中考英语专题10 ：动词语态


专题十 动词语态

教学目标

1. 掌握动词语态的基本用法；
2. 准确完成动词语态的相关练习。
动词语态考情分析
中考中动词语态重点考查主要以一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态为主。
自我测试
1. Nick _______ a job in a bank, but to our surprise, he didn’t take it.
A. offered B. has offered C. was offered
2. As the certain ______, the famous singer came out. The fans ______ and screamed with excitement.
A. was raised; rose B. had been raised; were raised
C. rose; were raised D. had risen; raised
3. —Do you like reading books?
—Yes. Each of us to do more reading in and after class.
A. are encouraged B. encourage C. is encouraged D. is encouraging
4.. If all business goes paperless, at least one million tons of paper will be a year.
A. used B. saved C. copied D. offered
5. The old over 90 not only by their family but also by the government in many places.
A. is looked at B. are taken good care of C. are taken good care D. is looking after
6. The bridge ______ two years ago.
A. built B. was built C. is built
7. Zhang Lili is very brave and she __________"The Most Beautiful Teacher".
A. is called B. calls C. are called
8. Air must fresh ail the time. It’s good for our health.
A. keep B. is kept C. be kept
9. In the old days, they ______ in the factory from morning to night.
A. were made to work B. asked to work C. made to work D. were asked to work
10. I won`t leave my office until my work _________.
A. finishes B. will finish C. is finished
11.A football match between Class Two and Class Three ________tomorrow afternoon.
A. is held B. was held C. must be held D. will be held
12. She_____ her hometown for many years. No one nearly knows her.
A. has been away from B. has left C. had left
13.The telephone by a well-known scientist, Edison.
A. invented B. inventing C. was invented
14. Many trees and flowers _____ in our school last year and they made our school a beautiful garden.
A. have planted B. are planted C. were planted D. will be planted
15. It’s a custom in China to have some tea or other drinks before the meal .
A. serves B. served C. is served D. will be served




知识梳理






动词语态
概念
语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语语态有主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)两种。
主语是动作的执行者，叫主动语态。
主语是动作的承受者，叫被动语态。
构成
be +done (及物动词的过去分词)+(by+动作的执行者)

用法
(1) 在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下可用被动语态。
This coat is made of cotton.
(2) 要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。
Her bike is stolen.


各种时态的被动语态结构

时态
主动语态
被动语态
1
一般现在时
do/does
am/ is/ are+done
2
一般过去时
did
was/ were+done
3
一般将来时
will/be going to +动词原形

4
现在进行时
am/is/are+doing

5
过去进行时
was/were +doing

6
现在完成时
have/has+done

7
过去完成时
had done

特殊
含情态动词
情态动词+动词原形






考点归纳
【考点1】常考被动语态结构
语态
结构
例句
一般现在时的被动语态
am/is/are done
As far as I know， tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains
一般过去时的被动语态
was/were done
Did you know that tea， the most popular drink in the world （after water）， was invented by accident？
一般将来时的被动语态
will/shall/be going to be done

Will computers be used more than books in the future？
含情态动词的被动语态
情态动词＋be done

The problem must be solved soon

把下列各句变为被动句。
1.The students must hand in their papers immediately.

2.Who will look after the child?

3.Do they take good care of the sick?

4.We should make good use of every minute.

5.They sent for the doctor right after the accident.



【考点2】 使用被动语态的情况
（1） 不知道动作的执行者是谁。
Eg：The telephone was invented in 1876.
（2） 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
Eg：Smoking isn't allowed in the gas station.
（3） 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。
Eg：Your work must be finished today.
（4） 动作的发出者不是人。
Eg：The tea is packed and sent to many different countries and places around China.

例题
1.A new international airport __ in the city next year.
A. complete B.is completed C.will complete D.will be completed
2. Dr Bethune __ still __ in both China and Canada today.
A.is；remembered B.is;remembering  C.will；remember D.has；remembered
3.The weatherman says a rain shower__ this afternoon in the south.
A.expect B.expected  C.is expected D.was expected
4.Look at the picture.The top five TV plays __ in it.
A.list B.are listed C.will list  D.will be listed
5.The 2022 Winter Olympic Games __ in China. I'm sure it  will be a great success.
A.hold B.will hold C.were hold D.will be hold
6.一Who is the little girl in the photo, Laura?
-Its me.This photo __ when I was five.
A.is taken  B.takes C.was taken  D.took
7.Kids have to take many after-school classes. They __hard to study for good grades.
A.push B.are pushed C.are pushing D.have pushed
8.Many shops in China __ to shut down as a new law against ivory（象牙）trade came  into effect on January 1st,2018.
A.ordered B.didn't order C.were ordered D.were ordered
9.-Why are you working so hard on telling stories in English？
-Because the best story tellers __ to an international Summer Camp.
A.are chosen  B.were chosen  C.will be chosen
10.Look at the trees on both sides of the streets.They__ last spring.
A.planted  B.were planted C.were planting
11.A lot of new roads __ in order to develop the villages in the next five years.
A.built B.were built  C.build  D.will be built
12.--What are you watching?
--The Story of China. This part __ at China Block  Printing  Museum of Yangzhou in 2014.
A.filmed B.was filmed C.has filmed D.is filmed
13-Let's go to play soccer,Peter.
-I’m afraid not. I'll need one gore hour before my homework.
A.has finished B.finished C.will be finished D.is finished
14-What a terrible rainstorm it was last night!
-Yes,many old trees and houses
A.pull down B.were pulling down C.were pulled down  D.pulled down 
15—Final exam is coming,Tom.Don't watch TV for too a long.
-I'm not a child any more.1__ what to do.
A.should always be told  B.should always tell C.shouldn't always be told  D.shouldn't always tell

