2021-2022学年河南省南阳市第一中学校高二上学期第一次月考英语试题含解析

这是一份2021-2022学年河南省南阳市第一中学校高二上学期第一次月考英语试题含解析，共30页。试卷主要包含了每处错误及其修改均仅限一词， 考查冠词， 考查名词， 考查动词或者形容词， 考查非谓语动词， 考查形容词， 考查连词， 考查动词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
河南省南阳市第一中学校2021-2022学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题
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一、完形填空
I started playing the trumpet（小号）at 42.Learning new skills as an adult is 1 and more fun than you think.
Last February, I sat in a room with about 10 other people, all under age 12,waiting to take my 2 trumpet lesson. Learning to play was something I had 3 for years. But it wasn't 4 my husband gave me a trumpet as a birthday gift that I got the final 5 to give it a try.
I had 6 mastered a musical instrument before and there I was at 42,learning with a group of 7 ,mini Mozarts in my eyes. I was 8 and thrilled by the idea of starting something new.
As adults, we're 9 to go outside of our comfort zones. We may 10 looking foolish or making mistakes. However, there are 11 to be an adult learner. If you've chosen to explore a hobby, it's because you 12 want to. Thus you're 13 to learn. Another 14 thing is that you have more time and opportunity to try new things. Besides, keeping at hobbies makes us happier and could also make us more adaptable to the 15 in life.
Here's 16 my hobby works for me: I now take trumpet lessons once a week；when I started in February, I 17 my son that I'd learn to play “Happy Birthday” for him when he turned three in May. By doing this I gave myself a 18 and a deadline；and I even joined in an online summer performance.
It has been years since I tried the hobby in which I had no background, no connections, no basic 19 . I was curious to see if I could stick to it. As it 20 , I made it. So can anyone.
1．A．fresher B．clearer C．wiser D．easier
2．A．next B．final C．first D．private
3．A．put up with B．talked about C．insisted on D．made up for
4．A．before B．because C．until D．that
5．A．push B．ability C．method D．goal
6．A．also B．never C．almost D．already
7．A．musicians B．seniors C．adults D．kids
8．A．nervous B．ready C．confident D．amused
9．A．unlikely B．unwilling C．regretted D．forbidden
10．A．admit B．stop C．fear D．imagine
11．A．tips B．skills C．advantages D．answers
12．A．hardly B．mainly C．nearly D．truly
13．A．motivated B．forced C．intended D．expected
14．A．necessary B．strange C．possible D．wonderful
15．A．rules B．changes C．customs D．truths
16．A．when B．why C．how D．where
17．A．promised B．reminded C．taught D．encouraged
18．A．hope B．reason C．belief D．goal
19．A．knowledge B．equipment C．source D．fortune
20．A．came up B．turned out C．showed up D．went out

