人教版新高考英语二轮复习课件　阅读理解

这是一份人教版新高考英语二轮复习课件　阅读理解，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了内容索引，命题透析•知考情，策略指导•觅捷径，解题流程 ，考点一 细节理解题，命题特点，技巧点拨，第二步 比对选项 ，解题微技能 ，考点二 推理判断题等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一部分
专题一　阅读理解
英 语
2022
高中总复习优化设计
GAO ZHONG ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI
内容索引
No . 1　考情透析•明晰阅读理解考什么　
No.2　读文总策略•破解阅读理解必备3大策略
No.3　题型微技法•提升阅读理解解题13大技法
No.4　真题实战•经典对练拿高分
No . 1　考情透析•明晰阅读 理解考什么　
命题透析•知考情
策略指导•觅捷径
No.2　读文总策略•破解阅读 理解必备3大策略
策略一　运用4大记忆方法,学会扩充词汇
技法1　利用词缀记单词　 英语词缀分为前缀和后缀两种。加于词根前的叫前缀; 加于词根后的叫后缀。一般说来, 前缀只是改变词义, 并不改变词性; 后缀不仅可以改变词义, 还可以改变词性。
1.前缀(1)mis-坏的; 错的behave→misbehave 行为不端calculate→miscalculate 误算lead→mislead 误导; 引入歧途; 使误信(2)over-太; 过于sleep→oversleep 睡得太久anxious→overanxious 过于焦虑的load→overload 使超载weight→overweight 过重的; 超重的
(3)dis-; in-; il-; im-; ir-; un- 不; 非; 相反please→displease 使不悦ability→inability 无能legal→illegal 不合法的patient→impatient 不耐烦的regular→irregular 不规则的natural→unnatural 不自然的(4)micro-百万分之一; 微小的computer→microcomputer 微型计算机wave→microwave 微波炉phone→microphone 麦克风
2.后缀(1)动词转化为名词的后缀①-al 表示过程或状态 approve→approval 赞成survive→survival 幸存②-ance/-ence 表示行动或状况appear→appearance 出现; 外貌exist→existence 存在
③-ion/-tion/-ation 表示状态或行为direct→direction 方向; 指导expect→expectation 期待; 期望explain→explanation 解释④-ment 表示行为或结果achieve→achievement 成就develop→development 发展argue→argument 争论; 论据
⑤-ure 表示行动或过程、结果等fail→failure 失败press→pressure压力expose→exposure 面临; 暴露⑥-y 表示……的动作(或过程)recover→recovery 恢复; 痊愈discover→discovery 发现
(2)形容词转化为名词的后缀①-age表示状态或状况、数量或费用short→shortage不足; 短缺②-cy 表示具有……的状态(或性质)fluent→fluency 流利; 流畅accurate→accuracy 准确(性)private→privacy 隐私efficient→efficiency 效率
③-dom 表示状况或状态等free→freedom 自由wise→wisdom 智慧④-ness 表示……的性质(或状态、特点)dark→darkness 黑暗weak→weakness 虚弱kind→kindness 善良cold→coldness 冷淡; 冷漠aware→awareness 知道; 意识
⑤-th 表示动作或过程warm→warmth 温暖true→truth 真相deep→depth 深(度)⑥-y/-ity 表示性质或状态difficult→difficulty困难safe→safety 安全responsible→responsibility 责任
⑦-ent变为-ence, -ant变为-ancedifferent→difference 不同(之处)important→importance 重要(性)
(3)名词或动词转化为形容词的后缀
技法2　利用易错比较记单词　 有些单词的相似度很高, 给考生的记忆带来了很大的困难。通过比较这些易错词汇, 对单词的记忆会起到事半功倍的效果。1.词义易错位, 如: imaginative(富于想象力的); imaginary (虚构的)。2.加前缀、后缀之后, 意义不同, 如: like(喜欢; 像);dislike(不喜欢); unlike(不像); likely(可能的)。3.貌似前后缀, 但并无 “血缘关系”, 如: whether(是否)与weather(天气); aboard(上船、飞机等)与abroad(在国外)。
技法3　利用熟词生义记单词　 有些单词的某些词义比较常用, 而其他词义则比较生僻, 虽然这些词在教材中出现过, 但没有给出全部的汉语意思。在高考试卷中, 考生往往会遇到有些单词貌似熟悉, 但在阅读文章时却搞不清它们的意思的情况, 这就是熟词生义现象。
技法4　通过阅读记忆词汇　 新课程标准的要求很明确, 大量阅读、深度阅读、反复阅读是提高词汇量的重要手段。通过大量阅读, 我们能够在实际的语境中不断学习新词汇; 通过深度阅读, 我们能够掌握新词汇的正确表达方式; 通过反复阅读, 我们能够巩固学习过的词汇与其表达方式, 达到 “温故知新” 的目的。在阅读时, 对于生词一般有如下两种处理方式:
1.不影响阅读的词汇——跳过去在阅读中遇到生词时, 不妨先问自己一个问题——这些生词有没有进行精确猜测的必要。高考试题中经常会出现一些生词, 即使不知道它们的精确含义也不会影响对基本句意的理解。对于这类词, 不要耗费过多精力, 尽管放心大胆地 “跳过去”。2.影响阅读的词汇——猜出来有时候, 一些生词(包括已经暂时遗忘的已经学过的单词)对阅读来说存在很大的障碍, 会影响我们对上下文的理解, 这时我们就必须弄清楚这些词的精确含义。对于这类词, 需要运用阅读技巧尽力 “猜出来”。
策略二　运用4招技法, 破解长难句
技法1　据谓语, 找主干　 一般情况下, 一个谓语形式的动词会有对应其动作的发出者(主语), 我们可以根据谓语动词来确定主语。而且, 如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语动词, 则该句可能是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外)。例如: 【典例印证1】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, D) The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being.
技法剖析找谓语: 分析句子成分可知, 本句的主干句为 The most positive aspect is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion; 谓语为 is。找主语: 由谓语is可知, 主语为The most positive aspect。析成分: 此句为主系表结构。主语的中心词为 aspect; 谓语为is; 表语为a new and much needed emphasis on emotion; by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being是介词短语做状语。句意: 这种普及的最积极的方面是雇主、教育工作者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人在情感方面有一个全新的和迫切需要的重视。
【典例印证2】(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷, B) After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. 技法剖析找谓语: 分析句子成分可知, 本句为一个主从复合句。主句为Jennifer attended a local technical college; 从句为because there was ...education, because引导的是原因状语从句。主句谓语为attended; because引导的从句的谓语为was。找主语: 由主句谓语attended可知, 主句主语为Jennifer; 从句为一个there be句式, 是一个完全倒装句, 因此主语在后面。
析成分: After high school为时间状语; working to pay...为非谓语动词短语做状语修饰主句; because引导的从句中, set aside for a college education是动词-ed形式短语做定语修饰money。句意: 高中毕业后, Jennifer去了当地的一家技术学院上学, (同时)打工挣钱交学费, 因为没有多余的钱用于大学教育。
技法2　提主干, 去枝叶　 一般情况下, 一个结构复杂的句子中主句所表达的信息为主要信息, 从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来, 就不能完全把握句子的核心意思, 从而导致思维混乱、主次不分。因此, 提炼句子主干是把握句子核心意思的关键。例如: 【典例印证1】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, C) About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.
技法剖析提主干: 句子主干为 About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund。去枝叶: 句中的不定式to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System做目的状语。that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come为同位语从句。句意: 每枚鸭票中约98分直接进入候鸟保护基金, 用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地, 纳入国家野生动物保护区系统——这确保了这片土地将得到保护,造福给子孙后代。
【典例印证2】(2021·全国乙卷, B) That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).技法剖析提主干: 句子主干为 the only people are our Baby Boomers parents。去枝叶: 第一个who 引导定语从句修饰主语 the only people; where... the phone 是由 where 引导的定语从句, 修饰point, 此定语从句中又包含由who 引导的宾语从句(who is calling), 做guess 的宾语。句意: 话虽如此, 老实说, 唯一给我们家里座机打电话的人是生育高峰期出生的父母们, 以至于我们把接电话前猜是谁打来的当成了一种游戏(使用来电显示会失去这种乐趣)。
技法3　寻关联, 辨逻辑　 一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句, 而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词, 就能够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系, 弄清楚主句的意义和各从句的意义, 这样长句就容易理解了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中常见的关联词熟记于心。例如: 【典例印证1】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, D) Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.
技法剖析提主干: 句子主干为 we hope that...。寻关联, 辨逻辑: 此句为复合句, Although引导的是让步状语从句。主句we hope that...中的that引导的是宾语从句。句意: 尽管情商持续受到大众的青睐是可取的, 但我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感的科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。
【典例印证2】(2021·全国乙卷, B) Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket —19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. 技法剖析提主干: 句子主干为a third concede...。
寻关联, 辨逻辑: Of those Australians who still have a landline 为表示范围的状语, 其中包含一个 who 引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词 Australians; that 引导宾语从句; 破折号后的内容 19 percent say they never use it... emergencies 是对前面内容的进一步解释说明, 里面的while 是转折连词, 意为 “而”, 用于对比其前后两句的内容。句意: 在那些仍然拥有座机的澳大利亚人中, 有三分之一承认这其实不是必需的, 他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人说他们从不使用座机, 另有13%的人保留座机以防有紧急情况。
技法4　看搭配, 防分隔　 有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个结构搭配构成的, 并且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。考生若受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的“本来面目”, 那么对句意的理解就会发生偏差, 因此要明辨句中的搭配。例如: 【典例印证1】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, C) The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.