【考点3】主动结构表示被动意义的情况：
（1） 动词open， read， sell， write， lock， clean， watch， cut， burn， drive等作不及物动词， 且它们的主语为物时。
Eg：This kind of shirt sells well here.
（2）某些系动词（如smell， look， taste， feel， sound等）描述某物特性时。Eg：Light music sounds very soft.
（3）be worth doing中，doing表示被动意义。
Eg：This book is well worth reading.
（5） “need/require＋doing”相当于“need/require＋to be done”， to be done 是不定式的被动结构。
Eg：My bike needs repairing.＝My bike needs to be repaired.


例题：
1. This pen _________________.
这支钢笔写起来很流畅
2. This sweater __________________.
这件毛衣很耐洗
3. The book _________________.
这本书卖得很快(销路好:很畅销),
4. School uniforms ______________.
我们穿着校服很好看。
5. Dinner _____________________.
饭闻起来很香。
6. It __________________________.
听起来很有趣。
7. This film ______________________.
这部电影值得一看。
8. The picture book _________________.
这本图画书很值得一看。
9. My bike _________________.
我的自行车需要修理= My bike_____________.
10. The house__________________.
这所房子需要修理.


【考点4】使役动词和感官动词的被动语态要还原to
The boss made us do a lot of work。
We _____________ a lot of work by the boss.
I often see him play basketball on the playground.
He _____________________basketball on the playground by me.

例题
1. There are many good films played by Jackie Chan that are worth_______.
A. to be seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to see
2. The food ________ easily and sells________.
A.cooks: well B.is cooking ;good C. is cooked;well D. cooks: good
3. My transistor radio is out of work. It ________.
A. need to be repaired B. needs repairing C.need repairing D.needs to repair
4. How sweet the music _________!
A. sounds to B. is sounded C. is sounded to be D. sounds
5.-Do you like the new pen?
-Yes, it _______ very well.
A. is written B.is writing C.wrote D.writes
5.-Where is Tom? I have something important to talk with him.
- He was seen _______ the library just now. Maybe you can find him there.
A. entering B.enter C to enter D. enters
6.-How do you like the film
-Oh, wonderful, It's worth _______ again.
A. to see B. seeing C.to be seen D.being seen

【考点5】不能转换为被动句的主动句
1．动词的限制
有些及物动词，如have, become（适合）等，不能用于被动语态。
We have a car. 不可说成：A car is had by us.
The jacket doesn’t become me. 不可说成：I am not become by the jacket.
2．宾语的限制
如果直接宾语是反身代词、相互代词，就不能转换为被动语态。
I saw myself in the mirror. 不可说成：Myself was seen in the mirror by me.
We help each other. 不可说成：Each other is helped by us.

例题：
一、比较以下句子的正误：
1. （ ）：The race will be taken place tomorrow．
（ ）：The race will take place tomorrow．
2，（ ）：The accident was happened just outside the town limit．
（ ）：The accident happened just outside the town limit．

二、单项选择
1．The things talked about in this report _____ ever a year ago．
A．had taken place B．took place C．have taken place D．were taken place
2．I still don't know what _____ while I was away from home．
A．had happened B．was happened C．has happened D．happened

【考点6】被动结构与系表结构的区别
1．它们的主要区别在于：被动结构表示动作，系表结构表示状态。
被动结构 系表结构
The cup was broken (by him). The cup is broken.
I was encouraged by my teacher. I was rather encouraged.
I was interested by what I heard. I was interested in it.
2．句中有by短语，并且by后的宾语是有生命的人或动物，则该句一定是被动结构，有时不是人或动物也可以判断出是被动结构。
The bird was killed by the boy.
The crops were destroyed by the flood.
3．with短语常暗示着某个动作执行者的存在，这样的句子往往是被动结构。
The bird was killed with a stone.
4．系表结构中的表语常是一些以ed结尾的形容词，这些词常可用very, quite, rather, more等修饰。
I was very surprised. He was quite encouged.
They were rather interested. I am more annoyed.