【答案】
1．A
2．C
3．B
4．C
5．A
6．B
7．D
8．A
9．B
10．C
11．C
12．D
13．D
14．D
15．B
16．C
17．A
18．D
19．A
20．B
【分析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者作为一名成年人学习小号的经历。
1．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学习新技能对成年人来说比你想的更新鲜有趣。A.fresher更新鲜的；B.clearer更清楚的；C.wiser更明智的；D.easier 更容易的。根据下文“more fun”可知，此处是与fun意思相近的词，结合是学校新技能，因此推断是更新鲜。表示作为一名成年人学习新技能要比你想象的新鲜有趣。故选A。
2．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：去年二月，我坐在一个房间里，大约有10个人，都不到12岁，等着上我的第一节小号课。A.next下一个；B.final最后的；C.first第一个；D.private私人的。 根据下文“But it wasn't 4 my husband gave me a trumpet as a birthday gift that I got the final 5 to give it a try.”可知，作者在去年二月的时候才开始学习小号课程，这是她的第一节小号课。故选C。
3．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：学校演奏是我说了很多年的事情。A.put up with忍耐；B.talked about谈论；C.insisted on坚持；D.made up for弥补。根据下文“my husband gave me a trumpet as a birthday gift”和下文“to give it a try”可推断，作者之前并未学习过小号，只是一直在“谈论”它，直到丈夫送个作者小号才让她决定尝试。故选B。
4．
考查连词词义辨析。句意：直到丈夫送给我小号做生日礼物我才督促我最后决定尝试。 A.before在……之前；B.because因为；C.until直到；D.that那个。 分析句子可知，此处是not until的强调句型，表示“直到……才”，结合句意：直到作者的丈夫送给作者一个小号作为生日礼物,才推动了作者最终做出尝试的决心。故选C。
5．
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. push督促；推动； B.ability能力；C.method方法；D.goal目标。 根据“give it a try”可知，丈夫送给作者的小号推动作者要尝试一下。故选A。
6．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：以前我从来没有掌握过一种乐器。A.also也 B.never绝不；C.almost几乎；差不多；D.already已经。根据本段最后一句“by the idea of starting something new”可知，作者之前没有学习过乐器。故选B。
7．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在42岁上，与一群孩子，我眼中的莫扎特，一起学习，A.musicians音乐家；B.seniors毕业班学生；C.adults成人；D.kids孩子。 根据前文“Last February,I sat in a room with about 10 other people,all under age 12...”以及后文mini Mozarts可知,作者与一群孩子一起学习小号。故选D。
8．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学习新东西让我激动又紧张。 A.nervous紧张的；B.ready准备好的；C.confident自信的；D.amused愉快的。根据“I had_____6_____ mastered a musical instrument before”和“mini Mozarts in my eyes”可知，作者从未学习过小号，而且跟一群她认为有天赋的孩子一起学习，心情应该是紧张的。故选A。
9．
考查形容词，动词词义辨析。句意：作为成年人，我们不愿意走出自己的舒适区。 A.unlikely不可能的；B.unwilling不愿意的；C.regretted遗憾；D.forbidden禁止。根据下文的“We may 50 looking foolish or making mistakes.”可知，成年人害怕看上去愚蠢或犯错，因此他们不愿意走出自己的舒适区。故选B。
10．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们或许害怕看起来愚蠢或者犯错误。A.admit承认；B.stop停止；C.fear害怕；D.imagine想象。根据上文“As adults, we're ___9___ to go outside of our comfort zones.”并结合常识可推断，成年人不愿意走出舒适区,他们害怕看上去愚蠢或犯错。故选C。
11．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，作为成年学习者，有一些优势。A.tips建议；B.skills技能；C.advantages优势；好处；D.answers答案。根据下文“Thus you're 13 to learn...you have more time and opportunity to try new things. Besides, keeping at hobbies makes us happier and could also make us more adaptable to the 15 in life.”可知，作为一名成年学习者有很多优势。故选C。
12．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你选择探索一种爱好，它是因为你真正想要。A.hardly几乎不；B.mainly主要的；C.nearly几乎；D.truly真正。根据“there are ___11___ to be an adult learner”可推断，作为一名成年人，学习有优势，因此推断如果你选择探索一个爱好，是因为你真的想要。故选D。
13．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因而，你期待学习。A.motivated激发；B.forced迫使；C.intended打算；D.expected期待。根据上文“If you've chosen to explore a hobby, it's because you ___12___ want to.”可推断，真正想要学习的东西会期待学习。故选D。
14．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一件美好的事情是你有更多的时间和机会去尝试新事物。A.necessary必要的；B.strange奇怪的；C.possible可能的；D.wonderful精彩的。根据上文“there are ___11___ to be an adult learner.”可知，上文讲述了一个优势，此处为另一个优势，故wonderful符合语境，有足够的时间和机会去尝试新的东西是一件非常棒的事情。故选D。
15．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，保持爱好使我们更快乐，也可以使我们更适应生活的变化。 A.rules规则；B.changes变化；C.customs习俗；D.truths事实B 根据“keeping at hobbies makes us happier and could also make us more adaptable to”可知，坚持爱好会让我们更加开心，也会让我们更加适应生活中的变化。故选B。
16．
考查连词词义辨析。句意：下面是我的爱好对我是如何起作用的。A.when当……时候；B.why为什么；C.how如何；D.where在哪里。根据下文内容“I now take trumpet lessons once a week”等可知,本段简述了作者的爱好是如何产生影响的。故选C。
17．
考查动词词义辨析。句意： 我向儿子许愿说当他五月份到三岁的时候，我会学会为他演奏“生日快乐”。A.promised许诺；B.reminded提醒；C.taught教授；D.encouraged鼓励。根据“I'd learn to play “Happy Birthday” for him when he turned three in May”可推断，作者会在儿子三岁时为他演奏“生日快乐歌”,这是作者向儿子许下的承诺。故选A。
18．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过这样做，我给了自己一个目标和最后期限；我甚至参加了一次在线暑期表演。A.hope希望；B.reason原因；C.belief信仰；D.goal目标。根据上文“I'd learn to play “Happy Birthday” for him when he turned three in May”可知，作者向儿子许下了承诺，即给了自己一个目标。故选D。
19．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从我尝试这个没有背景，没有联系，没有基本知识的爱好以来数年了。A.knowledge知识；B.equipment设备；C.source来源；D.fortune运气。根据前文“I had_____6_____ mastered a musical instrument before”可知，作者在小号方面没有任何基础知识。故选A。
20．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果证明，我成功了。A.came up提出；B.turned out结果是；证明是；C.showed up出现；D.went out出去。空格前“I was curious to see if I could stick to it.”说作者好奇自己能否坚持，空格后“I made it.”讲作者成功了，as it turned out“结果证明”，符合语境。故选B。

