高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters课后复习题

Part 2　Discovering Useful Structures &Listening and Talking

基础过关练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.Because of the earthquake, the electricity　　　(供应) was cut off. 

2.The baby was crying and the mother was trying her best to 　　　(使平静) him.  

3.Dr. Fox went to the 　　　(帮助)of the dying man despite having been injured in the crash. 

4.Nowadays, volcanoes 　　　(爆发) more frequently than before. 

5.Knowing what not to do in an 　　　(突发事件) is as important as knowing what to do. 

Ⅱ.选词填空

stay away from;in the open air;take turns;on hand

1.They had to sleep 　　　　　　after the earthquake. 

2.When Mom is not at home, Dan and I usually 　　　　　　to cook.  

3.He had a big task 　　　　　　and he began to do it without delay. 

4.If you find yourself addicted to computer games,you'd better　　　　　　 the screen. 

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1.Never before has our country been so 　　　　(power) as it is today. 

2.Mrs. Coxen was aided 　　　　looking after the children by her niece. 

3.Alan looked at him and said 　　　　(calm), “I believe you can go to your ideal university.”  

4.The scientist spent years alone in the forest, 　　　　(survive) mainly by eating wild fruits. 

5.Nowadays, can we find a person 　　　　has not experienced online shopping? 

6.I often recall the happy days 　　　　we spent together during our summer holiday. 

7.The moment I got home, I found my jacket 　　　　(leave) in the playground. 

8.Jack suggested 　　　　(play) football after school, but I refused because the exam was coming. 

Ⅳ.将下列句子合并为含定语从句的句子

1.This is the reason. He gave the reason for his being late.

2.Look at the boy and his dog. I meet them every day on my way to school.

3.The girl is from America. Her father is a Chinese.

4.Who is the man? He is drawing a picture over there.

5.We visited the lady yesterday. She taught us Chinese when we were in primary school.

6.I've made friends with some of the students. I met them in the English speech contest.

Ⅴ.仔细体会文章语境,用适当的关系代词that、which、

who、whom或whose填空

A Girl Who Is Good at Drawing

Mary 　1　 drawings were shown at the exhibition last month is a model student 　2　 is often praised for her good work at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall our attention was attracted by a very large picture 　3　 was hung on the wall in front of us.  

The horse 　4　 was drawn in the picture is exactly like a real horse. The man 　5　is riding on it looks like a living man. 

It is the best picture 　6　 I have ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 　7　I have ever heard of. However, you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary was born a good painter. One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing until she became the best young painter 　8　 has ever been heard of in her hometown. But if you say that she has learned to be so good at drawing only by working hard at it, I will certainly agree with you. 

1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　 

5.　　　　6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　 

能力提升练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2020安徽蚌埠一中高一上期中,)

Stages of a Hurricane: Simple Storms Grow into Giants

A storm progresses through four different stages before it is actually considered a hurricane. The first is a tropical disturbance(热带扰动), which has thunderstorms and rotating(旋转的) winds. Next is a tropical depression(热带低气压), which is similar to a tropical disturbance, but has winds between 23 and 39 miles per hour. A tropical storm is the next level, which has stronger wind speeds between 40 and 73 miles per hour. Once winds reach 74 miles per hour the storm is officially called a hurricane. The wind picks up energy from the warm surface of ocean water.

As a hurricane crosses over land, it begins to become weaker or break apart and reduce in strength. This is because it is no longer over the warm ocean water that it needs for energy. At this point, a hurricane can still cause a lot of damage because of high winds, rain, and flood. But unless it makes its way back over the open ocean, it is downgraded from a hurricane back to a tropical storm.

What's Your Name, Hurricane?

Hurricanes and tropical storms are given names to help people recognize them. Scientists refer to hurricanes and storms by name as they track them across the ocean.

Before 1953, hurricanes were not given official names. From 1953 to 1978, hurricanes were only given female names, like Isabel, Camille, Claudette, and Wilma. Beginning in 1979, hurricanes were given the names of both women and men. Today, the names alternate male and female names, and they are named in order of letters.

For example, in 2010, storms were named as follows: Alex(male), Bonnie(female), Colin (male), Danielle(female), Earl(male) and so on...

There are six different lists of names that change, so the same names are used every six years. The only way that a new name is added is when a hurricane has been particularly deadly or costly and the name is retired, and then replaced with a new one.

1.What happens when a hurricane crosses over land?

A.It breaks apart and forms tornadoes.

