高考核心词汇+句子成份与句子写作专题【2022年高考一轮复习英语精品讲义】（含答案）

这是一份高考核心词汇+句子成份与句子写作专题【2022年高考一轮复习英语精品讲义】（含答案），共22页。试卷主要包含了句子成份概述，五种基本句型及其它，写作练习等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第19讲：高考核心词汇+句子成分与句子写作+题型综合练




高考词汇打卡







1.潜意识的;意识不清的adj. _____________
2.充足的,足够的adj. _____________
3.摘要;概要n. _____________
4.沐日光浴vi. _____________
5.表面n. _____________
6.外科医生n. _____________
7.姓n. _____________
8.吞下;咽下;吞并vt. _____________
9.汗n. _____________
10.扫;打扫v. _____________
11.象征;标志;符号n. _____________
12.交响乐n. _____________
13.人造的;合成的adj. _____________
14.裁制;使适应特定需要v. _____________
15.驯化;驯服vt. _____________
16.把苹果换成梨 _____________
17.成功到达地铁站_____________
18.功成名就 _____________
19.遭受许多磨难_____________
20.在阳光下 _____________
21.比现在的系统高级_____________
22.供应不足_____________
23.理应8点到_____________
24.网上冲浪_____________
25.悬索桥_____________
26.对幸存者表示同情_____________
27.呈现出新的面貌 _____________
28.占据了所有的业余时间_____________
29.错把今天当成了星期天_____________
30.自言自语 _____________

1.技师;技术员n. _____________
2.用电视播放vt. _____________
3.温带的;温和的adj. _____________
4.暂时的.临时的adj. _____________
5.趋势.趋向n. _____________
6.末端;终端;终点n. _____________
7.领土,版图n. _____________
8.疗法.治疗n. _____________
9.口渴的adj. _____________
10.彻底的;完全的adj. _____________
11.思考的;考虑周到的adj. _____________
12.线n. _____________
13.雷暴n. _____________
14.整齐的;整洁的adj. _____________
15.紧的;拉紧的;紧身的adj. _____________
16.一直;始终_____________
17.立刻_____________
18.突然大哭起来_____________
19.把报纸撕得粉碎_____________
20.科学技术 _____________
21.明辨是非_____________
22.心情愉快 _____________
23.量体温 _____________
24.从长远来看 _____________
25.多亏了那种疗法 _____________
26.相对论 _____________
27.要输掉那场网球赛了_____________
28.重新考虑后_____________
29.单程票_____________
30.暂时_____________


语法精选精讲







一、句子成份概述
句子最重要部分是主语和谓语，主语是句子的中心, 整个句子说的就是它，谓语是主语的动作或者主语所处的状态。简单句的骨架就是一个主谓结构，共有五种句型，这五种句型是写作学习的核心内容，因为所谓的更为复杂的句子，即并列句、主从复合句，全部是简单句组合或相套而来。五种简单句句型如下：

二、五种基本句型及其它
主语 ＋ 谓语
主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 宾语
主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 间接宾语 ＋ 直接宾语
主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语
主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
写作中常用的句子成分还有定语、状语和同位语。定语主要由形容词充当，放在名词或代词前修饰名词或代词，或者由介词短语充当，放在名词之后；状语由副词或者介词短语充当，修饰动词。同位语用于名词之后，起补充说明该名词意义的作用。这些成分都不是必不可少的成分，但是它们是扩展句子的非常重要的手段。

经典精讲



1. “主语 ＋ 谓语”结构
此处谓语动词要用不及物动词，也就是主语本身就可以完成谓语动词的动作，后面不需要跟一个该动作的承受者。例如：
在过去的二十年里中国发生了巨大的变化。
如果写成：Over the past twenty years, China has happened dramatic changes.
句子显而易见是错误的，因为happen是不及物动词，后面不跟宾语。汉语可以说“发生变化”，但是英语不能说“happen changes”。
有以下几种说法可以替换：
Over the past twenty years, China has witnessed（目睹，及物动词）dramatic changes.
During the past twenty years, China has seen (看见，及物动词) dramatic changes.
Over the previous twenty years, China has experienced (经历，及物动词) dramatic changes.
Over the last twenty years, China has undergone (经历，及物动词) dramatic changes.
如果要用happen或者take place, 必须说成：在过去的二十年里巨大的变化发生在中国。
写成：Over the past twenty years, dramatic changes have happened/ taken place in China.
常见的不及物动词有happen, break out, agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed等，还有主要用于图表增减的词如fall, drop, increase等。

