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- 专题05 高频语法之定语从句、名词性从句与语法填空-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考专用） 试卷 9 次下载
- 专题06 高频语法之状语从句、并列句、特殊句型与语法填空-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考专用） 试卷 8 次下载
- 专题08 阅读理解之主旨题 -2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考专用） 试卷 7 次下载
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- 专题10 阅读理解之猜词题 -2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考专用） 试卷 7 次下载
专题07 阅读理解之细节题 -2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考专用）
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一、思维导图
二、方法点拨
1. 设问方式和考题类型
常针对文中细节提问，可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
1. 是非题形式：true/ false或except?
All f the fllwing are true EXCEPT _____.
2.特殊疑问句形式：
Accrding t the passage, wh/ what/ when/ where / why / hw…
3.填空题形式，如：
T avid attracting muntain lins, peple are advised_____
2. 题目类型
1.Wh-细节型
2.是非型
3.计算型
4.排序型
5.图标型
3. 细节题选项特征
(一)细节理解题正确选项特征
(二)细节理解题干扰选项特征
4. 定位词寻找技巧
1.定位词的选用
(1)特殊定位词
在很多题目当中会出现人名、地名、数字、年份和大写字母缩写这五类特殊词。因为它们的特点是在一篇多数是英文小写字母的文章里非常的醒目，所以很快就能够做到精确定位。
[示例1]
HUNCH is designed t cnnect high schl classrms with NASA engineers.Fr the past tw years，Grdn’s students have been studying ways t kill bacteria in zer gravity，and they think they’re clse t a slutin(解决方案).“We dn’t give the students any breaks.They have t d it just like NASA engineers，” says Flrence Gld，a prject manager.
33.What is the purpse f the HUNCH prgram?
A.T strengthen teacher-student relatinships.
B.T sharpen students’ cmmunicatin skills.
C.T allw students t experience zer gravity.
D.T link space technlgy with schl educatin.
分析：选D。本题可以根据特殊定位词HUNCH可以定位到本段的第一句“HUNCH is designed t cnnect high schl classrms with NASA engineers.”可知，HUNCH项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起，故答案为D。
(2)普通定位词
普通定位词与特殊定位词相比，出现的几率更高。当我们看到题中没有特殊定位词的情况下，要思考的就是在这道似乎没有啥重点的词语中挑选出最能帮助我们快速找到定位的词语。可以当做定位词的首选是名词，其次是动词。
[示例2]
In Save Mney：Gd Fd，she visits a different hme each week and with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste，while preparing recipes fr under ￡5 per family a day.And the Gd Mrning Britain presenter says she’s been able t put a lt f what she’s learnt int practice in her wn hme，preparing meals fr sns，Sam，14，Finn，13，and Jack，11.
25.Hw des Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A.He buys cking materials fr her.
B.He prepares fd fr her kids.
C.He assists her in cking matters.
D.He invites guest families fr her.
分析：选C。 由于比较醒目人名Matt Tebbutt和 Susanna在文中出现多次，所以不能作为定位词。本题可以利用题干中的动词help来定位，从而找到原文信息“with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste”。
2.挑选定位词的注意点
(1)文章中的高频词不能作为定位词
定位词的最大优势就是可以缩小阅读范围，如果我们定位了一个在文章中处处可能出现的词语，那就失去了定位的意义。
(2)定位词和文中词有可能是词义转换
在实际做题过程中还要注意，不是所有的题目都可以用定位词来定位的。而且如果是遇到细节信息定位题，很多时候定位词的作用被削弱了，因为题目中的词和文中的词会以同义词替换的形式出现。所以建议考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位词，另外一方面要提高自己的阅读词汇量，尤其是同义词转换，这样才能一击必中，快速找到答案出现的地方解决问题。
[示例1]
Cherry Blssm Bike Tur in Washingtn，D.C.
Duratin：3 hurs
This small grup bike tur is a fantastic way t see the wrld-famus cherry trees with beautiful flwers f Washingtn， guide will prvide a histry lessn abut the trees and the famus mnuments where they blssm.Reserve yur spt befre availability—and the cherry blssms—disappear!
21.Which tur d yu need t bk in advance?
A.Cherry Blssm Bike Tur in Washingtn，D.C.
B.Washingtn Capital Mnuments Bicycle Tur.
C.Capital City Bike Tur in Washingtn，D.C.
D.Washingtn Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tur.
分析：选A。本题可以用同义词定位：bk in advance ＝reserve“预约”。根据第一条自行车旅行路线中的“Reserve yur spt befre availability—and the cherry blssms—disappear！”可知，选择这条自行车旅行路线需要提前预订。
5. 解题流程
细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。
细节理解题无论以怎样的方式提问，考生都要记住一个解题原则——“本本主义”，一切从原文出发，无须读很多段落甚至全文后去归纳总结、分析推理，正确答案就对应原文的某一处具体信息。可以用两步法解题。
一．直接信息题
考生可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题眼。先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。解题流程如下：
做题小技巧：
1.若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。
2.在出现一些关键词，如hwever、but、mrever、therefre、 thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。
3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项
4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must, never, the mst, all, merely, nly, have t, any, n, cmpletely, nne,等。但不是绝对，也有例外。
5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如： must, may, ften, shuld, usually, might, mst, mre r less, likely, all, never，few 等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。
6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及.
例子1
…
I fund the prehlidays a gd time t encurage yung children t dnate lessused things, and it wrked. Because f ur effrts, ur daughter Gergia did decide t dnate a large bag f tys t a little girl whse mther was unable t pay fr her hliday due t illness. She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund (基金) (ur kindergarten daughter is serius abut becming a dctr)．
…
33．What made Gergia agree t sell sme f her bjects?
A．Saving up fr her hliday.
B．Raising mney fr a pr girl.
C．Adding the mney t her fund.
D．Giving the mney t a sick mther.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
第二步：比对定答案
二．间接信息题
相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。
例子2…
Of the cmmn berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, althugh, because f their seeds, raspberries cntain a little mre prtein (蛋白质), irn and zinc (nt that fruits have much prtein). Blueberries are particularly high in antixidants (抗氧化物质). The yellw and range stne fruits such as peaches are high in the cartenids we turn int vitamin A and which are antixidants. As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C.
…
24．What des the authr seem t like abut cherries?
A．They cntain prtein.
B．They are high in vitamin A.
C．They have a pleasant taste.
D．They are rich in antixidants.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
第二步：比对定答案
三．概括、归纳信息题
是指命题人用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，这是命题人设计细节理解题的正确选项时经常使用的手段之一。考生首先应依据题干指向，找到文中相应的信息区间，然后尝试用自己的语言去归纳总结文中的信息或事实，然后再看选项，挑选出和自己所归纳总结的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。
例子3…
At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages, ften spken by many peple, while ht, wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers. Eurpe has nly arund 200 languages; the Americas abut 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
…
30．Hw many languages are spken by less than 6,000 peple at present?
A．Abut 6,800. B．Abut 3,400.
C．Abut 2,400. D．Abut 1,200.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
第二步：比对定答案
四．正误判断题
是细节理解题中解题比较繁琐的题目，说其繁琐，因为其信息不像其他类题目那样集中在文章的某一句或某一段，而是分散在文章的各个角落。对于这类题目，考生要静下心来，看清范围，确定方向，找到每一个选项的对应信息后，谨慎排除，综合选优。
例子4
Fd festivals arund the wrld
Stiltn Cheese Rlling
May Day is a traditinal day fr celebratins, but the 2,000 English villagers f Stiltn must be the nly peple in the wrld wh include cheese rlling in their annual plans. Teams f fur, dressed in a variety f strange and funny clthes, rll a cmplete cheese alng a 50metre curse. On the way, they must nt kick r thrw their cheese, r g int their cmpetitrs' lane (赛道)．Cmpetitin is fierce and the chief prize is a cmplete Stiltn cheese weighing abut fur kils (disappintingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wden nes). All the cmpetitrs are served with beer r prt wine, the traditinal accmpaniment fr Stiltn cheese.