基础演练
一、区别下列句子，指出是被动结构还是系表结构。
1.The shop was closed at 6:00 p.m. yesterday.
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. The shop is closed.
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. They were educated by the society, schools and families.
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. They were well educated.
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. He was dressed in blue.
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. The children were dressed every morning by their parents.
__________________________________________________________________________________

二、单项选择。
1. （安徽）. The villagers expect that the building of the bridge ____ before the rainy season comes.
A. is completed B. was completed C. will be completed D. has been completed
2. （福建） As one of the most exciting sports, volleyball in the Olympic Games in 1964.
A.included B. is included C. was included D. including
3.（广东） It is said that one Greater Bay Area university ____ in Guangdong in the future.
A. will be built B. build C. will build D. is built
4（海南）．---China plans to send another spaceship into space．
---Wow! More and more secrets _____soon．
A．are going to discover
B．will be discovered
C．have discovered
5. （河北） These caks _____ with chocolate. Have one, please.
A. fill B. filled C. are filled D. were filled
6.（河南）—Where is your book report? Did your dog eat it again?
—No, it almost ，and then my computer just died on me!
A.不填；finishes B.不填；finished C.is; finished D.was;finished
7.（湖北黄冈）—Oh, your room is too dirty, Mike!
—Sorry, Mum. It ___ _yesterday. I forgot to do it.
A. didn’t clean B. isn’t cleaned
C. was cleaned D. wasn’t cleaned
8.（江西）.Gina went to the doctor’s yesterday and she __________ about the important of good living habits once more.
A. told B. is told C. was told D. has told
9.（上海）Worries ____in lifeif you speak out to your close friend.
A.will reduce B.were reducing C.will be reduced D.were reduced
10.（咸宁）— The passenger refused to move after taking another one’s seat!
—What a shame! He according to the new credit system(诚信体系).
A. punish B. punished C. will punish D. will be punished
11.（江苏徐州）I learnt to swim when I was six. I ___________ by my mother.
A. am taught B. was taught C. will be taught D. have taught
12.（辽宁营口）I have a new bike. It _____ to me as a birthday gift by my father.
A. gives B. gave C. was giving D. was given
13.（四川南充） -Lucy, what have you learnt from this history class?
-Paper __________fast __________about 2,000 years ago in China.
A. is; invented B. was; invented C. is; inventing D. was; inventing
14.（四川遂宁））Some people think trees____ on Tree Planting Day only．
A．should plant B．should be planted C．should be plant D．should be planting
15（四川泸州）. The dictionary may ______ for three weeks.
A. keep B. be kept C. borrow D. be borrowed
16. （四川广元）Our city is very clean and beautiful because the streets ________ every day.
A. clean B. are cleaned C. are cleaning
17. （山东临沂）Three bridges ______ over the river five years ago.
A. built B. build C. were built D. are built
18.（江苏无锡）. Your application won't _____ until you complete the survey.
A. accept B. receive C. be accepted D. be received
19. （江苏淮安） Last March, many trees along the streets to make our city more beautiful.
A. were planted B. were planting C. had planted D. planted

20.（重庆） His car ____ five years ago, but it looks quite new.
A. buys B. bought C. is bought D. was bought

巩固提升
一、把下列句子改为主动句，用括号内所给的词作主语。
1.Spanish is spoken in South America. (people)
______________________________________________________
2.We are being taught how to operate the new machine. (a man)
______________________________________________________
3.The door should not have been left open all night. (you)
______________________________________________________
4.The boy was given a special prize. (the teacher)
______________________________________________________
5.All these words must be looked up in a dictionary. (you)
______________________________________________________
6.The room is always kept clean and tidy. (Jordan)
______________________________________________________

二、单项选择。
1. A baby’s first month birthday is a special event in China and _____ with a special party.
A. was celebrated B. is celebrated C. will be celebrated
2 If I _______ to the costume party. I will dress up as a Spider Man.
A. am invited B. invite C. will be invited
3. It is believed that Shen Nong ________ in the book called Cha Jing in the 8th century.
A. was mentioned B. is mentioned C. will be mentioned
4. -It's reported that the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge ______ in October, 2018.
- Yes.that' s really good. (金牛区“一诊”)
A. completed B. was completed C. has completed
5. More students have to take after-school classes. They ______hard to study for good grades.
A. Are pushed B. are pushing C. have pushed
6. More than twelve schools _______ in our area next year.
A. are built B.will built C. will be built
7. In most European countries, the used things like plastic______into different treasure of China.
A. Was separated B. is separated C. are separated
8. The movie Forever Young _______ showing until January 12, 2018 for some reasons .
A. put off B. was put off C. will be put off
9. The girl who ______by the taxi driver last year is only 21 years old
A. was killed B. is killed C. will be killed
10. It's said that a modern park _______near Tiefu Village, Wuhou next month.
A. was built B would be built C. will be built
11.-Look at the trees here. How high they grow!
- Yes. I still remember how they ______by your classmates.
A. plant B. are planted C. were planted