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二、阅读选择
Five of the Best Theatre Shows
War Horse
It is possibly the National's biggest hit, having played in 11 countries to more than seven million people. Now, Marianne Elliott and Tom Morris' s production returns to the venue 11 years after its first show. A Christmas treat.
National Theatre, November 8 to January 5
Christmas Spectacular
The small Norfolk town of Fakenham receives around 110, 000 visitors annually for this seasonal institution, which has been running for 42 years. Even the royal family have come to the show.
Thursford Collection, November 6 to December 23
Company
The trend for gender-change roles continues with Stephen Sondheim' s 1970 musical, in which the hero Bobby- -turning 35 and at an emotional crossroads- becomes the female Bobbie. It works. In the updated Company, the plot remains the same and there's funny acting from Rosalie Craig in the lead .Marianne Elliott directs with her habitual imagination.
Gielgud Theatre, November 7 to March 30
Macbeth
There have been a couple of versions of the Scottish Play this year. The Globe hopes for a better opening for its winter season. The rest of the season includes Marlowe' s Doctor Faustus with Pauline Melynn as Mephistopheles, and Richard II with a cast of women of colour.
Shakespeare's Globe Theatre, November 7 to February 2
Troilus and Cressida
To present Polonius in Hamlet, the production of this“problem”play is comical-historical in new RSC(英国皇家莎士比亚剧团) staging. There is even the first deaf actor in a mainstream RSC role,Charlotte Arrowsmith, signing her lines as Cassandra.
Royal Shakespeare Theatre, November 8 to November 17
21．The following shows can be watched on Christmas Day EXCEPT________.
A．War Horse B．Christmas Spectacular C．Company D．Macbeth
22．What can we learn about Company?
A．The hero Bobby becomes a lady in the musical.
B．Bobby falls in love with Bobbie in the story.
C．In 1970, Stephen Sondheim wrote a novel called Company.
D．Marianne Elliott stars in Company and her acting is interesting.
23．Which role does the first deaf actor play in RSC?
A．Polonius. B．Charlotte. C．Cassandra. D．Hamlet.

【答案】
21．B
22．A
23．C
【分析】
本文是应用文，主要介绍了五大最佳戏剧表演。
21．
细节理解题。根据第二部分的“November 6 to December 23”11月6号到12月23号，可知Christmas Spectacular在圣诞节不上映，故选B项。
22．
细节理解题。根据第三部分“The trend for gender-change roles continues with Stephen Sondheim' s 1970 musical, in which the hero Bobby- -turning 35 and at an emotional crossroads- becomes the female Bobbie.” 在斯蒂芬·桑德海姆1970年的音乐剧中，男主角鲍比—即将35岁，正处于情感的十字路口—变成了女主人公鲍比—这种改变性别角色的趋势得以延续。可知Bobby在音乐剧中变成了女士。故选A项。
23．
细节理解题。根据最后一部分“There is even the first deaf actor in a mainstream RSC role, Charlotte Arrowsmith, signing her lines as Cassandra.” 在皇家莎士比亚剧团的主流角色中，甚至有第一位失聪演员夏洛特·阿罗史密斯(Charlotte Arrowsmith)以卡桑德拉(Cassandra)的身份出演台词。可知，在RSC中第一个失聪演员扮演的角色是Cassandra。故选C项。
At eleven, I decided to learn to swim. There was a pool at the Y. M. C．A．offering exactly the opportunity. Mother continually warned against it, and kept fresh in my mind the details of each drowning in the river. But the Y. M. C．A．pool was safe.
I had a childhood fear of water. This started when I was three years old and father took me to the beach. The huge waves knocked me down and swept over me.
The pool was quiet. I was afraid of going in all alone, so I sat on the side of the pool to wait for others. Then came a big boy. He yelled, "Hi, Skinny! How'd you like to be ducked?" With that he picked me up and threw me into the deep end. I landed in a sitting position, and swallowed water. But I was not frightened out of my wits-when my feet hit the bottom, I would make a big jump, come out of the surface. It seemed a long way down. I gathered all my strength when I landed and made what I thought was a great spring upwards. Then I opened my eyes and saw nothing but water. I tried to yell but no sound came out. I went down, down, endlessly.
When I came to consciousness, I found myself lying on the bed in the hospital.
I never went back to the pool. I avoided water whenever I could. This misadventure stayed with me as the years rolled by. It deprived me of the joy of boating and swimming. Finally, I decided to get an instructor. Piece by piece, he built a swimmer. Several months later, the instructor was finished, but I was not. Sometimes the terror would return.
This went on until July. I swam across the Lake Wentworth. Only once did the terror return. When I was in the middle of the lake, I put my face under and saw nothing but bottomless water. I laughed and said, "Well, Mr. Terror, what do you think you can do to me?"
I had conquered my fear of water.
24．The author's original fear of water was caused by__________.
A．his poor skill in swimming
B．his mother's warning of drowning
C．an outing to the beach with his father
D．an unpleasant memory of the pool
25．Why was the author not scared to death when he was thrown into the water?
A．He knew how to swim in the pool.
B．He felt that the Y. M. C．A．pool was safe.
C． He was waiting for others to save him.
D．He came up with an idea to go upwards.
26．By "but I was not" in paragraph 5, the author probably means"
A．he was still a poor swimmer
B．he had not overcome the fear yet
C．he was not afraid of drowning any more
D．he was not satisfied with the swimming training
27．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Goodbye, Mr. Terror
B．Hello, Childhood Fear
C．A Swimming Adventure
D．My Passion for Swimming