Fiery Fds Festival — The Httest Festival n Earth
Every year mre than 10,000 peple head fr the city f Albuquerque, New Mexic. They cme frm as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a cmmn addictin — fd that is nt just spicy (辛辣), but ht enugh t make yur muth burn, yur head spin and yur eyes water. Their destinatin is the Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival which is held ver a perid f three days every March. Yu might like t try a chclatecvered habaner pepper — fficially the httest pepper in the wrld — r any ne f the thusands f prducts that are n shw. But ne thing's fr sure — if yu dn't like the feeling f a burning tngue, this festival isn't fr yu!
La Tmatina — The Wrld's Biggest Fd Fight
On the last Wednesday f every August, the Spanish twn f Buñl hsts La Tmatina — the wrld's largest fd fight. A weeklng celebratin leads up t an exciting tmat battle as the highlight f the week's events. The early mrning sees the arrival f large trucks with tmates — fficial fightstarters get things ging by casting tmates at the crwd.
…
59．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．The chief prize fr the Stiltn cheese rlling cmpetitin is beer r prt wine.
B．Mre than 10,000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival.
C．Thusands f spicy fds are n shw in the Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival.
D．An exciting tmat battle takes place at the beginning f La Tmatina.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
第二步：逐一比对定答案
[答案] C
三、高考真题
2021年6月新高考1卷B篇
By day, Rbert Tittertn is a lawyer. In his spare time thugh he ges n stage beside pianist Maria Rasppva—nt as a musician but as her page turner. "I'm nt a trained musician, but I've learnt t read music s I can help Maria in her perfrmance."
Mr Tittertn is chairman f the Omega Ensemble but has been the grup's fficial page turner fr the past fur years. His jb is t sit beside the pianist and turn the pages f the scre s the musician desn't have t break the flw f sund by ding it themselves. He said he became just as nervus as thse playing instruments n stage.
"A lt f skills are needed fr the jb. Yu have t make sure yu dn't turn tw pages at nce and make sure yu find the repeats in the music when yu have t g back t the right spt, " Mr Tittertn explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty f practice. Sme pieces f music can g fr 40 minutes and require up t 50 page turns, including back turns fr repeat passages. Silent nstage cmmunicatin is key, and each pianist has their wn style f "ndding" t indicate a page turn which they need t practise with their page turner.
But like all perfrmances, there are mments when things g wrng. "I was turning the page t get ready fr the next page, but the draft wind frm the turn caused the spare pages t fall ff the stand, " Mr Tittertn said. "Luckily I was able t catch them and put them back."
Mst page turners are pian students r up-and-cming cncert pianists, althugh Ms Rasppva has nce asked her husband t help her ut n stage.
"My husband is the wrst page turner, " she laughed. "He's interested in the music, feeling every nte, and I have t say: 'Turn, turn!'" "Rbert is the best page turner I've had in my entire life."
1.What shuld Tittertn be able t d t be a page turner?
A.Read music. B.Play the pian.
C.Sing sngs. D.Fix the instruments.
2Which f the fllwing best describes Tittertn's jb n stage?
A.Bring. B.Well-paid. C.Demanding. D.Dangerus.
3What des Tittertn need t practise?
A.Cunting the pages.
B.Recgnizing the "ndding".
C.Catching falling bjects.
D.Perfrming in his wn style.
4Why is Ms Rasppva's husband "the wrst page turner" ?
A.He has very pr eyesight.
B.He ignres the audience.
C.He has n interest in music.
D.He frgets t d his jb.
2021年6月全国乙卷D篇
During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin（干扰）in his pen ffice, he said, "That's why I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street—s I can fcus." His cmment struck me as strange. After all, cwrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut（布局）. But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach wrks.
The researchers examined varius levels f nise n participants as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking. They were randmly divided int fur grups and expsed t varius nise levels in the backgrund, frm ttal silence t 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup—thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp—significantly utperfrmed the ther grups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that ur creative thinking des nt differ that much in respnse t ttal silence and 85 decibels f backgrund nise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study als suggests that the right level f backgrund nise—nt t lud and nt ttal silence—may actually imprve ne's creative thinking ability. The right level f backgrund nise may interrupt ur nrmal patterns f thinking just enugh t allw ur imaginatins t wander, withut making it impssible t fcus. This kind f "distracted fcus" appears t be the best state fr wrking n creative tasks.
S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can't stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers' cnversatins while we're trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a cwrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.
1.Why des the interviewer prefer a cwrking space?
A.It helps him cncentrate.
B.It blcks ut backgrund nise.
C.It has a pleasant atmsphere.
D.It encurages face-t-face interactins.
2.Which level f backgrund nise may prmte creative thinking ability?
A.Ttal silence. B.50 decibels.
C.70 decibels. D.85 decibels.
2021年6月浙江卷B篇
We live in a twn with three beaches. There are tw parks less than 10 minutes' walk frm hme where neighburhd children gather t play. Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it fr hurs. They are nt alne. Tday's children spend an average f fur and a half hurs a day lking at screens, split between watching televisin and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag, film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say "chclate" int his three-year-ld sn's ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself "marketing directr fr Nature". He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wild Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
"Just five mre minutes utdrs can make a difference, " David Bnd says. "There is a lt f really interesting evidence which seems t be suggesting that if children are inspired up t the age f seven, then being utdrs will be a habit fr life." His wn children have gt int the habit f playing utside nw: "We just send them ut int the garden and tell them nt t cme back in fr a while."
Summer is upn us. There is an amazing wrld ut there, and it needs ur children as much as they need it. Let us get them ut and let them play.
1.What is the prblem with the authr's children?
A.They ften anny the neighburs.
B.They are tired f ding their hmewrk.
C.They have n friends t play with.
D.They stay in frnt f sereens fr t lng.
2.Hw did David Bnd advcate his idea?
A.By making a dcumentary film.
B.By rganizing utdr activities.
C.By advertising in Lndn media.
D.By creating a netwrk f friends.
答案解析
ACBD AC DA
2021年6月新高考1卷B篇
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据题干信息be able t d定位到第三段A lt f skills are needed fr the jb. Yu have t make sure yu dn't turn tw pages at nce and make sure yu find the repeats in the music when yu have t g back t the right spt.可知，做一名page turner需要能够找到音乐中重复的部分，然后翻回到乐谱正确的地方。因此做一名page turner需要能够读懂音乐。故选A。
2推理判断题。根据题干选项定位到第五段。分析语境可知，他在工作中有时还要处理突发事件，例如会有翻开一页乐谱的风导致其他的乐谱掉落的情况。因此，可以形容这份工作是让人费神费力的。故选C。
3细节理解题。根据题干信息need t practice定位到第四段第一句Being a page turner requires plenty f practice.这句话后面说明了page turner需要能够捕捉到演奏者的点头致意，根据这一信号来翻页，这是需要配合练习的。故选B。
4细节理解题。根据题干信息the wrst page turner定位到最后一段。分析可知，说话人的丈夫总是过度沉迷于音乐本身而忘记翻页，以至于她必须告诉他该翻页了。故选D。
2021年6月全国乙卷D篇
【解析】1.细节理解题。由第一段第二句"… s I can fcus"可知，采访者喜欢在公用工作场所办公，是因为他可以集中精力。故选A。
2细节理解题。由第二段"the participants in the 70 decibels grup… significantly utperfrmed the ther grups"可知，在70分贝下采访者的表现最优，说明该环境可以改善创造性思维能力。故选C。
2021年6月浙江卷B篇
1.细节理解题。根据第一段第三句 "Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it fr hurs." 可知，作者的孩子们放学之后只想看电子屏幕，并盯着看好几个小时，故选D。
2细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wild Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.“可知，作者记录了自己的旅程，并制作成电影，故选A。
四、实战演练
1.
Benjamin West, the father f American painting, shwed his talent fr art when he was nly six years f age. But he did nt knw abut brushes befre a visitr tld him he needed ne. In thse days, a brush was made frm camel’s hair. There were n camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair wuld wrk instead. He cut sme fur frm the family cat t make a brush.
