河南省济源平顶山许昌2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次质量检测英语含解析

这是一份河南省济源平顶山许昌2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次质量检测英语含解析，共23页。


济源平顶山许昌2021—2022学年高三第一次质量检测
英 语
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How much did the man tip the woman?
A. $1. B. $10. C. $100.
2. How will the woman go home?
A. Walk. B. Run. C. Drive.
3. What meal will the speakers eat?
A. Breakfast. B. Lunch. C. Dinner.
4. Who was at the door?
A. The postman. B. The man’s friend. C. The woman’s brother.
5. When will the tomatoes be ready?
A. Right now. B. In three weeks. C. In two months.
第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6 Where are the speakers?
A. At a hotel. B. At a store. C. At a restaurant.
7. How does the woman feel in the end?
A. Excited. B. Sick. C. Scared.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Who left the company
A. Lisa. B. Steve. C. Tim.
9. What has the man been trying to do?
A. Give up coffee. B. Go to bed earlier. C. Employ a new employee.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Where is the man?
A. On a farm. B. In a restaurant. C. At a grocery store.
11. What does the man like to put on his biscuits?
A. Cheese. B. Peanuts. C. Ноnеy.
12. What does the man think of the biscuits?
A. They taste bad. B. They’re too big. C. They break easily.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Who is Mr. Taylor?
A. A teacher. B. The parent of a student. C. The school headmaster.
14. Why does the woman keep the curtains closed?
A. She wants to get some sleep.
B It gets too hot in the classroom.
C. Sunlight makes the children act wild.
15. How long should the children be outside, according to the man?
A. Less than an hour. B. At least one hour. C. Half a day.
16. What are the man’s students like after they run around outside?
A. They are quiet. B. They can’t sit quietly. C. They fight with each other.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Where is the park located?
A. In West Africa. B. In Southeast Asia. C. In South America.
18. What is true about the park?
A. There are over 900 types of plants.
B. Visitors can’t get close to the birds.
C. There’s a lot of room to walk around.
19. How high is the waterfall?
A. 30 meters. B. 50 meters. C.100 meters.
20. When does the All Stars Bird Show start?
A. At 9:00 a.m. B. At 5:00 p.m. C. At 6:00 p.m.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Top 4 Websites for Freebie Fanatics
Are you always on the hunt for freebies (免费品)? Here are the top 4 sites where you should hunt for the best freebies.
Just Free Stuff
It is a friendly website that is easy to use. You will find more than 600 freebies listed here every passing day.
More specifically, you can enjoy the various toiletry samples available on the site, which often co me in handy when you are on the move. Therefore, it’s suggested that you sign up on the app to see the latest offers.
Freecycle
It works a little differently from the other websites. Here, you will find freebies that are actual items that other people want to get rid of. Most of the freebies are second-hand items but once in a while, you will get something completely free. Unlike other freebie sites, you could get a substantial appliance like a washing machine, TVs, or sofas instead of samples.
It’s the perfect place to find items, especially if you are a student who just moved into your first house.
Freebie Site UK
It is quite similar to Latest Freebie Stuff and you will find freebies posted by companies. Here, you will find a lot of samples and smaller freebies.
There is also a rating system for you to find out if something is worth your time or not. Sign up for the newsletter to get regular updates.
Gumtree
It works like Freecycle where members of the public can upload items they want to get rid of. Whether it’s a dishwasher or typewriter, there is always something for everyone. When you sign up or visit the site, you can turn on your locations to get the best items near you.
1. Which website is suitable for businessmen on the move?
A. Gumtree. B. Freecycle. C. Freebie Site UK. D. Just Free Stuff.
2. What do Freecycle and Gumtree have in common?
A. Items are completely free. B. The websites are free to sign up.
C. People can find second-hand items. D. They upload items every other day.
3. What can we learn from the passage?
A. On Gumtree you can put the toy samples for sale.
B. On Freebie Site UK you will find substantial appliances.
C. On Freecycle you may be lucky to get a TV completely free.
D. On Just Free Stuff you may turn on your locations for the best items.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了能获得免费品的排名前四的网站。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据Just Free Stuff部分第二段中的“More specifically, you can enjoy the various toiletry samples available on the site, which often co me in handy when you are on the move.”（更具体地说，你可以享受网站上提供的各种各样的化妆品样品，当你在出差的时候，这些样品通常都能派上用场。）可知，Just Free Stuff这个网站适合正在出差的商人，故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据Freecycle部分第一段中的“Here, you will find freebies that are actual items that other people want to get rid of.”（在这里，你可以找到免费的东西，这些东西都是别人想扔掉的。）和Gumtree部分中的“It works like Freecycle where members of the public can upload items they want to get rid of.”（它就像Freecycle网站，在这里会员可以上传他们想要扔掉的东西。）可知，Freecycle和Gumtree网站的共同点是，这里的物品都是别人用过不要的，所人们可以在这里找到二手的物件，故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据Freecycle部分第一段中的“Most of the freebies are second-hand items but once in a while, you will get something completely free. Unlike other freebie sites, you could get a substantial appliance like a washing machine, TVs, or sofas instead of samples.”（大多数免费赠品都是二手货，但有时候，你会得到一些完全免费的东西。不像其他免费网站，在这里你可以得到一个价值很大的设备，如洗衣机，电视，或沙发，而不是样品。）可知，在Freecycle网站上，你或许会很幸运得到一件完全免费的电视，故选C。
B
Jacob Kohut, 35, was one of the soldiers. He finally had some downtime during his 12-hour shift. He sat in the back of a Humvee, flute in hand, teaching students via his laptop how to play Beethoven’s Ode to Joy. That meant he was on double duty, as an active soldier and as a dedicated school band teacher.