B.It returns to the ocean afterwards.

C.It moves more quickly.

D.It becomes less powerful.

2.The underlined word “alternate” in paragraph 4 means “　　　”. 

A.take turns between

B.carry on

C.come from

D.cause trouble to

3.What do we know about the hurricanes?

A.Six common hurricane names are often used.

B.An old name is replaced every year.

C.Most of them are deadly and costly.

D.They didn't have official names until 1953.

B

(2021北京昌平区新学道临川学校高一上12月月考,)

Recently whenever I turned on my computer or my mobile phone, news about the great effect of Hurricane Harvey(哈维飓风)on thousands of people caught my eye. I saw many unfortunate events. However, there was also lots of bright news that showed the goodness of mankind. As a reporter, I reported many human interest stories when doing my job. That's why the story about the guys in a bakery(面包店)caught my eye.

When the workers at a Mexican bakery chain in Houston were trapped inside the building for two days, they didn't sit there feeling sorry for themselves. They used their time wisely after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey. While waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, the four workers decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for people around the neighborhood. They talked to their manager about their plan over the phone and the manager agreed.

The flood water rose in the street outside. They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread. They used more than 4,200 pounds of flour(面粉)to create hundreds of loaves and sheets of sweet bread. Although the water kept rising, they continued baking to help more people. By the time the manager managed to get to them, they had made so much bread that they took the loaves to lots of emergency centers across the city for people affected by the floods.

The store manager, Brian Alvarado, told The Independent, “They've done more than they should have done. And what they had done has lit a light for people. I feel lucky to have them work in the bakery.”

Whenever a disaster occurs, nobody should feel forlorn. Instead, we should stay hopeful and take positive action to save ourselves and help others. Our acts of kindness will make a big difference to the people in the world as well as the world itself.

4.Why did the story in the bakery draw the author's attention?

A.Because it was helpful in choosing a good job.

B.Because it made him/her interested in baking.

C.Because it could bring him/her much money.

D.Because it showed the goodness of mankind.

5.What did the guys in the bakery do in the disaster?

A.They tried to get people out of water.

B.They set up emergency centers to help.

C.They offered to make bread for people.

D.They let homeless people live in the bakery.

6.What does Brian Alvarado think of the four workers?

A.He found them lucky.

B.He was proud of them.

C.They were experienced.

D.They were shy but brave.

7.What does the underlined word “forlorn” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A.Hopeless.

B.Confident.

C.Serious.

D.Angry.

Ⅱ.语法填空

(2021山东新高考质量联盟高一上12月联考,)

Formed in 2001, the China International Search and Rescue Team(CISAR)brings help and hope to those 　1　 lives are changed by natural disasters. 

The team went on its first international rescue mission in 2003. It was the first time that a Chinese team 　2　(work)outside China, and the team won high praise 　3　 their bravery and skills. The list of people to whom help has been given ever since 　4　(be)long. The team treated more than 3,000 people who were injured in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia, and spent several months 　5　(give) aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan. 

Rescue workers　6　(train)to find people, treat the injured, and hand out food, water, and other supplies. There is 　7　(usual)no electricity or water after a disaster and diseases and accidents may appear.　8　(save)lives, rescue workers have to work day and night, and sadly they must also bury 　9　 dead, which means they have to be strong in both the body and the mind. Rescue workers must have big hearts, too. Of course, they'll have to take 　10　(effect)measures in action.The members of the CISAR are always ready to go wherever help is needed. 

1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　 

6.　　　 7.　　　 8.　　　 9.　　　 10.　　　 

答案全解全析

基础过关练

Ⅰ.1.supply　2.calm　3.aid　 4.erupt　5.emergency

Ⅱ.1.in the open air　2.take turns　3.on hand　4.stay away from

Ⅲ.1.powerful　考查形容词。句意:我们的国家从来没有像今天这样强大过。此处需用形容词作表语,故填powerful。

2.in　考查固定搭配。句意:Coxen太太有她侄女帮忙照看孩子们。aid sb. in doing sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,故填in。

3.calmly　考查副词。句意:Alan看着他,平静地说:“我相信你能上你理想的大学。”此处修饰动词said应用副词形式,故填calmly。

4.surviving　考查现在分词。句意:这位科学家独自在森林里待了好几年,主要靠吃野果生存。分析可知,设空处作状语,The scientist与survive之间为主动关系,故填现在分词surviving。