The brush did nt last lng. Sn Benjamin needed mre fur. Befre lng, the cat began t lk ragged （蓬乱）. His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was frced t admit what he had been ding.
The cat’s lt was abut t imprve. That year, ne f Benjamin’s cusins, Mr. Penningtn, came t visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went hme, he sent Benjamin a bx f paint and sme brushes. He als sent six engravings （版画）by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years ld，Mr. Penningtn returned fr anther visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had dne with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the by t Philadelphia fr a visit.
In the city, Mr. Penningtn gave Benjamin materials fr creating il paintings. The by began a landscape (风景) painting. Williams, a well-knwn painter, came t see him wrk. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him tw classic bks n painting t take hme. The bks were lng and dull. Benjamin culd read nly a little, having been a pr student. But he later said,” Thse tw bks were my cmpanins by day, and under my pillw at night.” While it is likely that he understd very little f the bks, they were his intrductin t classical paintings. The nine-year-ld by decided then that he wuld be an artist.
23. What did Penningtn d t help Benjamin develp his talent?
A. He tk him t see painting exhibitins.
B. He prvided him with painting materials.
C. He sent him t a schl in Philadelphia.
D. He taught him hw t make engravings.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题，根据最后一段“Mr. Penningtn gave Benjamin materials fr creating il paintings”, 可知Penningtn为了帮助Benjamin培养绘画天赋，给他提供了一些绘画材料，故选B。
24. Williams’ tw bks helped Benjamin t ________.
A. master the use f paints
B. appreciate landscape paintings
C. get t knw ther painters
D. make up his mind t be a painter
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题，根据最后一段“While it is likely that he understd very little f the bks, they were his intrductin t classical paintings. The nine-year-ld by decided then that he wuld be an artist, 可知：这两本书帮助Benjamin坚定了自己成为一名画家的决心，故选D。
2.
Getting less sleep has becme a bad habit fr mst American kids. Accrding t a new survey(调查) by the Natinal Sleep Fundatin, 51% f kids aged 10 t 18 g t bed at 10 pm r later n schl nights, even thugh they have t get up early. Last year the Fundatin reprted that nearly 60% f 7- t 12-year-lds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at schl.
Hw much sleep yu need depends a lt n yur age. Babies need a lt f rest: mst f them sleep abut 18 hurs a day! Adults need abut eight hurs. Fr mst schl-age children, ten hurs is ideal(理想的). But the new Natinal Sleep Fundatin survey fund that 35% f 10- t 12-year-lds get nly seven r eight hurs. And guess what almst half f the surveyed kids said they d befre bedtime? Watch TV.
“Mre children are ging t bed with TVs n, and there are mre pprtunities(机会) t stay awake, with mre hmewrk, the Internet and the phne,” says Dr. Mary Carskadn, a sleep researcher at Brwn University Medical Schl. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard fr them t calm dwn and sleep. Other experts say part f the prblem is chemical. Changing levels f bdy chemicals called hrmnes nt nly make teenagers’ bdies develp adult characteristics, but als make it hard fr teenagers t fall asleep befre 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such a prblem fr teenagers, sme schl districts have decided t start high schl classes later than they used t. Three years ag, schls in Edina, Minnesta, changed the start time frm 7:25 am t 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.
25. What is the new Natinal Sleep Fundatin survey n?
A. American kids’ sleeping habits. B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.
C. Activities t prevent sleeplessness. D. Learning prblems and lack f sleep.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题，根据文中第一段列举了一些数据，向我们说明美国有51%的10到18岁的孩子上床睡觉的时间偏晚，也调查了60%的7到12岁的孩子在白天感到疲惫，15%的孩子会在学校睡着，所以这些调查都是关于美国孩子的睡眠习惯的，故选A。
26. Hw many hurs f sleep d 11-year-lds need every day?
A. 7 hurs. B. 8 hurs. C. 10 hurs. D. 18 hurs.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题，根据第二段“Fr mst schl-age children, ten hurs is ideal”, 所以11岁的上学小孩子的睡眠时间需要10个小时，故选C。
27. Why d teenagers g t sleep late accrding t Carskadn?
A. They are affected by certain bdy chemicals.
B. They tend t d things that excite them.
C. They fllw their parents’ examples.
D. They dn’t need t g t schl early.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题，根据第三段“She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard fr them t calm dwn and sleep”,所以她认为孩子们睡觉晚的原因是他们会在睡前做一些让他们兴奋的活动，故选B。
3.
Zachariah Fike has an unusual hbby. He finds ld military（军队的）medals fr sale in antique stres and n the Internet.But unlike mst cllectrs, Zac tracks dwn the medals’ rightful wners, and returns them.
His effrt t reunite families with lst medals began with a Christmas gift frm his mther, a Purple Heart with the name Crrad A. G. Piccli, fund in an antique shp. Zac knws the meaning f a Purple Heart-he earned ne himself in a war as a sldier. S when his mther gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had t d.
Thrugh the Internet, Zac tracked dwn Crrad’s sister Adeline Rckk. But when he finally reached her, the wman flded him with questins: "Wh are yu？What antique shp？" Hwever, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. S she called Zac back and aplgized. Sn she drve t meet Zac in Watertwn, N.Y. "At that pint, I knew she meant business, " Zac says. "T drive eight hurs t cme t see me."
The Picclis grew up the children f Italian immigrants in Watertwn. Crrad, a translatr fr the Army during WWII, was killed in actin in Eurpe.
Befre hearing frm Zac, Adeline hadn’t realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the ne Zac’s mther had fund was a family treasure." This medal was very precius t my parents. Only n special ccasins（场合）wuld they take it ut and let us hld it in ur hands," Adeline says.
As a child, Adeline culdn't understand why the medal was s significant. “But as I grew lder,” Adeline says, "and missed my brther mre and mre, I realized that was the nly thing we had left." Crrad Piccli’s Purple Heart medal nw hangs at the Italian American Civic Assciatin in Watertwn.
Zac recently returned anther lst medal t a family in Alabama. Since he first reunited Crrad’s medal, Zac says his recrd is nw 5 fr 5.
9.Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal fr himself？
A. In the army.B. In an antique shp.
C. Frm his mther.D. Frm Adeline Rckk.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句话Zac knws the meaning f a Purple Heart-he earned ne himself in a war as a sldier.可知他是在部队中得到奖牌的。
10. What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?
A. Her parents’ advice.B. Her knwledge f antiques.
C. Her childhd dream.D. Her memry f her brther.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题，根据文章倒数第二段第一、二句话As a child, Adeline culdn't understand why the medal was s significant. “But as I grew lder,” Adeline says, "and missed my brther mre and mre, I realized that was the nly thing we had left." 可知她是因为哥哥而重视这枚奖牌。
4.
FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cjchru feels hurt. The Mldvan has lived here seven years as a caregiver t Italian kids and the elderly, but in rder t stay she’s had t prve her language skills by taking a test which requires her t write a pstcard t an imaginary friend and answer a fictinal jb ad.
Italy is the latest Western Eurpean cuntry trying t cntrl a grwing immigrant(移民) ppulatin by demanding language skills in exchange fr wrk permits, r in sme cases, citizenship.
Sme immigrant advcates wrry that as hard financial times make it mre difficult fr natives t keep jbs, such measures will becme mre a vehicle fr intlerance than integratin(融合). Others say it’s nly natural that newcmers learn the language f their hst natin, seeing it as a cnditin t ensure they can cntribute t sciety.
Other Eurpean cuntries laid dwn a similar requirement fr immigrants, and sme terms are even tugher. The gvernments argue that this will help freigners better jin the sciety and prmte understanding acrss cultures.
Italy, which has a much weaker traditin f immigratin, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigratin in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered sme 1.14 millin ut f Italy’s then 56.7 millin peple, r abut 2 percent. At the start f this year, freigners living in Italy amunted t 4.56 millin f a ttal ppulatin f 60.6 millin, r 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accunting fr an even larger percentage f births in Italy.
Cjchru, the Mldvan caregiver, hped btaining permanent residence(居住权) wuld help her bring her tw children t Italy; they live with her sister in Mldva, where salaries are amng the lwest in Eurpe. She was skeptical that the language requirement wuld encurage integratin.