For the past five years, he’s taught music at two Fairfax County, Virginia, schools—Canterbury Woods Elementary School in the morning and Frost Middle School in the afternoon. When he was on duty, Kohut’s days began in the morning with teaching his elementary class remotely from the drill floor of the DC Armory, finishing the lesson mere minutes before his shift started at 10 a.m. Later in the day, during his break, he would go online to teach his middle school students from the back of a Humvee.
Diane Leipzig, the headteacher of Canterbury Woods Elementary School, told Kohut she would find a substitute teacher to cover his classes while he was on duty, but he insisted on continuing to teach. She says, “He’s an excellent example. He teaches our kids the significance of practice and determination.” Music has always been a driving force in Kohut’s life. “My mom was a music teacher. That’s why I do what I do, because she was such a good role model.” says Kohut. Kohut insists he is not doing anything extraordinary. “We are here to do what’s needed, and if that means standing outside for 18 hours straight in the freezing cold, we're ready to do that.” he says. As the 11 instruments played by his virtual students synchronized in song, the familiar melody of Ode to Joy rang through the Humvee. At that moment, Kohut realized there wasn’t a timelier tune to teach his students. “It’s a symbol of unity and peace,” he says, “and that’s what the world needs right now.”
4. What’s the double identity of Jacob Kohut?
A. Soldier and teacher. B. Soldier and student.
C. Teacher and student. D. President and teacher.
5. What do we know about Kohut's lesson to elementary students?
A. The lesson began in the afternoon. B. The lesson finished very near his shift.
C. The lesson was performed face to face. D. The lesson was targeted at music itself.
6. What message does Leipzig want to convey in paragraph 3?
A. Kohut had a positive effect on kids. B. Kohut wasn't equal to the position.
C. Kohut should be replaced by others. D. Kohut was typical of an inspired soldier.
7. Which of the following best describes Kohut as a teacher?
A. Thrilled. B. Devoted. C. Ambitious. D. Humorous.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了35岁的Jacob Kohut既是一名现役军人，又是一名敬业的学校乐队老师，他在值班期间给学生上课，对孩子产生了积极的影响。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“That meant he was on double duty, as an active soldier and as a dedicated school band teacher.(这意味着他有双重职责，既是一名现役军人，又是一名敬业的学校乐队老师)”可知，Jacob Kohut是士兵和老师。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“When he was on duty, Kohut’s days began in the morning with teaching his elementary class remotely from the drill floor of the DC Armory, finishing the lesson mere minutes before his shift started at 10 a.m. (当他值班的时候，Kohut从早上开始在华盛顿军械库的钻台远程教授他的小学课程，在他上午10点开始值班的几分钟前结束课程)”可知，Kohut给小学生上的课在他轮班的时候结束了。故选B。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Diane Leipzig, the headteacher of Canterbury Woods Elementary School, told Kohut she would find a substitute teacher to cover his classes while he was on duty, but he insisted on continuing to teach. She says, “He’s an excellent example. He teaches our kids the significance of practice and determination.” Music has always been a driving force in Kohut’s life. “My mom was a music teacher. That’s why I do what I do, because she was such a good role model.” says Kohut. Kohut insists he is not doing anything extraordinary. “We are here to do what’s needed, and if that means standing outside for 18 hours straight in the freezing cold, we're ready to do that.” he says. As the 11 instruments played by his virtual students synchronized in song, the familiar melody of Ode to Joy rang through the Humvee. At that moment, Kohut realized there wasn’t a timelier tune to teach his students. “It’s a symbol of unity and peace,” he says, “and that’s what the world needs right now.”(坎特伯雷森林小学的校长Diane Leipzig告诉Kohut，她会找一位代课老师在他当班时替他代课，但Kohut坚持要继续教书。她说，“他是一个很好的例子。他教我们的孩子实践和决心的重要性。”音乐一直是Kohut生活的驱动力。“我妈妈是一位音乐老师。这就是为什么我做我的工作，因为她是一个很好的榜样。”Kohut说。Kohut坚称他并没有做什么特别的事情。“我们来这里是为了做需要做的事，如果这意味着在寒冷的天气里站18个小时，我们已经准备好了。”他说。当他的虚拟学生们演奏着11种乐器的同时，熟悉的《欢乐颂》的旋律在悍马军车里回荡。在那一刻，Kohut意识到没有比这更适合教他的学生的曲子了。“它是团结与和平的象征，”他说，“而这正是世界现在所需要的。”)”可知，Leipzig在第三段想传达的信息是Kohut对孩子有积极的影响。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Later in the day, during his break, he would go online to teach his middle school students from the back of a Humvee.(当天晚些时候，在他的休息时间，他会在一辆悍马军车的后座上上网教他的中学生)”以及第三段中“Diane Leipzig, the headteacher of Canterbury Woods Elementary School, told Kohut she would find a substitute teacher to cover his classes while he was on duty, but he insisted on continuing to teach. She says, “He’s an excellent example. He teaches our kids the significance of practice and determination.”(坎特伯雷森林小学的校长Diane Leipzig告诉Kohut，她会找一位代课老师在他当班时替他代课，但Kohut坚持要继续教书。她说，“他是一个很好的例子。他教我们的孩子实践和决心的重要性。”)”可推知，Kohut是一个乐于奉献的老师。故选B。
C
While the link between sleep and a healthy heart is well established, researchers are still devoted to the details. A new study suggests there might even be the best possible time, within our 24-hour body clock, for falling asleep.