技法剖析提主干: 本句主干为 The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling。寻关联, 辨逻辑: who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey为定语从句。看搭配, 防分隔: a political cartoonist from Des Moines , Iowa是J.N. “Ding” Darling的同位语。句意: 第一枚联邦鸭票是由J.N.“Ding” Darling设计的, 他是一位来自艾奥瓦州得梅因的政治漫画家, 他当时被富兰克林·罗斯福总统任命为生物调查局局长。
【典例印证2】(2020·全国Ⅰ卷, 完形填空) Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won’t hesitate to open them and walk through.技法剖析提主干: 本句主干为 they won’t hesitate to open them and walk through。寻关联, 辨逻辑: when they come to other doors in life为时间状语从句。看搭配, 防分隔: be they real or metaphorical为插入语, 对other doors进行补充说明; be they real or metaphorical 是一个倒装句, 结构为“be+主语+A or B”, 意为 “无论主语是A还是B”。句意: 然后, 当他们在人生中遇到其他门时, 无论是真实的还是隐喻性的, 他们都会毫不犹豫地打开它们并且走进去。
策略三　掌握4步解题流程,提升读文速度
【典例印证】(2020·全国Ⅲ卷, C)With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together. The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law: she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor. “We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,”says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in:“We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”
It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013. Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991. The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married.
解题流程
No.3　题型微技法•提升阅读 理解解题13大技法
考点一 细节理解题
高考阅读理解中的细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实或细节进行理解。有些问题考生可以直接从文中找到明确的答案, 有些则需要考生在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理, 如计算、判断、比较等。细节理解题在高考试卷中占很大的比例, 尤其是在应用文、说明文和记叙文中, 更加侧重对细节理解题的考查。
命题特点
细节理解题约占总题量的60%。细节理解题多数比较直接, 理解字面意思即可解答; 也有一些题目相对间接, 需要归纳总结才能解答。明确正确选项和干扰选项的特点, 是做好此类题目的关键。
技巧点拨
技法1　直接信息题——题干关键词定位法　 直接信息题一般在文中能直接找到明确的信息, 往往只考查文章中的个别事实, 通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。【解题微技能】
【典例印证】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, D)
思维流程第一步: 定位区间1.抓关键: 题干中的关键词是misunderstanding of emotional intelligence。2.锁信息: 根据关键词确定关键信息句为本段的第二句 “Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and ‘people skills’.”。
第二步: 比对选项
第三步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为D项。
【对点微练习】A(2021·浙江温州3月适应性测试)...It was after a close family friend died of pancreatic cancer that Jack Andraka became interested in finding a better diagnostic test. Jack said the solution came to him during his high school biology class. He was secretly reading an article about nanotubes (纳米管) while the teacher was talking about antibodies. Jack said the two ideas came together in his head, and he thought he could combine what the teacher was saying with what he knew about nanotubes to create an early detection test for pancreatic cancer.
...Why did Jack decide to work on the diagnostic test?A.The existing test was not widely used.B.He wanted to win a prize in a science fair.C.A family friend died of pancreatic cancer.D.He got inspired in his high school biology class.
答案 C　解析 根据题干关键词diagnostic test可确定关键句为此段的第一句 “It was after a close family friend died of pancreatic cancer that Jack Andraka became interested in finding a better diagnostic test.”。由此可知, 正是在一位亲朋好友死于胰腺癌后, 他才开始对寻找更好的诊断测试感兴趣。故选C项。
B(2021·浙江金华十校4月模拟)...It was a crazy idea to start with. For five years now, they have been saying that this lawn is the most walked lawn in the world. It’s a symbol of honour, particularly because the lawn on the top deck of the ship has special challenges at sea, including “burns” from the salt water, which must be washed off immediately and clearance checks before the ship can pull in to shore....What is a special challenge that the lawn faces?A.Bad weather.　　　 B.Salt water.C.Rare soil. D.Strict restrictions.
答案 B　解析 根据题干中的关键词a special challenge可定位至此段的 “It’s a symbol of honour, particularly because the lawn on the top deck of the ship has special challenges at sea, including ‘burns’ from the salt water, which must be washed off immediately and clearance checks before the ship can pull in to shore.”。由此可知, 特殊的挑战包括来自海水的 “烧伤”, 必须立即冲洗干净。故选B项。
技法2　间接信息题——断章取义法　 间接信息题一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息, 要求在理解的基础上, 将原文信息进行加工或整理后得出结论。[正确选项特征](1)同义或近义词(组)复现。(2)同根词或原词复现。(3)语言简化(简化原文中的复杂语言现象, 并将其设置为答案)。(4)反义词复现(将原文中的意思反过来表达)。
[干扰项特征](1)张冠李戴。(2)无中生有。(3)颠倒是非。(4)正误参半。
【解题微技能】
【典例印证】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, A)
思维流程第一步: 定位区间1.抓关键: 题干中的关键词是Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes。2.锁信息: 根据关键词在文中找到信息源——However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.。由此可知, Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes的缺点是Wi-Fi收费。
第二步: 比对选项
第三步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为C项。
【对点微练习】A(2021·广东深圳二模)...The foundation is only part of a bigger plan for this economic and cultural centre in China. Along the Huangpu River, a massive waterfront art area is being built. Shanghai hopes to play a larger role in the global art industry in the coming years....
What is Shanghai’s bigger plan for the Bund area?A.To improve its influence in arts.B.To bring up more traditional buildings.C.To strengthen its economic role.D.To mix modern and historic elements.
答案 A　解析 根据题干关键词bigger plan可定位至本段的 “Shanghai hopes to play a larger role in the global art industry in the coming years.”。由此可知, 上海希望未来几年在全球艺术产业中发挥更大的作用。play a larger role意为 “发挥更大作用”, 与A项的improve its influence 为同义表达。故选A项。
B(2021·浙江杭州高三质检)...Meanwhile, the San Diego Safari Park has kept its webcams (网络摄像机) rolling, allowing fans to enjoy lovable animals without leaving home. Animals in the wild are also lively as humans stay indoors. The absence of cruise ships is bringing large numbers of dolphins to a port in Cagliari, while groups of wild turkeys are happily walking on the streets of Oakland....
Why has the San Diego Safari Park kept its webcams rolling?A.To enable people to admire animals at home.B.To film the animals wandering about in the zoo.C.To compete for more viewers online.D.To record people’s life.
答案 A　解析 根据题干关键词San Diego Safari Park可定位至本段的 “Meanwhile, the San Diego Safari Park has kept its webcams rolling, allowing fans to enjoy lovable animals without leaving home.”。由此可知, 这个动物园的摄像头一直在滚动, 让粉丝们足不出户就能欣赏到可爱的动物。 此句与A项中的enable people to admire animals at home为同义表达。故选A项。
技法3　数字计算题——查读分析法　 这类题可能会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算, 计算量一般都比较小。但是英语阅读中的数字计算题必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些 “暗” 信息会涉及对某个难句的理解, 从这个角度上来讲, 理解文中对应的复杂句是解答这类题目的关键。[命题方式]以when, in which year, how many/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。[注意事项]1.特殊数词: decade十年; fortnight两周; double两倍; couple一对; score二十; dozen十二。2.此类题目易出现的特殊词汇: off减价的; discount 折扣。
【解题微技能】
【典例印证】(2021·全国乙卷, A)
思维流程第一步: 定位区间1.抓关键: 题干中的关键词是Circus Maximus。2.锁信息: 用Circus Maximus寻读, 在文中找到信息源——However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.。
第二步: 比对选项
第三步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为D项。
【对点微练习】A(2021·北京西城统一测试)...TICKET PRICES
How much should a couple with a 5-year-old child who would like to own a Van Gogh cushion at least pay for the visit?A.$109.98. B.$154.98.C.$159.98. D.$199.98.
答案 B　解析 根据题干的 a couple with a 5-year-old child who would like to own a Van Gogh cushion 可知, 一共有两个成人和一个五岁的小孩。结合表格中的 “Ages 6-16 (children 5 and under do not require a ticket)” 可知, 五岁以下的小孩不需要门票。题干中还提到own a Van Gogh cushion, 根据表格第一行可知, 想要得到一个Van Gogh cushion, 必须其中一人购买VIP TICKETS, 即需要$99.99。另一个人只需要购买BASIC TICKETS, 即需要$54.99, 因此, 至少需要$154.98。故选B项。
B(2021·湖北武汉3月质检)...It’s time for our fall talent show to be held at the Middle School Little Theatre on Friday, Nov.13th. If there are too many acts for one show, an additional performance will be added two days before the show....When will possible additional performances be added?A.October 9th. B.November 13th.C.November 11th. D.October 7th.
答案 C　解析 根据本段 “It’s time for our fall talent show to be held at the Middle School Little Theatre on Friday, Nov.13th. If there are too many acts for one show, an additional performance will be added two days before the show.” 可知, 秋季才艺表演将于11月13日星期五举行。如果一场演出的表演过多, 将在演出的前两天增加一场演出。才艺表演的演出时间为11月13日, 那么额外增加的表演时间应该在11月11日。故选C项。
命题特点
考点二 推理判断题
推理判断题主要考查考生在理解原文字面意义的基础上, 由里及外, 结合常识, 对语篇逻辑关系和细节暗示等进行分析、推理和判断的能力。考生需要从整体上把握语篇内容, 透过字里行间, 体会作者的 “言外之意” 和 “弦外之音”。推理判断题属于较高层次的阅读理解题。
技巧点拨
技法1　写作意图题——写作文体法　 写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章内容, 揣测作者的写作目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图, 而是通过文章所提供的事实, 客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。 高考中既可能考查文章的写作目的, 也可能考查某处细节的写作意图。
【解题微技能】
【典例印证】(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷, C)In the mid-1990s,Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers....
What is the purpose of this text?A.To introduce a book.B.To explain a cultural phenomenon.C.To remember a writer.D.To recommend a travel destination.