2. “主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 宾语”结构
此处谓语动词要用及物动词，也就是主语发出的谓语动词的动作，后面必须要跟一个动作的承受者。及物动词就是词典或者词汇表中后面标有vt.（transitive verb）的词。
Time heals all wounds. 时间可以治愈一切伤痛。
其中Time 是主语，发出了heal这个动作, 而heal的对象，也就是heal这个动作的承受者是wounds。
The tailor makes the man. 人靠衣装，佛靠金装。
The tailor发出了make这个动作，make的对象或者说make的承受者是the man。
主谓宾句型跟中文顺序对应，大部分同学能够写得得心应手，建议考生在写作中重点使用。这一句型的基本要求是要记住大量的动宾搭配的地道表达方式，如：
增进理解 deepen understanding
增强人们的环保意识 enhance people’s awareness of environmental protection
采取措施 take measures
提高人民生活水平 improve people’s standard of living
扩大知识面 enlarge scope of knowledge
保护濒危动物 protect endangered species
赡养老年人 support/take care of the elderly
犯罪 commit crimes
掌握语言技能 acquire language skills
取得成功/ 实现目标achieve success/ one’s aim
发表演说 deliver an address
接受某人的意见 accept /follow /take sb’s advice
与……达成协议arrive at /come to /reach an agreement with
进行急救 do /give /offer first aid　
听到有人敲门/按铃而去开门 answer the door/bell
入睡；睡着 fall/drop asleep
帮助某人give /lend /offer assistance to sb.
试图做某事 make an attempt at (doing) sth.
上学/上大学 attend school /college
吸引……的注意draw /attract /hold /take the attention of

3. “主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 间接宾语＋直接宾语”结构
这一句型动词比较特殊，可以跟两个宾语，谓语动作的直接接受者和间接接受者，即直接宾语和间接宾语。
You should teach children the traffic rules.
主 谓 间接宾语 直接宾语
teach这个词有两个动作的承受者，但是“教”这个动作的直接承受者是the traffic rules, 间接宾语是children。这类句子写作主要是熟记常用的可以带双宾语的动词，这类词写作中常用的包括give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand, bring, offer, teach, show等。
国际旅游给人们提供了了解不同文化的机会。
句子的主语为“International tourism”；谓语为offer sb. sth. / offer sth to sb.；直接宾语为a chance，间接宾语为one/ people；to understand different cultures则是“chance”的定语。句子整理为：
International tourism offers one a chance to understand different cultures.

4. “主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语”结构
这一句型在写作时常用的是谓语动词为表示使动的make，即主语使宾语怎么样。注意常带补语的动词，如find/ see /hear等词。还要记住一些固定后接-ing或to do或形容词的动词。例如：房价飞涨，令人沮丧。
按照成分分析，这句话的核心为“房价使人沮丧”，时态用一般现在时，写成：
The prices of houses make people frustrated.
所谓“飞”，意思是“急剧上涨”，为名词“房价”的修饰语，即定语，所以“上涨”应该用形容词increasing，而“急剧”作为形容词increasing的修饰语，应该使用副词sharply，这句话变成：The sharply increasing prices of houses make people frustrated.
外出工作让母亲们没法照顾好孩子。
这是一个稍微难的句子，主语是“外出工作”，在主语的位置要用动名词，写成Working outside；“让”不能写成let，要用make, 时态用一般现在时，故make要加s；make是及物动词，后跟宾语mothers, “没法照顾好孩子”就成为宾语补足语，构成S+V+O+C的句型，宾语补足语用形容词结构unable to take good care of their children。全句成为：
Working outside makes women unable to take good care of their children.
也可以将原句进行了适当变通，使之成为“外出工作让母亲们照顾好孩子成为不可能”，然后活用it作为形式宾语，将不定式后置。
Working outside makes it impossible for women to take good care of their children.
当然，如果掌握的词汇够丰富，也可以用其他表达方式，使之成为“外出工作剥夺了母亲们照顾好孩子的机会”，使用deprive sb. of结构。
Working outside deprives women of the chance to take good care of their children.