Of course, the reasons for not obtaining the right sleep, whether it’s the best amount or right timing are not always within our control. So anyone struggling with their sleep should seek medical advice and focus on whatever they need to do that works for them—as telling a specific bedtime may have the opposite impact on some. But for the rest of us it may be helpful to know that falling asleep between 10-11 pm seems to hit the sweet spot for a healthy cardiovascular(心血管的) system.
“The body has a 24-hour internal clock, called circadian rhythm, which helps regulate physical and mental functioning.” says University of Exeter psychologist David Plans. “While we cannot conclude causation from our study, the results suggest that early or late bedtimes may be more likely to interrupt the body clock, with harmful consequences for cardiovascular health.”
Analyzing wrist-worn accelerometer data from 88,026 participants in the UK Biobank study, the research team was able to compare sleep timing over a seven-day period with later health outcomes. The dataset included 3, 172 cases of cardiovascular disease, during almost six years of tracking participants.
The team found falling asleep after midnight or before 10 pm was associated with around a 25 percent increase in risk of cardiovascular disease, compared to falling asleep between 10-11 pm. This increase in risk dropped to 12 percent for those who fell asleep between 11-12 pm. “The riskiest time was after midnight, potentially because it may reduce the likelihood of seeing morning light, which resets the body clock.” says Plans.
This sort of study can’t determine if sleep timing itself contributes to heart disease—it may be other behaviors linked to staying up late, like staying out drinking or stress keeping people awake that are causing the problems.
8. What is the author’s attitude to the so-called specific bedtime?
A. Doubtful. B. Ambiguous. C. Objective. D. Uncaring.
9. What can we learn according to what David says?
A. Circadian rhythm is named a 24-hour internal clock.
B. Early or late bedtimes interrupt cardiovascular health.
C. The body helps control physical and mental functioning.
D. The body clock is less interrupted by early or late bedtimes.
10. What did the team find according to paragraph 5?
A. Sleeping after midnight may cause the worst.
B. Staying up late is likely to reduce the risk of heart disease.
C. Falling asleep between 11-12 pm does more harm to one’s body.
D. Changes of the body clock aren't related to sleeping before 10 pm.
11. What can be concluded from the text?
A Enough sleep is largely important.
B. Sleep contributes to a healthy heart.
C. Cardiovascular disease leads to heart disease.
D. The best time to fall asleep should be identified.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究表明，在我们的生物钟中，存在最佳入睡时间，过早或过晚入睡可能会扰乱生物钟，对心血管健康产生不良影响，而晚上10-11点入睡是最佳入睡时间，有助于保持心血管的健康。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“So anyone struggling with their sleep should seek medical advice and focus on whatever they need to do that works for them—as telling a specific bedtime may have the opposite impact on some. But for the rest of us it may be helpful to know that falling asleep between 10-11 pm seems to hit the sweet spot for a healthy cardiovascular(心血管的) system.”(因此，任何与睡眠作斗争的人都应该寻求医疗建议，并专注于他们需要做的且对他们有用的任何事情——因为告知特定的就寝时间可能会对一些人产生相反的影响。但是对于我们其他人来说，晚上10点到11点之间入睡，这似乎是对保持心血管系统健康的最佳时机，知道这个事实可能会对我们有所帮助。)可知，作者认为，对于那些与睡眠作斗争的人来说，特定的就寝时间可能会对他们产生负面影响，而对于其他人来说，知道特定的就寝时间是有好处的，因为这会对心血管系统健康有好处，所以可以推断出，作者对所谓的特定就寝时间的态度是客观的，C选项“Objective.”(客观的)符合，A. Doubtful怀疑的；B. Ambiguous模棱两可的；D. Uncaring不关注的，均不符，故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The body has a 24-hour internal clock, called circadian rhythm,”(人体有一个24小时运转的生物钟，叫做昼夜节律)可知，昼夜节律被叫做24小时运转的生物钟，故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The riskiest time was after midnight”(最危险的时间是午夜之后)可知，最危险的时间是午夜之后，这说明午夜后睡觉会使人患心血管疾病的几率最大，所以说午夜后入睡可能会造成最坏的结果，故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“A new study suggests there might even be the best possible time, within our 24-hour body clock, for falling asleep.”(一项新的研究表明，在我们24小时的生物钟内，甚至可能存在最佳的入睡时间。)可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究表明，在我们的生物钟中，存在最佳入睡时间，过早或过晚入睡可能会扰乱生物钟，对心血管健康产生不良影响，而晚上10-11点入睡是最佳入睡时间。所以从文章中，我们可以得出结论——我们应该辨认出最佳入睡时间，故选D。
D
Scientists based in Japan’s Osaka University have found a way to 3D print wagyu beef in a lab — a step they believe will one day help make widely available and sustainably-produced cuts of cultured meat that closely resemble original products.