【答案】
24．C
25．D
26．B
27．A
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者小时候和父亲去海滩的遭遇使作者开始害怕水，直到自己游过温特沃思湖时，才克服对水的恐惧的经历。
24．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“I had a childhood fear of water. This started when I was three years old and father took me to the beach. The huge waves knocked me down and swept over me.”
我从小就害怕水。从我三岁开始，父亲带我去海滩。 巨浪把我击倒，席卷了我。由此可知，我是小时候和父亲一起去海滩的遭遇使我开始害怕水，故选C。
25．
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But I was not frightened out of my wits-when my feet hit the bottom, I would make a big jump, come out of the surface. It seemed a long way down. I gathered all my strength when I landed and made what I thought was a great spring upwards.” 但我并没有被吓得惊慌失措——当我的脚碰到地的时候，我会做一个大的跳跃，跳出水面。好像有很长一段路要走。当我着陆时，我聚集了我所有的力量，做了一个我认为是一个巨大的向上的跳跃。可以推断出作者认为自己找到了向上跳出水面的方法，所以他没有害怕，故选D。
26．
句意猜测题。根据上文“Finally, I decided to get an instructor. Piece by piece, he built a swimmer. Several months later, the instructor was finished,” 最后，我决定找个教练员。 他一个接一个地造就了游泳运动员。 几个月后，教练指导完成了， but I was not表示转折，再根据下文，“Sometimes the terror would return. ”有时恐怖还会重来，由此推断but I was not意为我还没有克服恐惧。故选B。
27．
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“When I was in the middle of the lake, I put my face under and saw nothing but bottomless water. I laughed and said, "Well, Mr. Terror, what do you think you can do to me?" I had conquered my fear of water.” 当我在湖中央时，我把脸放在下面，只看到无底的水。 我笑着说：“好吧，恐怖先生，你认为你能对我做什么？” 我克服了对水的恐惧。再结合文章，可知作者主要对自己从小害怕水又到克服水的经历的描述。主题应该是克服对水的恐惧。A选项符合文章主题，适合做标题，故选A。
【点睛】
标题猜测题。属于主旨大意题的一种，标题应位于文章之首，概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，或句子。确定文章标题，第一，标题要与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容，不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；第三，标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应新颖，概括性强并且精炼。小题4中A选项概括文中主旨大意，与主题密切相关，故选A。
Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell. Recent studies have found, among other things, that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads.
The review explains that smell is unique in its effects on the brain. According to Conrad King, the researcher who carried out the review, "more than any other senses, the sense of smell goes through the logical part of the brain and acts on the systems concerned with feelings. This is why the smell of baking bread can destroy the best intentions of a dieter."
Smell, which dictates the unbelievable complexity of food tastes, has always been the least understood of our senses. Our noses are able to detect up to 10,000 distinct smells. Our ability to smell and taste this extremely large range of smells is controlled by something like 1,000 genes (基因), which make up an amazing 3% of the human genome. Researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck were together awarded a Nobel Prize in 2004 for their ground-breaking research on the nature of this extraordinary sense. These two scientists were the first to describe the family of 1,000 olfactory (嗅觉) genes and to explain how our olfactory system works.
According to one study in the research review, smelling fresh pizza or even the packaging of fast foods can be enough to make drivers feel impatient with other road users. They are then more likely to speed and experience uncontrollable anger on roads. The most reasonable explanation is that these can all make drivers feel hungry, and therefore desperate to satisfy their appetites.
In contrast, the smells of peppermint and cinnamon were shown to improve concentration levels as well as reduce drivers’ impatience. Similarly, the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking and mental focus.
However, the way genes regulate smell differs from person to person. A study by researchers in Israel has identified at least 50 olfactory genes which are switched on in some people and not in others. They believe this may explain why some of us love some smells and tastes while others hate them. The Israel researchers say their study shows that nearly every human being shows a different pattern of active and inactive smell-detecting receptors.
28．What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck find out?
A．The category of food smells.
B．The logical part of human brain.
C．The nature of human olfactory system.
D．The relationship between food and feelings.
29．Which of the following can help people concentrate?
A．Bread. B．Fruits.
C．Coffee. D．Fast food.
30．What do we know from the last paragraph?
A．Some people can recognize up to 50 smells.
B．Every person has a different pattern of genes.
C．Different people are sensitive to different smells.
D．There are still some olfactory genes to be found out.
31．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Logic and behaviour.
B．Smell and its influence.
C．Sense ability and food tastes.
D．Olfactory genes and its system.