5. “主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语”结构
主系表结构，是很常见的一种句型。
1. 系动词be。
2. 表感官的系动词，如look, sound，taste, smell, feel, seem, appear等。
3. 表变化的系动词，如become, get, turn, grow, come, go, fall, run等。
4. 表持续的系动词，如remain, keep, stay, stand, rest, lie, hold等。
5. 可带名词作表语的系动词，如be, become, sound, prove, remain, turn (该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如He turned teacher)等。
关掉动物园是没有远见的行为。
It is shortsighted to shut down zoos.

6. there be句型
注意There be本身就是谓语，所以后面的主语后不能使用谓语动词了。
Nowadays, there is a large number of children study abroad. 应该改为：Nowadays, there are a large number of children studying abroad. / Nowadays, a large number of children are studying abroad.
there be句型还有there will be/ there should be/ there should be/ there is going to be/ there must be/ there used to be/ There appears to be/ There’s (are) likely to be/ There lies/ there stands等变形结构，可以灵活运用。
私家车似乎太多而公交车还不够。
There seem to be too many private cars and not enough public buses.

7. 非谓语结构
在写好上述简单句的基本句型的基础上，可以使用一些非谓语结构，使句意表达更为丰富和紧凑，也使句子结构显得更为“高级”。
现在分词作伴随状语使被描绘内容显得更为形象生动。
The little girls came to the classroom, talking and laughing.
现在分词being作原因状语能增加句子的新颖性。
Being tired and hungry, he couldn’t walk further.
过去分词作状语可以突出所表示的动作或状态。
Absorbed in reading, he didn’t hear anything.
不定式作目的状语可置于句中也可置于句首，在书面表达中经常出现。
(In order) To be heard clearly, he raised his voice.
不定式作结果状语常表示动作出人意料。
He hurried to the school, only to find nobody there.
“with +名词/ 代词+分词/形容词”作状语，表示某一动作的背景。
With the sun setting down, we went home.
With everything ready, he went out for a rest.
“with + 名词/ 代词+不定式”作状语，表示未来动作。
With a lot of homework to do, I can’t come to help you.
“It + be + adj. +of / for sb. to do sth.”结构是不定式的一个非常重要的句型，如果句中形容词可修饰sb.，可用of，否则用for。
It is very kind of you to come to see me.
It is very important for us to learn English well.

主从复合句包括定语从句、状语从句以及名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）。
8. 定语从句
定语从句的特点是：从句前面有个名词或代词（先行词），从句必须由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词有who, whom, which, that, as, 它们在从句中做主语或宾语；whose在从句中做定语，whose后必须有一个名词。如whose parents, whose top等。
关系副词有：when, where, why，在从句中分别做时间、地点、原因状语。
写作定语从句必须注意两点：由关系代词或关系副词所替代的成分在从句中不能重复出现；定语从句与简单句一样，也要求句子结构既正确又完整。
有些人沉迷于网上冲浪，这对他们的身心健康有害。
Some people may be addicted to netsurfing.
It does harm to their physical and mental health.
Some people may be addicted to netsurfing, which does harm to their physical and mental health.
如图所示，雨下得很大。
It can be seen in the picture.
It’s raining very hard.
As we can see / As can be seen in the picture, it’s raining very hard.
不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。
Children will gain weight quickly.
They are not active or their diet is high in fat.
Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
在中国，一些城市的发展正逐渐被全世界意识到，而这些城市的数量正在增加。
In China, the number of cities is increasing.
Their development is recognized across the world.
In China, the number of cities is increasing whose development is recognized across the world.
许多人谈论的一个最严重的问题集中在缺乏足够的居住空间。
One of the most serious problems centers/focuses on the lack of adequate housing space.
Many people talk about it.
One of the most serious problems that many people talk about centers\ focuses on the lack of adequate housing space.
他们来到一个里面似乎没有多少鱼的池塘边。
They came to a pond.
There seemed to be few fish in it.
They came to a pond in which there seemed to be few fish.
另一边，在过去曾经是操场的地方现在矗立着另一栋楼—我们的图书馆。
On the other side now stands another building—our library.
There used to be a playground on the other side.
On the other side, where there used to be a playground, now stands another building—our library.
她说她晚上的学习效率特高，因为那时候没有噪音干扰。
She said she worked with high efficiency at night.
There was not much noise disturbing her at night.
She said she worked with high efficiency at night, when there was not much noise disturbing her.