5.that/who　考查定语从句。句意:如今,我们能找到一个没有网购经历的人吗?设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词a person,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,故用关系代词that或who。

6.that/which　考查定语从句。句意:我经常回忆起暑假期间我们一起度过的快乐的日子。设空处引导定语从句, 修饰先行词the happy days, 指物, 且从句中缺少动词spent的宾语,所以填关系代词that或which。

易错分析

　　本题易错填when,当先行词为表示时间的名词时,需要弄清楚关系词在从句中作什么成分,如果是作时间状语,则用when,如果是作主语或宾语,则用that或which。

7.left　考查过去分词。句意:我刚到家就发现我把夹克落在操场上了。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作宾语补足语,且my jacket与leave为被动关系,故填过去分词left。

8.playing　考查动名词。句意:Jack建议放学后去踢足球,但是因为快要考试了,我拒绝了。suggest doing sth.意为“建议做某事”。故填playing。

Ⅳ.1.This is the reason which/that he gave for his being late.

2.Look at the boy and his dog that I meet every day on my way to school.

3.The girl whose father is a Chinese is from America.

4.Who is the man that is drawing a picture over there?

5.We visited the lady who/that taught us Chinese when we were in primary school yesterday.

6.I've made friends with some of the students who/that I met in the English speech contest.

Ⅴ.1.whose　先行词是Mary,关系词在从句中作定语。

2.who/that　先行词是a model student,指人,关系词在从句中作主语。

3.that/which　先行词是a very large picture,指物,关系词在从句中作主语。

4.which/that　先行词是The horse,关系词在从句中作主语。

5.who/that　先行词是The man,指人,关系词在从句中作主语。

6.that　先行词被最高级修饰,关系词在从句中作have ever seen的宾语。

易错分析

　　本题易错填which。需要注意的是当先行词被最高级修饰、先行词是形容最高级、先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时,宜用that,而不用which。

7.that/who/whom　先行词是the best young painter,指人,关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语。

8.that/who　先行词是the best young painter,指人,关系词在从句中作主语。

能力提升练

Ⅰ.A

◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了飓风的四个阶段和其命名方式。

1.D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“As a hurricane crosses over land, it begins to become weaker or break apart and reduce in strength.”可知,当飓风越过陆地时,它开始变得越来越弱,故选D。

2.A　词义猜测题。根据文章第五段内容可知,风暴的名字是按照字母顺序交替选取男子名和女子名的。由此推知画线单词的含义为“交替选取”。故选A。B项“继续”;C项“来自”;D项“给……惹麻烦”。

3.D　细节理解题。由文章第四段第一句“Before 1953, hurricanes were not given official names.”可知,1953年以前,飓风没有正式的名字。故选D。A项“六个常见的飓风名字经常被使用”与文中最后一段第一句话(有六个不同的会改变的名字列表,所以相同的名字每六年使用一次。)表述不符;B项“一个旧的名字每年都会被替换”与最后一段最后一句(添加新名字的唯一方式是,当一场飓风特别致命或造成巨大损失,原来的名字不能用了,然后用一个新名字代替的时候。)不相符;C项“它们中的大部分是致命的且造成巨大损失的”,文中并未做出此方面的具体说明,故错误。

【高频词汇】　1.progress v.继续行进;进展 n.进步;前进

2.stage n.阶段;时期　3.be similar to与……类似　4.recognize vt.辨别出;认出;认可　5.refer to 提及;涉及;参考;查阅  6.official adj.正式的;官方的　7.track v.追踪;跟踪  8.particularly adv.尤其;特别　9.deadly adj.致命的　10.costly adj.造成损失的;昂贵的

长难句分析

原句　The only way that a new name is added is when a hurricane has been particularly deadly or costly and the name is retired, and then replaced with a new one.

分析　本句为主从复合句。句子的主干是一个主系表结构,主语为The only way,主语后为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词way,when在句中引导表语从句。

句意　增加一个新名字的唯一方式是当一场飓风特别致命或造成重大损失,(原来的)名字不能用了,然后用一个新的名字代替的时候。

B

◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。哈维飓风到来时,面包店员工被困,他们决定为周围的人们做面包,这一举动产生了重大影响。

4.D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“However, there was also lots of bright news that showed the goodness of mankind...caught my eye.”可知,面包店的故事引起了作者的注意是因为它显示了人类的善良。故选D。其余三项信息在文中均未提及。