Using stem cells that they took from wagyu cows, the scientists set out to create a structure with the characteristic marbling (or sashi) seen in wagyu beef that sets it apart from other cuts of beef.
By isolating beef cells, the scientists organized how the muscles, blood vessels and fat should be arranged. The researchers then shaped these tissues into the form of a steak using a technique called 3D bio-printing, where cell structures can be layered to resemble real tissues in living things.
The researchers believe that proving that a wagyu steak can be accurately 3D-printed could be a big step toward a sustainable future where cultured meat can be created that closely resembles existing products. Its origins from real meat also differentiate it from plant-based options, like those created by Beyond Meat and Impossible Foods.
“By improving this technology, it will be possible to not only reproduce complex meat structures, such as the beautiful marbling (sashi) of Wagyu beef but to also make delicate adjustments to the fat and muscle components.” Michiya Matsusaki, one of the project's researchers, said in a statement. Michiya Matsusaki said that with these adjustments, customers might one day be able to order a cultured cut of meat with the amount of fat they desire, tailor-made to their tastes and health concerns.
While this might be the first cut of wagyu beef ever to be 3D-printed, other attempts have been made to bio-print steaks. In February this year, Aleph Farms and the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology-jointly bio-printed and cultivated a steak using real cow cells.
12. What does the underlined word "isolating" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Cutting. B. Separating. C. Testing. D. Observing.
13. How can researchers 3D-print a wagyu steak like a real one?
A. By taking stem cells from wagyu cows.
B. By copying the shape of a wagyu steak.
C. By arranging the printed cell structures in layers.
D. By creating the similar muscles, blood vessels and fat.
14. What might be the best title for the text?
A. The First Attempt to Bio-print Steak B. A New Way to Use 3D Bio-printing
C. A Replacement for Expensive Wagyu Beef D. Wagyu Beef Can Be 3D-bioprinted in Japan
15. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Science. B. Health. C. Education. D. Entertainment.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家通过3D打印技术来打印和牛牛排，介绍了其操作过程以及这一技术的重要意义和作用。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“the scientists organized how the muscles, blood vessels and fat should be arranged”以及“The researchers then shaped these tissues into the form of a steak using a technique called 3D bio-printing, where cell structures can be layered to resemble real tissues in living things.”可知，科学家们要组织肌肉、血管和脂肪排列方式必须先分离牛肉细胞，然后，研究人员使用一种名为3D生物打印的技术，将这些组织塑成牛排的形状，细胞结构可以分层，以模仿生物的真实组织。故画线词意思是“分离”。A. Cutting.切割；B. Separating.分离；C. Testing.测试；D. Observing.观察。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“By isolating beef cells, the scientists organized how the muscles, blood vessels and fat should be arranged. The researchers then shaped these tissues into the form of a steak using a technique called 3D bio-printing, where cell structures can be layered to resemble real tissues in living things.(通过分离牛肉细胞，科学家们组织了肌肉、血管和脂肪的排列方式。 然后，研究人员使用一种名为3D生物打印的技术，将这些组织塑成牛排的形状，细胞结构可以分层，以模仿生物的真实组织)”可知，研究人员用3D打印技术创造相似的肌肉、血管和脂肪来打印真正的和牛牛排。故选D。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists based in Japan’s Osaka University have found a way to 3D print wagyu beef in a lab — a step they believe will one day help make widely available and sustainably-produced cuts of cultured meat that closely resemble original products.(日本大阪大学的科学家们在实验室里找到了一种3D打印和牛牛肉的方法。他们相信，这一步骤有一天将有助于广泛供应和可持续生产的与原始产品相似的人造肉)”结合文章主要说明了科学家通过3D打印技术来打印和牛牛排，介绍了其操作过程以及这一技术的重要意义和作用。可知，C选项“昂贵的和牛牛肉的替代品”最符合文章标题。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Using stem cells that they took from wagyu cows, the scientists set out to create a structure with the characteristic marbling (or sashi) seen in wagyu beef that sets it apart from other cuts of beef. (利用他们从和牛身上提取的干细胞，科学家们开始创造一种结构，这种结构具有和牛身上特有的大理石纹（或sashi），使其有别于其他牛肉)” 结合文章主要说明了科学家通过3D打印技术来打印和牛牛排，介绍了其操作过程以及这一技术的重要意义和作用。由此推知，文章选自报纸的“科学”版面。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Ways to Save Water
Water is one of the biggest commodities(商品) on Earth. Unfortunately, it’s also one of the most misused and abused resources, making it a scarce resource in many parts of the world. In fact, according to the United Nations Population Fund, half of the world’s population lacks clean drinking water.____16____.