9. 状语从句
状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。决定从属连词的是主从句的逻辑关系。
我不会给你打电话，除非有意外事发生。
I won’t call you, unless something unexpected happens.
要是他的腿没有伤，他会赢了比赛。
If he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.
流行音乐是社会的重要部分，它甚至影响了我们的语言。
Pop music is such an important part of society that it has even influenced our language.
虽然我一点都不喜欢艺术，我对他的作品印象深刻。
While I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive.
约翰和保罗进行野外研究大约要用五个月。要很长时间我们才能再见到他们。
The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time before we meet them again.
把你的钥匙留给邻居，以免哪天你把自己锁在门外。
Leave your key with a neighbor in case you lock yourself out one day.
只要你有自信，面试会成功的。
You will be successful in the interview once you have confidence.
无论明天的天气怎样，我们的船将驶往澳门。
Whatever the weather is like tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao.
虽然他们知道他的建议有价值，他们中许多人还是对此听而不闻。
Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, even though they knew it to be valuable.

10. 名词性从句
名词性从句指由一个从句充当主句的主语、宾语、表语或同位语。引导名词性从句的连接词是根据从句部分所缺成分决定的。从句部分缺少主语、宾语或表语时，选择连接代词；从句缺少疑问状语时，选择疑问副词；从句部分只是陈述一个事实时，选择that。
明天是汤姆的生日。你知道派对在哪儿举行吗？
Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea where the party is to be held?
重庆人民为他们在过去十年所取得的成就而自豪。
People in Chongqing are proud of what they have achieved in the past ten years.
我们开心玩的最后一次是当我们在参观Water Park时。
The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.
他告诉我，对她最重要的是她的家庭。
What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.
当被问及他们最需要什么时，孩子们说他们最需要感觉重要，感觉被关爱。
When asked what they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.
我们的运动员又赢得一块金牌这个消息在昨天的报纸上被报道了。
The news that our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterday’s newspaper.

实战演练







一、写作中常用的复合句句型

在高考书面表达中，下列复合句的句型简洁而有用，正确运用能使作文增色不少。
1. It seems that sb. do/ be doing/ have done/ had done... 似乎某人……
It seemed that he had been to Beijing before. 他好像以前去过北京。
2. It is high time / time/ about time + that主语＋should do / did+其它。（从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气）该某人做某事了。
It is high time that we should go /went home. 我们该回家了。
3. It is /was said /reported ＋that+从句 据说/据报道……
It was said that this novel was written by him. 据说他写了这篇小说。
4. It is /was +表示时间的名词＋when+从句 （注意本句型不是强调句型，而是以when引导的定语从句。）
It was 1999 when he came back from the United States. 他从美国回来的时候是1999年。
5. It is well-known that＋从句 众所周知，……
It is well-known that she is a learned woman. 众所周知，她是个知识渊博的妇女。
6. It +谓语＋时间段＋before+主语＋谓语 （before引导时间状语从句）过多长时间才……
It will be three hours before he comes back. 三个小时之后他才能回来。
7. It is +（品质方面的）形容词＋of + sb. +to do…
It is kind of you to help me. 你真好，给我提供了帮助。
8. No matter what /which /who /where /when /whose＋从句, 主句… 无论……
No matter where you go/Wherever you go, please let me know. 你无论去哪儿，请告诉我。
9. So long as /As long as /Once +从句, ＋主句 （从句也可以放在主句之后）
As long as you give me any money, I will let you go. 只要你给我一些钱，我就让你走。
10. 主句＋unless+从句… (由于unless本身是否定词，所引导的从句的谓语动词用肯定而不用否定。)
I will go there tomorrow unless it rains. 我明天要去那儿，除非下雨。
11. As soon as /Immediately /Directly /Instantly /The moment /The instant /The minute +从句，主句… 一……就……
My father went out immediately I got home. 我一到家，我父亲就出去了。
12. 主句＋in order that /so that +从句
I got up early in order that I could catch the first bus. 我起得很早，以便能赶上早班车。
13. The +形容词比较级..., （主句）the +形容词比较级...
The sooner you do it, the better it will be. 这件事你做得越早越好。