Italians always “see me as a freigner,” an utsider, even thugh she’s stayed in the cuntry fr years and can speak the lcal language fluently, she said.
28. Why des Cjchru have t take a language test?
A. T cntinue t stay in Italy. B. T teach her children Italian.
C. T find a better jb in Italy. D. T better mix with the Italians.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题，根据第一段第二句“but in rder t stay she’s had t prve her language skills by taking a test…”可知，Cjchru为了能够继续留在意大利才要参加语言考试的，故选A。
30. What d we knw abut Cjchru?
A. She lives with her sister nw in Italy.
B. She enjys learning the Italian language.
C. She speaks Italian well enugh fr her jb.
D. She wishes t g back t her hme cuntry.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题，根据最后一段最后一句“,even thugh she ‘s stayed in the cuntry fr years and can speak the lcal language fluently”可知Cjchru的意大利语已经说的很流利了，足够应付工作，故选C。
5.
Grandparents Answer a Call
As a third-generatin native f Brwnsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned mve away. Even when her daughter and sn asked her t mve t San Antni t help their children, she plitely refused. Only after a year f friendly discussin did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was fur years ag. Tday all three generatins regard the mve t a success, giving them a clser relatinship than they wuld have had in separate cities.
N statistics shw the number f grandparents like Garza wh are mving clser t the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is grwing. Even President Obama's mther-in-law, Marian Rbinsn, has agreed t leave Chicag and int the White Huse t help care fr her granddaughters. Accrding t a study f grandparents.cm, 83 percent f the peple said Mrs. Rbinsn's decisin will influence the grandparents in the American family. Tw-thirds believe mre families will fllw the example f Obama's family.
“in the 1960s we were all a little wild and culdn't get away frm hme far enugh r fast enugh t prve we culd d it n ur wn,” says Christine Crsby, publisher f Grate magazine fr grandparents. “We nw realize hw imprtant family is and hw imprtant t be near them, especially when yu're raining children.”
Mving is nt fr everyne. Almst every grandparent wants t be with his r her grandchildren and is willing t make sacrifices, but smetimes it is wiser t say n and visit frequently instead. Having yur grandchildren far away is hard, especially knwing yur adult child is struggling, but giving up the life yu knw may be harder.
25. Why was Garza’s mve a success?
A．It strengthened her family ties.
B．It imprved her living cnditins.
C．It enabled her make mre friends.
D．It helped her knw mre new places.
【答案】A
【解析】细节描述题。根据文章第一段“Tday all three generatins regard the mve t a success, giving them a clser relatinship than they wuld have had in separate cities.”可知他们的家庭关系更加紧密了。
26. What was the reactin f the public t Mrs. Rbinsn's decisin?
A．17% expressed their supprt fr it.
B．Few peple respnded sympathetically.
C．83% believed it had a bad influence.
D．The majrity thught it was a trend.
【答案】D
【解析】细节描述题。根据文章第二段“Accrding t a study grandparents cm. 83 percent f the peple said Mrs. Rbinsn ‘s decisin will influence the grandparents in the American family. Tw-thirds believe mre families will fllw the example f Obama’s family.”可知大多数人认为会有更多的美国家庭效仿奥巴马家庭的范例，成为一种趋势。
6.
I am Peter Hdes, a vlunteer stem curier. Since March 2012, I've dne 89 trips f thse, 51 have been abrad. I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little bx because I've gt tw ice packs and that's hw lng they last. In all, frm the time the stem cells are harvested frm a dnr(捐献者) t the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've gt 72 hurs at mst. S I am always cnscius f time.
I had ne trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Prvidence, Rhde Island, and was meant t fly t Washingtn then back t Lndn. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Prvidence, the lady n the desk said: “Well, I'm really srry, I've gt sme bad news fr yu-there are n flights frm Washingtn.” S I tk my bx and put it n the desk and I said: “In this bx are sme stem cells that are urgently needed fr a patient-please, please, yu've gt t get me back t the United Kingdm.”She just drpped everything. She arranged fr a flight n a small plane t be held fr me, re-ruted(改道)me thrugh Newark and gt me back t the UK even earlier than riginally scheduled.
Fr this curier jb, yu're cnsciusly aware that in that bx yu've gt smething that is ptentially ging t save smebdy's life.
30. Why des Peter have t cmplete his trip within 42 hurs?
A. He cannt stay away frm his jb t lng.
B. The dnr can nly wait fr that lng.
C. The peratin needs that much time.
D. The ice wn't last any lnger.
【答案】D
【解析】细节描述题。根据文章第一段“I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little bx because I've gt tw ice packs and that's hw lng they last in all.”可知两个冰袋可持续的最长时间为24小时。
31. Which flight did the wman put Peter n first?
A. T Lndn. B. T Newark.C. T Prvidence. D. T Washingtn.
【答案】B
【解析】细节描述题。根据文章第二段最后一句“She arranged fr a flight n a small plane t be held fr mere-ruted(改道)me thrugh Newark and gt me back t the UK”可知作者途经Newark然后回到英国。同义替换
指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lse ne's jb换成了be ut f wrk。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把imprtant变换成f imprtance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。
信息归纳
用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案。
正话反说
把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
原文原词
利用原文原词作为正确选项。
张冠李戴
是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。
无中生有
符合常识，但不是文章的内容。
曲解文意
与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。
颠倒是非
在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。
正误参半
部分正确，部分错误。
抓关键
题干中的关键词：Gergia, sell, bjects
锁信息
定位：用Gergia，sell，bjects寻读，在文中找到信息源——She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund (基金) (ur kindergarten daughter is serius abut becming a dctr).
选项
选项意思
定位
A
为她的假期储蓄。
曲解文意
B
为一个贫困女孩募捐。
曲解文意
C
把钱放入她的基金。
同义替换
D
把钱送给一个生病的妈妈。
无中生有
[分析] 选C 比对选项和信息句可知，女儿愿意卖几件玩具，是因为我们承诺把钱放入她的求学基金；选项和原文中均出现fund一词，故为直接细节理解题。故选C。
抓关键
题干中的关键词：cherries
锁信息
定位：用cherries寻读，在文中找到信息源——As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C.
选项
选项意思
定位
A
它们含有蛋白质。
张冠李戴
B
它们富含维生素A。
张冠李戴
C
它们口感好。
同义替换
D
它们含有丰富的抗氧化物质。
张冠李戴
[分析] 选C 根据该段最后一句“As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C．”可知，原文中的they are s delicius被替换成选项中的They have a pleasant taste，为间接细节理解题。故选C。
抓关键
题干中的关键词：6,000
锁信息
定位：用6,000寻读，在文中找到信息源——The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
选项
选项意思
原文意思
定位
A
大约6 800种。
6 800为现在世界现存语言数量。
张冠李戴
B
大约3 400种。
世界语言总量的一半即为3 400。
信息归纳
C
大约2 400种。
2 400为非洲语言数量。
张冠李戴
D
大约1 200种。
数字1 200在原文中没有出现，也无法做出有效归纳。
无中生有
[分析] 选B 根据本段第一句“At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages.”可知，目前世界上有大约6 800种语言；再根据最后一句“The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.”可知，目前世界上一半的语言的使用人数少于6 000，也就是说有大约3 400种语言的使用人数少于6 000。根据以上数据的归纳概括可知B项为正确选项。
选项
选项关键词
信息区间
A
The chief prize fr the Stiltn cheese rlling cmpetitin
第一段第四句
B
Mre than 10,000 Chinese
第二段第一、二句
C
Thusands f spicy fds are n shw
第二段倒数第二句
D
An exciting tmat battle takes place at the beginning
第三段第二句
选项
选项意思
原文意思
定位
A
Stiltn滚动奶酪比赛的主要奖品是啤酒或波尔图葡萄酒。
奖品是a cmplete Stiltn cheese。
张冠李戴
B
一万多名中国人参加Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival。
参加者来自世界各地。
曲解文意
C
在Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival上，成千上万种辛辣食物被展出。
展出了成千上万种食物。
同义替换
D
在La Tmatina节日的开始，会举行一场激动人心的“西红柿大战”。
“西红柿大战”发生在节日结尾，而不是节日的开始。
曲解文意
一、思维导图
二、方法点拨
1. 设问方式和考题类型
常针对文中细节提问，可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
1. 是非题形式：true/ false或except?