Turn the water off when not in use
This is one of the easiest ways to cut back on your water usage. There’s no need to keep the water running while you’re in the process of cleaning your teeth or wash your dishes.____17____. It may sound hard to believe, but you can save roughly 760 litres of water a month just by shutting the water off once you go about your business!
Take shorter showers
____18____. Get into the habit of taking showers that last 5 minutes or less whenever you can. Everyone loves a long, hot shower, but your shower head uses roughly 7.6 litres of water a minute. You'll save a lot of water over time if you stick with short rinses, and you'll be just as clean as you normally would after a long shower.
Wash by hand
You can further conserve (节约) water by washing dishes and clothing by hand. Fill the sink with water and splash the dishes to remove excess food and waste. Then give them a short wash and scrub instead of turning to the dishwasher.____19____. Fill a tub with sudsy (起泡沫的) water, give clothing a dunk, followed by a quick scrub and then hang to dry.
____20____
There are numerous water-saving alternatives to traditional appliances. Low-flow taps, low-flush toilets and flow-regulating shower heads are ideal. They help users save water, while having very little impact on these daily activities.
A. Do the same for clothing
B. Use water-efficient appliances
C. Limit the length of your showers and baths
D. Turn it back on only when you're ready to wash
E. Therefore, it only makes sense to save water wherever you can
F. Taking a shower uses much less water than filling up a bathtub
G. Everybody knows less than 1% of all the water on Earth can be used by people
【答案】16. E 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些节水的办法。
【详解】1.由上文“In fact, according to the United Nations Population Fund, half of the world’s population lacks clean drinking water.”(事实上，根据联合国人口基金会的数据，世界上一半的人口缺乏清洁的饮用水。)可知，此处描述了世界一半的人口缺乏清洁的饮用水，这是很严重的问题，所以可以推断出空处应该是提倡我们节约水，E选项“Therefore, it only makes sense to save water wherever you can”(因此，只有尽可能节约用水才有意义)符合，故选E。
2.由上文“There’s no need to keep the water running while you’re in the process of cleaning your teeth or wash your dishes.”(在你刷牙或洗碗的时候，没有必要一直开着水。)可知，此处指出在你刷牙或洗碗的时候，没有必要一直开着水，所以空处应该是具体描写我们在刷牙或洗碗的时候如何做能节约水，D选项“Turn it back on only when you're ready to wash”(等你准备用水洗的时候再重新打开)符合，故选D。
3.由本段标题“Take shorter showers”(缩短洗澡时间)和下文“Get into the habit of taking showers that last 5 minutes or less whenever you can.”(养成洗澡时间少于5分钟的习惯。)可知，空后具体指出洗澡时间不要超过五分钟，所以空前应该提出要限制洗澡时间，C选项“Limit the length of your showers and baths”(限制你淋浴和洗澡的时间)符合，引起下文，故选C。
4.由上文“Fill the sink with water and splash the dishes to remove excess food and waste. Then give them a short wash and scrub instead of turning to the dishwasher.”(把水槽装满水，冲一下盘子，以便除去多余的食物和废物。然后简短地洗涤和擦洗盘子，而不是用洗碗机。)可知，此处描写了洗碗时如何做能节约水，结合本段第一句“You can further conserve (节约) water by washing dishes and clothing by hand”(你可以用手洗碗和洗衣服来节约用水)可知，本段从用手洗碗和洗衣服两方面来节约水，空前只是从洗碗这方面来描述的，所以空处应该是描述洗衣服时也应节约水，A选项“Do the same for clothing”(洗衣服也这样做)符合，引起下文，故选A。
5.空处是本段标题。由下文“There are numerous water-saving alternatives to traditional appliances. Low-flow taps, low-flush toilets and flow-regulating shower heads are ideal. They help users save water, while having very little impact on these daily activities.”(有很多节水的方法可以替代传统的电器。低流量水龙头，低冲水马桶和流量调节淋浴头是理想的家用电器。它们帮助用户节约用水，但它们却对这些日常活动的影响很小。)可知，本段主要讲述了要使用节水的家用电器，B选项“Use water-efficient appliances”(使用节水的家用电器)符合，故选B。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A，B，C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My parents had lovely friends James and Margaret. Occasionally, Margaret couldn’t make a dinner party because she was out with a____21____club she attended regularly. I once asked Margaret about her works and she____22____to minimise (贬低) it. “Oh, it’s really nothing. We just____23____local beauty spots and splash (泼洒) some watercolours about. It’s just something____24____I do.”
A while later, we all went to James and Margaret’s home. Looking for the bathroom, I____25____walked upstairs into her____26____and saw the “silly” paintings for myself. They were____27____! Beautiful nature scenes that____28____water, light and scenery perfectly. Yet they were all____29____against the wall in a back bedroom, seen by no one. Nobody ever took Margaret's____30____seriously, because she made everybody think it didn’t____31____
Such things happen every day. Therefore, if you have a passion,____32____it. It’s what makes you you. Talk about it proudly. If you____33____your hobbies as “silly”, other people won’t take them seriously. Yes, you have a million other____34____in your spare time, especially with a house, a partner and a family to take care of, but there’s no____35____ to give up on your hobbies. In fact, it makes it even more____36____to reserve time to follow your____37____.