二、真题再现
简单句部分：
从下列选自高考范文的句中，我们可以发现大量简单句应用在书面表达中，并且清楚地传达了作者的意图。
叙述情况
1. 我领他们来到附近的公共汽车站。
2. 看起来他们似乎迷路了。
3. 他们非常感谢我的帮助。
4. 看着他们上了车，我有一种满足感。
介绍人物
1. 我是李华，来自中国的一名中学生。
2. 我已经学了十年英语，能说流利的英语。
3. 此外，我能给来自其他国家的学生介绍中国，并了解其他国家。
4. 我希望成为夏令营的一员。
5. 作为高中学生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的学科。
6. 通过同他们交谈，我的英语水平提高了很多。
7. 最后，一些好的英文学习网站也有助于我的提高。
描述景色
1. 阳光照耀，小鸟歌唱，公园充满春天的清新和美丽。
表达观点
1. 这样的行为让我陷入深思。
2. 日常生活中，跟其他人的冲突很常见。
3. 他们太在乎输赢了。
4. 尤其在这个充满竞争和压力的社会，原谅和遗忘也是一种美德。
5. 我们应该多沟通，替别人着想，而不是互相责怪。
6. 另外一条建议就是给我们更多练习英语的机会。
数字说明
1. 关于这个问题，大家意见不同。
2. 百分之八十的学生喜欢校服。
3. 他们认为校服设计的好。
4. 其余的人对校服不感兴趣。
5. 三分之一的学生住的离学校近。
6. 一半多学生要花50分钟才能到学校。
7. 很少的人坐小汽车上学。
8. 2013年，这个城市将会有三百万辆汽车。
9. 他们每天花一个半小时做作业。
10. 他们学了一年多英语了。
11. 学生们花最多时间，共93分钟，做作业。
12. 只有10%的时间用在体育锻炼上。
复合句部分
分析下列来自2017高考范文的复合句，发现它们基本上都属于上述四种主从复合句。这些复合句表达了相对复杂的信息。
1.你可以写任何相关的内容，只要有意思，能表达相关信息。
2. 我们还一起度过了一段有趣的时光，唱歌、跳舞、玩游戏等，我相信这样能让他们开心。
3.我真的想采访他，因为他不仅是第一位登上太空的中国人，也是世界上伟大的宇航员。
4.我想知道他在太空是什么感觉，太空旅游是否像我读过（的书中写）的那样有意思。
5. 如果你有兴趣，告诉我，我会给你更多信息。
6.这个故事的寓意（moral）是我们应当尽全力获取知识，无论状况多么艰难，都不要轻易放弃。
7. 我对英语掌握很好，甚至曾经被选为英语老师的助理。
8.我相信我能完全符合你们的期望。



巩固训练




一、根据提示完成句子
1. ___________________(据报道)the taxi driver as well as the three boys _________(cross) the street ______________ (应该承担责任) the traffic accident last night.
2. In the tent, there were many poor students from the earthquake stricken area, __________ ____________________________________________________ (年龄不等) 10 to 20. (vary)
3. He went to the front door, while his friends were following him.
=He went to the front door, ________________________________________.
4. Only by hard working (我们才能让他们相信) our innocence. (convince)
5. He was so angry with himself for ___________________________（犯了个如此愚蠢的错误）.
6. They ___________________(很精通) English but little _______________（他们懂得）German.
7. It was at the church _________________（我领你参观的）last weekend _______ the accident took place.
8. While watching Titanic, most people _______________________________ (禁不住哭起来）when it __________(当提到) the scene in which Jack saves the life of the girl but dies in icy water himself.
9. The boy ___________________(很有天赋) music and he ______________________(很有可能) a musician.
10. ____________________________(完成) my homework, I went out to play with my friends.
= My homework __________________________, I went out to play with my friends.
11. ___________________(很明显) caged animals _________ （已经习惯了生活）with humans.
12. ____________________ （如果消防队员没到）in time, the factory would not have been saved.
13. The young man was sitting under the tree with _________ （他们的眼睛看着）the apple.
14. Not until the teacher explained it again _________________ （我们才理解）the sentence.
15. 尽管被困在塌方的煤矿里超过70小时，他们依靠吃报纸幸存下来了。
_____________________ in the collapsed coal mine for more than 70 hours, only by eating newspapers ______________________.
16. ______________________(多给与关注), the trees could have grown better.
17. ______________________(我突然想到) I had left my cellphone behind at the bookstore.
18. Don’t be too rude to your father. Never in his life __________________(对他说话) in that way up to now.
19. _____________________________________________(他似乎不适合) fit for the job, and ________________________(他所需要的) is more experience.
20. Some species of animals have become extinct because they ______________________ _____(不能适应) the changing environment.