思维流程第一步: 通读全文, 确定文体本文是一篇说明文。文章开头引出了Tom Bissell写书的背景, 从第二段到最后一段分别介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容以及对这本书的评价。第二步: 根据写作手法, 寻找关键信息第一段通过介绍Tom Bissell想写一篇有关咸海消失的文章引出第二段开头的主旨句, 即结果不只是写了一篇文章, 而是写了一本关于其陆路旅行见闻的书。
第三步: 比对选项
第四步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为A项。
【对点微练习】A(2021·山东滨州一模)A sheet of transparent new material at a lab looks like it might be plastic. But it’s actually wood—and it could eventually be used to make energy-efficient windows or even see-through buildings.Compared to glass, wood has lower thermal conductivity...Researchers have experimented with transparent wood in the past, but the new method is more sustainable.......The transparent wood is 50% stronger than previous transparent wood...
What’s the purpose of the text?A.To commercialise the transparent wood.B.To promote a new building material product.C.To raise the public awareness of environmental protection.D.To introduce the transparent wood, a new construction material.
答案 D　解析 本文是一篇说明文, 文章主要介绍了一种新型建筑材料——透明木头。文章开头提到, 一片看起来像是塑料的新材料实际上是木头。最终这种材料可能被用来制造节能窗户, 甚至是透明建筑。从第二段开始介绍了这种新型建筑材料的环保性、可持续性、坚固性等。故选D项。
B(2021·全国百强 “领军考试”) ...The Rise team believes teenagers can be very effective agents of change. Do you want to make a difference too? If so, consider applying to Rise. But most importantly, remember that you can change the world from anywhere and at any age.
What’s the purpose of the author writing the passage?A.To introduce a non-profit programme.B.To praise outstanding young people.C.To explain why Rise prefers teenagers.D.To appeal to teenagers to join Rise.
答案 D　解析 根据本段的 “If so, consider applying to Rise. But most importantly, remember that you can change the world from anywhere and at any age.” 可知, 作者写此文的目的是呼吁年轻人加入Rise, 为改变世界做出贡献。故选 D项。
技法2　观点态度题——关键词句法　 观点态度推断题是常考的一种题型, 题干中常用到attitude, opinion等标志词, 主要考查以下两个方面: (1)作者对某件事的观点和态度; (2)文中人物对某件事的观点和态度。
【解题微技能】1.掌握表达观点态度的关键词文章作者或者文中人物对某事物所持的态度或者观点往往隐含在字里行间或者流露于修饰词之中, 这就要求考生注意文中作者或者文中人物的措辞。作者或者文中人物的态度和观点一般有以下几类:
2.寻找表达观点态度的关键信息(1)根据首段或者末段的首尾句, 往往能确定文章主题, 判断作者的观点态度。(2)but后的语言往往是表达作者或者文中人物观点态度的关键信息。(3)作者所举的例子或者所引用的话语, 也往往用来表达作者或文中人物的态度或倾向。(4)文章语言中隐含的褒贬话语, 也是判断作者态度的关键信息。
【典例印证】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, D)...Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life....
What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?A.Favorable.　　　　　B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.
思维流程第一步: 明确题干的关键词题干中的关键词为the author’s attitude, 表明这里问的是作者的态度。第二步: 寻找文中关键信息根据此段的 “... the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.” 及 “The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers...” 可知, 作者认为情商普及对人们是有利的。句中的more beneficial, has helped都是表达 “赞成” 的关键词。
第三步: 比对选项
第四步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为 A项。
【对点微练习】A(2021·山东潍坊一模)...Americans have a fondness for plus-size portions, plus-size clothing and media that have plus signs in their names. Mercifully, the plus thing hasn’t yet reached more important aspects of our lives.What’s the author’s attitude towards the trend?A.Objective. B.Critical.C.Tolerant. D.Skeptical.
答案 B　解析 根据本段的 “Mercifully, the plus thing hasn’t yet reached more important aspects of our lives.” 可知, 幸运的是, 这件事还没有影响到我们生活中更重要的方面。由此可推断, 作者对这一趋势持批判态度。故选B项。
B(2021·山东济南4月适应性考试)...There are no plans to eradicate the eels. Since they’re active at night and spend most of their time in the mud of lakes and rivers, spotting and removing them from the lake could be impossible. Officials say they will look for swamp eels during the agency’s next survey in the spring, but don’t expect them to make it through the winter. However, University of Toronto freshwater ecologist Nicholas Mandrak said, “Even if they don’t survive, they could have negative short-term effects.”
What is the officials’ opinion about dealing with the problem?A.It is risky. B.It is tricky.C.It takes patience. D.It requires legal support.
答案 B　解析 根据此段内容可知, 目前还没有根除鳗鱼的计划。因为一些原因彻底清除鳗鱼几乎是不可能的, 即使能清除, 也可能产生短期的负面影响。由此可以推知, 清除鳗鱼是很难办的。故选B项。
技法3　隐含信息题——3步推断法　 隐含信息推断题主要考查考生对全篇、全段、某些特定信息、上下文逻辑关系等进行准确理解的能力。考生要读懂这些 “言外之意”和 “弦外之音”。此类题目的题干中常出现infer, conclude, indicate, imply, suggest等词汇。
【解题微技能】
【典例印证】(2021·全国乙卷, D)During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street—so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works....
What can we infer about the author from the text?A.He’s a news reporter.B.He’s an office manager.C.He’s a professional designer.D.He’s a published writer.
思维流程第一步: 提炼题干中的关键词, 定位信息题干的关键词是 infer和 the author, 进而得知此题要求我们推断作者的身份。第二步: 寻找文中关键信息根据此段第一句 “During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often.” 可知, 作者提到有人采访自己的书。由此可以推断, 作者是一位作家。
第三步: 比对选项
第四步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为D项。
【对点微练习】A(2021·山东潍坊一模)...Now if you start focusing on what you’re working on, and then you look up at the timer and two minutes has passed, you may feel like you can’t hold on. And just let the thought go by, and return your focus to whatever you are working on. And when that 25 minutes is up you relax a little bit. You might wonder why that 25 minutes is the magic number, and the reality is we don’t really know. There’s not a lot of research on the Pomodoro technique, which is surprising because it’s so incredibly popular and people find it very useful....
What can be inferred about the Pomodoro technique from paragraph 2?A.The first two minutes is vital.B.25 minutes is a magic number.C.More research is around the corner.D.You may get discouraged when using it.
答案 D　解析 根据本段的 “Now if you start focusing on what you’re working on, and then you look up at the timer and two minutes has passed, you may feel like you can’t hold on.” 可知, 如果你现在开始专注于工作, 然后你抬头看计时器, 两分钟过去了,你可能会觉得自己撑不住了。由此可以推知, 使用这种技巧时你可能会感到沮丧。D项中的get discouraged与原文中的 can’t hold on 相吻合。故选D项。
B(2021·全国百强 “领军考试”) ...No one said parenting was easy, but it can be less unbearable if you let go of some control, teach your kids to do things independently, and trust them to self-regulate. Everyone comes out happier in the end.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Parenting has been the toughest job since ancient times.B.Allowing parents to self-regulate may be of great benefit.C.Less control may lead to a harmonious parent-child relationship.D.Children should be taught to things all by themselves to grow up.
答案 C　解析 根据本段 “No one said parenting was easy, but it can be less unbearable if you let go of some control, teach your kids to do things independently, and trust them to self-regulate. Everyone comes out happier in the end.” 可知, 如果你放弃一些控制权, 教你的孩子独立做事, 并相信他们能自我调节, 这就不会那么难以忍受了, 最后每个人都很开心。由此可以推知, 较少的控制可能会促成和谐的亲子关系。故选C项。
技法4　文章出处/类别题或者读者身份题——对号入座法　 推测文章的来源或者读者对象要求考生本身具备一定的常识。比如读者本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解, 这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座。这类题目的题干中常出现的关键词有 be intended for, be taken from, come from, be found in等。
【解题微技能】
【典例印证】(2021·全国甲卷, A)Take a view, the Landscape (风景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today’s most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.
...Where can the text be found?A.In a history book.　　B.In a novel.C.In an art magazine. D.In a biography.
思维流程第一步: 确定文体本文是应用文。第二步: 综合分析根据第一段可知, 每年参赛作品的高水准表明了该奖项是展示英国最佳风景摄影作品的完美平台。结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍可知, 这篇文章主要介绍了Take a view以及获奖的相关情况, 因此本文最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。
第三步: 比对选项
第四步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为C项。
【对点微练习】A(2021·山东烟台一模)Despite the lack of new releases due to the outbreak of the epidemic, there was no shortage of good films in 2020.We’ve picked out the top 4 films. Check them out!...In which column of the website could we read this text?A.Science.　　　　　　　B.History.C.Entertainment. D.Medicine.
答案 C　解析 文章开头表示虽然有疫情, 但2020年的好电影并不短缺, 并且列出了四部排名靠前的电影。由此可以推知, 文章可能选自网站的 “娱乐” 一栏。故选C项。
B(2021·山东滨州一模)How to Become a London Blue Badge Tourist GuideTo become a registered Blue Badge Tourist Guide working in London, you will need to take a course and gain accreditation from the Institute of Tourist Guiding.The Course...Applying for the Course...
Programme Content...Exams...
What kind of text is it?A.A report. B.A notice.C.A travel brochure. D.An advertisement.