All f the fllwing are true EXCEPT _____.
2.特殊疑问句形式：
Accrding t the passage, wh/ what/ when/ where / why / hw…
3.填空题形式，如：
T avid attracting muntain lins, peple are advised_____
2. 题目类型
1.Wh-细节型
2.是非型
3.计算型
4.排序型
5.图标型
3. 细节题选项特征
(一)细节理解题正确选项特征
(二)细节理解题干扰选项特征
4. 定位词寻找技巧
1.定位词的选用
(1)特殊定位词
在很多题目当中会出现人名、地名、数字、年份和大写字母缩写这五类特殊词。因为它们的特点是在一篇多数是英文小写字母的文章里非常的醒目，所以很快就能够做到精确定位。
[示例1]
HUNCH is designed t cnnect high schl classrms with NASA engineers.Fr the past tw years，Grdn’s students have been studying ways t kill bacteria in zer gravity，and they think they’re clse t a slutin(解决方案).“We dn’t give the students any breaks.They have t d it just like NASA engineers，” says Flrence Gld，a prject manager.
33.What is the purpse f the HUNCH prgram?
A.T strengthen teacher-student relatinships.
B.T sharpen students’ cmmunicatin skills.
C.T allw students t experience zer gravity.
D.T link space technlgy with schl educatin.
分析：选D。本题可以根据特殊定位词HUNCH可以定位到本段的第一句“HUNCH is designed t cnnect high schl classrms with NASA engineers.”可知，HUNCH项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起，故答案为D。
(2)普通定位词
普通定位词与特殊定位词相比，出现的几率更高。当我们看到题中没有特殊定位词的情况下，要思考的就是在这道似乎没有啥重点的词语中挑选出最能帮助我们快速找到定位的词语。可以当做定位词的首选是名词，其次是动词。
[示例2]
In Save Mney：Gd Fd，she visits a different hme each week and with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste，while preparing recipes fr under ￡5 per family a day.And the Gd Mrning Britain presenter says she’s been able t put a lt f what she’s learnt int practice in her wn hme，preparing meals fr sns，Sam，14，Finn，13，and Jack，11.
25.Hw des Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A.He buys cking materials fr her.
B.He prepares fd fr her kids.
C.He assists her in cking matters.
D.He invites guest families fr her.
分析：选C。 由于比较醒目人名Matt Tebbutt和 Susanna在文中出现多次，所以不能作为定位词。本题可以利用题干中的动词help来定位，从而找到原文信息“with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste”。
2.挑选定位词的注意点
(1)文章中的高频词不能作为定位词
定位词的最大优势就是可以缩小阅读范围，如果我们定位了一个在文章中处处可能出现的词语，那就失去了定位的意义。
(2)定位词和文中词有可能是词义转换
在实际做题过程中还要注意，不是所有的题目都可以用定位词来定位的。而且如果是遇到细节信息定位题，很多时候定位词的作用被削弱了，因为题目中的词和文中的词会以同义词替换的形式出现。所以建议考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位词，另外一方面要提高自己的阅读词汇量，尤其是同义词转换，这样才能一击必中，快速找到答案出现的地方解决问题。
[示例1]
Cherry Blssm Bike Tur in Washingtn，D.C.
Duratin：3 hurs
This small grup bike tur is a fantastic way t see the wrld-famus cherry trees with beautiful flwers f Washingtn， guide will prvide a histry lessn abut the trees and the famus mnuments where they blssm.Reserve yur spt befre availability—and the cherry blssms—disappear!
21.Which tur d yu need t bk in advance?
A.Cherry Blssm Bike Tur in Washingtn，D.C.
B.Washingtn Capital Mnuments Bicycle Tur.
C.Capital City Bike Tur in Washingtn，D.C.
D.Washingtn Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tur.
分析：选A。本题可以用同义词定位：bk in advance ＝reserve“预约”。根据第一条自行车旅行路线中的“Reserve yur spt befre availability—and the cherry blssms—disappear！”可知，选择这条自行车旅行路线需要提前预订。
5. 解题流程
细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。
细节理解题无论以怎样的方式提问，考生都要记住一个解题原则——“本本主义”，一切从原文出发，无须读很多段落甚至全文后去归纳总结、分析推理，正确答案就对应原文的某一处具体信息。可以用两步法解题。
一．直接信息题
考生可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题眼。先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。解题流程如下：
做题小技巧：
1.若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。
2.在出现一些关键词，如hwever、but、mrever、therefre、 thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。
3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项
4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must, never, the mst, all, merely, nly, have t, any, n, cmpletely, nne,等。但不是绝对，也有例外。
5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如： must, may, ften, shuld, usually, might, mst, mre r less, likely, all, never，few 等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。
6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及.
例子1
…
I fund the prehlidays a gd time t encurage yung children t dnate lessused things, and it wrked. Because f ur effrts, ur daughter Gergia did decide t dnate a large bag f tys t a little girl whse mther was unable t pay fr her hliday due t illness. She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund (基金) (ur kindergarten daughter is serius abut becming a dctr)．
…
33．What made Gergia agree t sell sme f her bjects?
A．Saving up fr her hliday.
B．Raising mney fr a pr girl.
C．Adding the mney t her fund.
D．Giving the mney t a sick mther.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
第二步：比对定答案
二．间接信息题
相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。
例子2…
Of the cmmn berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, althugh, because f their seeds, raspberries cntain a little mre prtein (蛋白质), irn and zinc (nt that fruits have much prtein). Blueberries are particularly high in antixidants (抗氧化物质). The yellw and range stne fruits such as peaches are high in the cartenids we turn int vitamin A and which are antixidants. As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C.
…
24．What des the authr seem t like abut cherries?
A．They cntain prtein.
B．They are high in vitamin A.
C．They have a pleasant taste.
D．They are rich in antixidants.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
第二步：比对定答案
三．概括、归纳信息题
是指命题人用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，这是命题人设计细节理解题的正确选项时经常使用的手段之一。考生首先应依据题干指向，找到文中相应的信息区间，然后尝试用自己的语言去归纳总结文中的信息或事实，然后再看选项，挑选出和自己所归纳总结的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。
例子3…
At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages, ften spken by many peple, while ht, wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers. Eurpe has nly arund 200 languages; the Americas abut 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
…
30．Hw many languages are spken by less than 6,000 peple at present?
A．Abut 6,800. B．Abut 3,400.
C．Abut 2,400. D．Abut 1,200.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
第二步：比对定答案
四．正误判断题
是细节理解题中解题比较繁琐的题目，说其繁琐，因为其信息不像其他类题目那样集中在文章的某一句或某一段，而是分散在文章的各个角落。对于这类题目，考生要静下心来，看清范围，确定方向，找到每一个选项的对应信息后，谨慎排除，综合选优。
例子4
Fd festivals arund the wrld
Stiltn Cheese Rlling
May Day is a traditinal day fr celebratins, but the 2,000 English villagers f Stiltn must be the nly peple in the wrld wh include cheese rlling in their annual plans. Teams f fur, dressed in a variety f strange and funny clthes, rll a cmplete cheese alng a 50metre curse. On the way, they must nt kick r thrw their cheese, r g int their cmpetitrs' lane (赛道)．Cmpetitin is fierce and the chief prize is a cmplete Stiltn cheese weighing abut fur kils (disappintingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wden nes). All the cmpetitrs are served with beer r prt wine, the traditinal accmpaniment fr Stiltn cheese.