【答案】
28．C
29．C
30．C
31．B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类的嗅觉和它的影响。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段中“These two scientists were the first to describe the family of 1,000 olfactory (嗅觉) genes and to explain how our olfactory system works.”可知，Richard Axel and Linda Buck研究了家庭嗅觉基因并解释了我们的嗅觉系统是如何工作的，即人类嗅觉系统的本质，故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Similarly, the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking and mental focus.”可知，柠檬和咖啡的气味有助于提高思考和注意力，故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The Israel researchers say their study shows that nearly every human being shows a different pattern of active and inactive smell-detecting receptors.”， 几乎每个人的嗅觉感受器的活跃和不活跃模式都不同。由此判断出，不同的人对不同的气味敏感，故选C。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是根据第一段中Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell. Recent studies have found, among other things, that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads.可知，研究人员继续证明我们的嗅觉背后的力量。最近的研究发现，比萨等食物的味道会让道路上的司机无法控制自己的愤怒情绪。以及全文的具体说明可知，本文主要介绍了人类的嗅觉和它的影响。故选B。
It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes .They recycle their garbage because the care about the environment .They pay $5 for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.
It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions (性情), but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem , by observing our own behavior .We can be strangers to ourselves .If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes .Actually , we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.
Moreover, we don't just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character—we infer characters that weren't there before .Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize .Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't .Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us .We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do, though it may not be in compliance (符合) with their true desires .Therefore , we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice: “We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.”
32．According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to___.
A．determine one's behavior
B．reflect one's taste
C．influence one's surroundings
D．result from one's habits
33．Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?__
A．The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty.
B．A kind person will offer his seat to the old.
C．One recycles plastics to protect the environment.
D．One buys latte out of true love of coffee.
34．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?___
A．We fail to realize our inner dispositions.
B．We can be influenced by outside pressures.
C．Our behavior is the result of our true desires.
D．Our characters can shape our social relationships.
35．What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?___
A．Personalities and attitudes.
B．Preferences and habits.
C．Behavior and personalities.
D．Attitudes and preferences.

【答案】
32．A
33．A
34．B
35．C
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了行为和个性之间的关系。
32．
细节理解题。根据第一段It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.可知，个性和态度通常被认为会决定一个人的行为。故选A。
33．
推理判断题。根据第二段It’s undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions(性情), but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern, by observing our own behavior.可知，社会学家Daryl Bern认为，通过观察我们的行为可以判断出我们是谁，因为行为来自于我们的内在倾向，所以返还钱包可以表明一个人的诚实。故选A。
34．
词句猜测题。根据第三段Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn’t.（可能我们会回收是因为如果我们不这样做的话，我们的妻子和邻居会反对）可知，我们可能会受到外界压力的影响做某些事。故选B。
35．
主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讨论了行为和个性之间的关系。故选C。