二、把意思有关联的简单句合并成恰当的复合句。
定语从句
1. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town. He grew up as a child in the small town.
2. You will have some spare time. You can learn French at home during the spare time.
3. That is the girl. The girl’s father has just been talked about.
4. We often think of the happiest days. We spent together the days on the island.
5. There is a mysterious dark lake. The depth of the lake has never been measured.
名词从句
1. How will the book sell? It depends on its author.
2. What’s your question? Who will take over president of the Foundation?
3. I’m not sure. Why did she refuse their invitation?
4. What remains unknown? When are they going to get married?
5. Is the plan is feasible? It remains to be proved.
状语从句
1. You call me to say you’re not coming. I’ll see you at the theatre.
2. Several weeks had gone by. I realized the painting was missing.
3. The house could fall down soon. No one does some quick repair work.
4. The situation is dangerous. There is still one possible way to keep away from the danger.
5. The story is amusing. I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.

三、写作练习
90后出生的学生行为方式和价值观令人担忧。假如你是90后出生的学生，请根据下表中所提供的信息以”Do trust us—a generation born in the 90s”为题写一篇英语演讲稿，以消除人们的忧虑。
90后的境遇：面临更多的升学和就业烦恼，所处环境竞争更加激烈。
人们的忧虑：1. 注重自我，轻视合作，
2. 缺乏毅力，容易气馁，…
3 . 盲目追求，渴望成名，…
我们的长处：敢于挑战，……(请联系自己拟定内容，再列举两至三点)
注意：1、对所给要点，逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。
2、词数在120左右。开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。

Good afternoon, everyone!
The topic of my speech today is “Do trust us — a generation living in an environment _____________________________. We, a generation born in the 90s, are faced with more problems in entering higher schools and getting employed. Under these circumstances, we are developing our special manners and values, which has raised people’s concern.
____________________(他们担心) we care too much about ourselves and _______ ____________ others, which makes it hard for us to _____________________(获得成功) in whatever we do. Besides, they consider us as _______________________(缺乏决心), and this is ___________ it takes to do any job well. Without it, we may easily give up ______________ ________ (面临困难的时候). They are also concerned that not only __________ so eager to win instant fame, but also we follow fashion blindly, _____________ will in turn ruin our values and future.
However, we, a generation born in the 90s, have our own advantages _________________ (尽管) some weaknesses. Firstly, we have the courage to take challenges and risks, which helps ______________________(实现我们的梦想). In addition, we are quick-minded and creative. We can do our work more efficiently. Yet, we still need to learn more from those experienced. Please do trust us!
Thank you for your listening!


综合能力训练

Ⅰ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever anyone asks me where my favorite place in China is, I say Dali without hesitation. Dali, ___61___(surround) by mountains for hiking and lakes for bicycling around , is the kind of place that everyone likes.
Last year I met a couple of young students I’d known___62___ I travelled to Dali, and we agreed ____63____(cycle) along the lake in a small town outside of Dali. The lake ___64___ (it) was pretty easy to cycle around , ___65___ flat paths passing through a lot of little villages. While cycling, a woman recommended an hour-long boat ride for about 40 RMB each--a bit expensive but ___66___ adventure we felt like having, so we paid for it.
In about 20 minutes we witnessed in ___67___(excite) how a fisherman fished with his fishing birds. A string was tied around each bird’s neck so that when it dived for fish, it was unable to swallow them. The birds ___68___ (give) a fish as payment for their service after the fisherman had a satisfactory catch. I’d ___69___ (previous) read about this fishing method, but it was pretty exciting to see first-hand.
The day finished with a brilliant sunset, ___70___ I climbed onto a roof to get a photo of.