Fiery Fds Festival — The Httest Festival n Earth
Every year mre than 10,000 peple head fr the city f Albuquerque, New Mexic. They cme frm as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a cmmn addictin — fd that is nt just spicy (辛辣), but ht enugh t make yur muth burn, yur head spin and yur eyes water. Their destinatin is the Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival which is held ver a perid f three days every March. Yu might like t try a chclatecvered habaner pepper — fficially the httest pepper in the wrld — r any ne f the thusands f prducts that are n shw. But ne thing's fr sure — if yu dn't like the feeling f a burning tngue, this festival isn't fr yu!
La Tmatina — The Wrld's Biggest Fd Fight
On the last Wednesday f every August, the Spanish twn f Buñl hsts La Tmatina — the wrld's largest fd fight. A weeklng celebratin leads up t an exciting tmat battle as the highlight f the week's events. The early mrning sees the arrival f large trucks with tmates — fficial fightstarters get things ging by casting tmates at the crwd.
…
59．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．The chief prize fr the Stiltn cheese rlling cmpetitin is beer r prt wine.
B．Mre than 10,000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival.
C．Thusands f spicy fds are n shw in the Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival.
D．An exciting tmat battle takes place at the beginning f La Tmatina.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
第二步：逐一比对定答案
[答案] C
三、高考真题
2021年6月新高考1卷B篇
By day, Rbert Tittertn is a lawyer. In his spare time thugh he ges n stage beside pianist Maria Rasppva—nt as a musician but as her page turner. "I'm nt a trained musician, but I've learnt t read music s I can help Maria in her perfrmance."
Mr Tittertn is chairman f the Omega Ensemble but has been the grup's fficial page turner fr the past fur years. His jb is t sit beside the pianist and turn the pages f the scre s the musician desn't have t break the flw f sund by ding it themselves. He said he became just as nervus as thse playing instruments n stage.
"A lt f skills are needed fr the jb. Yu have t make sure yu dn't turn tw pages at nce and make sure yu find the repeats in the music when yu have t g back t the right spt, " Mr Tittertn explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty f practice. Sme pieces f music can g fr 40 minutes and require up t 50 page turns, including back turns fr repeat passages. Silent nstage cmmunicatin is key, and each pianist has their wn style f "ndding" t indicate a page turn which they need t practise with their page turner.
But like all perfrmances, there are mments when things g wrng. "I was turning the page t get ready fr the next page, but the draft wind frm the turn caused the spare pages t fall ff the stand, " Mr Tittertn said. "Luckily I was able t catch them and put them back."
Mst page turners are pian students r up-and-cming cncert pianists, althugh Ms Rasppva has nce asked her husband t help her ut n stage.
"My husband is the wrst page turner, " she laughed. "He's interested in the music, feeling every nte, and I have t say: 'Turn, turn!'" "Rbert is the best page turner I've had in my entire life."
1.What shuld Tittertn be able t d t be a page turner?
A.Read music. B.Play the pian.
C.Sing sngs. D.Fix the instruments.
2Which f the fllwing best describes Tittertn's jb n stage?
A.Bring. B.Well-paid. C.Demanding. D.Dangerus.
3What des Tittertn need t practise?
A.Cunting the pages.
B.Recgnizing the "ndding".
C.Catching falling bjects.
D.Perfrming in his wn style.
4Why is Ms Rasppva's husband "the wrst page turner" ?
A.He has very pr eyesight.
B.He ignres the audience.
C.He has n interest in music.
D.He frgets t d his jb.
2021年6月全国乙卷D篇
During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin（干扰）in his pen ffice, he said, "That's why I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street—s I can fcus." His cmment struck me as strange. After all, cwrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut（布局）. But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach wrks.
The researchers examined varius levels f nise n participants as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking. They were randmly divided int fur grups and expsed t varius nise levels in the backgrund, frm ttal silence t 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup—thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp—significantly utperfrmed the ther grups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that ur creative thinking des nt differ that much in respnse t ttal silence and 85 decibels f backgrund nise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study als suggests that the right level f backgrund nise—nt t lud and nt ttal silence—may actually imprve ne's creative thinking ability. The right level f backgrund nise may interrupt ur nrmal patterns f thinking just enugh t allw ur imaginatins t wander, withut making it impssible t fcus. This kind f "distracted fcus" appears t be the best state fr wrking n creative tasks.
S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can't stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers' cnversatins while we're trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a cwrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.
1.Why des the interviewer prefer a cwrking space?
A.It helps him cncentrate.
B.It blcks ut backgrund nise.
C.It has a pleasant atmsphere.
D.It encurages face-t-face interactins.
2.Which level f backgrund nise may prmte creative thinking ability?
A.Ttal silence. B.50 decibels.
C.70 decibels. D.85 decibels.
2021年6月浙江卷B篇
We live in a twn with three beaches. There are tw parks less than 10 minutes' walk frm hme where neighburhd children gather t play. Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it fr hurs. They are nt alne. Tday's children spend an average f fur and a half hurs a day lking at screens, split between watching televisin and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag, film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say "chclate" int his three-year-ld sn's ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself "marketing directr fr Nature". He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wild Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
"Just five mre minutes utdrs can make a difference, " David Bnd says. "There is a lt f really interesting evidence which seems t be suggesting that if children are inspired up t the age f seven, then being utdrs will be a habit fr life." His wn children have gt int the habit f playing utside nw: "We just send them ut int the garden and tell them nt t cme back in fr a while."
Summer is upn us. There is an amazing wrld ut there, and it needs ur children as much as they need it. Let us get them ut and let them play.
1.What is the prblem with the authr's children?
A.They ften anny the neighburs.
B.They are tired f ding their hmewrk.
C.They have n friends t play with.
D.They stay in frnt f sereens fr t lng.
2.Hw did David Bnd advcate his idea?
A.By making a dcumentary film.
B.By rganizing utdr activities.
C.By advertising in Lndn media.
D.By creating a netwrk f friends.
答案解析
ACBD AC DA
2021年6月新高考1卷B篇
【解析】1.细节理解题。根据题干信息be able t d定位到第三段A lt f skills are needed fr the jb. Yu have t make sure yu dn't turn tw pages at nce and make sure yu find the repeats in the music when yu have t g back t the right spt.可知，做一名page turner需要能够找到音乐中重复的部分，然后翻回到乐谱正确的地方。因此做一名page turner需要能够读懂音乐。故选A。
2推理判断题。根据题干选项定位到第五段。分析语境可知，他在工作中有时还要处理突发事件，例如会有翻开一页乐谱的风导致其他的乐谱掉落的情况。因此，可以形容这份工作是让人费神费力的。故选C。
3细节理解题。根据题干信息need t practice定位到第四段第一句Being a page turner requires plenty f practice.这句话后面说明了page turner需要能够捕捉到演奏者的点头致意，根据这一信号来翻页，这是需要配合练习的。故选B。
4细节理解题。根据题干信息the wrst page turner定位到最后一段。分析可知，说话人的丈夫总是过度沉迷于音乐本身而忘记翻页，以至于她必须告诉他该翻页了。故选D。
2021年6月全国乙卷D篇
【解析】1.细节理解题。由第一段第二句"… s I can fcus"可知，采访者喜欢在公用工作场所办公，是因为他可以集中精力。故选A。
2细节理解题。由第二段"the participants in the 70 decibels grup… significantly utperfrmed the ther grups"可知，在70分贝下采访者的表现最优，说明该环境可以改善创造性思维能力。故选C。
2021年6月浙江卷B篇
1.细节理解题。根据第一段第三句 "Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it fr hurs." 可知，作者的孩子们放学之后只想看电子屏幕，并盯着看好几个小时，故选D。
2细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wild Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.“可知，作者记录了自己的旅程，并制作成电影，故选A。
四、实战演练
1.
Benjamin West, the father f American painting, shwed his talent fr art when he was nly six years f age. But he did nt knw abut brushes befre a visitr tld him he needed ne. In thse days, a brush was made frm camel’s hair. There were n camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair wuld wrk instead. He cut sme fur frm the family cat t make a brush.
The brush did nt last lng. Sn Benjamin needed mre fur. Befre lng, the cat began t lk ragged （蓬乱）. His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was frced t admit what he had been ding.