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三、七选五
What do you order when you go to a Chinese restaurant? Do you start with an appetizer of fried dumplings and then move onto General Tso's chicken? 36．
Tofu is made from soybeans（黄豆）.There are different types of tofu, from soft creamy silken tofu to pressed extra firm tofu. The difference is the amount of water in them. The longer the tofu is pressed, the more water is squeezed out and the tofu becomes denser（更密实）and chewier.
37． In the letter to his friend John Bartram, Franklin cites（引用）a description of a type of Chinese cheese made from soybeans called "teu-fu” by Fernandez Navarette who published accounts of his travels to China in the late 1600's.
However, there isn't much documentation of tofu production in the United States. 38．
In 1917, as part of an effort to develop new sources of protein for American soldiers during World War I, the United States Department of Agriculture sent Chinese-born doctor Yamei Kin a dietitian well-known for promoting tofu as an nutritious meat alternative, to China to study soybeans 39．
It wasn't until the 1970's that tofu started to become better known, during a wave of interest in vegetarianism（素食主义），natural food, and less wasteful food sources. 40． And the restaurant. chain Chipotle successfully added tofu to its menu a few years ago.
A．Americans are not big consumers of tofu.
B．Let's take a look at tofu and its history in the United States.
C．Or do you start with deep-fried tofu and then choose Ma Po tofu instead?
D．Today, you can buy different types of tofu in many American supermarkets.
E.Despite the government's efforts, interest among the American public never picked up.
F.One of the earliest references to tofu by an American is in a letter by Benjamin Franklin.
G.It is likely that by the early 1900's, cities with large Asian populations had small tofu shops.

【答案】
36．C
37．F
38．G
39．E
40．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了中国的传统食物豆腐及其在美国的发展。
36．由本空前面的Do you start with和下一段的后面的 Tofu is made from soybeans可以锁定C项中的do you start with和tofu代入后，“或者你起初想吃脆皮豆腐后来却选了麻婆豆腐”符合语境。故选C。
37．由本空后面的letter和下文的 Franklin可以锁定F项中的 a letter by Benjamin Franklin。代入后，“在美国，其中一个最早提到豆腐的记载是本杰明·兰克林的一封信”符合语境。故选F。
38．本空前后的时间 in the late I600’s, In1917, It wasn’t until the 1970’s可知，本文按时间顺序介绍了豆腐在美国的发展史，故G项“可能到一十世纪早期，拥有大量亚洲人口的城市才开始有小型店”符合语境。故选G。
39．结合本空前面的In 1917, the United States Department of Agriculture sent Chinese-born doctor Yamei Kin, a dietitian well- known for promoting tofu as an nutritious meat alternative, to China to study soybeans 和本空后面的 It wasn’t until the 1970’s that tofu started to become better known可知，1917年，美国农业部派出中国出生的医生亚美金，一位以推广豆腐作为营养肉类替代品而闻名的营养师，到中国来研究大豆。和本空后面的直到20世纪70年代，豆腐才开始变得更加出名。因此推断E项“尽管政府努力提升美国民众对豆腐的兴趣，但收效甚微”符合语境。故选E。
40．结合本空前面提到的时间和内容以及本空后面的 And the restaurant chain Chipotle successfully added tofu to its menu a few years ago可知，D项“如今，你在许多美国的超市都能买到不同的豆腐”符合语境。故选D。

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四、用单词的适当形式完成句子
41．This medicine will _____(relief)your headache. （所给单词适当形式填空）
【答案】relieve
【详解】
考查动词。句意：这种药会减轻你的头痛。分析句子结构可知，空处谓语动词使用了一般将来时：will do，所以空处需用动词原形，relief的动词为relieve“减轻”。故填relieve。
42．The workers in the factory demanded that their pay ________ (rise) by 20 percent. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】rise
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：这家工厂的工人要求加薪20%。动词demand表示“要求”，后接宾语从句，从句用should +动词原形，should可以省略。根据句意，故填rise/should rise。
43．He has devoted his whole life to ________ (benefit) mankind. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】benefiting
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他一生致力于造福人类。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“devote one’s life to doing sth.”，意为“献身于做某事”，句中应用动名词作宾语，“benefit”意为“使受益”，动词词性，动名词形式为“benefiting”。故填benefiting。
44．Teaching is not a financially ________ (reward) job. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】rewarding
【详解】
考查形容词。句意：教书不是一项经济上有回报的工作。分析句子可知，“job”为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，“reward”意为“奖励”，动词词性，对应的形容词为“rewarding”，意为“有报酬的，值得的”，在句中作定语。故填rewarding。
45．You can’t imagine what difficulty I had ________ (summarize) the reading assignment. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】summarizing
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：你无法想象我总结阅读作业有多困难。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定句型“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”，意为“做某事有困难”，句中应用动名词作宾语，“summarize”意为“总结”，动词词性，动名词形式为“summarizing”。故填summarizing。
46．I telegraphed ________ (instant) I arrived there. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】instantly
【详解】
考查时间状语从句。句意：我一到那里就发了电报。分析句子可知，句子为时间状语从句，空格处单词引导从句，“instant”意为“立即的”，形容词词性，“instantly”意为“一……就……”，为连词，用来引导从句。故填instantly。