答案 D　解析 根据文章第一段可知, 要成为一名在伦敦工作的注册Blue Badge Tourist Guide, 你需要参加一门课程并获得导游学院的认证。接下来, 利用四个有小标题的段落对这门课程进行了详细的介绍。由此可以推知, 这篇文章是一则广告。故选D项。
命题特点
考点三 主旨大意题
主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解, 要求考生对文章主旨或者段落大意有清晰的认识。此类题目常涉及主旨大意和标题归纳, 其中主旨大意题一般有概括文章大意和段落大意两种形式。
技巧点拨
技法1　文章大意题——利用写作手法　 此类题目考查考生对全文的把握程度, 考生要在理解全文的基础上对文章内容进行高度概括或者总结归纳。正确选项的特点是涵盖性强, 可以覆盖全文内容; 而以偏概全、无中生有, 都不会是文章的主旨。
【解题微技能】
【典例印证】(2020·全国Ⅱ卷, B)Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills. Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age. “The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes,”Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls. The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
What is the text mainly about?A.A mathematical method.B.A scientific study.C.A woman psychologist.D.A teaching program.
思维流程第一步: 锁定主题句主题句在文末, 也就是最后一段——The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.。这个研究结果发表在了一本杂志上, 因此这篇文章主要讲述了一项科学研究。第二步: 综合分析第一段首先引出一个现象, 然后利用转折连词but引出研究结果, 即玩拼图游戏能帮助孩子提高与数学相关的技巧。 第二到五段是研究过程; 最后一段得出研究结论。
第三步: 比对选项
第四步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为B项。
【对点微练习】A(2021·福建福州6月适应性练习)What about your emotions? How do they help you to understand what you are reading?In Jane Yolan’s Owl Moon, a girl explores with her father on a snowy night. She longs for this special night. And she’s amazed when she sees an owl. Have you felt longing before? Amazement? Well, if you have, it helps you have a sense of agreement. When we can put ourselves inside a story we can understand it better. Our brain tells us, “Oh, this girl’s experience is a bit like mine.” We can relate to her. But this skill is not natural. So young kids have to learn it.
Pictures and images help young readers to understand and recognise feelings. Readers feel joy when seeing the smiling faces of friends. They feel fear when turning the page to find a scary monster. They are just pictures, but the feelings are real. This skill, to understand the thinking and feeling of others, is what researchers call “theory of mind”. ...
But most young readers don’t go into deep, scary woods. And some may not go to the beach or play basketball. In the book Yo!Yes? two kids meet and play ball ... Some young readers might not play basketball, but they can read the clues on the page to figure out how the kids are feeling. And some readers might not like the game, but they can feel excited for the characters.
What is the text mainly about?A.How thinking influences reading. B.How readers improve reading skills. C.How emotions help enhance reading. D.How kids figure out the clues of stories.
答案 C　解析 本文是一篇说明文。通读全文可以看出, 文章首段包含文章主旨。根据首段 “What about your emotions? How do they help you to understand what you are reading?” 可知, 本文主要讲述了情绪如何帮助我们理解故事。故选C项。
B(2021·湖南高三第三次模拟)If you think of the jobs that robots could never do, you would probably put doctors and teachers at the top of the list. But are we underestimating(低估) what robots can do?In some cases, they already do better than doctors at diagnosing illness. Also, some patients might feel more comfortable sharing personal information with a machine than a person. Could there be a place for robots in education?
British education expert Anthony Seldon thinks so. He even has a date for the robot takeover of the classroom: 2027.He forecasts that robots will do the main job of disseminating knowledge and teachers will be like helpers. Intelligent robots will read students’ faces, movements and even brain signals. Then they will pass the information on to each student in the way he or she can understand. However, it’s not a popular opinion. Most people think it’s impossible that robots will have the ability to really connect with humans like another human can.
One thing is certain, though. A robot teacher is better than no teacher at all. In some parts of the world, there aren’t enough teachers and 9%-16% of children under the age of 14 don’t go to school. That problem could be partly solved by robots because they can teach anywhere. Being a teacher is a difficult job and teachers often feel overworked. Perhaps the question is not “Will robots replace teachers?” but “How can robots help teachers?” Teachers spend a lot of time doing non-teaching work, including more than 11 hours a week marking homework. If robots could cut the time teachers spend marking homework and writing reports, teachers would have more time and energy for the parts of the job humans do best.
The article is mainly about 　　　. A.robot teachersB.robot doctorsC.school activitiesD.the weakness of robots
答案 A　解析 本文是一篇说明文。根据第二段最后一句及下文描述可知, 文章主要说明了机器人在教育中发挥的作用。故选A项。
技法2　标题归纳题——3大特点4个技巧归纳法　 文章标题的特点是短小精悍、简洁醒目、概括性强。标题归纳题和主旨大意题一样, 都是考查考生对文章的整体把握和深层理解的能力。从选项上看, 文章主旨大意题往往是一句话, 而标题归纳题往往是一个短语。
【解题微技能】
【典例印证】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, C)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl(水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act(Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A.The Federal Duck Stamp StoryB.The National Wildlife Refuge SystemC.The Benefits of Saving WaterfowlD.The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
思维流程第一步: 提炼题干中的关键词题干中的关键词是a suitable title for the text, 由此得知, 本题考查对文章的整体把握和深层理解。第二步: 串联细节第一段讲述北美水禽骤减; 第二段讲述美国为此发行了鸭票, 狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎; 第三段讲述卖鸭票的部分收入用于购买水禽的栖息地, 从而保护了水禽。故可推知, A项最具有概括性。
第三步: 比对选项
第四步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为A项。
【对点微练习】A(2021·四川成都高三第三次诊断性检测)A small bowl bought at a yard sale in Connecticut for just $35 has been identified as a rare 15th-century Chinese antique. The blue-and-white bowl was made during the Ming Dynasty. It was expected to sell for up to $500,000, according to Sotheby’s auction(拍卖)house in New York.
The purchase was made near New Haven, Connecticut. “I was just hanging around there aimlessly. But when I saw this bowl, I didn’t even bargain over the $35 asking price,” the owner said. Shortly after the purchase, he sent photos of the bowl to auction specialists, who identified it as an item of historical significance. ...“I was deeply attracted by the techniques. You can see why this bowl is so highly-valued from the very smooth porcelain body and special blue colouring, which were never reproduced in later dynasties,” McAteer, an auction specialist said. ...
What’s the best title of the text?A.An Amazing BowlB.A Special Yard SaleC.Ming DynastyD.A Man Making Fortune
答案 A　解析 本文的首段为导语, 也是本文的主旨。根据第一段 “A small bowl bought at a yard sale in Connecticut for just $35 has been identified as a rare 15th-century Chinese antique.” 可知, 一只以35美元购得的小碗被认定是一件罕见的15世纪的中国古董。由此可知, “一只令人震惊的碗” 最适合做本文标题。故选A项。
B(2021·山东潍坊二模)Why humans make and appreciate music is an evolutionary(进化的) mystery. Recently, David Schruth and his colleagues have a new explanation. They say the roots of human music can date back to the branches of trees more than 50 million years ago, when the first primates(灵长类) appeared. Early primates moved around forest by leaping(跳跃) from branch to branch.
Schruth argues that a primate that calls in a musical way is advertising that it has fine control over its vocal(发声的) muscles. This might have convinced other primates that the caller also had fine control over its body. His another research shows the species that leap the most tend to have more complicated calls, which the team jokingly named as “protomusic”.Hagen, a worldwide famous scientist in this field, commented on the research: “I do see a continuity between human music and primate vocalisations.”
Hagen doesn’t think human music has a single, simple explanation. He argues that human ancestors originally used music-like vocalisations in two ways: groups vocalised together to send a signal of strength and unity to scare outsiders away, and mothers used vocalisations to communicate with babies. Also another idea: humans used music to strengthen social bonds.All these ideas might be compatible, says Hagen. Protomusic could have evolved in primates both to attract companions and for territorial signalling. Later, as early humans began cooperating in large numbers, protomusic might have been repurposed so it could attract rather than frighten outsiders, while also strengthening social bonds within groups.
What’s the best title of the text?A.Repurposed functions of musicB.Arguments on primates’ evolutionC.Origins of music linked to leapingD.Discoveries about the human origins
答案 C　解析 本文是一篇说明文。文章第一段以David Schruth和他同事的新发现引出了全文的主题: 人类音乐的起源可以追溯到5,000多万年前的树枝上, 当时最早的灵长类出现。下文对他们的新发现进行了阐释。因此, 全文讲的是人类音乐的起源与灵长类的关系, C项最能涵盖主题。故选C项。
技法3　段落大意题——段落框架法　 段落大意题考查对段落的基本内容进行概括总结的能力。总结段落大意, 就是用明确、完整、简洁的语句将段落的意思表达出来。正确选项的特点是涵盖性强, 可覆盖整个段落的内容。
【解题微技能】
【典例印证】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, D)...Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable,we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?A.Its appeal to the public.B.Expectations for future studies.C.Its practical application.D.Scientists with new perspectives.
思维流程第一步: 确定段落结构通读本段可知, 此段为 “分—总—分” 结构。第二步: 确定关键词根据本段的 “...we hope that such attention will excite... how people manage their lives.” 可知, 我们希望在未来的几十年里, 科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角。根据其中的关键词we hope, will excite, It is our hope that及作者的语气可推知, 本段主要谈了对未来(情商)研究的期望。
第三步: 比对选项
第四步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为B项。
【对点微练习】A(2021·山东济南4月适应性考试)...PETase breaks down PET back into its building blocks, creating an opportunity to recycle plastic and reduce plastic pollution. PET is the most common thermoplastic (热塑性塑料) used to make single-use drink bottles, which takes hundreds of years to break down in the environment, but PETase can shorten this time to days. ...
What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.A new study of PET.B.The breakdown of PET.C.The discovery of PETase.D.The functions of PETase.