If you want people to____38____your passions, do it first. Run after them____39____. They are not only an important part of you, but they are a much-needed____40____if you feel depressed.
21. A. food B. health C. travelling D. drawing
22. A. hoped B. rushed C. failed D. agreed
23. A. find B. possess C. visit D. imagine
24. A. silly B. wise C. lucky D. crazy
25. A. quickly B. directly C. curiously D. accidentally
26. A. studio B. passage C. toilet D. shelter
27. A. common B. terrible C. fantastic D. artificial
28. A. absorbed B. consumed C. decorated D. combined
29. A. buried B. piled C. mixed D. donated
30. A. words B. feelings C. talent D. honor
31. A. fade B. matter C. work D. remain
32. A. protect B. praise C. polish D. mention
33. A. apply to B. act out C. refer to D. cross out
34. A. demands B. thanks C. expenses D. burdens
35. A. chance B. reward C. problem D. reason
36. A. urgent B. important C. flexible D. convenient
37. A. ambition B. conscience C. interest D. prejudice
38. A. reject B. respect C. promote D. follow
39. A. confidently B. politely C. gently D. purposely
40. A. excuse B. guidance C. outcome D. comfort
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. B 37. C 38. B 39. A 40. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者父母的朋友玛格丽特说自己的爱好是一件蠢事，结果作者无疑中看到她的画，画得非常好。然而，它们都在一间后卧室靠墙堆放着，谁也看不见。 没人把玛格丽特的才能当回事，因为她让每个人都觉得这无关紧要。作者由此指出如果你有兴趣，请保护它，他们不仅是你重要的一部分，而且当你感到沮丧时，他们是你非常需要的安慰。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，玛格丽特不能参加晚宴，因为她要去参加一个画画俱乐部，这是她经常参加的。A. food食物；B. health健康；C. travelling旅行；D. drawing图画。根据后文“paintings for myself”可知玛格丽特参加的是画画俱乐部。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次我问玛格丽特关于她的作品，她急忙贬低它。A. hoped希望；B. rushed急忙；C. failed失败；D. agreed同意。根据后文“to minimise it. “Oh, it’s really nothing.”可知玛格丽特不认为自己画画很好，急忙贬低它。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们只是参观了当地的风景名胜，并在那里玩水彩画。A. find找到；B. possess拥有；C. visit拜访；D. imagine想象。根据后文“local beauty spots”指参观当地风景名胜。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这只是我做的一件蠢事。A. silly愚蠢的；B. wise明智的；C. lucky幸运的；D. crazy疯狂的。呼应后文“saw the “silly” paintings”指玛格丽特说自己的作品很愚蠢。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：找厕所的时候，我不小心上楼走进她的工作室，亲眼看到了那些“傻”画。A. quickly快速地；B. directly直接地；C. curiously好奇地；D. accidentally意外地。根据上文“Looking for the bathroom”可知作者是在找厕所的时候意外走近了工作室的。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：找厕所的时候，我不小心上楼走进她的工作室，亲眼看到了那些“傻”画。A. studio工作室；B. passage文章；C. toilet马桶；D. shelter收容所。根据后文“and saw the “silly” paintings for myself”可知看到画应该是在工作室里。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们太棒了！A. common普通的；B. terrible糟糕的；C. fantastic迷人的；D. artificial人工的。根据后文描述“Beautiful nature scenes”可知这些画很棒。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：美丽的自然景色将水、光和风景完美地结合在一起。A. absorbed吸收；B. consumed消耗；C. decorated装饰；D. combined结合。根据后文“water, light and scenery perfectly”指美丽的自然景色将水、光和风景完美地结合在一起。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，它们都在一间后卧室靠墙堆放着，谁也看不见。A. buried埋葬；B. piled堆积；C. mixed混合；D. donated捐赠。根据后文“against the wall in a back bedroom, seen by no one”可知这些美丽的画都在一间后卧室靠墙堆放着，谁也看不见。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没人把玛格丽特的才能当回事，因为她让每个人都觉得这无关紧要。A. words话语；B. feelings感觉；C. talent才能；D. honor荣誉。根据上文可知玛格丽特的画非常美，有绘画的才能天赋。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：没人把玛格丽特的才能当回事，因为她让每个人都觉得这无关紧要。A. fade褪色；B. matter重要；C. work工作；D. remain保持。根据上文玛格丽特说自己的画是愚蠢的事情，可见她让每个人都觉得这无关紧要。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，如果你有激情，请保护它。A. protect保护；B. praise赞美；C. polish抛光；D. mention提及。根据后文“Talk about it proudly.”可知作者认为要保护自己的爱好。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你说你的爱好是“愚蠢的”，其他人就不会认真对待。A. apply to适用于；B. act out表演；C. refer to涉及；D. cross out删去。根据后文“your hobbies as “silly”,”指说你的爱好是“愚蠢的”。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：是的，在你的业余时间里，你有无数其他的需求，尤其是要照顾房子、伴侣和家庭，但你没有理由放弃你的爱好。A. demands要求；B. thanks感谢；C. expenses花费；D. burdens负担。根据后文“in your spare time, especially with a house, a partner and a family to take care of”指有其它的需求需要考虑，故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：是的，在你的业余时间里，你有无数其他的需求，尤其是要照顾房子、伴侣和家庭，但你没有理由放弃你的爱好。A. chance机会；B. reward奖励；C. problem问题；D. reason理由。根据后文“to give up on your hobbies”指没有理由放弃爱好。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，它使预留时间跟随你的兴趣变得更重要。A. urgent紧急的；B. important重要的；C. flexible灵活的；D. convenient方便的。根据上文“In fact, it makes it even more”可知，其他需求反而使得预留时间跟随你的兴趣变得更重要。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，它使预留时间跟随你的兴趣变得更重要。A. ambition抱负；B. conscience良知；C. interest兴趣；D. prejudice偏见。呼应上文“give up on your hobbies”指追随自己的兴趣。故选C。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你想让人们尊重你的热情，你自己首先要尊重。A. reject拒绝；B. respect尊重；C. promote促进；D. follow跟随。根据后文“your passions, do it first”可知指尊重激情，故选B。