The cat’s lt was abut t imprve. That year, ne f Benjamin’s cusins, Mr. Penningtn, came t visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went hme, he sent Benjamin a bx f paint and sme brushes. He als sent six engravings （版画）by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years ld，Mr. Penningtn returned fr anther visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had dne with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the by t Philadelphia fr a visit.
In the city, Mr. Penningtn gave Benjamin materials fr creating il paintings. The by began a landscape (风景) painting. Williams, a well-knwn painter, came t see him wrk. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him tw classic bks n painting t take hme. The bks were lng and dull. Benjamin culd read nly a little, having been a pr student. But he later said,” Thse tw bks were my cmpanins by day, and under my pillw at night.” While it is likely that he understd very little f the bks, they were his intrductin t classical paintings. The nine-year-ld by decided then that he wuld be an artist.
23. What did Penningtn d t help Benjamin develp his talent?
A. He tk him t see painting exhibitins.
B. He prvided him with painting materials.
C. He sent him t a schl in Philadelphia.
D. He taught him hw t make engravings.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题，根据最后一段“Mr. Penningtn gave Benjamin materials fr creating il paintings”, 可知Penningtn为了帮助Benjamin培养绘画天赋，给他提供了一些绘画材料，故选B。
24. Williams’ tw bks helped Benjamin t ________.
A. master the use f paints
B. appreciate landscape paintings
C. get t knw ther painters
D. make up his mind t be a painter
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题，根据最后一段“While it is likely that he understd very little f the bks, they were his intrductin t classical paintings. The nine-year-ld by decided then that he wuld be an artist, 可知：这两本书帮助Benjamin坚定了自己成为一名画家的决心，故选D。
2.
Getting less sleep has becme a bad habit fr mst American kids. Accrding t a new survey(调查) by the Natinal Sleep Fundatin, 51% f kids aged 10 t 18 g t bed at 10 pm r later n schl nights, even thugh they have t get up early. Last year the Fundatin reprted that nearly 60% f 7- t 12-year-lds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at schl.
Hw much sleep yu need depends a lt n yur age. Babies need a lt f rest: mst f them sleep abut 18 hurs a day! Adults need abut eight hurs. Fr mst schl-age children, ten hurs is ideal(理想的). But the new Natinal Sleep Fundatin survey fund that 35% f 10- t 12-year-lds get nly seven r eight hurs. And guess what almst half f the surveyed kids said they d befre bedtime? Watch TV.
“Mre children are ging t bed with TVs n, and there are mre pprtunities(机会) t stay awake, with mre hmewrk, the Internet and the phne,” says Dr. Mary Carskadn, a sleep researcher at Brwn University Medical Schl. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard fr them t calm dwn and sleep. Other experts say part f the prblem is chemical. Changing levels f bdy chemicals called hrmnes nt nly make teenagers’ bdies develp adult characteristics, but als make it hard fr teenagers t fall asleep befre 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such a prblem fr teenagers, sme schl districts have decided t start high schl classes later than they used t. Three years ag, schls in Edina, Minnesta, changed the start time frm 7:25 am t 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.
25. What is the new Natinal Sleep Fundatin survey n?
A. American kids’ sleeping habits. B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.
C. Activities t prevent sleeplessness. D. Learning prblems and lack f sleep.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题，根据文中第一段列举了一些数据，向我们说明美国有51%的10到18岁的孩子上床睡觉的时间偏晚，也调查了60%的7到12岁的孩子在白天感到疲惫，15%的孩子会在学校睡着，所以这些调查都是关于美国孩子的睡眠习惯的，故选A。
26. Hw many hurs f sleep d 11-year-lds need every day?
A. 7 hurs. B. 8 hurs. C. 10 hurs. D. 18 hurs.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题，根据第二段“Fr mst schl-age children, ten hurs is ideal”, 所以11岁的上学小孩子的睡眠时间需要10个小时，故选C。
27. Why d teenagers g t sleep late accrding t Carskadn?
A. They are affected by certain bdy chemicals.
B. They tend t d things that excite them.
C. They fllw their parents’ examples.
D. They dn’t need t g t schl early.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题，根据第三段“She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard fr them t calm dwn and sleep”,所以她认为孩子们睡觉晚的原因是他们会在睡前做一些让他们兴奋的活动，故选B。
3.
Zachariah Fike has an unusual hbby. He finds ld military（军队的）medals fr sale in antique stres and n the Internet.But unlike mst cllectrs, Zac tracks dwn the medals’ rightful wners, and returns them.
His effrt t reunite families with lst medals began with a Christmas gift frm his mther, a Purple Heart with the name Crrad A. G. Piccli, fund in an antique shp. Zac knws the meaning f a Purple Heart-he earned ne himself in a war as a sldier. S when his mther gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had t d.
Thrugh the Internet, Zac tracked dwn Crrad’s sister Adeline Rckk. But when he finally reached her, the wman flded him with questins: "Wh are yu？What antique shp？" Hwever, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. S she called Zac back and aplgized. Sn she drve t meet Zac in Watertwn, N.Y. "At that pint, I knew she meant business, " Zac says. "T drive eight hurs t cme t see me."
The Picclis grew up the children f Italian immigrants in Watertwn. Crrad, a translatr fr the Army during WWII, was killed in actin in Eurpe.
Befre hearing frm Zac, Adeline hadn’t realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the ne Zac’s mther had fund was a family treasure." This medal was very precius t my parents. Only n special ccasins（场合）wuld they take it ut and let us hld it in ur hands," Adeline says.
As a child, Adeline culdn't understand why the medal was s significant. “But as I grew lder,” Adeline says, "and missed my brther mre and mre, I realized that was the nly thing we had left." Crrad Piccli’s Purple Heart medal nw hangs at the Italian American Civic Assciatin in Watertwn.
Zac recently returned anther lst medal t a family in Alabama. Since he first reunited Crrad’s medal, Zac says his recrd is nw 5 fr 5.
9.Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal fr himself？
A. In the army.B. In an antique shp.
C. Frm his mther.D. Frm Adeline Rckk.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句话Zac knws the meaning f a Purple Heart-he earned ne himself in a war as a sldier.可知他是在部队中得到奖牌的。
10. What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?
A. Her parents’ advice.B. Her knwledge f antiques.
C. Her childhd dream.D. Her memry f her brther.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题，根据文章倒数第二段第一、二句话As a child, Adeline culdn't understand why the medal was s significant. “But as I grew lder,” Adeline says, "and missed my brther mre and mre, I realized that was the nly thing we had left." 可知她是因为哥哥而重视这枚奖牌。
4.
FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cjchru feels hurt. The Mldvan has lived here seven years as a caregiver t Italian kids and the elderly, but in rder t stay she’s had t prve her language skills by taking a test which requires her t write a pstcard t an imaginary friend and answer a fictinal jb ad.
Italy is the latest Western Eurpean cuntry trying t cntrl a grwing immigrant(移民) ppulatin by demanding language skills in exchange fr wrk permits, r in sme cases, citizenship.
Sme immigrant advcates wrry that as hard financial times make it mre difficult fr natives t keep jbs, such measures will becme mre a vehicle fr intlerance than integratin(融合). Others say it’s nly natural that newcmers learn the language f their hst natin, seeing it as a cnditin t ensure they can cntribute t sciety.
Other Eurpean cuntries laid dwn a similar requirement fr immigrants, and sme terms are even tugher. The gvernments argue that this will help freigners better jin the sciety and prmte understanding acrss cultures.
Italy, which has a much weaker traditin f immigratin, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigratin in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered sme 1.14 millin ut f Italy’s then 56.7 millin peple, r abut 2 percent. At the start f this year, freigners living in Italy amunted t 4.56 millin f a ttal ppulatin f 60.6 millin, r 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accunting fr an even larger percentage f births in Italy.
Cjchru, the Mldvan caregiver, hped btaining permanent residence(居住权) wuld help her bring her tw children t Italy; they live with her sister in Mldva, where salaries are amng the lwest in Eurpe. She was skeptical that the language requirement wuld encurage integratin.
Italians always “see me as a freigner,” an utsider, even thugh she’s stayed in the cuntry fr years and can speak the lcal language fluently, she said.