答案 D　解析 通读文章第二段, 尤其是 “PET is the most common thermoplastic used to make single-use drink bottles, which takes hundreds of years to break down in the environment, but PETase can shorten this time to days.” 可知, PET是最常见的热塑性塑料, 用于制造一次性饮料瓶。一次性饮料瓶在环境中分解需要几百年的时间, 但PETase可以将这个时间缩短到几天。也就是说, 本段主要介绍了PETase的作用。故选D项。
B(2021·山东潍坊一模)...Tears, which are released from tear tubes, form a film over the eye that’s composed of three ingredients: mucus, water, and oil. The mucus coats the eyes’ surface and helps to attach the film to the eye, the water is a natural salty solution containing crucial proteins and minerals, and the oil prevents the eye from drying out....
What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A.The source of tears.B.The composition of tears.C.The classification of tears.D.The definition of tears.
答案 B　解析 根据第三段第一句可知, 眼泪从泪管中释放出来, 在眼睛上形成一层膜, 这种膜由三种成分组成。后面介绍了这三种成分的作用。所以本段的主题句在句首, 主要讲述了眼泪的成分。故选B项。
命题特点
考点四 词句猜测题
词句猜测题考查考生根据上下文猜测单词、短语或者句子的能力, 是一个从 “已知” 信息猜测 “未知” 内容的过程。词义猜测题除了涉及实词外, 还会考查代词的指代对象。句意猜测题考查的通常是一个具有概括性的句子的意思, 要求考生通过阅读文章, 结合上下文, 用合适的语句对其进行直接或者解释性的描述。
技巧点拨
技法1　词语猜测题——利用逻辑关系　 词语猜测题在每套题中通常只有一个小题, 少有考查两个的情况。这类题的考查主要涉及超纲词汇或者短语、熟词生义、陌生的派生词或者合成词以及有特殊意义的词块。
【解题微技能】
【典例印证】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, C)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地)....
What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?A.Acquire.　　　　　　　B.Export.C.Destroy. D.Distribute.
思维流程第一步: 定位到画线词所在的句子Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.第二步: 结合语境根据前一句 “Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.” 可知, 美洲土著居民将这些珍贵的自然资源保护得很好, 又根据画线词所在句中的Unfortunately可知, 本句与上一句形成了转折。由此推知, 本句是在阐述移民者做得不好的地方, 即移民者破坏了这些自然资源, 故画线词意思是 “破坏”。
第三步: 比对选项
第四步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为C项。
【对点微练习】A(2021·山东潍坊一模) ...Humans are the only known species to produce emotional tears; the expression “crocodile tears”, which refers to a person’s phony display of emotion, comes from the mysterious tendency of crocodiles to release tears as they eat....What does the underlined word “phony” in paragraph 4 mean?A.Tricky.　　　　　　　B.Regretful. C.Cold. D.False.
答案 D　解析 根据画线词后文 “...display of emotion, comes from the mysterious tendency of crocodiles to release tears as they eat.” 可知, 鳄鱼进食的时候会流泪, 所以 “鳄鱼的眼泪” 指的是一个人虚假的情感表达。tricky意为 “狡猾的”; regretful 意为 “后悔的”; cold意为 “寒冷的”; false意为 “假的, 不真诚的”。故选D项。
B(2021·山东青岛高三调研)...Xie trained with his national teammates in the United States for four months during the winter. According to his original plan, he was due to take part in a series of outdoor races in Europe to tune up for the Games. That was until the pandemic changed everything. ...Which of the following can best replace the underlined phrase “tune up” in paragraph 4?A.Make up. B.Long. C.Leave. D.Prepare.
答案 D　解析 根据画线短语的上文 “According to his original plan, he was due to take part in a series of outdoor races in Europe to...” 以及后文 for the Games 可知, 谢最初的计划是他将在欧洲参加一系列的户外比赛, 为奥运会做准备。因此, 画线部分意为 “准备”。故选D项。
技法2　代词指代题——利用就近原则　 代词指代题是高考常见的考查类型, 主要考查文中的指示代词、人称代词、不定代词等所指代的内容。
【解题微技能】
【典例印证】(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷, C)In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea...
What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Developing a serious mental disease.B.Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C.Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D.Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
思维流程第一步: 确定位置分析句子可知, 第二段中的画线词that指代前文提到的内容。第二步: 明确含义第一段作者开门见山, 提到Tom Bissell回到乌兹别克斯坦来写一篇关于咸海消失的文章。第二段介绍他此行收获的远远超越了这个。这里就是that所指代的内容, 即上文中提到的Tom Bissell回到乌兹别克斯坦所写的一篇关于咸海消失的文章。
第三步: 代入替换代入之后, 会发现此处呼应了上文, 并且与下文他出版了一本书的语境相吻合。第四步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为D项。
【对点微练习】A(2021·山东淄博三模)...The researchers also accounted for the influence of one variable(变量) on another, such as wind speed on sea surface temperature. This influence is well understood and accounted for in climate predictions and in weather forecasts, but it has not been fully applied in understanding how long-term climate affects day-to-day weather, according to Li. “We aimed to provide insights on the time scale that can be used to forecast typhoons in advance.” ...
What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refer to?A.The variable.　　　　B.The climate. C.The temperature. D.The influence.
答案 D　解析 根据本段的 “The researchers also accounted for the influence of... according to Li.” 可知, 研究人员还说明了一个变量对另一个变量的影响, 这一影响在气候预测和天气预报中得到了充分的理解和说明, 但在了解长期气候如何影响日常天气方面, 这一影响尚未得到充分应用。第二句的主语是This influence, 而画线词it在but引导的并列句中做主语, 和前面分句的主语相同。故选D项。
B(2021·山东济南4月适应性考试)...The team was co-led by the scientists who engineered PETase, Professor John McGeehan and Dr Gregg Beckham. Professor McGeehan said, “Gregg and I were chatting about how PETase attacks the surface of the plastics and MHETase chops things up further, so it seemed natural to see if we could use them together. Our first experiments showed that they did work better together, so we decided to physically link them. It took a great deal of work, but it was worth the effort.”...
What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 4 refer to?A.Co-leading the transatlantic team.B.Combining PETase and MHETase.C.Attacking the surface of the plastics.D.Talking about conducting experiments.
答案 B　解析 根据第四段中的 “Our first experiments showed that they did work better together, so we decided to physically link them.” 可知, 科学家们想结合PETase和MHETase, 使其产生更好的效果。画线词It所在的句子表示这需要大量的工作, 但值得付出努力, 所以It指的是PETase和MHETase的结合工作。故选B项。
技法3　句意理解题——利用吻合原则　 句意理解题要求考生用合适的句子解释画线句子或者句子的一部分。 这类题往往具有以下特点: (1)画线的句子有特殊含义, 或者是一个高度概括的句子; (2)前后文往往对画线的句子有解释。因此, 锁定画线句的前后文, 意义吻合是解题的关键。
【解题微技能】
【典例印证】(2019·浙江卷, B)Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.” ...
What does the expression “Money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?A.Money spent without hesitation.B.Money not legally made.C.Money offered without conditions.D.Money not tied together.
思维流程第一步: 确定位置, 并找到相关信息画线句在第一段的开头, 而本段最后的“Give What You Can, Take What You Need.” 是相关信息, 表示“给你所能给的, 取你所需要的”。第二步: 分析画线句子的意思no strings attached表示没有任何附带条件。进而推知, 这句话的意思是 “无条件提供的钱”。
第三步: 比对选项
第四步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为C项。
【对点微练习】A(2021·山东潍坊检测)My parents owned a neighbourhood bar called the M Ninety-Seven, named after a nearby highway, on the corner of State Fair and Hoover Avenues in Detroit. Built in the 1930s, it had a long wooden bar that was on the right as you walked in. I grew up in the bar. When most kids of my age were at the park playing ball or riding bikes, I was watching old men shoot pool and play shuffleboard (推移板游戏). ...
What did the author want to tell us by the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?A.His family built a wooden bar.B.He didn’t play with kids at the park.C.He liked making friends with old men.D.He was familiar with everything in the bar.
答案 D　解析 根据第一段最后两句可知, “我” 是在酒吧长大的。当大多数 “我” 这个年龄的孩子在公园玩球或骑自行车时, “我” 却在看老年人打普尔和玩推移板游戏。由此可知, 画线句子是为了说明作者对酒吧的一切都很熟悉。故选D项。
B(2021·四川成都诊断)...In the future, she hopes other countries will contact her to launch their own satellite surveys.The possibilities are huge. Parcak estimates that there are at least 12 million potential archaeological sites yet to be discovered. ...What does the underlined sentence “The possibilities are huge.” in paragraph 6 mean?A.Parcak’s project will become successful.B.Few countries will start satellite surveys.C.There will be amazing discoveries in India.D.More archaeological sites will be identified.
答案 D　解析 画线句上一句提到 “未来, 她希望其他国家会联系她以发起他们自己的卫星调查”; 后一句提到 “Parcak估计至少还有1,200万处潜在的考古遗址有待发现”。由此可推知, 画线句的言外之意是 “更多的考古遗址将被发现”。 故选D项。
No.4　真题实战•经典对练拿高分
Group 1
A(2020·全国Ⅲ卷, A)Journey Back in Time with ScholarsClassical Provence (13 days)Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence, France, with Prof.Ori Z.Soltes. We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. Fields of flowers, tile-roofed(瓦屋顶) villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience.
Southern Spain (15 days)Spain has lovely white towns and the scent(芳香) of oranges, but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. As we travel south from Madrid with Prof.Ronald Messier to historic Toledo, Roman Mérida and into Andalucia, we explore historical monuments and architecture. China’s Sacred Landscapes (21 days)Discover the China of “past ages”, its walled cities, temples and mountain scenery with Prof.Robert Thorp. Highlights(精彩之处) include China’s most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou’s rolling hills, waterways and peaceful temples. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.
Tunisia (17 days)Join Prof.Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour. Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga, the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata, unique for underground cities. Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个国家中,那些让人们回顾过去的著名景点。
1.What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain?A.Historical monuments. B.Fields of flowers. C.Van Gogh’s paintings. D.Greek buildings.