【39题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：自信地追求他们。A. confidently自信地；B. politely礼貌地；C. gently温柔地；D. purposely故意地。根据上文“Run after them”指自信地追求自己的激情爱好。故选A。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们不仅是你重要的一部分，而且当你感到沮丧时，他们是你非常需要的安慰。A. excuse借口；B. guidance指导；C. outcome结果；D. comfort安慰。根据后文“if you feel depressed”可知兴趣可以在你沮丧的时候安慰你。故选D。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
语法填空
“That is a sleeping dragon.” Napoleon,____41____was the future French emperor, once said. “Let him sleep! If he wakes, he will shake the world.” In 1803, he recognized China’s potential. In charge____42____the greatest military and economic power of his day, Napoleon had an eye for opponents. Now, China’s total domestic product passed____43____of both Britain and France. If Napoleon arrived in Beijing today, he would____44____(undoubted) say, “I told you so.”
Nowhere is China’s influence more apparent than Beijing. As China’s____45____(politics) and cultural center of China, Beijing offers a quick look into the nation’s expansive history and its rapid____46____(develop). You’ll find preserved palaces spreading elbows with new subway stations and peaceful lamaseries(藏传佛教寺院)____47____(share) space with world-class stadiums. Many of the city’s historical sites, such as the Forbidden City and Tiananmen Square , ____48____(be) well-known to the world. Yet, the most popular attraction____49____(locate) outside Beijing: The Great Wall of China winds through the hills north of the city. When you witness this____50____(astonish) accomplishment of ancient China, you too will sense the great potential of this modern country.
【答案】41. who
42. of 43. that
44. undoubtedly
45. political
46. development
47. sharing
48. are 49. is located
50. astonishing

【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了中国的崛起和其首都北京的盛景。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：未来法国的皇帝拿破仑曾经说过。分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句；从句缺少主语，先行词是Napoleon，所以用指代人的关系代词；从句是非限制性定语从句。故填who。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：由于掌握着当时最强大的军事和经济力量，拿破仑对对手有着敏锐的眼力。根据句意及空格前in charge，可知此处考查短语in charge of（负责）。故填of。
【43题详解】
考查代词。句意：现在，中国的国内生产总值超过了英国和法国。根据句意及句子结构，可知此处填代词，指代前面的名词China’s total domestic product ，表示中国和英法之间的生产总值的比较，所以用可以指代同类异物的代词that。故填that。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：如果拿破仑今天来到北京，他肯定会说:“我早告诉过你了。”根据句意及句子结构，可知此处要填副词用来修饰动词say。故填undoubtedly。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：作为中国的政治和文化中心，北京可以让人们快速了解这个国家广阔的历史和快速的发展。根据空格后并列连词及形容词cultural，可知此处填形容词修饰后面的名词center。故填political。
【46题详解】
考查名词。句意：作为中国的政治和文化中心，北京可以让人们快速了解这个国家广阔的历史和快速的发展。根据空格前its和形容词rapid，可知空格处填名词。故填development。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：你会发现保存完好的宫殿遍布着新的地铁站，宁静的喇嘛庙与世界级的体育场共享空间。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词，在句中做定语修饰前面的名词lamaseries，其余所填词之间是主动关系。故填sharing。
【48题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：这个城市的许多历史古迹，如紫禁城和天安门广场，都是世界闻名的。分析句子结构可知，此处要填谓语动词，主语是Many of the city’s historical sites（城市里的许多历史遗迹），故填are。
【49题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：然而，最受欢迎的景点位于北京以外:中国的长城蜿蜒穿过北京北部的群山。分析句子结构可知，此处要填谓语动词；根据句意，可知此处考查动词短语be located（坐落）；句子主语是the most popular attraction，所以用三单式。故填is located。
【50题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当你们目睹中国古代的惊人成就时，你们也会感受到这个现代国家的巨大潜力。根据句意及分析句子结构，可知此处要填形容词，修饰后面的名词accomplishment of ancient China。故填astonishing。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 短文改错
As school students, we run into one difficulty after another in the process of learning. Everyone has his or her own way deal with them. Here I would like to share me.