28. Why des Cjchru have t take a language test?
A. T cntinue t stay in Italy. B. T teach her children Italian.
C. T find a better jb in Italy. D. T better mix with the Italians.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题，根据第一段第二句“but in rder t stay she’s had t prve her language skills by taking a test…”可知，Cjchru为了能够继续留在意大利才要参加语言考试的，故选A。
30. What d we knw abut Cjchru?
A. She lives with her sister nw in Italy.
B. She enjys learning the Italian language.
C. She speaks Italian well enugh fr her jb.
D. She wishes t g back t her hme cuntry.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题，根据最后一段最后一句“,even thugh she ‘s stayed in the cuntry fr years and can speak the lcal language fluently”可知Cjchru的意大利语已经说的很流利了，足够应付工作，故选C。
5.
Grandparents Answer a Call
As a third-generatin native f Brwnsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned mve away. Even when her daughter and sn asked her t mve t San Antni t help their children, she plitely refused. Only after a year f friendly discussin did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was fur years ag. Tday all three generatins regard the mve t a success, giving them a clser relatinship than they wuld have had in separate cities.
N statistics shw the number f grandparents like Garza wh are mving clser t the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is grwing. Even President Obama's mther-in-law, Marian Rbinsn, has agreed t leave Chicag and int the White Huse t help care fr her granddaughters. Accrding t a study f grandparents.cm, 83 percent f the peple said Mrs. Rbinsn's decisin will influence the grandparents in the American family. Tw-thirds believe mre families will fllw the example f Obama's family.
“in the 1960s we were all a little wild and culdn't get away frm hme far enugh r fast enugh t prve we culd d it n ur wn,” says Christine Crsby, publisher f Grate magazine fr grandparents. “We nw realize hw imprtant family is and hw imprtant t be near them, especially when yu're raining children.”
Mving is nt fr everyne. Almst every grandparent wants t be with his r her grandchildren and is willing t make sacrifices, but smetimes it is wiser t say n and visit frequently instead. Having yur grandchildren far away is hard, especially knwing yur adult child is struggling, but giving up the life yu knw may be harder.
25. Why was Garza’s mve a success?
A．It strengthened her family ties.
B．It imprved her living cnditins.
C．It enabled her make mre friends.
D．It helped her knw mre new places.
【答案】A
【解析】细节描述题。根据文章第一段“Tday all three generatins regard the mve t a success, giving them a clser relatinship than they wuld have had in separate cities.”可知他们的家庭关系更加紧密了。
26. What was the reactin f the public t Mrs. Rbinsn's decisin?
A．17% expressed their supprt fr it.
B．Few peple respnded sympathetically.
C．83% believed it had a bad influence.
D．The majrity thught it was a trend.
【答案】D
【解析】细节描述题。根据文章第二段“Accrding t a study grandparents cm. 83 percent f the peple said Mrs. Rbinsn ‘s decisin will influence the grandparents in the American family. Tw-thirds believe mre families will fllw the example f Obama’s family.”可知大多数人认为会有更多的美国家庭效仿奥巴马家庭的范例，成为一种趋势。
6.
I am Peter Hdes, a vlunteer stem curier. Since March 2012, I've dne 89 trips f thse, 51 have been abrad. I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little bx because I've gt tw ice packs and that's hw lng they last. In all, frm the time the stem cells are harvested frm a dnr(捐献者) t the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've gt 72 hurs at mst. S I am always cnscius f time.
I had ne trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Prvidence, Rhde Island, and was meant t fly t Washingtn then back t Lndn. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Prvidence, the lady n the desk said: “Well, I'm really srry, I've gt sme bad news fr yu-there are n flights frm Washingtn.” S I tk my bx and put it n the desk and I said: “In this bx are sme stem cells that are urgently needed fr a patient-please, please, yu've gt t get me back t the United Kingdm.”She just drpped everything. She arranged fr a flight n a small plane t be held fr me, re-ruted(改道)me thrugh Newark and gt me back t the UK even earlier than riginally scheduled.
Fr this curier jb, yu're cnsciusly aware that in that bx yu've gt smething that is ptentially ging t save smebdy's life.
30. Why des Peter have t cmplete his trip within 42 hurs?
A. He cannt stay away frm his jb t lng.
B. The dnr can nly wait fr that lng.
C. The peratin needs that much time.
D. The ice wn't last any lnger.
【答案】D
【解析】细节描述题。根据文章第一段“I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little bx because I've gt tw ice packs and that's hw lng they last in all.”可知两个冰袋可持续的最长时间为24小时。
31. Which flight did the wman put Peter n first?
A. T Lndn. B. T Newark.C. T Prvidence. D. T Washingtn.
【答案】B
【解析】细节描述题。根据文章第二段最后一句“She arranged fr a flight n a small plane t be held fr mere-ruted(改道)me thrugh Newark and gt me back t the UK”可知作者途经Newark然后回到英国。同义替换
指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lse ne's jb换成了be ut f wrk。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把imprtant变换成f imprtance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。
信息归纳
用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案。
正话反说
把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
原文原词
利用原文原词作为正确选项。
张冠李戴
是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。
无中生有
符合常识，但不是文章的内容。
曲解文意
与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。
颠倒是非
在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。
正误参半
部分正确，部分错误。
抓关键
题干中的关键词：Gergia, sell, bjects
锁信息
定位：用Gergia，sell，bjects寻读，在文中找到信息源——She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund (基金) (ur kindergarten daughter is serius abut becming a dctr).
选项
选项意思
定位
A
为她的假期储蓄。
曲解文意
B
为一个贫困女孩募捐。
曲解文意
C
把钱放入她的基金。
同义替换
D
把钱送给一个生病的妈妈。
无中生有
[分析] 选C 比对选项和信息句可知，女儿愿意卖几件玩具，是因为我们承诺把钱放入她的求学基金；选项和原文中均出现fund一词，故为直接细节理解题。故选C。
抓关键
题干中的关键词：cherries
锁信息
定位：用cherries寻读，在文中找到信息源——As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C.
选项
选项意思
定位
A
它们含有蛋白质。
张冠李戴
B
它们富含维生素A。
张冠李戴
C
它们口感好。
同义替换
D
它们含有丰富的抗氧化物质。
张冠李戴
[分析] 选C 根据该段最后一句“As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C．”可知，原文中的they are s delicius被替换成选项中的They have a pleasant taste，为间接细节理解题。故选C。
抓关键
题干中的关键词：6,000
锁信息
定位：用6,000寻读，在文中找到信息源——The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
选项
选项意思
原文意思
定位
A
大约6 800种。
6 800为现在世界现存语言数量。
张冠李戴
B
大约3 400种。
世界语言总量的一半即为3 400。
信息归纳
C
大约2 400种。
2 400为非洲语言数量。
张冠李戴
D
大约1 200种。
数字1 200在原文中没有出现，也无法做出有效归纳。
无中生有
[分析] 选B 根据本段第一句“At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages.”可知，目前世界上有大约6 800种语言；再根据最后一句“The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.”可知，目前世界上一半的语言的使用人数少于6 000，也就是说有大约3 400种语言的使用人数少于6 000。根据以上数据的归纳概括可知B项为正确选项。
选项
选项关键词
信息区间
A
The chief prize fr the Stiltn cheese rlling cmpetitin
第一段第四句
B
Mre than 10,000 Chinese
第二段第一、二句
C
Thusands f spicy fds are n shw
第二段倒数第二句
D
An exciting tmat battle takes place at the beginning
第三段第二句
选项
选项意思
原文意思
定位
A
Stiltn滚动奶酪比赛的主要奖品是啤酒或波尔图葡萄酒。
奖品是a cmplete Stiltn cheese。
张冠李戴
B
一万多名中国人参加Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival。
参加者来自世界各地。
曲解文意
C
在Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival上，成千上万种辛辣食物被展出。
展出了成千上万种食物。
同义替换
D
在La Tmatina节日的开始，会举行一场激动人心的“西红柿大战”。
“西红柿大战”发生在节日结尾，而不是节日的开始。
曲解文意
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