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五、根据汉语意思填写单词
47．She showed a lack of ________ (判断) when she gave Mark the job. (根据汉语意思单词拼写)
【答案】judgement
【详解】
考查名词。句意：她给马克这份工作时表现出缺乏判断力。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，作宾语，根据汉语提示“判断”可知，空格处应用“judgement”，意为“判断”，为不可数名词，也可写作“judgment”。故填judgement/judgment。
48．________ (咨询) with your father before you decide. (根据汉语意思单词拼写)
【答案】Consult
【详解】
考查动词。句意：在你决定之前先和你父亲咨询一下。分析句子可知，句子为“before”引导的时间状语从句，主句为祈使句，根据汉语提示“咨询”可知，空格处涉及单词“consult”，意为“咨询”，动词词性，祈使句动词用原形，句首单词首字母大写。故填Consult。
49．They collected much money in ________ (帮助) of the sick. (根据汉语意思单词拼写)
【答案】aid
【详解】
考查名词。句意：他们筹集了很多钱来帮助病人。根据汉语提示“帮助”可知，空格处应用“aid”，意为“帮助”，为不可数名词，“in aid of…”意为“用以援助……”。故填aid。
50．She was deeply ________ (不安的) about the way her father treated her. (根据汉语意思单词拼写)
【答案】upset
【详解】
考查形容词。句意：她对父亲对待她的方式深感不安。根据汉语提示“不安的”可知，空格处应用“upset”，意为“不安的”，形容词词性，在句中作表语。故填upset。

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六、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 23-year-old British woman has invented a product made 51． combining fishing waste and algae(海藻).It could be used to replace plastic bags, 52． people use once and throw away. Lucy Hughes created the material, called MarinaTex. On November 13, Hughes 53． (award) the international winner of the 2019 James Dyson Award for design.
MarinaTex is stronger, 54． (safe) and much more sustainable than the plastic polyethylene(聚 乙烯).But unlike plastic, MarinaTex is also easier 55． (break) down in four to six weeks in normal conditions and does not pollute the soil. Concerned about the growing amounts of plastics in ocean waters, she is investigating ways to reduce the amount of waste from the fishing industry, which produces 56．(approximate) 50 million tons of waste worldwide each year.
57． (examine) fish parts left over from processing helped to give her the idea for a material that was useful and did not harm the environment. After months of testing, Hughes 58．(produce) a strong, flexible sheet that forms at temperatures below 100 degrees Celsius.
Hughes will receive about $41,000 in prize money as the first place 59． (win) of the James Dyson Award. She plans to use the money to further develop the product and ways to mass produce 60．

【答案】
51．by
52．which
53．was awarded
54．safer
55．to break
56．approximately
57．Examining
58．produced
59．winner
60．it
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一位23岁的英国妇女发明的一种通过把捕鱼废料和藻类结合起来制作出来的一种环保产品。
51．考查介词。句意：一位23岁的英国妇女发明了一种通过把捕鱼废料和藻类结合起来制作出来的产品。by doing sth.“通过做某事”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。
52．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，_2___ people use once and throw away是定语从句，先行词是plastic bags，从句中作主语，引导非限制性定语从句，用关系代词which，故填which。
53．考查动词时态语态。award 是谓语动词，根据时间状语On November 13可知，用一般过去时，award与主语Hughes是被动关系，用被动语态，且主语是第三人称单数，故填was awarded。
54．考查形容词比较级。由下文的than可知用形容词的比较级，与stronger，much more sustainable并列作表语，故填safer。
55．考查非谓语动词。形容词后用不定式作状语，故填to break。
56．考查副词。修饰动词produces用副词作状语，故填approximately。
57．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，_7___ (examine) fish parts作主语，用动名词形式，且置句首单词首字母大写，故填Examining。
58．考查动词时态。produce作谓语，根据时间状语After months of testing可知，用一般过去时，故填produced。
59．考查名词。 根据语境可知，空格处指的是“获胜者”，头名获胜者用单数，故填winner。
60．考查代词。句意：她计划用这笔钱来进一步开发这种产品和大规模生产它的方法。因此可知，空格处指代上文提到的the product，故填it。

