.  （Which引导的定语从句，which are 可省略）1.at large 在逃的 a prisoner/suspect at large The disease is still at large.2.cat-like animals 像猫一样的动物 扩展：bear-like animals      lady-like behavior     child-like simplicity     an angel-like girl 天使般的女孩     crystal-like eyes     flu-like symptoms     cobweb-like structure蜘蛛网般的结构3.be found in…产于…/存在于..Vitamin C is found in citrus fruit.Many plant and animal species are found only in the rainforests.造句： 大熊猫事一种大型的，类似于熊的动物，产于中国四川省。Giant pandas are large, bear-like animals which are found in Sichuan province, China. ②When reports came into London zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. （when引导的时间状语从句里镶嵌一个同位语从句）1.无灵主语/物称主语 Reports come into London.A good idea came into my mind. 我想到一个好主意 。A good idea flashed into my mind.Business took him to the town. =He went to the town on business.2.定语从句 ：起后置定语的作用“…的 ”that关系代词充当主语，宾语 ，表语，关系代词去掉后面句子不完整。同位语从句：解释前面名词的具体内容，that不充当语法从分，除掉that后是完整的句子。The proposal that John should be dismissed is unacceptable.The proposal that John put forward 提出的 is unacceptable.3.in/on/to south of…Shanghai is in the south of China. (包含在里面)Vietnam is on the south of China. （相邻接壤）Indonesia is to south of China.（相邻不接壤）100kilometers south of Xi’an 西安以南100公里造句：当消息传到国家博物馆，说是在西安以南100公里处发现一座古墓的时候，这则消息受到了重视。When the news came into the national museum that an ancient tomb had been found 100 kilometers south of Xi’an, it was taken seriously. ③However，as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate，for the description given by people who claim to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.(as引导时间状语从句，for引导原因状语从句里面镶嵌一个后置定语，后置定语里镶嵌一个定语从句)1.非谓语做后置定语: make descriptions           descriptions made by people造句：novels written by Lu Xun    movies directed by Zhang Yimou    The man leaning against the wall named George is my brother.2.claim to have done… 动词不定式的完成时3.be extraordinarily similar 出奇地相似=be particularly alike=have a lot in common=have considerable commonalities造句：随着病例开始慢慢增多，医学专家们觉得必须要调查了，因为得了这种病的人的症状特别地相似。As the cases began to accumulate, specialists felt obliged to investigate, for the symptoms of people who had caught the disease were extraordinarily similar. ④The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw a large cat only five yards away from her. (where 引导的定语从句里镶嵌一个现在分词做后置定语)1.hunt for… 英语里面除了of表示…的，还有for ，to 等I’m hunting for a job now.The hunt for a job will begin tomorrow.the winter in Americathe entrance to the parking lot a witness to the accidenta longing for lovethe reason for the disaster2.prove (to be) +adj/n 被证明是His injury proved fatal. 他的伤被证明是致命的。The operation proved a success.扩展：turn out to be +adj/n 原来是…  ⑦Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.(wherever引导让步状语从句)1.疑问词+ever 两种意思“无论…”引导让步状语从句=no matter +疑问词;“到底…”用在疑问句中Wherever did you go yesterday? 你昨天到底去哪呢？When ever am I going to see you again? 到底什么时候我才能再见到你？When will you ever learn? 你到底什么时候才能学会？Wherever he went ,he left a trail of unpaid bills behind him.Wherever he went, he left a trail of broken hearts behind him.2.behind it 状语提前避免头重脚轻 ⑧Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes.(clinging现在分词作主语puma fur的主语补足语)1.无灵主语/物称主语 Paw prints were seen….造句：人们对下岗工人的生活状态越来越关注了。Increasing attention has been paid to the condition of the laid-off workers.2.fur and feather 飞禽走兽 fin, fur and feather 各种各样的动物The crown should not yield to the cross. 王权不应屈服于神权。3.现在分词主语补足语：第九句 missing from any zoo补充说明pumas ⑨Several people complained of ‘a cat-like noises’ at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw a puma up the tree.1.complain of /about sth 抱怨说claim 声称说state 声明说confirm 证实说2.on business /honeymoon trip 在…途中  on a journey/voyage/expedition/tourPresident Xi Jinping is on a five-nation tour. 11.As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country，this one must have been in the possession of private collector and somehow managed to escape.(as引导的原因状语从句)1．must have done 对过去事情的推测You must have been ill yesterday. You looked so pale.   must do 对现在的推测   may/might have done 语气没有那么强   can’t /could not have done对过去否定推测You can’t have been ill yesterday. I saw you going shopping with your wife.   should /ought to have done 责备的语气You should have finished your work yesterday.I shouldn’t have shouted at you yesterday.2.in possession of =in one’s possession拥有 in the charge of =in one’s charge 由…负责The bookstore is in my charge.I’m in charge of the bookstore.3.manage to do设法完成了某事  fail to do 没能完成某事 13.It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside. （it引导的形式主语，真正的主语是 to think that a….）1.It is …to think that….一想到某事就… It is worrying to think that… 一想到…就担心 It is exciting to think that … 一想到…就兴奋 It is comforting to think that…一想到…就令人安慰 It is amusing to think that… 一想到…就很有趣 It is irritating to think that…一想到…就恼火