Ⅱ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。 
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。 
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的 词。
注意:
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;​
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
    We had a school trip on last Sunday. Hundreds of us took part in it excited. At 8:00 am, we set out for the top of Jiuhuang Mountain in high spirits. All the way we were chatting, singing and laughing, enjoyed the fresh air and the beautiful sceneries. When someone fall behind, others would come or offer help. About 2 hours later, we all reached the top. Seeing from there, the river below looked like a thin belt. We were very happy that we jumped and cheered with joy. The activity benefited us a lot. Not only did we get close to nature, but also we relaxed myself. What wonderful time!


Ⅱ.书面表达
假定你是李华,市电视台将举办《中国诗词大赛》(Chinese Poetry Contest)国际友人专场,你想邀请对中国文化感兴趣的外教老师Adam一同观赛。请给他写一封信,内容包括:
1.时间:下周五晚六点半;
2.地点:市民中心;
3.诗词比赛的意义。
注意：
1.词数100左右：
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



答案与解析：
简单句部分：
叙述情况
1. I led them to the nearby bus stop.
2. It seemed they were lost.
3. They appreciated my help greatly.
4. Seeing them on the bus, I felt a kind of satisfaction.
介绍人物
1. I’m Li Hua, a middle school student from China.
2. I’ve been learning English for 10 years, and I speak fluent English.
3. What is more, I’ll be able to tell students from other countries about China and learn about their countries as well.
4. I hope I will be accepted as a member of your summer camp.
5. As a high school student, I consider English a very important subject.
6. By talking with them, my oral English improved a lot.
7. Finally, some good English study websites contribute a lot to my improvement.
描述景色
1. The park was full of freshness and beauty of spring, with the sun shining and birds singing.
表达观点
1. Such behavior left me deep in thought.
2. Conflicts with others are common in everyday life.
3. They cared too much about winning and losing.
4. It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society.
5. Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.
6. Another suggestion is to give us more chances to practice speaking.
数字说明
1. Opinions are divided about/on the problem.
2. Eighty percent of the students like school uniforms.
3. They think the uniforms are well designed.
4. The rest are not interested in school uniforms.
5. One third of the students live near their school.
6. More than half of the students spend 50 minutes on the way to school.
7. Few of them go to school by car.
8. There will be 3 million cars in the city in 2013.
9. It takes them an hour and a half to do their homework every day.
10. They have learned English for more than a year.
11. The students put the most time－93 minutes－into their homework.
12. Only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities.
复合句部分：
1. You can write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative.
2. We’ll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy.
3. I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.
4. I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is such great fun as I have read.
5. If you are interested in it, let me know and I’ll send you more information.
6. The moral of the story is that we should spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be.
7. I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.
8. I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations.

答案与解析
一、根据提示完成句子
1. It was reported that, crossing, was to blame for
2. whose ages varied from
3. (with) his friends following him
4. can we convince them of
5. making such a stupid mistake/making so stupid a mistake
6. have a good command/knowledge of, do they know
7. (that/which) I showed you around, that
8. couldn’t help crying, came to
9. has a great gift for, is most likely to become/has the great potential to become
10. Having finished, finished/having been finished,
11.It is clear/obvious (that); have been accustomed to living.
12.Suppose / supposing the firefighters hadn’t arrived
13. his eyes fixed on / upon
14.did we make sense of/understand
15. Having been trapped; did they survived
16. Given more attention／If given more attention/ If they had been give more attention
17. It (suddenly) occurred to me that
18. has he been spoken to
19. It seems that he is not/he seems not to, and what he calls for
20. could not adapt (themselves) to