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七、短文改错
61．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处.每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改.
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词.
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Rope skipping is a sport suitable for people of all ages. People skip rope for fun and exercises.
Every student is able to learn to skip. You can skip alone and with your classmates. If you skip alone, you will need short rope about double the long of your height. You should turn the rope slowly so that you can skip safely. It might be help if you can sing a rhyme while skips. When you skip rope, your heart beats faster than usually and your body is stressful. Therefore, stop for a rest after you injure yourself.
So, picking up a rope, find a silly rhyme and start skipping.
【答案】第一处: exercises→exercise
第二处: and→or
第三处: need 后加 a
第四处: long→length
第五处: 去掉 help前的be 或者help→helpful
第六处: skips→skipping
第七处: usually→usual
第八处: stressful→stressed
第九处: after→before
第十处: picking→pick
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了跳绳是一项适合所有年龄段的人的运动。跳绳可以给人们带来乐趣，也能锻炼身体。
【详解】
1. 考查名词。exercise“锻炼”是不可数名词，故将exercises改为exercise。
2. 考查连词。句意：你可以自己跳或者和同学一起跳。表示选择用or，故将and改为or。
3. 考查冠词。rope“绳子”是可数名词，冠词置于形容词修饰词之前，故need后加a。
4. 考查名词。冠词修饰名词，long“长的”是形容词，名词形式是length。故将long改为length。
5. 考查动词或者形容词。help“帮助”是动词，might是情态动词，接动词原形，故去掉be；be动词是系动词，接形容词作表语，helpful“有益的”。故将help改为helpful。故去掉 help前的be 或者将help改为helpful。
6. 考查非谓语动词。while 后省略了主语you，接非谓语动词，主语you与skip是主动关系，用现在分词表示主动关系，故将skips改为skipping。
7. 考查形容词。than usual“比通常；比平时”，故将usually改为usual。
8. 考查形容词。stressful“紧张的”；stressed“感到有压力的”，根据句意可知，此处表示感动有压力的，故将stressful改为stressed。
9. 考查连词。句意：因此，在你伤到自己之前停下来休息一下。受伤之前要停下来，避免受伤。故将after改为before。
10. 考查动词。由下文的find和start可知，and连接并列的祈使句。故将picking改为pick。
【点睛】
动词应考虑时态，语态，主谓一致及是否应用谓语动词形式。如果动词作非谓语，则需考虑动词作主语，宾语，应由不定式或动名词担任；如果动词作状语或定语，需考虑住被动关系，再确定是现在分词，过去分词还是不定式。例如小题6，while 后省略了主语you，接非谓语动词，主语you与skip是主动关系，用现在分词表示主动关系，故将skips改为skipping；再如小题10，由下文的find和start可知，and连接并列的祈使句。故将picking改为pick。

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八、邀请信
62．假定你是李华，星光国际中学学生会主席，你校将于10月6日举办庆国庆活动。请写封邮件邀请你的外教Allen参加，内容包括：
1. 观看升国旗，唱国歌（national anthem）；
2. 播放视频展示中国发展；
3. 学生节目表演；
4. 邀请外教表演节目或致辞。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Dear Allen,
A party intended to celebrate the 72nd anniversary of the foundation of the People’s Republic of China is due to be held. I feel greatly honored to invite you to our party.
Here are the details about the party. The celebration to be held on October 6 in our school will start at 9:00 am, lasting 4 hours. Besides, we will gather at our school hall to see the flag - raising ceremony in TV and sing our national anthem, which could arouse our patriotic enthusiasm. Additionally, a video will be shown to demonstrate our nation’s development since its foundation in 1949. Our school will also provide various activities where many students will put on some performances. Some students will play some “red songs” to praise the great Communist Party of China and our happy life. Some students will have a play named Battle of Shangganling to pay tribute to national heroes. Knowing that you take a keen interest in Chinese culture, I think it would be a great idea if you could address a speech to express your feelings.
What a thrilling opportunity! Is it a good idea for you to attend it? Waiting for your early reply.
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写封邮件，邀请外教Allen参加你校将举办的庆国庆活动。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
此外：besides→what’s more
各种各样的：various→a variety of
发表演讲：address a speech→give a speech
机会：opportunity→chance
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The celebration to be held on October 6 in our school will start at 9:00 am, lasting 4 hours.
拓展句：The celebration which is going to be held on October 6 in our school will start at 9:00 am, lasting 4 hours.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Besides, we will gather at our school hall to see the flag - raising ceremony in TV and sing our national anthem, which could arouse our patriotic enthusiasm.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Our school will also provide various activities where many students will put on some performances.（运用了where引导的限制性定语从句）