答案 A　解析 细节理解题。根据Classical Provence (13 days)部分的 “We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world.” 和Southern Spain (15 days)部分的 “...we explore historical monuments and architecture.” 可知, 在这两个旅游地都可以看到历史遗迹。故选A项。
2.Which country is Prof.Thorp most knowledgeable about?A.France.　　　　　　B.Spain. C.China. D.Tunisia.
答案 C　解析 细节理解题。根据China’s Sacred Landscapes (21 days)部分的 “Discover the China of ‘past ages’, its walled cities, temples and mountain scenery with Prof.Robert Thorp.” 可知, Robert Thorp教授最了解中国。故选C项。
3.Which of the following highlights the Tunisian tour?A.White towns. B.Underground cities. C.Tile-roofed villages. D.Rolling hills.
答案 B　解析 细节理解题。根据Tunisia (17 days)部分的 “Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga, the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia...” 可知, 在突尼斯旅行, 其亮点在于对地下城市的观光。故选B项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①enrich v.使丰富; 使富裕②treasury n. 宝库③in-depth adj.彻底的; 深入详尽的重点语块④the best-preserved monument保存最完好的纪念碑
精彩句式⑤Spain has lovely white towns and the scent of oranges, but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs.西班牙有着迷人的白色城镇和橙子的芳香, 但它也是一个古代遗址的宝库, 包括古希腊人、罗马人和阿拉伯人留下的城市。
B(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, B)By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained. Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage. “My husband is the worst page turner,”she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。Robert Titterton是一位律师, 但他很喜欢音乐, 业余时间他在舞台上为钢琴家Maria Raspopova翻乐谱。翻乐谱这份工作看似简单, 其实要求很高。
4.What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner? A.Read music. 　　　　　B.Play the piano. C.Sing songs. D.Fix the instruments.
答案 A　解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria可知, 要想为钢琴家翻乐谱, 必须能够识谱。故选A项。
5.Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage? A.Boring. B.Well-paid. C.Demanding. D.Dangerous.
答案 C　解析 推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段的细节描述可推断, 在台上为钢琴家翻乐谱这项工作看似简单, 其实是一份要求高的工作。故选C项。
6.What does Titterton need to practise? A.Counting the pages. B.Recognizing the “nodding”. C.Catching falling objects. D.Performing in his own style.
答案 B　解析 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知, 舞台上的无声交流是很关键的, 每位钢琴家都有属于自己风格的点头示意的方式, 翻乐谱的人必须学会察言观色, 才能与演奏者高度默契, 而这需要双方经过大量的练习才能实现。故选B项。
7.Why is Ms Raspopova’s husband “the worst page turner”? A.He has very poor eyesight. B.He ignores the audience. C.He has no interest in music. D.He forgets to do his job.
答案 D　解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推断, Raspopova女士的丈夫其实很喜欢音乐, 但是他在舞台上只顾欣赏每一个音符, 忘记了自己的本职工作, 所以妻子才不断提醒他, 并称其 “the worst page turner”。故选D项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①(熟词生义)score n.总谱②(熟词生义)flow n.流畅③(熟词生义)key adj.关键的;主要的④(熟词生义)stand n.架⑤(熟词生义)note n.音符;音调
重点语块⑥play instruments 演奏乐器⑦on stage 在舞台上⑧in one’s own style 用某人自己的风格精彩句式⑨I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand.我正在翻页准备下一页, 但是翻页时刮来的风导致多余的页从架子上掉了下来。
C(2021·全国甲卷, C)When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don’t worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. 
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I’d given it up.When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I’ve traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear; tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving (穿梭) among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded (滑) up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者自己搬家与玩滑板的经历。
8.What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?A.He felt disappointed.B.He gave up his hobby.C.He liked the weather there.D.He had disagreements with his family.
答案 A　解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的 “Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.” 可知, 作者刚到伦敦的时候没能很好地融入新的城市, 他感到很沮丧。故选A项。
9.What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?A.Be careful! B.Well done!C.No way! D.Don’t worry!
答案 B　解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文 “And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.” 可知, 作者掌握了滑板落地的技巧, 因此他的朋友大声欢呼。由此可以推出本句是赞美的含义。故选B项。
10.Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?A.To join the skateboarding.B.To make new friends.C.To learn more tricks.D.To relive his childhood days.
答案 D　解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的 “‘I was a local here 20 years ago,’ I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. ‘Safe, man. Safe.’” 可推知, 作者去Southbank这个地方是为了重温童年的时光。故选D项。
11.What message does the author seem to convey in the text?A.Children should learn a second language.B.Sport is necessary for children’s health.C.Children need a sense of belonging.D.Seeing the world is a must for children.
答案 C　解析 推理判断题。根据全文可知, 作者起初搬到伦敦很不适应, 但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方, 结识了玩滑板的朋友, 因此慢慢适应了。但是当他搬去华盛顿, 因为没有遇到很好的玩滑板的朋友, 几年之后就不再玩滑板。作者回到伦敦之后, 经常去之前玩滑板的地方重温童年的时光, 在与一个孩子打招呼的时候, 终于找到了自己久违的回忆。通过自己的经历, 作者要表达的是, 归属感对于孩子来说是很重要的。故选C项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①continuous adj.持续的②matter v.要紧重点语块③pack up 收拾行装④make a discovery 发现⑤nod one’s head 点头
精彩句式⑥Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. 除了我, 家里人都很快适应了这个城市。没有了我心爱的沙滩和无尽的蓝天, 我感到迷茫和格格不入。
D(2020·全国Ⅲ卷,D)We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation—not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts(支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Rodney C.Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章首段讲到人类会因为长期的特殊生活环境而进化。之后介绍了生活在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾海岸的巴夭人, 并对其生活和居住方式进行了说明。
12.What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1? A.Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B.New knowledge of human evolution. C.Recent findings of human origin. D.Significance of food selection.
答案 B　解析 推理判断题。第一段讲到人类是进化的产物。不过随着科学家对基因的深入研究, 他们发现了人类在过去几千年里进化的例子。据此可知, 这里是要介绍关于人类进化的新知识。故选B项。
13.Where do the Bajau build their houses? A.In valleys. B.Near rivers. C.On the beach. D.Off the coast.
答案 D　解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts in coastal waters.” 可知, 按照传统, 巴夭人住在船屋上; 不过最近他们还在沿海水域的支柱上建造了房屋。故选D项。
14.Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau? A.They could walk on stilts all day. B.They had a superb way of fishing. C.They could stay long underwater. D.They lived on both land and water.
答案 C　解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders... ” 可知, 令Jubilado感到惊讶的是, 巴夭人能在水下停留的时间居然比当地岛民还要长。故选C项。
15.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Bodies Remodeled for a Life at SeaB.Highlanders’ Survival SkillsC.Basic Methods of Genetic ResearchD.The World’s Best Divers
答案 A　解析 标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了巴夭人由于生活环境特殊而进化, 因此A项 “为(适应)海上生活而重新塑造的躯体” 适合做标题。故选A项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①occur v.发生;出现②evolution n.演变;进化③adaptation n.适应重点语块④at high altitudes在海拔高的地方⑤evolve into 演变成⑥make a living 谋生
精彩句式⑦She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them.她想知道, 几个世纪的潜水是否导致了身体特征的进化, 从而使他们更容易完成这项任务。
Group 2
A(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷, A)Pali Overnight Adventures offers children and teens exciting experiences this summer. From broadcasting to street art, these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered.Broadcasting CampBecome the next star reporter, news writer, director or producer. While running every aspect of our own news station, kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp. Every night it goes on the web, keeping parents and the world informed of the happenings at Pali.
Secret Agent CampIn the movie Mission Impossible, Tom Cruise made being a secret agent seem like the coolest job ever. Campers who sign up for the 2-week secret agent camp can get to know about the life of real secret agents by learning strategies and military skills on the paintball field.Culinary CampIf your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit. Campers learn technical skills of roasting, frying and cutting, as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their families.
Street Art CampThis camp takes creative license to an entirely new level. Campers will share their colorful ideas and imagination with each other and work together to visualize, sketch and paint with non-traditional techniques to create the coolest mural(壁画) which will be displayed in public for all to see.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了夏令营项目中的其中四个。
1.How many camps does Pali Overnight Adventures offer this summer?A.2.　　　　　　　　　　B.4.C.17. D.21.
答案 C　解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的 “From broadcasting to street art, these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered.” 可知, 本篇文章主要介绍了 17个营地中的4个, 也就是说, 一共有17个。故选C项。
2.What will campers do at the Broadcasting Camp?A.Create a website. B.Run a news station.C.Meet a star reporter. D.Hold a dinner party.
答案 B　解析 细节理解题。根据Broadcasting Camp部分的 “While running every aspect of our own news station, kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp.” 可知, 营员可以尝试运营新闻站各方面的工作。故选B项。
3.Which camp will attract children who are interested in cooking?A.Broadcasting Camp. B.Secret Agent Camp.C.Culinary Camp. D.Street Art Camp.
答案 C　解析 细节理解题。根据Culinary Camp 部分的 “Campers learn technical skills of roasting, frying and cutting, as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their families.” 可知, 在这个营, 孩子们可以学习烘焙、煎炸和切割等技能, 与题干中的cooking相符合。故选C项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①unique adj.独特的②host v.主办; 主持③broadcast n. 广播节目; 电视节目重点语块④keep... informed of通知……⑤sign up for报名
精彩句式⑥Campers learn technical skills of roasting, frying and cutting, as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their families.营员们学习烘焙、煎炸和切割等技能, 以及一些可以带回家和家人分享的食谱。
B(2021·全国甲卷, B)Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding(繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said:“Obviously we’re all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She’s healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It’s still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32 kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5,500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Port Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛的现状。
4.Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?A.Costly. B.Controversial.C.Ambitious. D.Successful.