二、把意思有关联的简单句合并成恰当的复合句。
定语从句
1. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.
2. You will have some spare time during which you can learn French at home.
3. That is the girl whose father has just been talked about.
4. We often think of the happiest days which we spent together on the island.
5. There is a mysterious dark lake, whose depth has never been measured.
名词从句
1. How the book will sell depends on its author.
2. My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.
3. I’m not sure why she refused their invitation.
4. It remains unknown when they are going to get married.
5. Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.
状语从句
1. Unless you call me to say you’re not coming I’ll see you at the theatre.
2. Several weeks had gone by before I realized the painting was missing.
3. The house could fall down soon if no one does some quick repair work.
4. Though the situation is dangerous, there is still one possible way to keep away from the danger.
5. No matter how amusing he story is, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.
三、写作练习
Good afternoon, everyone!
The topic of my speech today is “Do trust us — a generation born in Living in an environment full of strong competition. We, a generation born in the 90s, are faced with more problems in entering higher schools and getting employed. Under these circumstances, we are developing our special manners and values, which has raised people’s concern.
They worry we care too much about ourselves and are unwilling to cooperate with others, which makes it hard for us to achieve success in whatever we do. Besides, they consider us as lacking in determination, and this is what it takes to do any job well. Without it, we may easily give up in time of difficulty. They are also concerned that not only are we so eager to win instant fame, but we follow fashion blindly, which will in turn ruin our values and future.
However, we, a generation born in the 90s, have our own advantages despite/in spite of some weaknesses. Firstly, we have the courage to take challenges and risks,, which helps realize our dreams. In addition, we are quick-minded and creative. We can do our work more efficiently. Yet, we still need to learn more from those experienced. Please do trust us!
Thank you for your listening!

【答案】61. surrounded 62. before 63. to cycle 64. itself 65. with 66 an 67. excitement
68. were given 69. previously 70. which
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者自己和几个朋友欣赏一起骑行欣赏大理美景的经历。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，is是句子的谓语，故surround应是非谓语，又因为Dali和surround是动宾关系，故填surrounded。
【62题详解】
考查时间状语从句的连词。句意：去年，我遇到了几个年轻的学生，他们是我去大理之前认识的。在结合下文可知这些学生是“我”在去大理之前就认识了，故填before。
【63题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们同意骑车沿着大理城外一个小镇的湖边走。结合句义可知，agree to do同意做某事，故填to cycle。
【64题详解】
考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处做the lake的同位语，故填itself。
【65题详解】
考查with的独立主格结构。句意：我们同意骑车沿着大理城外一个小镇的湖边走。分析句子结构可知，_____ flat paths passing符合with+n.+doing结构，再结合语义，故填with。
【66题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在骑车的时候，一位女士推荐了一小时的船游，每人40元左右——虽然有点贵，但我们很喜欢冒险，所以我们付了钱。分析句子结构可知，空处填冠词，再结合句意可知，adventure在此处表示泛指，又是元音开头，故填an。
【67题详解】
考查词型变化。分析句子结构可知，in后填名词，故填excitement。
【68题详解】
考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，又因为the birds是give的受动者，故填were given。
【69题详解】
考查词型变化。分析句子结构可知，空处填副词，修饰read，做状语，故填previously。
【70题详解】
考查定语从句连词。分析句子结构可知，a brilliant sunset是先行词，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中做of的宾语，故填which。

答案：
    We had a school trip on last Sunday. Hundreds of us took part in it.At 8:00 am, we set out for the top of Jiuhuang Mountain in high spirits. All the way we were chatting, singing and laughing, the fresh air and the beautiful. When someone behind, others would come offer help. About 2 hours later, we all reached the top. from there, the river below looked like a thin belt. We were happy that we jumped and cheered with joy. The activity benefited us a lot. Not only did we get close to nature, but also we relaxed. What wonderful time!


参考答案：
Dear Adam,
Knowing that you take a great interest in Chinese culture, I’m writing to invite you to attend Chinese Poetry Contest for foreigners to be held by the city TV station at 6:30 pm next Friday at the Citizen Center.
Similar contests are watched by many people in China as ancient Chinese culture is regaining popularity these days. Also, the wisdom delivered through Chinese classic poems can be rather impressive and helpful for the learners of the Chinese language.
It will be a rather unforgettable night and I sincerely hope you could come with me. Looking forward to your early reply!

Yours,
Li Hua