5.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“While waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, the four workers decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for people around the neighborhood.”可知,虽然面包店的员工被困在大楼里,但他们主动提出为人们做面包。故选C。其余三项信息在文中均未提及。

6.B　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“They've done more than they should have done. And what they had done has lit a light for people. I feel lucky to have them work in the bakery.”可知,面包店经理 Brian Alvarado对员工的评价很高,即他为四位员工的行为感到骄傲。故选B。A项“他发现他们是幸运的”与倒数第二段中的“I feel lucky to have them work in the bakery.”(“I”指“面包店经理”)描述不符;C项“他们是有经验的”文中未提及;D项“他们很害羞,但是很勇敢”文中未提及相关信息。

7.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的后一句“Instead, we should stay hopeful and take positive action to save ourselves and help others.(相反,我们应该抱有希望并采取积极的行动来拯救自己和帮助别人。)”中的Instead可知后句与前句在意思上构成转折关系,再由hopeful可推知,画线词的意思是“绝望的”。故选A。B项“自信的”;C项“严肃的”;D项“生气的”。

【高频词汇】　1.catch one's eye 引起某人的注意;吸引某人的视线　2.eventual adj.最终的;最后的　3.take advantage of利用  4.manage v.完成(困难的事);勉力完成;能解决(问题)  5.occur vi.发生;出现　6.make a difference起作用;有影响  7.draw one's attention吸引某人的注意　8.experienced adj.有经验的;熟练的

长难句分析

原句　By the time the manager managed to get to them, they had made so much bread that they took the loaves to lots of emergency centers across the city for people affected by the floods.

分析　本句为主从复合句。By the time the manager managed to get to them为By the time引导的时间状语从句;so...that...引导结果状语从句,其中,affected by the floods为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰people。

句意　到经理设法赶到他们那里时,他们已经做了很多面包,他们把大面包送到了许多遍布城市各处的应急中心,提供给那些受洪水影响的人。

Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了成立于2001年的中国国际救援队给那些遭受自然灾害的人带来了帮助和希望。

1.whose　考查定语从句。句意:成立于2001年的中国国际救援队给那些生活因自然灾害而改变的人带来了帮助和希望。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词为those,指人,关系词在定语从句中作定语,所以用关系代词whose。

2.had worked　考查动词的时态。句意:这是中国团队第一次在国外工作,该团队因其勇敢和技术赢得了高度赞扬。It was the first time that sb./sth....意为“这是某人/某物第一次……”,that从句用过去完成时。故填had worked。

易错分析

本题需要注意的一个知识点:It is the first time+that从句,从句用现在完成时态;It was the first time+that从句,从句用过去完成时态。注意此句中的was,不要错填成has worked。

3.for　考查介词。句意见上题。分析句子结构和句意可知,设空处应填表示原因的介词。for意为“因为,由于”,符合句意。故填for。

4.is　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:从那以后,得到帮助的人的名单很长。此处描述客观事实,用一般现在时。分析句子结构可知,主句主语为The list,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is。

5.giving　考查动名词。句意:该团队治疗了3,000多名在2006年印度尼西亚地震中受伤的人,并用了几个月的时间向2010年巴基斯坦洪水中的25,000多名受害者提供援助。分析句子可知,此处为动词短语spend time (in) doing sth.(花费时间做某事)。故填giving。

6.are trained　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:救援人员接受过寻找人员,治疗伤者,分发食物、水和其他补给品的训练。结合语境及下文可知应用一般现在时。根据句意可知,救援人员是接受训练者,Rescue workers与train为被动关系,此处应用被动语态,Rescue workers为复数。故填are trained。

7.usually　考查副词。句意:灾难过后通常没有电或水,可能会出现疾病和事故。分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语,应用副词。故填usually。

8.To save　考查动词不定式。句意:为了拯救生命,救援人员必须夜以继日地工作,不幸的是,他们还必须埋葬死者,这意味着他们必须身心强健。分析句子结构和句意可知,此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填To save。

9.the　考查冠词。句意见上题。定冠词用在形容词前,表示一类人,设空处应填定冠词the,the dead表示“死者”。

10.effective　考查形容词。句意:当然,他们将不得不采取有效的措施行动起来。分析句子结构可知,设空处应用形容词,修饰复数名词measures。故填effective,意为“有效的”。

【高频词汇】　1.mission n.使命;任务　2.spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事　3.victim n.受害者　4.hand out分发

5.day and night夜以继日　6.measure n.措施;方法;量;尺度;衡量 v.测量;度量