答案 D　解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的 “...she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve.” 以及倒数第二段的 “His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.” 可知, 保护区的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活。由此推知, 该计划是成功的。故选D项。
5.What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?A.She loves staying with her mother.B.She dislikes outdoor activities.C.She is in good condition.D.She is sensitive to heat.
答案 C　解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “She’s healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore.” 可知, Paul Beer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C项。
6.What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?A.They had their first born in January.B.They enjoyed exploring new places.C.They lived with their grandmothers.D.They were brought to the reserve young.
答案 A　解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的 “When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve.” 以及倒数第二段的 “The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32 kg.” 可知, Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选A项。
7.What can be inferred about Port Lympne Reserve?A.The rhino section will be open to the public.B.It aims to control the number of the animals.C.It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.D.Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
答案 D　解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的 “...it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.”可推知, Port Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①(熟词生义)run v.管理;经营 ②(熟词生义)head n.领导人; 负责人③fantastic adj. 极好的;了不起的④adorable adj.可爱的⑤costly adj.昂贵的
重点语块⑥warm up 暖和起来⑦in good condition 状况良好精彩句式⑧And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity.并且Port Lympne的官员们对这只新犀牛的到来感到高兴, 尤其是因为黑犀牛以难以圈养繁殖而闻名。
C(2021·全国乙卷, C)You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once. Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了艺术家本杰明用塑料垃圾创作了雕塑作品, 从而引起人们对塑料垃圾的注意和警惕。
8.What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for? A.Beautifying the city he lives in. B.Introducing eco-friendly products. C.Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D.Reducing garbage on the beach.
答案 C　解析 推理判断题。第一段中提出塑料会污染海洋, 但是塑料吸管或者塑料杯是否也有影响呢? 艺术家本杰明用塑料废物做成了艺术作品, 以引起公众对塑料垃圾的注意。故选C项。
9.Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3? A.To show the difficulty of their recycling. B.To explain why they are useful. C.To voice his views on modern art. D.To find a substitute for them.
答案 A　解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知, 塑料吸管不是塑料污染的最大来源, 但是由于体积和重量的缘故, 它们是不能回收的。故选A项。
10.What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers? A.Calming. B.Disturbing. C.Refreshing. D.Challenging.
答案 B　解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的 “Every 60 seconds... which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped from a truck all at once.” 可知, 这么多塑料垃圾倒入海洋, 数量之庞大, 令人不安。故选B项。
11.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.Artists’ Opinions on Plastic SafetyB.Media Interest in Contemporary ArtC.Responsibility Demanded of Big CompaniesD.Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
答案 D　解析 标题归纳题。文章开头就提出了塑料污染问题, 然后着重讲述了艺术家本杰明利用塑料垃圾做成雕塑来引起人们对塑料废物的注意。故选D项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①massive adj.巨大的②(熟词生义)pressure v.逼迫③substitute n.替代品④transform v. 使改变形态; 使改变外观(或性质)
重点语块⑤make a difference 起作用; 有影响⑥make one’s first appearance 首次亮相⑦by no means决不精彩句式⑧He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.他用塑料垃圾建成大型的雕塑, 迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品之间的关系。
D(2020·天津卷, D改编)After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
Together, these deep human urges(驱策力)count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.
“The great man,” said Mencius(孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.”Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied. Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement. One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment. 12.What does the example of Galileo tell us?A.Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.B.Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.C.Creativity results from challenging authority.D.Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要谈论了伟大成就获得者与平庸者的不同之处在于两方面:好奇心和不满足。
答案 D　解析 推理判断题。根据第二段内容, 尤其是第二段第一句可推断, 作者举Galileo这个例子是想告诉我们, 伟大来自对探索的持久渴望。故选D项。
13.What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?A.Observe the unknown around you.B.Develop a questioning mind.C.Lead a life of adventure.D.Follow the fashion.
答案 B　解析 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推断, 为了重新找回好奇心和不满足, 作者建议我们不要停止提问, 不要人云亦云、随波逐流。故选B项。
14.What can we learn from paragraphs 6 and 7?A.Gaining success helps you become an expert.B.The genius tends to get things done creatively.C.Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.D.You should remain modest when approaching perfection.
答案 C　解析 推理判断题。根据第七段的前两个设问以及回答可推断, 作者认为缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由。故选C项。
15.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Curious Minds Never Feel ContentedB.Reflections on Human NatureC.The Keys to AchievementD.Never Too Late to Learn
答案 C　解析 标题归纳题。分析文章结构可知, 文章首先提出论点, 然后进行论证, 最后得出结论。第一段主要指出那些取得伟大成就的人的两大品质。由此可见, C项最具概括性。故选C项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①(熟词生义) nature n.本性; 天性②occupy v.占据重点语块③men of great achievement 取得巨大成绩的人④an average man一个普通人⑤in discontent不满意⑥follow the crowd 从众; 随大流⑦with hesitation 犹豫不决⑧waken one’s curiosity 唤醒某人的好奇心
精彩句式⑨However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment. 无论你怎么开始, 记住一点, 没有比现在就开始更合适的时候了, 因为你以后都不会比现在更有活力。
Group 3
A(2020·全国Ⅱ卷, A)The Lake District Attractions GuideDalemain Mansion & Historic GardensHistory, Culture & Landscape(景观). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom. Open: 29 Mar-29 Oct, Sun to Thurs.
Tearoom, Gardens & Gift Shop: 10.30-17.00(16.00 in Oct). House: 11.15-16.00(15.00 in Oct). Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith
Abbot Hall Art Gallery & MuseumThose viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives. Open: Mon to Sat and Summer Sundays. 10.30-17.00 Summer. 10.30-16.00 Winter. Town: Kendal
Tullie House Museum & Art GalleryDiscover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there’s something for everyone!Open: High Season 1 Apr-31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10.00-17.00, Sun 11.00-17.00.Low Season 1 Nov-31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10.00-16.30, Sun 12.00-16.30.Town: Carlisle
Dove Cottage & The Wordsworth MuseumDiscover William Wordsworth’s inspirational home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year. Open: Daily, 09.30-17.30(last admission 17.00). Town: Grasmere
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个著名的旅游景点, 包括各自的特色、开放时间以及所处的具体位置。
1.When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July?A.09.30-17.30.　　　　B.10.30-16.00.C.11.15-16.00. D.12.00-16.30.
答案 C　解析 细节理解题。根据第一个景点中Open部分和House部分后的内容可知, 它在七月份的星期天开放时间是11点15分到16点。故选C项。
2.What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum?A.Enjoy Romney’s works. B.Have some interactive fun. C.Attend a famous festival. D.Learn the history of a family.
答案 A　解析 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum可快速锁定第二个景点, 根据小标题下的第二句可知, 这里收藏有Romney的作品。故选A项。
3.Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth’s life?A.Penrith. B.Kendal. C.Carlisle. D.Grasmere.
答案 D　解析 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词Wordsworth’s life可快速锁定第四个景点, 根据Town部分后的内容可知其具体位置。故选D项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①award-winning adj.获奖的②temporary adj.暂时的; 临时的③impressive adj.令人赞叹的④permanent adj.永久的; 永恒的⑤interactive adj.互动的; 交互式的
重点语块⑥home to 是……的故乡⑦contemporary art当代艺术精彩句式⑧There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there’s something for everyone!有四个很棒的画廊供你参观, 从艺术到互动娱乐, 所以每个人在这里都有收获!
B(2021·全国乙卷, B)When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline(座机)?These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey(调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category. More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor(因素) — only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it). How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要剖析了在几乎人人都有一部手机的澳大利亚, 仍然有超过半数的家庭拥有座机背后的原因。
4.What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?A.Their target users. B.Their wide popularity. C.Their major functions. D.Their complex design.
答案 B　解析 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知, 在澳大利亚很难找到一个15岁以上还没有手机的人, 甚至一些年龄更小的孩子都有手机。这表明手机在澳大利亚受到广泛欢迎。故选B项。
5.What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?A.Admit. B.Argue. C.Remember. D.Remark.
答案 A　解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前文可知, 虽然在澳大利亚几乎人人都有手机, 但是还有55%的家庭拥有座机。画线词所在的短句是指三分之一拥有座机的人承认座机没有什么必要。故选A项。
6.What can we say about Baby Boomers?A.They like smartphone games. B.They enjoy guessing callers’ identity. C.They keep using landline phones. D.They are attached to their family.
答案 C　解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “...Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.” 可知, 这一家人或许50年都没有换过座机。故选C项。
7.What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph? A.It remains a family necessity. B.It will fall out of use some day. C.It may increase daily expenses. D.It is as important as the gas light.
答案 B　解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?” 可知, 煤气路灯和清晨送奶工都已不存在。由此推断, 座机早晚也会过时。故选B项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①quarter n.四分之一重点语块②rely on 依靠③in case of emergencies 在紧急情况下④fall into that category 属于那一类⑤stick with 坚持; 持续
精彩句式⑥How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? 还要多久它们就会走上与煤气路灯和清晨送奶一样(已不存在)的路?  
C(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷, C)In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800,000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible: the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway (晃动).The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided.
The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design: Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean (赞歌) to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr Henry Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles (航天飞机) Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic.
Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.
Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.“Success is success but that is all that it is,” Dr Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dr Henry Petroski写的To Forgive Design: Understanding Failure这本书。该书讲述了一些灾难故事, 也分析了发生灾难的原因, 最后阐明了 “失败促使改善” 的道理。
8.What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?A.It carried more weight than it could.B.It swayed violently in a strong wind.C.Its roadway was damaged by vehicles.D.Its access was blocked by many people.