When faced with a difficulty, I usually chose to refer to relevant learned materials or web pages. With this way, I can not only work it out and improve my ability to overcome problems all by myself. Therefore, when it is something beyond my competence, I turn to my classmates or teachers for a help. Sometimes I also ask my parents for advices. As a result, I have made steadily progress in my studies.
【答案】1.deal前加to
2.me→mine
3.chose→choose
4.learned→learning
5.With→In
6.and→but
7.Therefore→However
8.删掉a
9.advices→advice
10.steadily→steady
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作者处理学习过程中遇到困难的方式，自主查阅资料，向老师或同学寻求帮助，或者征求父母的意见。这些方式帮助作者在学习上取得了稳步的进步。
【详解】1.考查动词不定式。句意：每个人都有他或她自己的方式处理它们。分析可知，“one’s own way to do sth”，固定短语，意为“某人自己做某事的方式”，其中动词不定式为之前名词“way”的后置定语。故在deal前加to。
2.考查名词性物主代词。句意：在此，我愿与大家分享我的方式。结合前文并分析句意可知，“Here I would like to share me.”应是表达“我想要在这里分享我的方式”，因此，动词“share”的宾语应是“我的方式”，即，“my way”，为避免重复，可用名词性物主代词“mine”代替。故将me改为mine。
3.考查时态。句意：当遇到困难时，我通常会选择查阅相关的学习资料或网页。结合时间状语“usually”和文章语境可知，句子应是一般现在时，主语“I”为第一人称单数，动词用原形即可。故将chose改为choose。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意：当遇到困难时，我通常会选择查阅相关的学习资料或网页。分析可知，“learned”应是名词“materials(资料)”的定语，动词“learn”与其之间为主动关系，应是现在分词作主语，说明被修饰名词的功能和性质。故将learned改为learning。
5.考查介词和固定短语。句意：这样，我不仅可以解决它，而且可以提高我自己解决问题的能力。分析可知，“in this way”，固定短语，意为“这样；用这种方式”。故将With改为In。
6.考查连词和固定短语。句意：这样，我不仅可以解决它，而且可以提高我自己解决问题的能力。分析可知，“not only…but(also)…”，固定短语，意为“不仅……而且……”。故将and改为but。
7.考查副词。句意：然而，当事情超出我的能力，我寻求我的同学或老师的帮助。分析可知，后文“when it is something beyond my competence, I turn to my classmates or teachers for a help(当事情超出我的能力时，我向我的同学或老师寻求帮助)”与前文“all by myself(靠我自己)”之间为转折关系，因此后文句首应是表达转折含义的副词“however”。故将Therefore改为However。
8.考查冠词和固定短语。句意：然而，当事情超出我的能力，我寻求我的同学或老师的帮助。分析可知，“help”在句中意为“帮助”，为抽象名词，是不可数名词，无需不定冠词a。“ask sb. for help”，固定短语，意为“向某人寻求帮助”。故将a删掉。
9.考查不可数名词。句意：有时我也向我的父母征求意见。分析可知，“advice”，意为“建议”，为不可数名词。故将advices改为advice。
10.考查形容词。句意：因此，我在学习上取得了稳步的进步。分析可知，形容词作定语修饰名词“progress(进步)”。故将steadily改为steady。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 某英文杂志Culture专栏准备刊登两只来自中国的大熊猫“团团”和“圆圆”的照片，请你写篇短文，配发在照片旁。
内容包括：1.对大熊猫的介绍（如外貌特征、生活习性等）；
2.“团团”和“圆圆”的名字寓意。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】 The two pandas are named Tuantuan and Yuanyuan. They are so lovely. They are fat and plump like bears. Look at their black eyes, as if they were wearing a big pair of sunglasses. They have a big belly and a short tail. Living in the south of China, the giant pandas like to eat bamboos. Their favorite activity is climbing trees.
The pandas have been sent to China Taiwan as a gift by Chinese mainland. Their names have special meanings, which express Chinese people’s hope for the reunification of the mainland and Taiwan.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给即将刊登中国大熊猫“团团”和“圆圆”照片的英文杂志Culture专栏，写篇短文，配发在照片旁。内容包括：对大熊猫的介绍（如外貌特征、生活习性等）；“团团”和“圆圆”的名字寓意。
【详解】1.词汇积累
可爱的：lovely→cute
圆胖的：plump→chubby
巨大的：giant→big
礼物：gift→present
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：The two pandas are named Tuantuan and Yuanyuan. They are so lovely.
拓展句：The two pandas whose names are Tuantuan and Yuanyuan are very lovely.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Look at their black eyes, as if they were wearing a big pair of sunglasses. (运用了虚拟语气)
[高分句型2] Their names have special meanings, which express Chinese people’s hope for the reunification of the mainland and Taiwan.(运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句)