答案 A　解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的 “By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible: the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry.” 可知选A项。
9.Which of the following is Dr Petroski’s idea according to paragraph 3?A.No design is well received everywhere.B.Construction is more important than design.C.Not all disasters are caused by engineering design.D.Improvements on engineering works are necessary.
答案 C　解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的 “Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.” 可知选C项。
10.What does the last paragraph suggest?A.Failure can lead to progress.B.Success results in overconfidence.C.Failure should be avoided.D.Success comes from joint efforts.
答案 A　解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “It is failure that brings improvement.” 可知, 失败可以促使进步。故选A项。
11.What is the text?A.A news report. B.A short story.C.A book review. D.A research article.
答案 C　解析 推理判断题。文章以1987年发生在金门大桥的超负荷事件引入, 由此引出To Forgive Design: Understanding Failure这本书。第二段对书的作者及内容做了简单介绍; 第三、四段段讲述这本书主要向读者传达的信息; 最后一段指出这本书的升华内容。因此, 整个语篇都是围绕一本书展开的, 属于 “书评”。故选C项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①acknowledge v.承认②adopt v.采用重点语块③show up 出现④close access to关闭……的通道⑤make one’s way back to 返回⑥widen one’s view开阔视野
精彩句式⑦Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.读者不仅会遇到他们以前听过的故事, 还会听到一些新的故事和关于工程师对公众责任的感人讨论以及帮助年轻工程师理解它们的方法。
D(2020·全国Ⅱ卷, D)I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library. My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.  I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it!It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books. Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从小就喜欢读书, 喜欢待在图书馆里, 并且这一习惯延续到了下一代人。作者鼓励人们尽自己所能支持图书馆、利用好图书馆。
12.Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual.
答案 C　解析 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知, 作者从有记忆起就喜欢读书, 有时一天能读三本书。由此推知, 作者与书籍的关系是 “不可分离”。故选C项。
13.What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Pleasure from working in the library. B.Joy of reading passed on in the family. C.Wonderment from acting out the stories. D.A closer bond developed with the readers.
答案 B　解析 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知, 作者成为母亲后, 她的孩子们也喜欢读书, 喜欢去图书馆。由此推出, 画线部分指的是读书的乐趣延续到了下一代人身上。故选B项。
14.What does the author call on other writers to do?A.Sponsor book fairs. B.Write for social media. C.Support libraries. D.Purchase her novels.
答案 C　解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第四句内容可知, 作者号召其他作家用自己能做到的方式支持图书馆。故选C项。
15.Which can be a suitable title for the text?A.Reading: A Source of KnowledgeB.My Idea about WritingC.Library: A Haven for the YoungD.My Love of the Library
答案 D　解析 标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知, 文章主要讲述了作者对图书馆的热爱。故选D项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①enthusiastic adj.热情的; 热心的②(熟词生义) frequent v.常去, 常到(某处)重点语块③check out (从图书馆等)借出 ④pick out 挑选⑤act out 将……表演出来⑥bond with sb与某人建立联系
精彩句式⑦Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.现在, 我看到我的孩子带着他们的孩子去图书馆, 我喜欢去图书馆的兴奋感代代相传。
Group 4
A(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷, A)POETRY CHALLENGEWrite a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life. Prizes3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch. 50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
RulesFollow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. ■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines. ■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper. ■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date. ■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了诗歌大赛的章程, 包括奖项和规则。
1.How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip? A.Two. 　　　　　　　　B.Three. C.Four. D.Six.
答案 A　解析 细节理解题。根据Prizes部分第一段中的第一句可知, 3名大奖获得者可获得免费到华盛顿的旅行, 其中包含获奖者的父亲或母亲, 另外获奖者可再选一人, 即每位大奖获得者可带2人参加免费旅行。故选A项。
2.What will each of the honorable mention winners get? A.A plane ticket. B.A book by Corinne Szabo. C.A special T-shirt. D.A photo of Amelia Earhart.
答案 C　解析 细节理解题。根据Prizes 部分的第三段内容可知, 50个提名奖获得者可得到一件特殊的T恤衫。故选C项。
3.Which of the following will result in disqualification? A.Typing your poem out. B.Writing a poem of 120 words. C.Using both sides of the paper. D.Mailing your entry on October 30.
答案 B　解析 细节理解题。根据Rules 部分的 “Write a poem using 100 words or fewer.” 可知, 120词的诗歌不符合要求。故选B项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①round-trip adj.往返的; 双程的②honorable adj. 光荣的; 值得尊敬的; 品德高尚的重点语块③in memory of 作为对……的纪念④by hand 手工
精彩句式⑤Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.今年10月31日之前将您的参赛作品邮寄给我们。
B(2021·浙江卷, B)We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parks less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself “marketing director for Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕, 拍摄自己的旅行, 并将自然当作一个品牌, 推销给年轻人。
4.What is the problem with the author’s children?A.They often annoy the neighbours.B.They are tired of doing their homework.C.They have no friends to play with.D.They stay in front of screens for too long.
答案 D　解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的 “However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours.” 可知, 作者的孩子在屏幕前待的时间太长了。故选D项。
5.How did David Bond advocate his idea?A.By making a documentary film.B.By organizing outdoor activities.C.By advertising in London media.D.By creating a network of friends.
答案 A　解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people.” 可知, David Bond通过拍一个纪录片来宣传他的想法。故选A项。
6.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?A.records B.predictsC.delays D.confirms
答案 A　解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的a film可知, 本句主语是一部电影, 而下文the birth of the Wild Network 解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知, 画线词charts与records的意思一致。故选A项。
7.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Let Children Have FunB.Young Children Need More Free TimeC.Market Nature to ChildrenD.David Bond: A Role Model for Children
答案 C　解析 标题归纳题。根据第二段的 “He documented his journey as he set about treating nature... of getting children out into nature.” 可知, 本文主要讲述了David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕, 拍摄自己的旅行, 并将自然当作一个品牌, 推销给年轻人。由此推知, C项Market Nature to Children(把自然推销给年轻人)适合做本文标题。故选C项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①split v.分担;分摊②counter v.(对意见、态度等的)反对,反驳③document v.记录;记载④brand n.品牌
重点语块⑤be attached to 非常喜欢; 依恋⑥set about doing sth 着手做/开始做某事⑦get into the habit of doing sth 习惯做某事⑧a documentary film一部纪录片
精彩句式⑨Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.夏天就要来了。外面有一个神奇的世界, 它需要我们的孩子, 就像他们需要它一样。让我们把他们带出来, 让他们玩。
C(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,C)Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕竞走运动展开表述。
8.Why are race walkers conditioned athletes? A.They must run long distances. B.They are qualified for the marathon. C.They have to follow special rules. D.They are good at swinging their legs.
答案 C　解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.” 可知, 竞走必须遵循特殊的规则。故选C项。
9.What advantage does race walking have over running?A.It’s more popular at the Olympics. B.It’s less challenging physically. C.It’s more effective in body building. D.It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
答案 D　解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段的 “... some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.” 可知, 与跑步相比, 竞走的优势在于它不大可能使膝盖受伤。故选D项。
10.What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?A.Getting experts’ opinions. B.Having a medical checkup. C.Hiring an experienced coach. D.Doing regular exercises.
答案 A　解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段的 “In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique...” 可知, Dr. Norberg对于想尝试竞走运动的人的建议是咨询专业人士的意见。故选A项。
11.Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?A.Skeptical. B.Objective. C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.
答案 B　解析 推理判断题。通读全文, 作者介绍了竞走这项运动的特点——需要遵循一定规则; 膝盖较少受伤, 但会对脚踝和臀部造成压力; 如果想从事这项运动, 需要专业人士的指导。由此可推断, 作者对待竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①physically adv.身体上②demanding adj. 要求高的; 费力的③cautious adj.谨慎的; 小心的重点语块④at all times总是; 随时⑤at a pace of...以……的速度/步速⑥(be) associated with...与……有关精彩句式⑦It does, however, have its own problem.然而, 它确实有它自己的问题。
D(2020·浙江卷, A)I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.
Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright(剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and action. A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme. It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright. However, a variety of types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. To show the versatility(多面性) of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play.
Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton Wilder, William Saroyan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the theater. More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book. To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience. The houselights dim(变暗). The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文中作者主要介绍了自己的一本书。
12.What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?A.He has written dozens of plays. B.He has a deep love for the theater. C.He is a professional stage actor. D.He likes reading short plays to others.
答案 B　解析 细节理解题。 根据第一段的 “... and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others.” 可知, 作者希望与他人分享对戏剧的热情, 由此可以看出, 作者对戏剧热情很高。故选B项。
13.What does the author avoid doing in his work?A.Stating the plays’ central ideas. B.Selecting works by famous playwrights. C.Including various types of plays. D.Offering information on the playwrights.
答案 A　解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright.” 可知, 作者并不想指出这本书中每一部戏剧的中心主题。也就是说, 作者避免陈述戏剧的中心思想。故选A项。
14.What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays?A.Control their feelings. B.Apply their acting skills. C.Use their imagination. D.Keep their audience in mind.
答案 C　解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段的 “To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience.” 可知, 作者建议读者试着想象戏剧在舞台上上演, 这样才能实现最佳的阅读乐趣。由此可知, 作者建议读者运用想象力。故选C项。
15.What is this text?A.A short story. B.An introduction to a book. C.A play review. D.An advertisement for a theater.
答案 B　解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的 “I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is...” 可知, 作者是在介绍自己的一本书。故选B项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①playgoer n.爱看戏的人重点语块②central idea中心思想③get across 被理解④grow out of sth产生于……; 源于……⑤ruin the pleasure of reading 毁掉了阅读的乐趣
精彩句式⑥To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.为了做到这一点, 我搜索了好几十个剧本, 以找到我认为最能体现短剧的力量和目的的剧本。